Share of respondents (%)Infectious diseases Non-weather related natural disasters (earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, solar ﬂares etc.) Adverse outcomes of frontier technologies (quantum, biotech, geoengineering) Pollution (air, soil, water, etc.) Extreme weather events (ﬂoods, heatwaves, etc.)Critical change to Earth systems Adverse outcomes of AI technologies Natural resource shortages (food, water) Decline in health and wellbeing Cyber espionage and warfareTop global risks addressed by Research and development FIGURE D.2 "Which approach(es) do you expect to have the most potential for driving action on risk reduction and preparedness over the next 10 years?" Risk categories Economic Environmental Geopolitical Societal Technological Source World Economic Forum Global Risks Perception Survey 2024-2025. Share of respondents (%)Crime and illicit economic activity (incl. cyber) Pollution (air, soil, water, etc.) Censorship and surveillance Intrastate violence (riots, mass shootings, gang violence, etc.) Adverse outcomes of AI technologiesBiodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse Erosion of human rights and/or of civic freedoms Insufﬁcient public infrastructure and social protections Online harms Asset bubble burstsTop global risks addressed by National and local regulations FIGURE D.3 Source World Economic Forum Global Risks Perception Survey 2024-2025."Which approach(es) do you expect to have the most potential for driving action on risk reduction and preparedness over the next 10 years?" Risk categories Economic Environmental Geopolitical Societal Technological Global Risks Report 2025 94