Appendix APPENDIXLow-carbon technologies – policy developments, industry examples and momentum by sectorTABLE 6 Efficiency and digital solutions Sector Policy development Industry example AviationICAO targets 2% annual fuel-efficiency improvements until 205096Mechanical (aerodynamics) and AI-based route and engine optimization by airlines and original equipment manufacturers97 CementDigitalization encouraged through national energy- efficiency schemes9845% of cement factories using predictive analytics for quality control99 Steel N/AAutomation of welding and cutting improves safety and productivity100 TruckingFleet digitization incentives under the EU Smart Mobility Package101Cloud-based fleet management (Tow4Tech) for dispatch optimization102 Aluminium N/AVedanta Aluminium using AI and industrial internet of things (IIoT) for energy, inventory, and demand optimization103 ShippingIMO digitalization agenda supports data-driven voyage optimization104Real-time internet of things (IoT)-based fleet management and predictive maintenance105 Oil and gas N/APetrolink’s PetroVue and PetroVault platforms for real-time drilling optimization106 Chemicals N/AEvonik using generative AI for polymer R&D and process optimization107 Hydrogen Sector Policy development Industry example AviationEU Clean Aviation Joint Undertaking supports hydrogen propulsion R&D108Airbus and MTU Aero Engines developing hydrogen fuel cell propulsion systems109 CementNorway’s hydrogen roadmap includes industrial integration110Heidelberg Materials building 30-megawatt electrolyser for green hydrogen111 TruckingIndia’s National Green Hydrogen Mission supports heavy-duty hydrogen vehicles112Adani launched India’s first hydrogen mining truck with a 200km range113 Aluminium N/ANovelis used hydrogen to power recycling furnace (United Kingdom, 2025)114 ChemicalsIndia incentivizes hydrogen for ammonia production, totalling over INR 1,500 billion (Indian rupees) (approximately $170 million) under the National Green Hydrogen mission115Green hydrogen-based ammonia production pilots expanding116 Scaling the Industrial Transition: Hard-to-Abate Sectors and Net-Zero Progress in 2025 24

Scaling the Industrial Transition 2025