Experimental examples TABLE 4 Use case examples End user Ecosystem partner Protein folding prediction Cleveland Clinic IBM Photodynamic property modelling Cleveland Clinic Algorithmiq, IBM Stage 4: Theoretical readiness (10+ years) Table 5 contains some transformative but longer- term applications. These examples remain theoretical, requiring breakthroughs in fault-tolerant hardware and scalable algorithms to be business-ready. With long-term investment, however, success could fundamentally reshape how therapies are designed, tested and approved.Actionable items to enable theoretical readiness –Invest in exploratory research consortia. –Define data-sharing and ethical frameworks that anticipate future capabilities. –Begin horizon-scanning with regulators to avoid bottlenecks when breakthroughs arrive. First-mover advantage: Redefine therapeutic frontiers and create a unique advantage when full-scale quantum modelling becomes possible. Theoretical examples TABLE 5 Use case examples End user Ecosystem partner Predictive toxicology modelling Yale University, Purdue University, Tokyo Tech IBM Biological simulation of treatment responsesCleveland Clinic IBMStage 3: Experimental readiness (6–10 years) A second wave of applications is progressing from proof-of-concept towards maturity, including the use case examples in Table 4. These examples are not yet enterprise-ready, but active pilots are demonstrating technical feasibility. Stakeholders who invest now can shape benchmarks, data standards and infrastructure integration, ensuring they capture the upside when these technologies move to production.Actionable items to enable experimental readiness –Establish joint industry and academic research to validate performance on real datasets. –Build hybrid workflows that anticipate future integration with HPC/AI pipelines. –Develop workforce skills around quantum- classical simulation synergies. First-mover advantage: shorten routes to adoption, enhance the ability to shape market expectations and build defensible positions. Quantum Technologies: Strategic Imperatives for Health and Healthcare Leaders 12

Quantum Technologies Strategic Imperatives for Health and Healthcare Leaders 2025