Nature Positive Role of the Mining and Metals Sector

23. Kucher, S. (2021, 25 October). Recent study reveals more than a third of global consumers are willing to pay more for sustainability as demand grows for environmentally-friendly alternatives. https://www.simon-kucher.com/en/who-we-are/ newsroom/recent-study-reveals-more-third-global-consumers-are-willing-pay-more. 24. Deloitte. (2022). The Deloitte Global 2022 Gen Z and Millennial Survey: Striving for balance, advocating for change. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/at/Documents/human-capital/at-gen-z-millennial-survey-2022.pdf . 25. McKinsey Sustainability. (2024). Corporate commitments to nature have evolved since 2022. https://www.mckinsey.com/ industries/agriculture/our-insights/corporate-commitments-to-nature-have-evolved-since-2022. 26. World Benchmarking Alliance. (2022). Nature is a blind spot for major companies despite its importance for their operations and people. https://www.worldbenchmarkingalliance.org/news/nature-benchmark-press-release-2022/. 27. Nature Positive Initiative. (2023). The Definition of Nature Positive. https://www.naturepositive.org/app/uploads/2024/02/The-Definition-of-Nature-Positive.pdf. 28. These actions have been developed in collaboration with leading organizations. They build on existing action frameworks and guidance, including the Natural Capital Protocol, the Science Based Targets Network’s Initial Guidance for Business, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development’s (WBCSD’s) building blocks on what nature-positive means to business, Business for Nature’s steps to become nature-positive and the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures’ (TNFD) framework: Business for Nature. (n.d.). High-level Business Actions on Nature. https://www.businessfornature.org/high-level-business-actions-on-nature. 29. Science Based Targets Network (SBTN). (n.d.). Unlocking insights and changing mindsets: what it is like to pioneer science- based targets for nature. https://sciencebasedtargetsnetwork.org/case-studies/initial-corporate-insights/ . 30. Includes iron, aluminium, copper and other non-ferrous metals, estimated based on the Global Material Flow Database. 31. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (2024). Global Resources Outlook 2024. https://www.unep.org/resources/Global-Resource-Outlook-2024. 32. World Economic Forum. (2023, 29 November). 4 breakthrough actions to decarbonize steelmaking. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/11/4-breakthrough-actions-to-decarbonize-steelmaking/. 33. Concentrated in less developed regions, primarily Africa and Asia. World Resources Institute (WRI) and UK Aid Direct. (2021). World Resources Report: Seven Transformations for More Equitable and Sustainable Cities. https://publications.wri.org/transformations-equitable-sustainable-cities/current-urbanization-global-south-realities. 34. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (2024). Global Resources Outlook 2024. https://www.unep.org/resources/Global-Resource-Outlook-2024. 35. Ranging from Sustainable Development Scenario to Net-Zero by 2050 Scenario. 36. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2021). The Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions. https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-critical-minerals-in-clean-energy-transitions. 37. Mining surface area estimate includes open cuts, tailings dams, waste rock dumps, water ponds, processing plants and other ground features related to the mining activities: Maus, V., Giljum, S., da Silva, D.M. et al. (2022). An update on global mining land use. Scientific Data, vol. 9, no. 433. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-022-01547-4; Wikipedia. (n.d.). Earth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth. 38. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (n.d.). Compare your country: Trade in Raw Materials – 2022 Edition. https://www.compareyourcountry.org/trade-in-raw-materials/en/0/ALL/all/default. 39. South African Government. (2022). Trade, Industry and Competition hosts Platinum Group Metals colloquium, 20 Oct. https://www.gov.za/news/media-advisories/government-activities/trade-industry-and-competition-hosts-platinum-group. 40. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2021). The Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions. https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-critical-minerals-in-clean-energy-transitions. 41. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2024). Share of top three producing countries in mining of selected minerals, 2022. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/share-of-top-three-producing-countries-in-mining-of-selected- minerals-2022. 42. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2021). The Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions. https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-critical-minerals-in-clean-energy-transitions. 43. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2024). Geographical distribution of refined material production for key energy transition minerals in the base case, 2023-2040. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/geographical-distribution-of-refined- material-production-for-key-energy-transition-minerals-in-the-base-case-2023-2040-2. 44. Luckeneder, S. et al. (2021). Surge in global metal mining threatens vulnerable ecosystems. Global Environmental Change, vol. 69. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378021000820. 45. International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) Foundation’s International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB). (n.d.). SASB Sustainable Industry Classification System (SICS). https://sasb.org/standards/download/. 46. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). (2024). The impact of deep-sea mining on biodiversity, climate and human cultures. https://www.iucn.nl/en/news/the-impact-of-deep-sea-mining-on-biodiversity-climate-and-human- cultures/#note17574512. World Economic Forum. (2022). Decision-Making on Deep-Sea Mineral Stewardship: A Supply Chain Perspective. https://www.weforum.org/publications/decision-making-on-deep-sea-mineral-stewardship-a-supply- chain-perspective/. Nature Positive: Role of the Mining and Metals Sector 61