Travel and Tourism at a Turning Point 2025

Endnotes 1. World Travel & Tourism Council. (2024). Travel and tourism economic impact 2024. https://researchhub.wttc.org/product/ economic-impact-report-global-trends 2. Data shared with the authors by Tourism Economics – Oxford Economics Company. (2024). Global travel service. https://www.oxfordeconomics.com/service/subscription-services/travel-tourism/global-travel-service/ 3. Total contribution to GDP: GDP generated directly by T&T plus the indirect and induced contributions. Indirect contribution: the contribution of capital investment, government collective spending and supply chain effects (purchases of domestic goods and services directly by different industries within T&T). Induced contribution: the broader contribution to GDP of spending by those directly or indirectly employed by T&T. 4. World Travel & Tourism Council. (2024). Travel and tourism economic impact 2024. https://researchhub.wttc.org/product/ economic-impact-report-global-trends 5. World Travel & Tourism Council. (n.d.). Tourism data and statistics. Retrieved May 15, 2025, from: https://wttc.org/ research/economic-impact/tourism-data-statistics-regions-countries 6. UN Tourism – processed by Our World in Data. (2024). Share of GDP from tourism. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/ tourism-gdp-proportion-of-total-gdp 7. World Travel & Tourism Council. (2022). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact Research (EIR). https://wttc.org/Portals/0/ Documents/Reports/2023/WTTC-Cities-Economic-Impact-Final.pdf 8. Ibid. 9. Asean All. (2025, March 13). Thailand reveals the 10 provinces with the highest income from tourism in 2024. https://www.aseanall.com/news/9535.html 10. Koumelis, T. (2024, September 16). Phuket overtourism: The world’s most overcrowded destination and its struggle for sustainability. Travel Daily News. https://www.traveldailynews.asia/destinations/phuket-overtourism-the-worlds-most- overcrowded-destination-and-its-struggle-for-sustainability/ 11. Morgan, A. (2023, December 6). Isaan illuminates: Thai govt sparks tourism surge in the northeast for economic radiance. The Thaiger. https://thethaiger.com/news/business/thailands-northeast-region-isaan-poised-to-become- new-tourism-hotspot 12. World Travel & Tourism Council. (2024).Travel and tourism economic impact 2024. https://researchhub.wttc.org/product/ economic-impact-report-global-trends 13. World Travel & Tourism Council. (2025, April 9). World Travel & Tourism economic impact 2025 factsheet. https://researchhub.wttc.org/product/factsheet-world-travel-tourism-economic-impact-research 14. UN Tourism. (2025, April 4). Global and regional tourism performance. UN Tourism data dashboard. https://www.unwto. org/tourism-data/global-and-regional-tourism-performance 15. Barrell, S. (2023, July 28). The rise of wellness travel, from rewilding to yoga and pilgrimages. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/wellness-travel-rewilding-yoga-pilgrimages 16. Skopeliti, C. (2024, July 2). “My escape is going north”: Heatwaves begin to drive tourists in Europe to cool climes. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/travel/article/2024/jul/02/my-escape-is-going-north-heatwaves-begin-to-drive- tourists-in-europe-to-cool-climes 17. Kearney. (2024). In the mind of global travelers: How travelers’ evolving expectations are reshaping tourism. https://www.kearney.com/industry/transportation-travel/article/in-the-mind-of-global-travelers-how-travelers-evolving- expectations-are-reshaping-tourism 18. Aside from or not including the Hamas–Israel or Ukraine–Russia conflicts. 19. UN Tourism. (2025, January 20). World tourism barometer. https://www.unwto.org/un-tourism-world-tourism- barometer-data 20. Ibid. 21. Bianchi, R. V., & Milano, C. (2024). Polycrisis and the metamorphosis of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 104, 103731. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160738324000082 22. World Travel & Tourism Council. (2024). Travel and tourism economic impact 2024. https://researchhub.wttc.org/product/ economic-impact-report-global-trends 23. Data shared with the authors by Tourism Economics – Oxford Economics Company. (2024). Global travel service. https://www.oxfordeconomics.com/service/subscription-services/travel-tourism/global-travel-service/ 24. World Travel & Tourism Council. (2024). Travel and tourism economic impact 2024. https://researchhub.wttc.org/product/ economic-impact-report-global-trends 25. Ibid. Travel and Tourism at a Turning Point: Principles for Transformative Growth 40