Intelligent Transport Greener Future 2025

Endnotes 1 Tinnes, E et al. (2024). Decarbonizing logistics: Charting the path ahead. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey. com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/decarbonizing-logistics-charting-the-path-ahead. 2 Sources: –International Transport Forum (ITF). (2023). ITF Transport Outlook 2023. OECD Publishing, Paris. https://www.itf-oecd. org/itf-transport-outlook-2023. –Jaramillo, P et al. (2022). Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. IPCC. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/ wg3/chapter/chapter-10/. –United Nations Climate Change. (2023). New analysis of national climate plans: Insufficient progress made, COP28 must set stage for immediate action. https://unfccc.int/news/new-analysis-of-national-climate-plans-insufficient- progress-made-cop28-must-set-stage-for-immediate. 3 International Transport Forum (ITF). (2023). ITF Transport Outlook 2023. OECD Publishing, Paris. https://www.itf-oecd. org/itf-transport-outlook-2023. 4 International Transport Forum (ITF). (2023). ITF Transport Outlook 2023. OECD Publishing, Paris. https://www.itf-oecd. org/itf-transport-outlook-2023. Note: the range cited (transportation sector being responsible for 16-25% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions) can vary between sources due to scoping and measurement framework variables. For example, some sources may include only direct emissions from vehicles (tailpipe emissions) while others might include indirect emissions, such as those from fuel production (e.g. refining and transportation of petroleum attributed to transportation demand). Additionally, sources can use different emission factors for the same activity or fuel type, resulting in slight discrepancies between sectoral level emission contributions. 5 Sources: –McKinsey. (2024). Global energy perspective. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/energy-and-materials/our- insights/global-energy-perspective. –International Energy Agency (IEA). (2023). Transport. https://www.iea.org/energy-system/transport. –Jaramillo, P et al. (2022). Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. IPCC. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/ wg3/chapter/chapter-10/. 6 Tinnes, E et al. (2024). Decarbonizing logistics: Charting the path ahead. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey. com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/decarbonizing-logistics-charting-the-path-ahead. 7 Based on analysis of company reports and S&P Capital IQ data for the period 2012 to 2022, accessed October 2023. 8 Greene, S. (2024). Freight Transportation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Climate Portal. https://climate.mit. edu/explainers/freight-transportation. 9 Greene, S. (2024). Freight Transportation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Climate Portal. https://climate.mit. edu/explainers/freight-transportation. 10 American Transportation Research Institute (ATRI). (2024). New Research Documents Substantial Financial and Safety Impacts from Truck Driver Detention. https://truckingresearch.org/2024/09/new-research-documents-substantial- financial-and-safety-impacts-from-truck-driver-detention/. 11 Greene, S. (2024). Freight Transportation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Climate Portal. https://climate.mit. edu/explainers/freight-transportation. 12 Sources: –United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2024). Learn about idling reduction technologies (IRTs) for trucks and school buses. https://www.epa.gov/verified-diesel-tech/learn-about-idling-reduction-technologies-irts-trucks- and-school-buses. –International Energy Agency (IEA). (2024). Estonia: Total CO2 emissions from energy. https://www.iea.org/countries/ estonia/emissions. 13 Karimipour, H et al. (2021). Routing on-road heavy vehicles for alleviating greenhouse gas emissions. Science Direct: Cleaner Engineering and Technology. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790821002858. 14 Tiseo, I. (2024). Greenhouse gas emissions from medium and heavy-duty trucks in the United States from 1990 to 2022. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1120519/us-med-heavy-trucks-vehicle-ghg-emissions/ . 15 Lyngaas, C. (2024). How AI is helping Alaska Airlines plan better flight routes and lower emissions. Alaska Airlines. https:// news.alaskaair.com/sustainability/how-ai-is-helping-alaska-airlines-plan-better-flight-routes-and-lower-emissions/. 16 DHL. (2020). Why this smart route optimization is making logistics greener. https://www.dhl.com/global-en/delivered/ sustainability/route-optimization-algorithm.html. 17 Mohammadnazar, A et al. (2014). Assessing driving behavior influence on fuel efficiency using machine-learning and drive-cycle simulations. Science Direct: Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Volume 126. https:// www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361920923004224. Intelligent Transport, Greener Future: AI as a Catalyst to Decarbonize Global Logistics 31