Progress over time 1.4 By calculating how much the gap has, on average, reduced each year since the report’s first edition in 2006, using a constant sample of 102 countries, it is possible to project how many years it will take to close each of the gender gaps for each of the dimensions tracked. The 17-year trajectory of global gender gaps is charted accordingly in Figure 1.4. This year’s results leave the total progress made towards gender parity at an overall 4.1 percentage- point gain since 2006. Hence, on average, over the past 17 years, the gap has been reduced by only 0.24 percentage points per year. If progress towards gender parity proceeds at the same average speed observed between the 2006 and 2023 editions, the overall global gender gap is projected to close in 131 years, compared to a projection of 132 years in 2022. This suggests that the year in which the gender gap is expected to close remains 2154, as progress is moving at the same rate as last year. The Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex now stands at 59.8% based on the 102 countries in the constant sample (non-constant score 60.1%). This subindex is the only one that receded compared to 2022. There is a drop of 0.2 percentage points since 2022, but an improvement of 4.1 percentage points since 2006. The ebbing of the upward trend seen in last year’s edition can be partially attributed to the drop in the subindex scores for 66 economies including highly populated economies such as China, Indonesia, Nigeria, etc. As a result, it will take another 169 years to close the economic gender gap. The Educational Attainment subindex displays the highest gender parity score (96.1%) on the basis of 102 countries in the constant sample (non-constant score 95.2%). The 0.8 percentage-point increase since last year places it from second to top-ranked across all subindices. While the development has not been unfaltering over time – accelerating then plateauing at various points in time and dropping 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Score (0-1 scale)Political Empowerment subindex 0.221 Population-weighted averageIcelandRwanda United StatesIndia Saudi Arabia Norway United StatesLao, PDR Germany IndonesiaItaly MexicoIndia Pakistan Netherlands Peru Nigeria Chad KenyaChinaIndia Viet Nam IcelandUnited States Costa Rica France Sweden United Arab EmiratesJapanHealth and Survival subindex 0.960Educational Attainment subindex 0.952Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex 0.601Global Gender Gap index 0.684Range of scores, Global Gender Gap Index and subindexes, 2023 FIGURE 1.3 Source World Economic Forum, Global Gender Gap Index, 2023.NoteBlue diamonds correspond to population-weighted averages. Global Gender Gap Report 2023 15

GGGR 2023