Global Cybersecurity Outlook 2026

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25. Mishra, V. (2025, October 25). Sixty-five nations sign first UN treaty to fight cybercrime, in milestone for digital cooperation. UN News. https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/10/1166182 26. INTERPOL. (2025, June 11). 20,000 malicious IPs and domains taken down in INTERPOL infostealer crackdown. https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/20-000-malicious-IPs-and-domains-taken-down-in- INTERPOL-infostealer-crackdown 27. INTERPOL. (2025, August 22). African authorities dismantle massive cybercrime and fraud networks, recover millions. https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/African-authorities-dismantle-massive-cybercrime-and-fraud- networks-recover-millions 28. Europol. (2025, November 13). End of the game for cybercrime infrastructure: 1025 servers taken down. https://www.europol.europa.eu/media-press/newsroom/news/end-of-game-for-cybercrime-infrastructure-1025-servers- taken-down 29. Europol. (2025, May 21). Europol and Microsoft disrupt world’s largest infostealer Lumma. https://www.europol.europa.eu/ media-press/newsroom/news/europol-and-microsoft-disrupt-world%E2%80%99s-largest-infostealer-lumma 30. World Economic Forum. (2025). The Cyber Resilience Compass: Journeys towards resilience. https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-cyber-resilience-compass-journeys-towards-resilience/ 31. Milmo, D. (2025, May 21). Scattered Spider is focus of NCA inquiry into cyber-attacks against UK retailers. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/may/21/scattered-spider-national-crime-agency-inquiry-cyber-attacks- uk-retailers 32. World Economic Forum. (2025). The Cyber Resilience Compass: Journeys towards resilience. https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-cyber-resilience-compass-journeys-towards-resilience/ 33. World Economic Forum. (2025). Elevating cybersecurity: Ensuring strategic and sustainable impact for CISOs. https://www.weforum.org/publications/elevating-cybersecurity-ensuring-strategic-and-sustainable-impact-for-cisos/ 34. United Kingdom Department for Science, Innovation & Technology. (2025, November 12). Summary of research on the economic impact of cyber attacks. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/independent-research-on-the-economic- impact-of-cyber-attacks-on-the-uk/summary-of-research-on-the-economic-impact-of-cyber-attacks 35. Cakir, S., & Vergara Cobos, E. B. (2024). A review of the economic costs of cyber incidents. World Bank. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099092324164536687 36. Taaffe-Maguire, S. (2025, November 14). Direct cost of Jaguar Land Rover cyber attack which impacted UK economic growth revealed. Sky News. https://news.sky.com/story/direct-cost-of-jaguar-land-rover-cyber-attack-which-impacted- uk-economic-growth-revealed-13470193 37. Jaguar Land Rover Automotive. (2025, November 14). JLR performance impacted in challenging quarter [Press release]. https://media.jaguarlandrover.com/news/2025/11/jlr-performance-impacted-challenging-quarter 38. Pearson, J. (2025, October 22). Jaguar Land Rover hack cost UK economy $2.5 billion, report says. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/jaguar-land-rover-hack-cost-uk-economy-25-billion- report-says-2025-10-22/ 39. United Kingdom Government. (2025, September 28). Government backs Jaguar Land Rover with £1.5 billion loan guarantee. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-backs-jaguar-land-rover-with-15-billion-loan-guarantee 40. World Economic Forum. (n.d.). Centre for Cyber Economics. Retrieved November 25, 2025, from https://initiatives.weforum.org/4ir-network/centreforcybereconomics 41. Tidy, J., & Wilson, T. (2025, September 22). EU cyber agency says airport software held to ransom by criminals. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cqjeej85452o 42. The category of smallest organizations by annual revenue in the Global Cybersecurity Outlook 2026 data is <$250 million; the category of medium is between $250 million and $5.5 billion; and the category of large is > $5.5 billion. 43. Tewari, S., & Hoskins, P . (2025, October 11). How hackers forced brewing giant Asahi back to pen and paper. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cly64g5y744o 44. Reuters. (2025, October 30). Microsoft Azure’s services restored after global outage. https://www.reuters.com/technology/microsoft-azure-down-thousands-users-downdetector-shows-2025-10-29/ 45. Burgess, M., & Newman, L. H. (2025, October 25). Security news this week: Amazon explains how its AWS outage took down the web. WIRED. https://www.wired.com/story/amazon-explains-how-its-aws-outage-took-down-the-web/ 46. Prince, M. (2025, November 18). Cloudflare outage on November 18, 2025. Cloudflare. https://blog.cloudflare.com/18-november-2025-outage/ 47. The category of smallest organizations by annual revenue in the Global Cybersecurity Outlook 2026 data is <$250 million; the category of medium is between $250 million and $5.5 billion; and the category of large is > $5.5 billion. 48. CyberPeace Builders. (n.d.). CyberPeace Builders. Retrieved November 25, 2025, from https://cpb.ngo/ 49. Common Good Cyber. (n.d.). Common Good Cyber. Retrieved November 25, 2025, from https://commongoodcyber.org/ 50. World Economic Forum. (2025). Artificial intelligence and cybersecurity: Balancing risks and rewards. https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Artificial_Intelligence_and_Cybersecurity_Balancing_Risks_and_Rewards_2025.pdf Global Cybersecurity Outlook 2026 62
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