in 2017-2018 and 2022 – the time-series analysis shows a definitive upward trend overall. Its improved performance as well as a steady pace of progress on average over the 2006-2023 period leads to an estimation of 16 years to close the gap. The Health and Survival gender parity score stands at 95.9% based on the constant sample of 102 countries (non-constant score 96%). It is a modest improvement compared to last year (+0.2 percentage points) and an actual drop of 0.3 percentage points compared to 2006. Despite this slight long-term drop, the index has consistently stayed above the 95% mark since the inception of the index in 2006.Based on the constant sample of 102 countries included in each edition from 2006 to 2023, the global Political Empowerment gender gap this year is 22.5% (non-constant score 22.1%), which is a slight improvement of 0.1 percentage points over 2022. A slower pace of improvement, however, means that it will now take another 162 years to completely close this gap, a significant step backwards compared to the 2022 edition. Yet, the 2023 score is the highest absolute increase of all four subindexes since 2006: 8.2 percentage points compared to 4.4 percentage points for Educational Attainment, which is the subindex with the second- greatest improvement.Edition 2007 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019* 2020 2021 2022 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1Score (0-1, parity) 2023 Source World Economic Forum, Global Gender Gap Index, 2023.NotePopulation-weighted averages for the the 102 economies featured in all editions of the index, from 2006–2023. The fourteenth edition of the Global Gender Gap Index, titled The Global Gender Gap Report 2020 , was released in December 2019. There is no corresponding edition for 2019.Evolution of the Global Gender Gap Index and subindexes over time FIGURE 1.4 Evolution in scores, 2006-2023 Years to close the gap 131 Global Genger Gap Index 169 Economic Participation and Opportunity 162 Political Empowerment 16 Educational Attainment n.a. Health and Survival Global Gender Gap Report 2023 16

GGGR 2023