Sub-Saharan Africa has closed 67.2% of the gender gap on the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex. Liberia, Eswatini and Burundi are at the top of the ranking table, while Benin, Mali and Senegal have attained the least parity. At the indicator level, there has been an improvement of 0.5 percentage points or more in parity in estimated earned income in 20 out of 36 countries. Further, the share of technical positions assumed by women has increased for more than 1 percentage point in six countries, including populous countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo and Ethiopia. Seven countries – including the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania and Rwanda – have seen greater than 1 percentage-point rise in the share of senior officer positions held by women. Sub-Saharan Africa is the lowest-ranked region in closing the gender gap on Educational Attainment, with a parity score of 86%, and only Botswana, Lesotho and Namibia have achieved full parity. Sixteen countries have achieved less than 90% parity on this subindex, with the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Chad achieving the lowest scores. There has been an improvement of 0.5 percentage points or more in parity in 23 out of 36 countries, with gains in parity in literacy rate in 23 out of 36 countries. However, the number of countries with 90% or more parity decreases with enrolment in successive levels of education. Apart from Mali, Guinea and Chad, all countries have more than 90% parity in enrolment in primary education, and 16 have reached full parity. Ten countries have less than 90% parity in secondary education and 21 countries less than 90% parity in tertiary education. Sub-Saharan Africa has the third-highest parity score, 97.2%, on the Health and Survival subindex, following Latin America and the Caribbean and Eurasia and Central Asia. Twenty-five countries have more than 97% parity. Niger, Liberia and Mali are the lowest-performing countries on this subindex. All countries have attained parity in sex ratio at birth, and 11 out of 36 countries are at parity for healthy life expectancy. With five countries having less than 10% parity and five countries with more than 40% parity, progress has been highly uneven when it comes Country Rank Score Regional Global Moldova, Republic of 1 19 0.788 Belarus 2 41 0.752 Armenia 3 61 0.721 Kazakhstan 4 62 0.721 Ukraine 5 66 0.714 Georgia 6 76 0.708 Kyrgyzstan 7 84 0.700 Azerbaijan 8 97 0.692 Tajikistan 9 111 0.672 Türkiye 10 129 0.638Eurasia and Central Asia Country Rank Score Regional Global New Zealand 1 4 0.856 Philippines 2 16 0.791 Australia 3 26 0.778 Singapore 4 49 0.739 Lao PDR 5 54 0.733 Viet Nam 6 72 0.711 Thailand 7 74 0.711 Mongolia 8 80 0.704 Indonesia 9 87 0.697 Cambodia 10 92 0.695 Timor-Leste 11 95 0.693 Brunei Darussalam 12 96 0.693 Malaysia 13 102 0.682 Korea, Republic of 14 105 0.680 China 15 107 0.678 Vanuatu 16 108 0.678 Fiji 17 121 0.650 Myanmar 18 123 0.650 Japan 19 125 0.647East Asia and the PacificCountry Rank Score Regional Global Iceland 1 1 0.912 Norway 2 2 0.879 Finland 3 3 0.863 Sweden 4 5 0.815 Germany 5 6 0.815 Lithuania 6 9 0.800 Belgium 7 10 0.796 Ireland 8 11 0.795 Latvia 9 13 0.794 United Kingdom 10 15 0.792 Albania 11 17 0.791 Spain 12 18 0.791 Switzerland 13 21 0.783 Estonia 14 22 0.782 Denmark 15 23 0.780 Netherlands 16 28 0.777 Slovenia 17 29 0.773 Portugal 18 32 0.765 Serbia 19 38 0.760 France 20 40 0.756 Luxembourg 21 44 0.747 Austria 22 47 0.740 Croatia 23 55 0.730 Poland 24 60 0.722 Slovakia 25 63 0.720 Bulgaria 26 65 0.715 Montenegro 27 69 0.714 Malta 28 70 0.713 North Macedonia 29 73 0.711 Italy 30 79 0.705 Bosnia and Herzegovina 31 86 0.698 Romania 32 88 0.697 Greece 33 93 0.693 Hungary 34 99 0.689 Czech Republic 35 101 0.685 Cyprus 36 106 0.678EuropeThe Global Gender Gap Index rankings by region, 2023 TABLE 1.3 Global Gender Gap Report 2023 25

GGGR 2023