Share of respondents (%)Biological, chemical, or nuclear weapons or hazards Geoeconomic confrontation (sanctions, tariffs, investment screening) State-based armed conﬂict (proxy, civil wars, coups, terrorism, etc.) Critical change to Earth systems Cyber espionage and warfareInvoluntary migration or displacement Biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse Pollution (air, soil, water, etc.) Concentration of strategic resources (and technologies) Adverse outcomes of frontier technologies (quantum, biotech, geoengineering)Top risks that can be addressed by global treaties and arrangements FIGURE 1.16 Source World Economic Forum Global Risks Perception Survey 2024-2025.“Which approach(es) do you expect to have the most potential for driving action on risk reduction and preparedness over the next 10 years? Risk categories Economic Environmental Geopolitical Societal Technological Risk Governance: State-based armed conﬂict FIGURE 1.15 Source World Economic Forum Global Risks Perception Survey 2024-2025.“Which approach(es) do you expect to have the most potential for driving action on risk reduction and preparedness over the next 10 years? Select up to three for each risk.” Risk categories Economic Environmental Geopolitical Societal Technological State-based armed conﬂict (proxy, civil wars, coups, terrorism, etc.)Share of respondentsApproach a. Financial instruments b. National and local regulations c. Minilateral treaties and agreements d. Global treaties and agreements e. Development assistance f. Corporate strategies g. Research & development h. Public awareness and education i. Multistakeholder engagement Global Risks Report 2025 26