Unlocking Asia-Pacific as a First Mover 2025

Endnotes 1. Australian Government. (2025, 30 June). Australia’s resources and energy exports set to soften amid trade uncertainties [Press release]. https://www.industry.gov.au/news/australias-resources-and-energy-exports-set-soften-amid-trade- uncertainties. 2. Climate Energy Finance. (2024). Green Metal Statecraft: Forging Australia’s Green Iron Industry. https://climateenergyfinance.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CEF_Green-Metal-Statecraft_FINAL.pdf. 3. Climate Energy Finance. (2024). Green Metal Statecraft: Forging Australia’s Green Iron Industry. https://climateenergyfinance.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CEF_Green-Metal-Statecraft_FINAL.pdf. 4. Department of Industry, Science and Resources and Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Australian Government. (2025). Industry Sector Plan September 2025. https://www.industry.gov.au/sites/default/ files/2025-09/disr-industry-sector-plan.pdf. 5. BCG Situational Analysis (unpublished, 2025), citing: The Superpower Institute. (2025). A Green Iron plan for Australia: Securing prosperity in a decarbonizing world. https://www.superpowerinstitute.com.au/work/green-iron-plan. 6. Sources: – Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australian Government. (2025). AUSTRALIA’S TOP 25 EXPORTS, GOODS & SERVICES (a). https://www.dfat.gov.au/sites/default/files/australias-goods-services-by-top-25-exports-2023-24.pdf . – Australian Government. (2025, 30 June). Australia’s resources and energy exports set to soften amid trade uncertainties [Press release]. https://www.industry.gov.au/news/australias-resources-and-energy-exports-set-soften- amid-trade-uncertainties. – Climate Energy Finance. (2024). Green Metal Statecraft: Forging Australia’s Green Iron Industry. https://climateenergyfinance.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CEF_Green-Metal-Statecraft_FINAL.pdf. – Finighan, R. (2024). The New Energy Trade: Harnessing Australian renewables for global development. The Superpower Institute. https://www.superpowerinstitute.com.au/resource/file-a33d23793920ba982511eebf0d69110fc2e 8f4c4-pdf/TSI_New-Energy-Trade_Exec-Summary_Nov19-2024.pdf. – Our World in Data. (2025). Share of global CO2 emissions. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-share-of-co2- emissions. 7. Sources: – Select Committee on the Impact of Climate Risk of Insurance Premiums and Availability, Parliament of Australia. (2025). Report / Chapter 2 - Impact of climate change and more frequent and severe natural disasters. https://www.aph. gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Impact_of_Climate_Risk_on_Insurance/ClimateRiskonInsurance/ Report/Chapter_2_-_Impact_of_climate_change_and_more_frequent_and_severe_natural_disasters. – Great Barrier Reef Foundation. (2025). Coral Bleaching. https://www.barrierreef.org/the-reef/threats/coral-bleaching. – Australian Climate Service, Australian Government. (2025). Australia’s first National Climate Risk Assessment. https://www.acs.gov.au/pages/national-climate-risk-assessment. 8. Select Committee on the Impact of Climate Risk of Insurance Premiums and Availability, Parliament of Australia. (2025). Report / Chapter 2 - Impact of climate change and more frequent and severe natural disasters. https://www.aph.gov.au/ Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Impact_of_Climate_Risk_on_Insurance/ClimateRiskonInsurance/Report/ Chapter_2_-_Impact_of_climate_change_and_more_frequent_and_severe_natural_disasters. 9. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2020). Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap. https://www.iea.org/reports/iron-and- steel-technology-roadmap. 10. Sources: – Global Energy Monitor. (2024). A matter of transparency: 2024 insights on the steel industry’s evolving commitments to reach Net Zero by 2050. https://globalenergymonitor.org/report/a-matter-of-transparency-2024-insights-on-the-steel- industrys-evolving-commitments-to-reach-net-zero-by-2050/. – World Steel. 2024: World Steel in Figures. https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/World-Steel-in-Figures-2024.pdf. 11. Center on Global Energy Policy at Columbia University, School of International and Public Affairs. (2021). Low-Carbon Production of Iron & Steel: Technology Options, Economic Assessment, and Policy. https://www.energypolicy.columbia. edu/publications/low-carbon-production-iron-steel-technology-options-economic-assessment-and-policy/. 12. Our World in Data. (2025). Share of global CO2 emissions. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-share-of-co2- emissions. 13. Finighan, R. (2024). The New Energy Trade: Harnessing Australian renewables for global development. The Superpower Institute. https://www.superpowerinstitute.com.au/resource/file-a33d23793920ba982511eebf0d69110fc2e8f4c4-pdf/ TSI_New-Energy-Trade_Exec-Summary_Nov19-2024.pdf. Unlocking Asia-Pacific as a First Mover: Australia’s Green Iron Opportunity 52