Endnotes 1. Adrienne Arsht–Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center & Vivid Economics. (2021). Extreme heat: The economic and social consequences for the United States. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/ uploads/2021/08/Extreme-Heat-Report-2021.pdf 2. Mercer. (2025). Mitigating climate-driven health risks through innovation. https://www.mercer.com/insights/events/davos/ addressing-climates-impact-on-health-at-davos/ 3. Parametric insurance is a form of insurance that pays an agreed amount when a predefined event occurs or measurable index is met (e.g. rainfall levels, temperature measurements or earthquake magnitude), rather than by compensating based on assessed losses after the fact. 4. In supply-chain management, tiers describe how far a supplier is from the buying company. Tier 1 suppliers deliver directly to the company, Tier 2 suppliers provide goods or inputs to Tier 1, Tier 3 supply to Tier 2 and so on. Mapping supplier tiers helps organizations trace risks, responsibilities and impacts beyond their immediate partners. 5. World Economic Forum. (n.d.). CHAMPS: Climate and health action platform summary. Retrieved September 4, 2025, from https://initiatives.weforum.org/climate-and-health/champs 6. World Economic Forum. (2025, January 17). Insuring against extreme heat: Navigating risks in a warming world. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2025/01/insuring-extreme-heat-navigating-risks/ 7. World Economic Forum. (2025, January 17). Healthcare in a changing climate: Investing in resilient solutions. https://www.weforum.org/publications/healthcare-in-a-changing-climate-investing-in-resilient-solutions/ 8. World Economic Forum. (2024, September). Promoting health and well-being: Employer strategies for encouraging healthy weight and metabolic wellness. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Promoting_Health_and_Well_Being_2024.pdf 9. Hafner, M., et al. (2015). Health, wellbeing and productivity in the workplace: A Britain’s Healthiest Company summary report. RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1000/RR1084/RAND_ RR1084.pdf 10. De Neve, J.-E., Kaats, M., & Ward, G. (2023). Workplace wellbeing and firm performance. University of Oxford. https://doi.org/10.5287/ora-bpkbjayvk 11. International Labour Office. (2019). Safety and health at the heart of the future of work: Building on 100 years of experience. International Labour Organization. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_protect/@protrav/@ safework/documents/publication/wcms_687610.pdf 12. Roca, J., et al. (2025). Health interventions for the prevention of dehydration in agricultural workers exposed to heat stress: A systematic review. Healthcare, 13(11), 1232. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13111232 13. International Labour Office. (2019). Working on a warmer planet: The impact of heat stress on labour productivity and decent work. International Labour Organization. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@dgreports/@dcomm/@ publ/documents/publication/wcms_711919.pdf 14. Gu, Z., et al. (2022). Impact of employees’ workplace environment on employees’ performance: A multi-mediation model. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 890400. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.890400 15. Mercer. (2023). Health & benefit strategies for 2024: Survey report. https://www.mercer.com/en-us/insights/total-rewards/ employee-benefits-strategy/2024-benefit-strategies-report/ 16. Sustainability and Health Initiative for NetPositive Enterprise (SHINE), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. (2016). Shining a light on worker well-being: Ideas from the SHINE NetPositive Summit. https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/ shine/files/workerwellbeing.pdf 17. International Labour Organization. (2020). Improved working conditions in the apparel industry make workers’ lives better [Press release]. https://www.ilo.org/resource/news/improved-working-conditions-apparel-industry-make- workers%E2%80%99-lives-better-and 18. Brown, D., et al. (2016). The impact of Better Work: A joint program of the International Labour Organization and the International Finance Corporation. Tufts University; International Labour Organization; International Finance Corporation. https://betterwork.org/wp-content/uploads/Tufts-University-Final-IA.pdf 19. McNeely, E., & Koosed, T. (2020). Well-being and equity as a business imperative: Summary of the Harvard Sustainability and Health Initiative (SHINE) research on worker well-being. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Sustainability and Health Initiative for NetPositive Enterprise (SHINE); Manaus Consulting; Levi Strauss & Co. https://www.levistrauss.com/ wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Harvard-SHINE_WWB-Impact-Study-Summary-Report_12-October-2020.pdf 20. Scott, M. M., & Spievack, N. (2019, June). Making the business case for employee well-being: Building evidence to scale innovative well-being benefits at work. Urban Institute, Income and Benefits Policy Center. https://www.urban.org/sites/ default/files/publication/100397/making_the_business_case_for_employee_well-being_1.pdf 21. Jacobs, E. (2024, May 21). Link between wellbeing and productivity is made “clear”. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/0c12fc4d-4aa5-43ec-a68d-dbbee08f8762 Workforce Health Across the Value Chain: Organizational Insights to Mitigate Risk and Create Sustainable Growth 33

Workforce Health Across the Value Chain 2025