Industrial Transformation in ASEAN A Cluster-Driven Model for Regional and Global Collaboration 2026

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1. World Economic Forum. (n.d.). Transitioning Industrial Clusters. https://initiatives.weforum.org/transitioning-industrial- clusters/home. 2. World Economic Forum. (2024). Net-Zero Industry Tracker: 2024 Edition. https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Net_ Zero_Industry_Tracker_2024.pdf. 3. World Economic Forum. (n.d.). Transitioning Industrial Clusters. https://initiatives.weforum.org/transitioning-industrial- clusters/home. 4. European Commission. (2024). JRC Science for Policy Report: GHG Emissions of All World Countries. https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/booklet/GHG_emissions_of_all_world_countries_booklet_2024report.pdf. 5. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). (2024). ASEAN key figures 2024, pp. 3. https://asean.org/wp-content/ uploads/2025/02/ASEAN-Key-Figures-2024.pdf. 6. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). (2024). ASEAN matters: Epicentrum of Growth, pp. 18. asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/FIN_ASEAN-Annual-Report-2023-June-December-Epub.pdf. 7. Global Energy Monitor. (2024). A Race to the Top: Southeast Asia 2024. https://globalenergymonitor.org/wp-content/ uploads/2024/01/GEM_Race-To-The-Top_SE-Asia-2024.pdf. 8. Tan, S. (2025). The IEA’s Regional Cooperation Centre is working to strengthen Southeast Asia’s energy future. International Energy Agency (IEA). https://www.iea.org/commentaries/the-ieas-regional-cooperation-centre-is-working-to-strengthen- southeast-asias-energy-future. 9. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2024). Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2024-P8. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/ assets/ac357b64-0020-421c-98d7-f5c468dadb0f/SoutheastAsiaEnergyOutlook2024.pdf. 10. ADB. (2025). Economic Forecasts for Asia and the Pacific: April 2025. https://www.adb.org/outlook/editions/april-2025. 11. Bocca, R. and A. Marcellus. (2025). What happened at the Energy Transition Meeting in ASEAN. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2025/06/asean-energy-transition-meeting/. 12. Ock, L. (2025). Op-ed: Redefining energy security in Southeast Asia. New Climate Institute. https://newclimate.org/news/ op-ed-redefining-energy-security-in-southeast-asia-renewables-not-fossil-gas-are-key-to-net. 13. Ember Energy. (2023). ASEAN’s clean power pathways: 2024 insights. https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/asean- insights-2024/power-sector-2023/. 14. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2024). Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2024. iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ ac357b64-0020-421c-98d7-f5c468dadb0f/SoutheastAsiaEnergyOutlook2024.pdf. 15. Wood Mackenzie. (2025, 04 May). Natural gas demand to outpace oil and coal in Southeast Asia as region targets 30% share by 2050 [Press release]. https://www.woodmac.com/press-releases/sea-gas--lng-demand-2025/. 16. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE). (2025). ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (APAEC). https://aseanenergy.org/ wp-content/uploads/2025/10/APAEC-2026-2030.pdf. 17. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2024). Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2024. https://www.iea.org/reports/southeast- asia-energy-outlook-2024/executive-summary. 18. Wahyono, A.D., Wiratama, P . & Suryadi, B. (2023). Growing Momentum of LTMS-PIP and Its Impact on Regional Integration. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE). https://aseanenergy.org/post/growing-momentum-of-ltms-pip-and-its- impact-on-regional-integration. 19. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE). (2024). 8th ASEAN Energy Outlook-P7. https://aseanenergy.org/wp-content/ uploads/2024/09/8th-ASEAN-Energy-Outlook.pdf 20. Ibid. 21. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2024). Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2024-P17&P55. https://iea.blob.core.windows. net/assets/ac357b64-0020-421c-98d7-f5c468dadb0f/SoutheastAsiaEnergyOutlook2024.pdf. 22. World Bank. (n.d.). World Development Indicators Table 4.2. https://wdi.worldbank.org/table/4.2. 23. Chua, S. G., & Yap, K. (2024). Regenerative manufacturing: Unlocking growth in Southeast Asia through design and AI. Singapore Economic Development Board. https://www.edb.gov.sg/en/business-insights/insights/regenerative- manufacturing-unlocking-growth-in-southeast-asia-through-design-and-ai.html. 24. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2024). Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2024-P54&P63. https://iea.blob.core.windows. net/assets/ac357b64-0020-421c-98d7-f5c468dadb0f/SoutheastAsiaEnergyOutlook2024.pdf. 25. EMBER. (2025). The Electrotech Revolution-P36. https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2025/09/Slidedeck-The- Electrotech-Revolution-PDF.pdf. 26. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2022). Asia Pacific - Countries & Regions. [CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, regional ranking table, 2022]. https://www.iea.org/regions/asia-pacific/emissions - how-much-co2-do-countries-in-asia-pacific-emit. 27. US Geological Survey. (2025). Mineral Commodity Summaries. https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2025/mcs2025.pdf.Endnotes Industrial Transformation in ASEAN: A Cluster-Driven Model for Regional and Global Collaboration 37
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