Global Cybersecurity Outlook 2026
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25. Mishra, V. (2025, October 25). Sixty-five nations sign first UN treaty to fight cybercrime, in milestone for digital cooperation.
UN News. https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/10/1166182
26. INTERPOL. (2025, June 11). 20,000 malicious IPs and domains taken down in INTERPOL infostealer crackdown.
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/20-000-malicious-IPs-and-domains-taken-down-in-
INTERPOL-infostealer-crackdown
27. INTERPOL. (2025, August 22). African authorities dismantle massive cybercrime and fraud networks, recover millions.
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/African-authorities-dismantle-massive-cybercrime-and-fraud-
networks-recover-millions
28. Europol. (2025, November 13). End of the game for cybercrime infrastructure: 1025 servers taken down.
https://www.europol.europa.eu/media-press/newsroom/news/end-of-game-for-cybercrime-infrastructure-1025-servers-
taken-down
29. Europol. (2025, May 21). Europol and Microsoft disrupt world’s largest infostealer Lumma. https://www.europol.europa.eu/
media-press/newsroom/news/europol-and-microsoft-disrupt-world%E2%80%99s-largest-infostealer-lumma
30. World Economic Forum. (2025). The Cyber Resilience Compass: Journeys towards resilience.
https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-cyber-resilience-compass-journeys-towards-resilience/
31. Milmo, D. (2025, May 21). Scattered Spider is focus of NCA inquiry into cyber-attacks against UK retailers. The Guardian.
https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/may/21/scattered-spider-national-crime-agency-inquiry-cyber-attacks-
uk-retailers
32. World Economic Forum. (2025). The Cyber Resilience Compass: Journeys towards resilience.
https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-cyber-resilience-compass-journeys-towards-resilience/
33. World Economic Forum. (2025). Elevating cybersecurity: Ensuring strategic and sustainable impact for CISOs.
https://www.weforum.org/publications/elevating-cybersecurity-ensuring-strategic-and-sustainable-impact-for-cisos/
34. United Kingdom Department for Science, Innovation & Technology. (2025, November 12). Summary of research on the
economic impact of cyber attacks. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/independent-research-on-the-economic-
impact-of-cyber-attacks-on-the-uk/summary-of-research-on-the-economic-impact-of-cyber-attacks
35. Cakir, S., & Vergara Cobos, E. B. (2024). A review of the economic costs of cyber incidents. World Bank.
https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099092324164536687
36. Taaffe-Maguire, S. (2025, November 14). Direct cost of Jaguar Land Rover cyber attack which impacted UK economic
growth revealed. Sky News. https://news.sky.com/story/direct-cost-of-jaguar-land-rover-cyber-attack-which-impacted-
uk-economic-growth-revealed-13470193
37. Jaguar Land Rover Automotive. (2025, November 14). JLR performance impacted in challenging quarter [Press release].
https://media.jaguarlandrover.com/news/2025/11/jlr-performance-impacted-challenging-quarter
38. Pearson, J. (2025, October 22). Jaguar Land Rover hack cost UK economy $2.5 billion, report says. Reuters.
https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/jaguar-land-rover-hack-cost-uk-economy-25-billion-
report-says-2025-10-22/
39. United Kingdom Government. (2025, September 28). Government backs Jaguar Land Rover with £1.5 billion loan
guarantee. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-backs-jaguar-land-rover-with-15-billion-loan-guarantee
40. World Economic Forum. (n.d.). Centre for Cyber Economics. Retrieved November 25, 2025, from
https://initiatives.weforum.org/4ir-network/centreforcybereconomics
41. Tidy, J., & Wilson, T. (2025, September 22). EU cyber agency says airport software held to ransom by criminals. BBC.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cqjeej85452o
42. The category of smallest organizations by annual revenue in the Global Cybersecurity Outlook 2026 data is <$250 million;
the category of medium is between $250 million and $5.5 billion; and the category of large is > $5.5 billion.
43. Tewari, S., & Hoskins, P . (2025, October 11). How hackers forced brewing giant Asahi back to pen and paper. BBC.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cly64g5y744o
44. Reuters. (2025, October 30). Microsoft Azure’s services restored after global outage.
https://www.reuters.com/technology/microsoft-azure-down-thousands-users-downdetector-shows-2025-10-29/
45. Burgess, M., & Newman, L. H. (2025, October 25). Security news this week: Amazon explains how its AWS outage took
down the web. WIRED. https://www.wired.com/story/amazon-explains-how-its-aws-outage-took-down-the-web/
46. Prince, M. (2025, November 18). Cloudflare outage on November 18, 2025. Cloudflare.
https://blog.cloudflare.com/18-november-2025-outage/
47. The category of smallest organizations by annual revenue in the Global Cybersecurity Outlook 2026 data is <$250 million;
the category of medium is between $250 million and $5.5 billion; and the category of large is > $5.5 billion.
48. CyberPeace Builders. (n.d.). CyberPeace Builders. Retrieved November 25, 2025, from https://cpb.ngo/
49. Common Good Cyber. (n.d.). Common Good Cyber. Retrieved November 25, 2025, from https://commongoodcyber.org/
50. World Economic Forum. (2025). Artificial intelligence and cybersecurity: Balancing risks and rewards.
https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Artificial_Intelligence_and_Cybersecurity_Balancing_Risks_and_Rewards_2025.pdf
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