Endnotes 1. Runde, D. F., Murphy, E. L., & Bryja, T. (2024). Safeguarding subsea cables: Protecting cyber infrastructure amid great power competition. Center for Strategic and International Studies. https://www.csis.org/analysis/safeguarding-subsea-cables-protecting-cyber-infrastructure- amid-great-power-competition 2. Srivathsan, B., Sorel, M., & Sachdeva, P . (2024). AI power: Expanding data center capacity to meet growing demand. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/technology-media-and-telecommunications/our-insights/ai-power-expanding-data-center-capacity-to- meet-growing-demand 3. ID.me. (n.d.). IRS and ID.me. https://help.id.me/hc/en-us/articles/8214940302999-IRS-and-ID-me 4. e-Estonia. (n.d.). ID-card. https://e-estonia.com/solutions/estonian-e-identity/id-card/ 5. Hughes, A., Shandhi, M. H. H., Master, H., Dunn, J., & Brittain, E. (2023). Wearable devices in cardiovascular medicine. Circulation Research, 132(5), 652–670. 6. CLEAR. (n.d.). Which biometrics does CLEAR capture? https://www.clearme.com/support/which-biometrics-does-clear-capture 7. Be My Eyes. (n.d.). Be My Eyes for Smart Glasses. https://www.bemyeyes.com/be-my-eyes-smartglasses 8. Cloud Security Alliance. (2025, March 11). Agentic AI identity management approach. Cloud Security Alliance. https://cloudsecurityalliance. org/blog/2025/03/11/agentic-ai-identity-management-approach 9. Stadler, C. (2024). M-Pesa: Why the world’s first large mobile payment platform keeps on winning. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/ christianstadler/2024/06/11/m-pesa-why-the-worlds-first-large-mobile-payment-platform-keeps-on-winning 10. Raj, D. (2024). India’s Unified Payments Interface has revolutionized its digital payments market. Cornell University. https://business.cornell. edu/hub/2024/12/20/indias-unified-payments-interface-has-revolutionized-its-digital-payments-market/ 11. PYMNTS. (2025). Nearly half of consumers use digital wallets for bill payments globally. https://www.pymnts.com/digital-payments/2025/ nearly-half-of-consumers-use-digital-wallets-for-bill-payments-globally 12. Capital One Shopping. (2025). Digital wallet statistics (2025): Users, growth rate & trends. https://capitaloneshopping.com/research/digital- wallet-statistics 13. Juniper Research. (2024). Digital Wallets Market 2024–2029. https://www.juniperresearch.com/research/fintech-payments/core-payments/ digital-wallet-research-report 14. PR Newswire. (2024). International Telecommunication Union and Linux Foundation announce intent to launch the OpenWallet Forum. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/international-telecommunication-union-and-linux-foundation-announce-intent-to-launch-the- openwallet-forum-302156383.htmlTim Roberts Partner & Managing Director, UK Country Co-Leader, AlixPartners Nilmini Rubin Chief Policy Officer, Hedera Hashgraph Luis Felipe Salin Monteiro Global Vice-President, Government Affairs, Acesso Digital Tecnologia da Informação Ian Slater Executive Vice-President, Mastercard Trisha Tan Vice-President, Strategic Growth, Mastercard Tan Kok Yam Chief Executive Officer, SkillsFuture SingaporePiotr Trabinski Market Strategist, Macroeconomics, Google Ethan Veneklasen Head of Advocacy and Communications, ID2020 Priya Vora Chief Executive Officer, DIAL Larry Wade Senior Director, Crypto/BC Risk & Compliance, PayPal Royce Wee Director, Department of Communications & Connectivity & Department of Data Protection, NEOM Company Robby Yung Chief Executive Officer, Animoca Brands

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