Endnotes 1. World Meteorological Organization. (2025). WMO confirms 2024 as warmest year on record at about 1.55°C above pre- industrial level. https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/wmo-confirms-2024-warmest-year-record-about-155degc-above- pre-industrial-level 2. World Economic Forum. (2025f). Global Risks Report 2025. https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-risks- report-2025/ 3. Chan, Kyle, Czin, Jonathan A., Hass, Ryan, et al. (2025, November 5). What happened when Trump met Xi?. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/what-happened-when-trump-met-xi/ 4. World Justice Project. (2025, October 28). Global Rule of Law Recession Accelerates as Authoritarian Trend Deepens, WJP Index Finds [Press release]. https://worldjusticeproject.org/news/wjp-rule-law-index-2025-global-press-release 5. World Economic Forum. (2025b). Chief Economists Outlook. https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Chief_Economists_ Outlook_September_2025.pdf 6. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (2025, September). Global Trade Update. https:// unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ditcinf2025d7_en.pdf 7. Evenett, Simon J. (2024, November 19). Tariff Scenarios for 2025: Triggers and Fallout for Trade & FDI (Zeitgeist Series Briefing 45). Global Trade Alert. https://www.globaltradealert.org/reports/ 8. Hopewell, Kristen. (2025). Unravelling of the trade legal order: enforcement, defection and the crisis of the WTO dispute settlement system. International Affairs, 101(3), 1103–1117. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaf055 9. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (2025, November 13). Thirty-second Report on G20 Investment Measures. https://unctad.org/ system/files/official-document/unctad_oecd2025d32_en.pdf 10. Aldasoro, Iñaki, Aquilina, Matteo, Lewrick, Ulf, & Lim, Sang Hyuk. (2025, July 11). Stablecoin growth – policy challenges and approaches (BIS Bulletin No. 108). Bank for International Settlements (BIS). https://www.bis.org/publ/bisbull108.pdf 11. Standard Chartered. (2025, October 6). Stablecoins – Implications for EM. https://www.sc.com/en/uploads/sites/66/ content/docs/SC-CIB-Stablecoins-and-EM.pdf 12. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2025, May 21). Critical Minerals Policy Tracker. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/ data-tools/critical-minerals-policy-tracker 13. Dunn Cavelty, Myriam, Grgić, Gorana, Möckli, Daniel, Perović, Jeronim, Schepers, Névine, & Singh, Michael. (2025). Strategic Trends 2025: Key Developments in Global Affairs. ETH Zurich, Centre for Security Studies. https://css.ethz.ch/ content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/pdfs/ST2025-01-DM.pdf 14. Institute for Economics and Peace (2025). Global Peace Index 2025. https://www.visionofhumanity.org/wp-content/ uploads/2025/06/Global-Peace-Index-2025-web.pdf 15. Fund for Peace. (2024). Fragile States Index Annual Report 2024. https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-content/ uploads/2025/02/FSI-2024-Report-A-World-Adrift-2.pdf 16. Ibid. 17. Shahid, Rudabeh, Dhungel, Nischal, & De Silva, Shakthi. (2025, September 19). The economic roots of Nepal’s uprising—and what it means for the region. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/the- economic-roots-of-nepals-uprising-and-what-it-means-for-the-region/ 18. World Justice Project, 2025. 19. World Economic Forum, 2025f. 20. World Justice Project, 2025. 21. Ibid. 22. World Economic Forum in collaboration with Oliver Wyman, 2025. 23. Fund for Peace, 2024. 24. Newman, Nic, Arguedas, Amy Ross, Robertson, Craig T., Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis, & Fletcher, Richard. (2025). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2025. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/ sites/default/files/2025-06/Digital_News-Report_2025.pdf 25. Ibid. 26. Ibid. 27. Simon, Felix, Nielson, Rasmus Kleis, & Fletcher, Richard. (2025, October 7). Generative AI and news report 2025: How people think about AI’s role in journalism and society. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. https://reutersinstitute. politics.ox.ac.uk/generative-ai-and-news-report-2025-how-people-think-about-ais-role-journalism-and-society#header--7 28. Newman, et al., 2025. Global Risks Report 2026 68