Contributors Co-Chairs Børge Brende President and CEO, World Economic Forum Arancha González Laya Dean, Paris School of International Affairs (PSIA), Sciences Po Mark Leonard Director, European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) Members Mattias Åström Chief Executive Officer, evroc Mark Boris Andrijanič Vice President, Kumo AI Laurence Boone Former Secretary of State for European Affairs, France (2022–2024) Anu Bradford Professor of Law, Columbia Law School Carl Bildt Co-Chair, European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu Member of the Grand National Assembly, Türkiye João Cravinho Former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Portugal (2022– 2024); University of Coimbra Agathe Demarais Senior Policy Fellow, European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) Nikola Dimitrov Former Deputy Prime Minister for European Integration, North Macedonia (2020–2022) Mirek Dušek Managing Director, World Economic Forum José Luis Escrivá Governor of the Central Bank of SpainTanja Fajon Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign and European Affairs, Slovenia Alexander Gabuev Director, Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center Jan Goetz Chief Executive Officer and Founder, IQM Quantum Computers Pekka Haavisto Member of Parliament (Eduskunta), Former Minister for Foreign Affairs (2019–2023), Finland Pablo Hernández de Cos Former Governor of the Central Bank of Spain (2018–2024) Sigrid Kaag Senior Humanitarian and Reconstruction Coordinator for Gaza, United Nations Ivan Krastev Chairman, Centre for Liberal Strategies Angus Lapsley Assistant Secretary General for Defence Policy and Planning, NATO Miroslav Lajčák Special Representative of the European Union for the Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue and Western Balkans Philip Meissner Founder and Director, European Center for Digital Competitiveness Cecilia Malmström Non-Resident Senior Fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics Eva Maydell Member of the European Parliament Daniel Pacthod Senior Partner, McKinsey & Company Katarzyna Pisarska Chairwoman of the Council, The Casimir Pulaski Foundation Jean Pisani-Ferry Professor of Economics and Public Management, Hertie SchoolHigh-Level Group on European Strategic Interdependence Open but Secure: Europe’s Path to Strategic Interdependence 25

Open but Secure Europe%E2%80%99s Path to Strategic Interdependence 2025