1. Sumsub. (2023). Sumsub Research: Global Deepfake Incidents Surge Tenfold from 2022 to 2023. https://sumsub.com/newsroom/sumsub-research-global- deepfake-incidents-surge-tenfold-from-2022-to-2023/. 2. Unit 42. (2025). False Face: Unit 42 Demonstrates the Alarming Ease of Synthetic Identity Creation. https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ north-korean-synthetic-identity-creation/. 3. Trend Micro. (2025). Deepfake It Till You Make It: A Comprehensive View of the New AI Criminal Toolset. https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/security/news/ cybercrime-and-digital-threats/deepfake-it-til-you- make-it-a-comprehensive-view-of-the-new-ai-criminal- toolset; Group-IB. (2024). Deepfake Fraud: How AI is Deceiving Biometric Security in Financial Institutions. https://www.group-ib.com/blog/deepfake-fraud/. 4. Cox, J. (2025). The Age of Realtime Deepfake Fraud Is Here. 404Media. https://www.404media.co/the-age- of-realtime-deepfake-fraud-is-here/; TRM Labs. (2025). Sextortion, deepfakes, and the financial infrastructure behind digital exploitation. https://www.trmlabs. com/resources/blog/sextortion-deepfakes-and-the- financial-infrastructure-behind-digital-exploitation. 5. Sensity. (2024). The State Of Deepfakes 2024. https://5865987.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/ hubfs/5865987/SODF%202024.pdf. 6. Semla. (2025). iGaming fraud up 73%. Deepfake & ID fraud escalate. https://www.getsemla.com/blog/ igaming-fraud-up-73-deepfake-id-fraud-escalate. 7. Hawkins, W., Russel, C. & Mittelstadt, B. (2025). Deepfakes on Demand: the rise of accessible non-consensual deepfake image generators. FAccT ‘25: Proceedings of the 2025 ACM COnference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. https://arxiv.org/html/2505.03859v1. 8. Payment Village. (n.d.). How I used deepfakes to bypass security verifications in a bank. https://www.paymentvillage.org/blog/how-i-used- deepfakes-to-bypass-security-verifications-in-a-bank. 9. Sift. (2025). Digital Trust Index Q2 2025: AI Fraud Data & Insights. https://sift.com/index-reports-ai-fraud-q2-2025/.10. Vincent, J. (2022). Liveness tests used by banks to verify ID are ‘extremely vulnerable’ to deepfake attacks. The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2022/5/18/23092964/ deepfake-attack-facial-recognition-liveness-test- banks-sensity-report; Cox, J. (2023). How I Broke Into a Bank Account With an AI-Generated Voice. Vice. https://www.vice.com/en/article/how-i-broke-into-a- bank-account-with-an-ai-generated-voice/. 11. TechRadar. (2025). Cybercriminals are deploying deepfake sentinels to test detection systems of businesses. https://www.techradar.com/pro/security/ cybercriminals-are-deploying-deepfake-sentinels- to-test-detection-systems-of-businesses-heres- what-you-need-to-know; Axonlabs. (2024). iBeta Liveness trends H1 2024. https://axonlabs.pro/ ibeta-liveness-trends-2024/. 12. During this process, device and network obfuscation such as emulators, virtual spaces, VPN, or hosting service may be used to defeat device-linkage and volume-based detection. 13. CATO Network. (2024). Cato CTRL Threat Research: ProKYC – Deepfake Tool for Account Fraud Attacks. https://www.catonetworks.com/blog/prokyc-selling- deepfake-tool-for-account-fraud-attacks/. 14. Veriff. (2025). Real‑time deepfake fraud in 2025: Fighting back against AI‑driven scams. https://www.veriff.com/identity-verification/news/real- time-deepfake-fraud-in-2025-fighting-back-against-ai- driven-scams. 15. TRM Labs. (2025). AI‑Enabled Fraud: How Scammers Are Exploiting Generative AI. https://www.trmlabs. com/resources/blog/ai-enabled-fraud-how-scammers- are-exploiting-generative-ai ; Group-IB. (2025). What Are Deepfakes? How to Detect Them. https://www. group-ib.com/resources/knowledge-hub/deepfakes/. 16. Carroll, M. (2025). Age verification tools on adult websites bypassed in seconds. Sky News. https://news.sky.com/story/hackers-prove-age- verification-systems-on-pornography-sites-can-be- bypassed-in-seconds-13401733.Endnotes Unmasking Cybercrime 22

Unmasking Cybercrime Strengthening Digital Identity Verification against Deepfakes 2026