CASE STUDY 11 Untappable multi-user communications network at the Port of Rotterdam As one of the world’s largest logistics hubs, the Port of Rotterdam handles nearly 500 million tons of cargo annually and contributes over 8% to the Dutch gross domestic product (GDP). Ensuring secure and uninterrupted operations is imperative for its extensive network of manufacturers, logistics providers and supply chain partners. Recognizing the possible vulnerabilities of conventional data security methods, especially considering emerging quantum computing threats, the port partnered with Dutch connectivity provider Eurofiber to pilot a quantum-secured fibre-optic network based on next generation QKD technology. The trial connected a central data hub to several regional users via classical fibre, spanning up to 70 km in the port area. It successfully demonstrated uninterrupted, secure, real-time data exchange across the network, even under simulated cyberattacks without disrupting existing workflows or requiring extensive retraining. Quantum communication across high-quality terrestrial fibre makes it impossible for nefarious states or cybercriminals to penetrate the network. The network’s architecture supports seamless integration with classical networks and allows rapid onboarding of new users, a key advantage for dynamic port operations. The trial also demonstrated that QKD can be effectively deployed within a 200 km radius, offering a reliable model for operational resilience in the port area. By prioritizing secure communications, the Port of Rotterdam has set a new standard for supply chain resilience, offering a replicable model for other ports, logistics hubs and critical infrastructure worldwide.30Quantum security and communicationsEarly quantum technology case studies (non-exhaustive) across supply chains (continued) 19 Quantum Technologies: Key Opportunities for Advanced Manufacturing and Supply Chains

Quantum Technologies Key Opportunities for Advanced Manufacturing and Supply Chains 2025