Nature Related Sustainable Finance in China 2025

Appendix A Analysis of coverage of sustainable finance policies and nature-related issues in China, Europe, Japan and the US Dimension country/regionChina Europe Japan USA Sustainable finance infrastructureWell-developed framework including planning, taxonomies and standards; the five main nature-related topics are covered; focus is mainly on climate, resources and pollution.Well-developed framework including planning, taxonomies and standards; five main nature topics covered; climate change prioritized but strong emphasis on resource use and invasive species management.Relatively developed framework including planning and standards; main focus on climate.Relatively developed framework including planning; main focus on climate.Finance ecosystemAsset ownersLack of unified regulations for asset owners in ESG, while some initiatives are developed.ESG integration (particularly climate issues) explicitly mandated in insurance and pension funds’ investment guidelines.Required to consider ESG and long-term value in pension funds.ESG is partially required in state-level pension funds instead of federal- level; focus on climate change. Asset managersEnvironmental disclosures required; environmental stress test pilots encouraged; focus on climate, resource efficiency, pollution.Sustainability disclosures mandated; climate and environmental stress tests widespread; climate, resource use, biodiversity covered.ESG integrated in fiduciary duties; no detailed nature requirements.ESG fiduciary duties emphasized; anti- greenwashing disclosures required. Investee companiesESG disclosure mandated for some listed companies, following ISSB framework; all five main nature topics covered.ESG disclosure mandated for companies above a designated size; five main nature topics covered.Mandatory ESG disclosure for some listed companies following ISSB framework; main focus on climate topics; partial focus on ecological topics.Climate disclosure voluntary. * Methodology: The methodology for this analysis draws primarily on the framework used by the International Institute of Green Finance (IIGF)48 and incorporates the policy analysis approach outlined in the World Bank’s report “Mobilizing Private Finance for Nature”. Source: IIGF analysis. 24