Extreme weather events Critical change to Earth systems Biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse Misinformation and disinformation Pollution Involuntary migration or displacement Societal polarization Inequality Natural resource shortages State-based armed conﬂictAcademia Extreme weather events Biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse Critical change to Earth systems Cyber espionage and warfare Misinformation and disinformation Adverse outcomes of AI technologies Societal polarization Natural resource shortages State-based armed conﬂict Involuntary migration or displacementPrivate sector Extreme weather events Biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse Critical change to Earth systems Natural resource shortages Adverse outcomes of AI technologies Pollution Involuntary migration or displacement Misinformation and disinformation Societal polarization InequalityCivil society Extreme weather events Critical change to Earth systems Biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse Inequality Misinformation and disinformation Natural resource shortages Cyber espionage and warfare Adverse outcomes of AI technologies Pollution Concentration of strategic resourcesGovernment Extreme weather events Biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse Critical change to Earth systems Natural resource shortages Adverse outcomes of AI technologies Concentration of strategic resources Cyber espionage and warfare Societal polarization Inequality Misinformation and disinformationInternational organizations 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10thGlobal risks over the long term (10 years), by stakeholder group FIGURE 2.4 Source World Economic Forum Global Risks Perception Survey 2024-2025.Risk categories Economic Environmental Geopolitical Societal Technological Global Risks Report 2025 46