CASE STUDY 2 Collaboration with Takeda 1. In 2023, the Government of the Republic of Serbia and Takeda signed an MoU under the umbrella of the BIO4 Campus initiative. The agreement outlined collaboration on the project, which harnesses AI for the early diagnosis of rare diseases in Serbia (with Fabry disease selected as a pilot case).31 The goal is to reduce diagnostic complexity and shorten the time to accurate diagnosis using advanced AI tools.32 2. Under the European Health Data Space Regulation (EHDS) initiative, Serbia collaborated with the European Institute of Innovation and Technology and Takeda to organize the EHDS Morning Health Talk in Belgrade. The workshop served as a platform to explore Serbia’s alignment with EHDS standards and the future implementation of health data exchanges with the European Union.33 A white paper outlining a roadmap for health data governance, secondary use of data and digital literacy in Serbia will also be published. CASE STUDY 3 Collaboration with Roche 1. The Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Project: Led by the Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE) in partnership with Roche and seven public clinical institutions, this project investigates the impact of NSCLC on patient outcomes. The project includes a retrospective analysis of genetic associations and secure data handling through pseudonymization, and aims to build national capacity in next-generation sequencing via public- private partnerships.34 2. Open Data Institute (ODI) workshop: The Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution Serbia organized a workshop on the data-sharing ecosystem for health in Belgrade in collaboration with ODI, with the support of Roche Serbia. The workshop focused on the value of health and genetic data, with examples from Finland, Denmark and Singapore, and explored how Serbia can adopt similar models.35 –Prompted by their roundtable with the Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution Serbia, ODI conducted research and published a report in December 2023. This work defines strategic objectives and next steps.36 3. Revolutionizing Innovative Strategies for Emerging Leaders in Healthcare (RISE) Academy: This initiative is designed to equip young physicians with skills essential for 21st-century healthcare. The curriculum integrates scientific training, leadership development and digital health management, offering a comprehensive foundation for emerging medical leaders.37 Pathways to Bioeconomy and Bioconvergence 13

Pathways to Bioeconomy and Bioconvergence Perspectives from Serbia and Israel 2025