Spatial coverage and zone delineation11 Pursuant to Madrid 360, there are three official LEZs operating in the city, each with its own specific rules and requirements. Enforcement and compliance To ensure LEZ compliance, fixed cameras at key points throughout the city capture licence plates and automatically check badges. Documented violations trigger fines or warnings.12 Telematic enforcement started in late 2021 in Centro. Plaza Elíptica had a soft launch before fines began in February 2022, while the city-wide LEZ is currently undergoing a soft launch with warnings being issued until January 2026. Unauthorized access is a traffic infraction with a €200 fine, while non-payment can lead to further penalties.13 To ensure clear communication with the public, outreach includes a web portal and app for checking access, plus informational campaigns. Street signs are labelled in all areas.14 Financial incentives and support Madrid integrates municipal, regional and national subsidies to support and incentivize the transition to low-emission transport. The city’s Cambia 360 programme (€117 million since 2019) works in tandem with the regional Plan Mueve Madrid (€8.5 million through 2026) and the national MOVES III scheme. Together, these provide up to €7,000 for the purchase of a new electric vehicle (and up to €9,000 for commercial vans) when an old, high-emission vehicle is scrapped. ECO-labelled vehicles are also eligible for lower-tier incentives.15 Vehicle owners may also be able to claim certain tax deductions on purchase of a low-emissions vehicle. Private and commercial infrastructure is subsidized for up to 40% of installation costs, and taxis-owners transitioning to zero-emissions or hydrogen vehicles can access grants of up to €20,000. As an alternative to straight vehicle replacement, support extends to micromobility, with grants of €600 to €1,500 available for electric bicycles, scooters and pedal-assisted cycles.16 Residents may also opt for a three-year public transport pass.17 Eligibility is conditioned on local residency, vehicle registration and tax compliance, with applications processed via authorized dealerships or regional digital platforms.18 LEZ Coverage Vehicle restrictions Exemptions City-wide LEZ Entire municipality of Madrid. –Label A: Prohibited from entering. –Label B, C, ECO and Zero: Free circulation allowed.Exceptions apply for vehicles used by persons with reduced mobility, antique or emergency vehicles, and others exceptionally authorized under the Mobility Ordinance (e.g. hospital care or mandatory technical inspection vehicles). Currently, a notice period is valid and allows the transit of certain label A vehicles until 31 December 2025. ZBEDEP Madrid’s central district. –Label A: Prohibited from entering. –Label B and C: Access allowed only if the vehicle is to be parked in an authorized parking facility. –Light- and heavy-duty vehicles with a B label are not allowed to enter or circulate. –Label ECO and Zero: Free circulation allowed.B and C vehicles belonging to people and companies registered in the Centro district, as well as people with reduced mobility. And Label A vehicles belonging to people with reduced mobility and antique vehicles. ZBEDEP Area surrounding Plaza Elíptica, known for high pollution levels. –Label A: Prohibited from entering. –Label B, C, ECO and Zero: Free circulation allowed.Vehicles of people with reduced mobility, antique vehicles, firefighting and army vehicles.TABLE 1 Coverage, access rules and exemptions

Madrid 360 low emissions zone 2025