Acknowledgements Contributors Mark Elsner Head, Global Risks Grace Atkinson Insights Specialist, Global Risks Saadia Zahidi Managing Director, World Economic Forum This report has relied heavily on the dedication and expertise of World Economic Forum colleagues: Mitali Chatterjee, Ricky Li, and Eoin Ó Cathasaigh. The report has greatly benefited from the insight and expertise of the members of the Global Risks Report Advisory Board: Rolf Alter (Hertie School); Kannan Amaresh (Infosys); Azeem Azhar (Exponential View); Amitabh Behar (Oxfam International); Beatrice Weder di Mauro (Centre for Economic Policy Research); Nita Farahany (Duke University); Niall Ferguson (Hoover Institution, Stanford University); Peter Giger (Zurich Insurance Group); Charles Godfray (Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford); Erick Gustafson (Marsh); Jim Leape (Stanford University); Mary McCann (S&P Global); Robert Muggah (Igarapé Institute); Eleni Myrivili (The Atlantic Council); Jonathan D. Ostry (University of Toronto); Carol Ouko-Misiko (The Institute of Risk Management); Eduardo Pedrosa (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Secretariat); Danny Quah (Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore); Daniel Ralph (University of Cambridge); Samir Saran (Observer Research Foundation); Pardis Sabeti (Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health); Charlotte Lindberg Warakulle (CERN); Amy Webb (NYU Stern School of Business); Ngaire Woods (Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford); and Alexandra Zapata Hojel (Future Tense Now). We are also grateful to the following individuals from our Global Risks Community: Chief Risk Officers Community: Magnus Agustsson (Danske Bank A/S); Nadir Ahmed (OMINVEST); Naif Alkhairallah (Saudi Industrial Development Fund); Eric Allen (Russell Reynolds Associates Inc.); Kannan Amaresh (Infosys Ltd); Fredrik Arnö (Vattenfall); Zeynep Ersahin Asik (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs [OCHA]); Cherie Axelrod (The Western Union Company); Mohd Azmir bin Mohd Jani (Permodalan Nasional Berhad [PNB]); Barbara Badoino (Novartis International AG); Oliver Bartholet (Bank Julius Baer & Co. Ltd); Lisa Bechtold (Nestlé); Scott Berryman (PwC); Manab Kumar Biswas (GAIL (India) Limited); Fatoumata Bouaré (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development [EBRD]); Romy Bowers (International Monetary Fund [IMF]); Vanessa Candela (Celonis Deutschland GMBH); Vijay Chakravarthy (Louis Dreyfus Company); Manoj Chawla (Emirates NBD Bank PJSC); Laurie Cherpock (Chanel Limited); Christos Christou (LuLu Financial Holdings); Carol Collins (AXIS Capital Holdings Limited); Matteo Coppola (Boston Consulting Group); Mark Currie (Investec Bank Ltd); Isha Dalal Global Risks Report 2026 100