US11120437B2 — Registry and automated management method for blockchain-enforced smart contracts (Part 1 of 2)
Document text
Research, not advice. Part of the Bitcoin research archive (October 2026). Claims labelled unverified, contested or fringe are reported, not endorsed; statuses of bills and rules are as of the date checked. Government, court and patent records are public domain; the research notes are CC BY 4.0.
US011120437B2
( 12) United States Patent ( 10) Patent No .: US 11,120,437 B2
Wright et al . (45) Date of Patent : Sep. 14, 2021
( 54 ) REGISTRY AND AUTOMATED (52 ) U.S. CI.
MANAGEMENT METHOD FOR CPC G06Q 20/3829 (2013.01 ) ; G06Q 20/02
BLOCKCHAIN -ENFORCED SMART ( 2013.01); G06Q 20/3678 ( 2013.01);
CONTRACTS ( Continued )
( 58 ) Field of Classification Search
( 71 ) Applicant: nChain Holdings Limited , St. John's CPC G06Q 20/3829 ; G06Q 20/02 ; G06Q
( AG ) 20/3678 ; G06Q 20/3827; H04L 9/0637 ;
HO4L 9/321 ; H04L 9/3247
( 72 ) Inventors: Craig Steven Wright , London (GB ) ; See application file for complete search history.
Stephane Savanah , London ( GB ) ( 56 ) References Cited
( 73 ) Assignee : nChain Holdings Limited , St. Johns U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
(AG )
5,600,725 A 2/1997 Rueppel et al .
( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 5,761,305 A 6/1998 Vanstone et al .
patent is extended or adjusted under 35 ( Continued )
U.S.C. 154 ( b ) by 0 days. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
(21 ) Appl. No .: 16/078,605 AU 2016100059 A4 3/2016
CA 2867765 A1 4/2016
(22 ) PCT Filed : Feb. 16 , 2017 ( Continued )
( 86) PCT No .: PCT/IB2017/050865
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
$ 371 (c ) ( 1 ) ,
( 2) Date : Aug. 21 , 2018 Jeff Herbert et al . , A Novel Method for Decentralised Peer-to - peer
Software License Validation Using Cryptocurrency Blockchain
( 87 ) PCT Pub . No .: WO2017/145019 Technology, Jan.27-30 , 2015 , Proceedings of the 38th Australasian
Computer Science Conference ( ACSC 2015 ) Sydney Australia
PCT Pub . Date : Aug. 31 , 2017 ( Year: 2015 ) . *
( 65 ) Prior Publication Data (Continued )
US 2019/0057382 A1 Feb. 21 , 2019 Primary Examiner Neha Patel
Assistant Examiner Chunling Ding
( 30 ) Foreign Application Priority Data (74 ) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Davis Wright Tremaine
LLP
Feb. 23 , 2016 ( GB ) 1603114.8
Feb. 23 , 2016 ( GB ) 1603117.1 ( 57 ) ABSTRACT
(Continued ) The invention relates to the fields of tokenisation, block
chain and smart contract technologies. It provides a techni
( 51 ) Int . Cl. cal arrangement which simplifies the automated manage
G06Q 20/38 ( 2012.01 ) ment of contracts . The invention comprises a method and
G06Q 20/36 (2012.01 ) system which use a computer -based repository for storage of
(Continued ) (Continued )
150. Create 175. Rollover
sub - contract Contract
extends>> extends>>
100. Create
Contract
Blockchain
200. Check
Contract
Repository
300. Close
Contract
Interested Contract Issuer Contract
Party Counterparty
US 11,120,437 B2
Page 2
the contract. The contract is then represented by a transac 10,659,223 B2
10,719,816 B1
5/2020 Wright et al .
7/2020 Kurani
tion on the blockchain . Metadata within the transaction's 2001/0050990 A1 12/2001 Sudia
script includes a hash of the contract and a means of 2002/0112171 A1 8/2002 Ginter et al .
identifying its location within the repository. The transaction 2003/0046202 Al 3/2003 Knapp
also includes an unspent output (UTXO ) which indicates its 2004/0049687 Al
2004/0193890 A1
3/2004 Orsini et al .
9/2004 Girault
status as an open (ie not terminated ) contract. The contract 2005/0071283 Al 3/2005 Randle et al .
is terminated by spending the output at a later point in time , 2006/0023887 Al 2/2006 Agrawal et al.
for example, using n Lock Time + Check Lock Time Verify 2006/0153368 A1 7/2006 Beeson
( CLTV ). By combining this concept with other techniques 2006/0156013 Al 7/2006 Beeson
and computing components, the invention can provide a 2006/0161485 Al
2006/0179319 Al
7/2006 Meldahl
8/2006 Krawczyk
powerful mechanism for implementing various tasks such as 2007/0055880 A1 3/2007 Lauter et al .
renewing or rolling over the contract, or dividing it into 2007/0192842 Al 8/2007 Beaulieu et al .
sub - contracts or conditions. Furthermore, as the status and 2007/0265978 A1 * 11/2007 Kahn G06Q 30/04
existence of the contract is evidence via the blockchain, this 705/59
provides a permanent, publicly visible and non - alterable 2007/0276836 A1
2008/0082817 A1
11/2007 Chatterjee et al .
4/2008 Takahashi et al .
record of the contract .
2008/0137857 A1 6/2008 Bellare et al .
2008/0144836 Al 6/2008 Sanders et al .
10 Claims , 26 Drawing Sheets 2008/0288773 Al 11/2008 Nguyen et al .
2009/0048979 Al 2/2009 Al - Herz et al .
2009/0161876 Al 6/2009 Sherkin
2010/0023771 A1 1/2010 Struik
( 30 ) Foreign Application Priority Data 2010/0131755 A1 5/2010 Zhu et al.
2010/0134848 Al 6/2010 Lynggaard et al .
2010/0150341 A1 6/2010 Dodgson et al .
Feb. 23 , 2016 ( GB ) 1603123.9 2010/0172501 A1 7/2010 Tian et al .
Feb. 23 , 2016 ( GB ) 1603125.4 2010/0199095 Al 8/2010 Ho
Apr. 1 , 2016 ( GB ) 1605571.7 2010/0228973 Al 9/2010 Dancer et al .
Nov. 15 , 2016 ( GB ) 1619301.3 2011/0022854 Al 1/2011 Macchetti et al .
2011/0202773 Al 8/2011 Ghouti et al .
2011/0307698 A1 12/2011 Vanstone
(51 ) Int. Cl. 2011/0311051 A1 12/2011 Resch et al .
H04L 9/06 ( 2006.01 ) 2012/0011362 Al 1/2012 Lambert
H04L 9/08 ( 2006.01 ) 2012/0039474 Al 2/2012 Ho
H04L 9/30 ( 2006.01 ) 2012/0100833 A1 4/2012 Gao
H04L 9/32 2012/0284794 A1 11/2012 Trent et al .
( 2006.01 ) 2012/0290830 A1 11/2012 Resch et al .
G06Q 20/02 ( 2012.01) 2012/0331287 Al 12/2012 Bowman et al .
(52) U.S. CI. 2013/0051552 A1 2/2013 Handschuh et al .
CPC G06Q 20/389 ( 2013.01 ) ; G06Q 20/3827 2013/0061049 Al 3/2013 Irvine
2013/0077783 Al 3/2013 Anshel et al .
( 2013.01 ) ; H04L 9/0637 ( 2013.01 ) ; H04L 2013/0177157 Al 7/2013 Li et al .
9/0836 ( 2013.01 ) ; H04L 9/0891 ( 2013.01 ) ; 2013/0191632 Al 7/2013 Spector et al.
H04L 9/3066 ( 2013.01 ) ; H04L 9/321 2013/0304642 A1 11/2013 Campos
( 2013.01 ) ; H04L 9/3236 ( 2013.01 ) ; H04L 2014/0012751 A1 1/2014 Kuhn et al .
9/3242 ( 2013.01 ) ; H04L 9/3247 ( 2013.01 ) ; 2014/0082358 A1 3/2014 Nakhjiri et al .
2014/0129844 A1 5/2014 Johnson et al .
G06Q 2220/00 ( 2013.01 ) ; G06Q 2220/12 2014/0223580 A1 8/2014 Neivanov et al .
( 2013.01 ) ; H04L 2209/38 (2013.01 ) ; H04L 2014/0250006 A1 9/2014 Makhotin et al .
2209/56 ( 2013.01) 2015/0066748 Al 3/2015 Winslow et al .
2015/0086020 A1 3/2015 Harjula et al .
( 56 ) References Cited 2015/0120567 Al 4/2015 Van Rooyen et al .
2015/0154562 Al 6/2015 Emmerson
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 2015/0188698 Al 7/2015 Tsai
2015/0188700 A1 7/2015 Ben Saied et al.
3/1999 Vanstone et al . 2015/0205929 A1 7/2015 Brama
5,889,865 A 2015/0206106 A1 * 7/2015 Yago G06Q 20/0655
5,896,455 A 4/1999 Vanstone et al . 705/68
5,933,504 A 8/1999 Vanstone et al . 2015/0213433 A1 7/2015 Khan
6,061,449 A 5/2000 Candelore et al . 2015/0244690 A1 8/2015 Mossbarger
6,078,667 A 6/2000 Johnson 2015/0256347 A1 9/2015 Tseng et al .
6,122,736 A 9/2000 Vanstone et al .
6,141,420 A 10/2000 Vanstone et al . 2015/0262140 A1 9/2015 Armstrong
6,618,483 B1 9/2003 Vanstone et al . 2015/0269570 Al 9/2015 Phan et al.
6,704,870 B2 3/2004 Vanstone et al . 2015/0294425 Al 10/2015 Benson
8/2004 Vanstone et al . 2015/0302401 A1 10/2015 Metral
6,785,813 B1 2015/0304302 A1 10/2015 Zhang
6,792,530 B1 9/2004 Qu et al . 2015/03 10497 A1 10/2015 Valin et al .
7,006,633 B1 2/2006 Reece
2015/0324764 Al 11/2015 Van Rooyen et al .
7,095,851 B1 8/2006 Scheidt 2015/0324789 A1 11/2015 Dvorak et al .
8,522,011 B2 8/2013 Spalka et al . 2015/0332224 Al 11/2015 Melika et al .
8,855,318 B1 10/2014 Patnala et al .
2015/0348017 A1 12/2015 Allmen
9,209,980 B2 12/2015 Bowman et al . 2015/0350171 A1 12/2015 Brumley
9,258,130 B2 2/2016 Hwang et al . 2015/0356523 Al 12/2015 Madden
9,298,806 B1 3/2016 Vessenes et al.
10,050,779 B2 8/2018 Alness et al . 2015/0363768 Al 12/2015 Melika et al .
10,068,228 B1 9/2018 Winklevoss et al . 2015/0363770 A1 12/2015 Ronca et al .
10,510,053 B2 12/2019 Armstrong 2015/0363773 A1 12/2015 Ronca et al .
US 11,120,437 B2
Page 3
( 56 ) References Cited 2019/0349733 Al 11/2019 Nolan et al .
2019/0392118 A1 12/2019 Elden et al.
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 2019/0392536 A1 12/2019 Rice
2020/0026785 Al 1/2020 Patangia et al.
2015/0363777 A1 12/2015 Ronca et al .
2016/0027229 A1 1/2016 Spanos et al. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
2016/0028552 A1 1/2016 Spanos et al .
2016/0071108 Al 3/2016 Caldera et al . CN 101447980 A 6/2009
2016/0085955 A1 3/2016 Lerner CN 103440209 A 12/2013
2016/0086175 A1 3/2016 Finlow -Bates et al . 103927656 A 7/2014
2016/0092988 Al 3/2016 Letourneau CN 104320262 A 1/2015
2016/0098723 Al 4/2016 Feeney DE 102010002241 B4 3/2012
2016/0140335 A1 5/2016 Proulx et al . EP 1477882 A2 11/2004
2016/0149878 A1 5/2016 Pogorelik et al. EP 2538606 A1 12/2012
2016/0162897 A1 6/2016 Feeney EP 2975570 A1 1/2016
2016/0203522 A1 7/2016 Shiffert et al. EP 3010176 A1 4/2016
2016/0203572 A1 * 7/2016 McConaghy G06Q 20/10 FR 3018370 A1 9/2015
705/58 FR 3018377 A1 9/2015
2016/0234026 A1 8/2016 Wilkins et al . FR 3018378 A1 9/2015
2016/0260171 A1 9/2016 Ford et al . FR 3018379 A1 9/2015
2016/0261408 A1 9/2016 Peddada et al . JP H11239124 A 8/1999
2016/0261565 A1 9/2016 Lorenz et al . JP H11289324 A 10/1999
2016/0261690 A1 9/2016 Ford JP 2000502553 A 2/2000
2016/0269182 A1 9/2016 Sriram et al . JP 2001195479 A 7/2001
2016/0283941 A1 9/2016 Andrade JP 2002026895 A 1/2002
2016/0292672 A1 10/2016 Fay et al . JP 2006293764 A 10/2006
2016/0294562 Al 10/2016 Oberheide et al . JP 2007242221 A 9/2007
2016/0321434 A1 11/2016 McCoy et al . JP 2008146601 A 6/2008
2016/0335924 Al 11/2016 Ikarashi et al . JP 200915824 A 5/2009
2016/0342977 A1 11/2016 Lam JP 2009526411 A 7/2009
2016/0342994 A1 11/2016 Davis JP 2010503320 A 1/2010
2016/0350749 Al 12/2016 Wilkins et al . JP 2010219912 A 9/2010
2016/0352518 A1 12/2016 Ford et al . JP 2011082662 A 4/2011
2016/0379208 A1 12/2016 Deliwala et al. JP 2011211461 A 10/2011
2017/0011394 A1 * 1/2017 Kumar G06Q 20/401 JP 2014068140 A 4/2014
2017/0017936 Al 1/2017 Bisikalo et al . JP 2015536617 A 12/2015
2017/0024817 A1 1/2017 Wager et al . JP 5858506 B1 2/2016
2017/0046664 Al 2/2017 Haldenby et al. RU 2015108134 A 10/2016
2017/0046698 Al 2/2017 Haldenby et al. RU 2015109271 A 10/2016
2017/0083910 Al 3/2017 Kraemer et al. TW 201202975 A 1/2012
2017/0091750 A1 * 3/2017 Maim HO4L 9/30 WO 2005096542 A1 10/2005
2017/0103385 Al 4/2017 Wilson, Jr. et al . WO 2005107141 Al 11/2005
2017/0132621 A1 * 5/2017 Miller G06Q 20/065 WO 2007113040 A1 10/2007
2017/0148016 Al 5/2017 Davis WO 2012039474 A1 3/2012
2017/0154331 A1 * 6/2017 Voorhees H04L 67/20 WO 2012054785 A1 4/2012
2017/0178237 A1 6/2017 Wong WO 2013053058 Al 4/2013
2017/0200137 A1 7/2017 Vilmont WO 2015127789 A1 9/2015
2017/0228547 Al 8/2017 Smith et al . WO 2015142765 Al 9/2015
2017/0243193 Al 8/2017 Manian et al . WO 2015171580 A1 11/2015
2017/0250801 A1 8/2017 Chen et al . WO 2015175854 A2 11/2015
2017/0300877 Al 10/2017 Mann et al . WO 2015188151 A1 12/2015
2017/0316390 A1 11/2017 Smith et al . WO 2016137360 A2 9/2016
2017/0324715 Al 11/2017 Frincu et al . WO 2016161073 A1 10/2016
2018/0025670 A1 1/2018 Ikarashi et al .
2018/0034810 A1 2/2018 Pe'er et al .
2018/0109377 A1 4/2018 Fu OTHER PUBLICATIONS
2018/0123780 A1 5/2018 Ikarashi
2018/0176017 Al 6/2018 Rodriguez et al . Antonopoulos, Mastering Bitcoin : unlocking digital cryptocurren
2018/0176222 A1 6/2018 Bhaskar et al .
2018/0225431 A1 8/2018 Ikarashi et al . cies , Dec. 2014 , O'Reilly Media, Inc. ( Year: 2014 ) . *
2018/0240107 A1 8/2018 Andrade Flood et al . , Contract as Automaton : The Computational Represen
2018/0247191 A1 8/2018 Katz et al . tation of Financial Agreements, Mar. 26 , 2015 , Office of Financial
2018/0341648 A1 * 11/2018 Kakavand G06Q 50/18 Research Working Paper ( Year: 2015 ) . *
2018/0349572 A1 12/2018 Chen et al . Christidis , Blockchains and Smart Contracts for the Internet of
2018/0367298 A1 12/2018 Wright et al . Things , IEEE ( Year: 2016 ) . *
2019/0014094 Al 1/2019 Le Saint
2019/0034936 A1 1/2019 Nolan et al . BlueMatt, Contract ( Year: 2015 ) . *
2019/0080321 Al 3/2019 Mundis et al . Allison , “ Symbiont's Adam Krellenstein : There's really only two
2019/0080404 A1 3/2019 Molinari et al . smart contract systems — Ethereum's and ours,” International Busi
2019/0080406 Al 3/2019 Molinari et al . ness Times, https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/symbionts-adam-krellenstein
2019/0130368 Al 5/2019 Li et al . theres -really -only -two -smart -contract-systems- ethereums-ours
2019/0149337 A1 5/2019 Savanah et al . 1530490 , Nov. 25 , 2015 [ retrieved Dec. 12 , 2018 ] , 4 pages .
2019/0158470 A1 5/2019 Wright et al . Antonopoulos, “ Mastering Bitcoin - Unlocking Digital Cryptocur
2019/0188793 Al 6/2019 Molinari et al .
2019/0199531 A1 6/2019 Staples et al . rencies, ” O'Reilly Media , Inc. , Dec. 20 , 2014 , 282 pages .
2019/0220859 Al 7/2019 Weight et al. bitcoininvestor.com , “ All - Star Panel: Ed Moy, Joseph VaughnPerling,
2019/0229911 A1 7/2019 Allen Trace Mayer, Nick Szabo , Dr. Craig Wright, " YouTube, https: //
2019/0238334 A1 8/2019 Nakamura youtu.be/LdvQTwjVmrE , Bitcoin Investor Conference, Oct. 29 ,
2019/0340352 Al 11/2019 Peeters et al . 2015 [ retrieved Dec. 12 , 2018 ] , 1 page .
US 11,120,437 B2
Page 4
( 56 ) References Cited Openssl Wiki, “ Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman ,” OpenSSL , https: //
wiki.openssl.org/index.php/Elliptic_Curve_Diffie_Hellman, Mar. 10 ,
OTHER PUBLICATIONS 2014 [retrieved Dec. 10 , 2018 ] , 5 pages.
Openssl Wiki, “ EVP Key Agreement,” OpenSSL , https ://wiki.
Bitfury Group, “ Smart Contracts on Bitcoin Blockchain , ” BitFury openssl.org/index.php/EVP_Key_Agreement, Apr. 28 , 2017 [retrieved
Group Limited , Aug. 13 , 2015 (updated Sep. 4 , 2015 ) , http : // bitfury. Dec. 10, 2018], 2 pages.
com /content/ 5 -white -papers - research / contracts - 1.1.1.pdf, 20 pages . Poon et al . , “ The Bitcoin Lightning Network : Scalable Off -Chain
Brown et al . , “ Standards for Efficient Cryptography 1 : Elliptic Instant Payments ," https://www.bitcoinlightning.com/wp-content/
Curve Cryptography Version 2.0 , " Certicom Research , May 21 , uploads/ 2018 /03/ lightning -network -paper.pdf, Jan. 14 , 2016 [ retrieved
2009 , 144 pages. Dec. 10 , 2018 ] , 59 pages .
Brown et al . , “ Standards for Efficient Cryptography 2 : Recom Pornin , “ Deterministic Usage of the Digital Signature Algorithm
mended Elliptic Curve Domain Parameters Version 2.0 , " Certicom ( DSA) and Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA ),"
Research , Jan. 27 , 2010 , 37 pages . Request for Comments: 6979 , Independent Submission , Aug. 2013 ,
Campagna et al . , “ Standards for Efficient Cryptography 4 : Elliptic 79 pages.
Curve Qu - Vanstone Implicit Certificate Scheme ( ECRV ) Version Scott, “ Counterparty to Create First Peer-to - Peer Digital Asset
1.0 ," Certicom Research, Jan. 24 , 2013 , 32 pages . Exchange Platform , ” Cointelegraph , https://cointelegraph.com/news/
Coinprism , “ 80 bytes OP_RETURN explained ,” Coinprism Blog , counterparty_to_create_first_peer_to_peer_digital_asset_exchange
http://blog.coinprism.com/2015/02/11/80-bytes-op-return/, Feb. 11 , platform , Apr. 10 , 2014 [ retrieved Dec. 12 , 2018 ] , 2 pages .
2015 [retrieved Dec. 21 , 2018 ] , 8 pages . Tasca et al . , “ Digital Currencies: Principles, Trends, Opportunities,
Corallo , " [ Bitcoin -development] Relative and Risks , ” ECUREX Research Working Paper, Sep. 7 , 2015 ( Oct.
CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY (was CLTV proposal),” Linux Foun 2015 version ), 110 pages .
dation , https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/bitcoin-dev/2015 TIMEISNOW77724 et al . , “ Help understanding counterparty, thanks
May /007858.html, May 4 , 2015 ( retrieved Dec. 12 , 2018 ] , 3 pages . in advance !,” Reddit r /counterparty_xcp, https://www.reddit.com/r/
Decker, “ [BIP ] Normalized transaction IDs,” Bitcoin -Dev , https: // counterparty_xcp / comments/2qntze/help_understanding_counterparty_
bitcoin-development.narkive.com/DjOYjEig/bip-normalized thanks_in_advance /, Dec. 28 , 2014 [ retrieved Dec. 11 , 2018 ] , 4
transaction - ids, Oct. 19 , 2015 [retrieved Dec. 12 , 2018 ] , 16 pages . pages.
Drcode,“ New Kid on the Blockchain,” Hacker News, https://news. UK Commercial Search Report dated Jun . 27 , 2016 , Patent Appli
ycombinator.com/item?id=11372455, Mar. 28 , 2016 [ Dec. 12 , 2018 ] , cation No. GB1603123.9 , filed Feb. 23 , 2016 , 11 pages .
32 pages. UK Commercial Search Report dated Jun . 27 , 2016 , Patent Appli
Eragmus et al . , " Time to lobby Bitcoin's core devs : " SF Bitcoin cation No. GB1603125.4 , filed Feb. 23 , 2016 , 11 pages .
Devs Seminar - Scalability to billions of transactions per day, UK Commercial Search Report dated Jun . 28 , 2016 , Patent Appli
satoshi- level Micropayments, near - zero risk of custodial theft, & cation No. GB1603122.1 , filed Feb. 23 , 2016 , 12 pages .
Instant transactions” ...but only w / a malleability - fixing soft fork , "
Reddit r /bitcoin, https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/222191/ UK Commercial Search Report dated Jun . 9 , 2016 , Patent Appli
time_to_lobby_bitcoins_core_devs_sf_bitcoin_devs /, Mar. 14 , 2015 cation No. GB1603117.1 , filed Feb. 23 , 2016 , 12 pages .
[Dec. 12 , 2018] , 21 pages. UK Commercial Search Report dated May 24 , 2016 , Patent Appli
Familiar et al., “ Transcript for # bitcoin -dev Mar. 27 , 2015," BitcoinStats, cation No. GB1605571.7 , filed Apr. 1 , 2016 , 3 pages .
http://bitcoinstats.com/irc/bitcoin-dev/logs/2015/03/27, Mar. 27 , 2015 UK Commercial Search Report dated May 9 , 2016 , Patent Appli
[ archived version Jun . 27 , 2016 ] , 11 pages . cation No. GB1603114.8 , filed Feb. 23 , 2016 , 2 pages .
Flood et al ., " Contract as Automaton : The Computational Repre UK IPO Search Report dated Jul. 26 , 2016 , Patent Application No.
sentation of Financial Agreements,” Office of financial Research GB1603114.8 , filed Feb. 23 , 2016 , 5 pages .
Working Paper No. 15-04 , Mar. 26 , 2015 , 25 pages . UK IPO Search Report dated Jul. 4 , 2016 , Patent Application No.
Friedenbach et al . , “ Freimarkets: extending bitcoin protocol with GB1603125.4 , filed Feb. 23 , 2016 , 6 pages .
user - specified bearer instruments, peer -to - peer exchange, off -chain UK IPO Search Report dated Jul. 5 , 2016 , Patent Application No.
accounting, auctions, derivatives and transitive transactions, ” Ver GB1603123.9 , filed Feb. 23 , 2016 , 5 pages .
sion v0.01 , http://freico.in/docs/freimarkets-v0.0.1.pdf, Aug. 24 , UK IPO Search Report dated Oct. 17 , 2016 , Patent Application No.
2013 [ retrieved Dec. 12 , 2018 ] , 25 pages . GB1603117.1 , filed Feb. 23 , 2016 , 5 pages .
Goldfeder et al., " Securing Bitcoin Wallets via a New DSA / ECDSA UK IPO Search Report dated Oct. 26 , 2016 , Patent Application No.
threshold signature scheme," manuscript, https : //www.cs.princeton . GB1603122.1 , filed Feb. 23 , 2016 , 4 pages .
edu / ~ stevenag /threshold_sigs.pdf, 2015 [ retrieved Jun . 21 , 2018 ] , UK IPO Search Report dated Sep. 9 , 2016 , Patent Application No.
26 pages. GB1605571.7 , filed Apr. 1 , 2016 , 5 pages .
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Apr. 26 , Whitequark, “ # bitcoin -wizards on Jul. 30 , 2015 irc logs at whitequark.
2017 , International Patent Application No. PCT/IB2017 /050865 , org , ” whitequark.org, https://irclog.whitequark.org/bitcoin-wizards/
filed Feb. 16, 2017 , 9 pages.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated May 29 , 2015-07-30, Jul. 30 , 2015 (retrieved Dec. 12 , 2018 ] , 8 pages .
2017 , International Patent Application No. PCT/IB2017 /050815 , Wood , “ Ethereum : A Secure Decentralised Generalised Transaction
filed Feb. 14 , 2017 , 10 pages. Ledger : Final Draft — Under Review ," Etereum Project Yellow
Killerstorm et al . , “ Transcript for #bitcoin - dev Sep. 3 , 2012," Paper, http://tech.lab.carl.pro/kb/ethereum/yellowpaper, Apr. 2014 ,
BitcoinStats, http://www.bitcoinstats.com/irc/bitcoin-dev/logs/2012/ 32 pages.
09/03 , Sep. 3 , 2012 [ retrieved Dec. 21 , 2018 ] , 14 pages . Wright, “ Registry and Automated Management Method for Blockchain
Koblitz et al . , “ Cryptocash , Cryptocurrencies, and Cryptocontracts,” Enforced Smart Contracts,” U.S. Appl. No. 15 / 138,717 , filed Apr.
Designs , Codes and Cryptography 78 ( 1 ) : 87-102 , publication avail 26, 2016 .
able online Oct. 1 , 2015 , print publication Jan. 2016 . Flood , Mark D. , and Oliver R. Goodenough. Contract as automaton :
Krawczyk , “ HMQV : A High -Performance Secure Diffie - Hellman the computational representation of financial agreements. Office of
Protocol, ” Annual International Cryptology Conference 2005 , Aug. Financial Research Working Paper 15-04 ( 2015 ) .
14 , 2005 , first disclosed online Jul. 5 , 2005 , 66 pages. Antonopoulos, Andreas M. Mastering , Bitcoin : unlocking digital
Krellenstein , “ The Counterparty Protocol,” GitHub , https ://github. cryptocurrencies. O'Reilly Media, Inc. , 2014 .
com / jsimnz / Counterparty /blob /master /README.md, Jan. 8 , 2014 Gitbook , “ Ethereum Frontier Guide , ” Gitbook ( Legacy) , Feb. 4 ,
[Dec. 12 , 2018] , 4 pages . 2016, 293 pages .
Maxwell et al . , “ Deterministic wallets,” Bitcoin Forum , https: // International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Apr. 3 , 2017 ,
bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=19137.0;all, Jun . 18 , 2011 [ retrieved Patent Application No. PCT/ IB2017/ 050824 , filed Feb. 14 , 2017 , 13
Dec. 10 , 2018] , 104 pages . pages.
US 11,120,437 B2
Page 5
( 56 ) References Cited Ryepdx et al . , “ Answer to ' What is the Global Registrar ?”,” Ethereum
Stack Exchange, Feb. 26 , 2016 [retrieved Jan. 30 , 2017 ] , http : //
OTHER PUBLICATIONS ethereum.stackexchange.com/questions/1610/what-is-the-global
registrar, 3 pages .
Reiner et al . , “ Bitcoin Wallet Identity Verification Specification ," Sevareid et al . , “ Use Case Asset Depository , ” Github.com , Jan. 11 ,
diyhpluswiki, http://diyhpl.us/-bryan/papers2/bitcoin/armory-verisign 2016 version ( last edited May 5 , 2016 ) [ retrieved Jan. 30 , 2017 ] ,
bitcoin -wallet -identityspecification.pdf, Feb. 27 , 2015 ( retrieved https://github.com/hyperledger/hyperledger/wiki/Use-Case-Asset
Jan. 27 , 2016 ) , 24 pages . Depository, 4 pages.
Third -Party Submission Under 37 CFR 1.290 dated Jun . 12 , 2019 , Swanson , “ Great Chain of Numbers: Chapter 3 : Next Generation
U.S. Appl. No. 16 /079,089 , filed Aug. 22 , 2018 , 19 pages . Platforms, " Great Wall of Numbers, Mar. 4 , 2014 [ retrieved Jan. 30 ,
Wuille, “ Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets , ” Github , https:// github. 2017 ] , http://www.ofnumbers.com/2014/03/04/chapter-3-next
com /bitcoin /bips/blob /ab90b5289f0356282397fa9b8aa47d2238a7b380 / generation -platforms/, 25 pages .
bip -0032.mediawiki, Feb. 12 , 2016 ( retrieved Mar. 23 , 2017 ) , 9 Tuesta et al . , “ Smart contracts : the ultimate automation of trust?,"
pages. BBVA Research Financial Inclusion Unit, Oct. 2015 , 5 pages .
“ Bitcoin Developer Guide,” Bitcoin Project, https: //web.archive. UK Commercial Search Report dated Apr. 25 , 2016 , Patent Appli
org /web / 20160515171209/https ://bitcoin.org/en/developer-guide, May cation No. 11603117.1 , filed Feb. 23 , 2016 , 11 pages .
15 , 2016 [ retrieved Mar. 13 , 2019 ] , 55 pages . UK Commercial Search Report dated Sep. 30 , 2016 , Patent Appli
Buterin , “ Secret Sharing DAOs : The Other Crypto 2.0 , " Ethereum cation No. 1606630.0 , filed Apr. 15 , 2016 , 7 pages .
UK IPO Search Report dated Dec. 12 , 2016 , Patent Application No.
Blog , Dec. 26 , 2014 [ retrieved Nov. 21 , 2019 ] , https: // ethereum . GB1606630.0 , filed Apr. 15 , 2016 , 4 pages .
github.io/blog/2014/12/26/secret-sharing-daos-crypto-2-07, 10 pages . Vayngrib , “ Future, operating business on chain ,” Github.com , May
Charlon et al . , “ Open -Assests- Protocol,” Github.com , Nov. 17 , 4 , 2015 [ retrieved Jan. 30 , 2017 ] , https://github.com/tradle/about/
2015 [ retrieved Jan. 30 , 2017 ] , https://github.com/Open Assets/open wiki/Future , -operating-business -on -chain , 9 pages .
assets -protocol/blob /master / specification.mediawiki, 5 pages . Vietnamese Office Action dated Sep. 27 , 2018 , Patent Application
Counterparty , “ Home page, ” Counterparty, copyright 2018 [ retrieved No. 1-2018-03358 , filed Feb. 16 , 2017 , 2 pages .
Jan. 13 , 2020 ] , counterparty.io, 3 pages . Walport et al . , “ Distributed Ledger Technology: beyond block
Dorier, “ Colored Coins and Ricardian Contracts,” Coinprism Blog , chain - A report by the UK Government Chief Scientific Adviser,"
Dec. 10 , 2014 [ retrieved Jan. 30 , 2017 ] , http://blog.coinprism.com/ United Kingdom Government Office for Science , Dec. 2015 , 88
2014 / 12 / 10 /colored - coins- and - ricardian -contracts /, 9 pages . pages.
European Communication pursuant to Article 94 ( 3 ) EPC dated Jan. Weller et al . , " CounterpartyXCP /Documentation: Protocol Specifi
2 , 2020 , Patent Application No. 18166910.2-1218 , filed Feb. 16 , cation , ” Github.com , Jan. 25 , 2015 ( last edited Jun . 17 , 2019 )
2017 , 4 pages . [ retrieved Jan. 13 , 2020 ] , 10 pages.
European Communication pursuant to Article 94 ( 3 ) EPC dated Jul. Wikipedia , “ Counterparty (platform ),” last edited Dec. 6 , 2019
1 , 2019 , Application No. 17707121.4-1218 , filed Feb. 14 , 2017 , 6 [ retrieved Jan. 13 , 2020 ] , 2 pages .
pages . Wikipedia, “ Shamir's Secret Sharing,” Wikipedia the Free Ency
Extended European Search Report dated Jul. 18 , 2018 , Patent clopedia , Jan. 20 , 2017 version ( retrieved on Jan. 9 , 2019 ] , https: //
en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shamir’s_Secret_Sharing&oldid=
Application No. 18166910.2-1218 , filed Feb. 16 , 2017 , 8 pages . 761082071 , 6 pages .
Fimkrypto , “ FIMK 0.6.4 Released ,” Github.com , Feb. 11 , 2016 Wikipedia , " Shamir's Secret Sharing , ” Wikipedia the Free Ency
[ retrieved Jan. 30 , 2017 ] , https://github.com/fimkrypto/fimk/ clopedia , Mar. 6 , 2016 version ( retrieved on Jun . 24 , 2019 ] , https: //
releases, 17 pages. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shamir’s_Secret_Sharing&oldid=
Gennaro et al . , “ Threshold - Optimal DSA / ECDSA Signatures and an 708636892 , 6 pages.
Application to Bitcoin Wallet Security ,” International Conference Zhang et al . , “ AntShare Trading Platform ,” Github.com , Jun . 3 ,
on Applied Cryptography and Network Security, Jun . 9 , 2016 , 42 2016 ( last edited Aug. 21 , 2016 ) [retrieved Jan. 30 , 2017 ] , https : //
pages . github.com/AntShares/AntShares/wiki/Whitepaper-1.1, 9 pages.
Gutoski et al . , “ Hierarchical deterministic Bitcoin wallets that Zyskind et al . , “ Decentralizing Privacy: Using a Blockchain to
tolerate key leakage ( Short paper )," Financial Cryptography and Protect Personal Data , ” 2015 IEEE CS Security and Privacy Work
Data Security : 19th International Conference, FC 2015 , Revised shops , May 21 , 2015 , 5 pages .
Selected Papers, Jan. 26 , 2015 , 9 pages . Zyskind et al . , “ Enigma : Decentralized Computation Platform with
Hao , “ On Robust Key Agreement Based on Public Key Authenti Guaranteed Privacy,” arXiv preprint arXiv : 1506 , Jun . 10 , 2015 , 14
cation,” International Conference on Financial Cryptography and pages.
Data Security, Jan. 25 , 2010 , 12 pages . Abeikverdi et al . , “ Generating interactive, secure miltiple ECC key
Harayama et al . , “ Key escrow method of personal decryptographic pairs deterministically ,” StackExchange, http ://crypto.stackexchange.
key by using elliptic curve calculation , ” Institute of Electronics , com / questions/25191/ generating-interactivesecure -multiple -ecc-key
Information and Communication Engineers ( IEICE ) Technical Report pairs -deterministically, Apr. 23 , 2015 ( retrieved Dec. 26 , 2016 ] , 2
109 ( 85 ) : 91-96 , Jun . 11 , 2009 . pages .
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated May 31 , Bitfreaki et al . , “ Understanding Stealth Addresses/ Payments,” Bitcoin
2017 , Patent Application No. PCT/ IB2017 /050856 , filed Feb. 16 , Forum , Jun . 10 , 2015 ( retrieved Jun . 16 , 2020 ) , https ://bitcointalk .
2017 , 11 pages. org /index.php ? topic = 1086498.0, 8 pages .
Japanese Office Action dated Jan. 22 , 2019 , Patent Application No. Burgess et al ., “ The Promise of Bitcoin and the Blockchain , "
2018-516682 , filed Feb. 16 , 2017 , 14 pages . Consumers ' Research , Jul. 13 , 2015 , 97 pages.
Kravchenko, “ Distributed multi- ledger model for financial indus Buterin , “ Bitcoin Multisig Wallet: The Future Of Bitcoin , ” Bitcoin
try ,” Github.com , Oct. 21 , 2015 [ retrieved Jan. 30 , 2017 ] , https: // Magazine , Mar. 13 , 2014 [ retrieved May 12 , 2020 ] , https: //
github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rebooting-the-web-of-trust/blob/master/ bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/multisig-future-bitcoin-1394686504 ,7
topics- andadvance -readings/Distributed Multi pages.
ledgerModelForFinancialIndustry.md, 2 pages . Danda et al ., " hd -wallet -addrs , ” GibHub , https://github.com/dan
Mainelli, “ Blockchain : why smart contracts need shrewder people , ” da /hd -wallets -addrs, Dec. 30 , 2015 [ retrieved Mar. 11 , 2016 ] , 7
Banking Technology, Apr. 4 , 2016 [ retrieved Jan. 30 , 2017 ] , http :// pages.
www.bankingtech.com/461572/blockchain-why-smart-contracts Danda et al . , “ Is there any service/api for deriving HD wallet
need -shrewderpeople /, 3 pages . addresses from a master public key ?,” StackExchange, http ://bitcoin .
McCorry et al., “ Authenticated Key Exchange over Bitcoin ,” Inter stackexchange.com/questions/38887/is-there-any-service-api-for
national Conference on Research in Security Standardisation 2015 , deriving -hdwallet -addresses - from - a -master -public - k , Jul. 30 , 2015 ,
Dec. 15, 2015, 18 pages. 2 pages .
US 11,120,437 B2
Page 6
( 56 ) References Cited Snow et al . , “ Factom : Business Processes Secured by Immutable
Audit Trails on the Blockchain Version 1.2 ,” factom.com , Apr. 25 ,
OTHER PUBLICATIONS 2018, 38 pages .
Danda, “ Help / FAQ,” MyBitPrices, https://mybitprices.info/hd Stampery, “ FFeatures: Blockchain -based data certification at your
wallet -addrs.html, Jan. 1 , 2016 [ retrived Mar. 11 , 2016 ] , 4 pages .
fingertips ,” Stampery.com , https://stampery.com/features/, archived
Mar. 5 , 2016 [retrieved Nov. 3 , 2016 ] , 4 pages .
Das , “ As Exchanges Pause Withdrawals, Chinese Bitcoin Investors Sullivan et al . , “ Peer-to - peer Affine Commitment using Bitcoin , "
Switch to P2P Trading , ” CCN , Feb. 13 , 2017 [ retrived May 12 , Carnegie Mellon University, Jun . 17 , 2015 , 54 pages .
2020 ] , https://www.ccn.com/chinese-bitcoin-investors-switch-p2p Taiwanese Office Action dated Oct. 7 , 2020 , Patent Application No.
trading -exchanges-pause -withdrawals /, 4 pages . 1061005713, 4 pages.
Dash et al ., “ bips/bip -0047.mediawiki, ” Github , Feb. 24 , 2016 UK Commercial Search Report dated Jun . 6 , 2016 , Patent Appli
(retrieved Jun . 16 , 2020 ) , https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/ cation No. 1604497.6 , filed Mar. 16 , 2016 , 6 pages .
15c0b250cb5b77eba3ea7096082d7da6a3100991 / bip - 0047 . UK Commercial Search Report dated May 20 , 2016 , Patent Appli
mediawiki, 16 pages. cation No. 1605026.2 , 4 pages .
Dixon , “ True peer - to -peer currency exchange ?,” DGC Magazine , UK Commercial Search Report dated Nov. 30 , 2016 , Patent Appli
Jul . 2 , 2013 [ retrieved May 12 , 2020 ] , http://dgcmagazine.com/true cation No. 1607058.3 , filed APr. 22 , 2016 , 7 pages .
peer -to -peer-currency -exchange , 6 pages . UK Expanded Commercial Search Report dated Jun . 15 , 2016 ,
Gautham , “ Bitwage Makes Bitcoin Payroll Easier with New Fea Patent Application No. 1605026.2 , 5 pages .
tures,” NewsBTC , Mar. 9 , 2016 ( retrieved Jun . 16 , 2020 ) , https: // UK IPO Search Report dated Dec. 21 , 2016 , Patent Application No.
www.newsbtc.com/2016/03/09/bitwage-makes-bitcoin-payroll-easier GB1607058.3 , filed Apr. 22 , 2016 , 3 pages .
new - features , pages . UK IPO Search Report dated Dec. 28 , 2016 , Patent Application No.
Goldfeeder et al . , “ Securing Bitcoin wallets via threshold signa GB1604497.6 , filed Mar. 16 , 2016 , 4 pages .
tures ” Princeton's Center for Informationo Technology Policy, Mar. UK IPO Search Report dated Jan. 25 , 2017 , Patent Application No.
28, 2014, 11 pages. 1605026.2, 3 pages.
Goldfeeder et al . , “ Threshold signatures and Bitcoin wallet security: Vayngrib, “ DHT hardening,” GitHub , https://github.com/tradle/
A menu of options," Freedom to Tinker, May 23 , 2014 [ retrieved about/wiki /DHT-hardening, Feb. 2 , 2015 ( last updated May 21 ,
Nov. 16 , 2020 ] , https://freedom-to-tinker.com/2014/05/23/threshold 2015 ) [ retrieved Dec. 13 , 2018 ] , 5 pages .
signatures - and -bitcoin -wallet -security - a -menu -of -options/, 3 pages . Watanabe et al . , “ Blockchain contract: A complete consensus using
International Search Report and Written Opinoin dated Apr. 12 , blockchain ,” IEEE 4th Global Conference on Consumer Electron
2017 , Patent Application No. PCT /IB2017 /050829 , 9 pages . ics , Oct. 27 , 2015 , 3 pages.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Apr. 3 , 2017 , Willet et al., “ Omni Protocol Specification ( formerly Mastercoin ) ,
Patent Application No. PCT /IB2017 /050827 , 10 pages . Github, Nov. 5 , 2013 [ retrieved May 12 , 2020 ] , https://github.com/
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated May 31 , OmniLayer/spec /blob / 9978cc3984ae0b6e51216c4ae74042fc4097b99/
2017 , Patent Application No. PCT /IB2017 /050867 , 11 pages. README.md, 69 pages.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated May 31 , Willoms et al . , “ Using blockchain to save and verify software
2017 , Patent Application No. PCT/ IB2017 /050979 , filed Feb. 21 , Licensing , ” Bitcoin Forum , https://bitcointalk.org.index.php ? topic =
2017 , 11 pages. 671435.0 , Jun . 30 , 2014 [ retrieved Dec. 13 , 2018 ] , 3 pages .
Japanese Office Action dated Oct. 6 , 2020 , Patent Application No. Andersen , “ Blockchain Technology: A game - changer in account
2018-539865, 14 pages. ing ?,” Deloitte & Touche GmbH Wirtschaftspruüfungsgesellschaft ,
Jesionek et al . , “ BIP0032 : Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets,” Mar. 2016, 5 pages .
GitHub , https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0032 . Andersen et ala ., “ Relay OP_RETURN data TxOut as standard
mediawiki, Jan. 2014 , 9 pages . transaction type, # 2738 , ” Github, Jun . 4 , 2013 , https://github.com/
12012 et al ., “ MinAddress : Now remember your addresses easily," bitcoin pull /2738 , 12 pages.
BitCoinTalk , Sep. 16 , 2014 ( retrieved Jun . 16 , 2020 ) , https:// Anonymous, “ Bitsquare — The decentralised bitcoin exchange." >
bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=77471.150;wap2, 3 pages . Bitsquare.io, Jan. 3 , 2016 , 14 pages .
Kosba et al . , “ Hawk: The Blockchain Model of Cryptography and Anonymous, “ Homepage , ” website operational as of 2017 [ retrieved
Privacy -Preserving Smart Contracts , " IEEE Symposium on Security Nov. 30 , 2020 ] , https://www.coinffeine.com/, 2 pages .
and Privacy, May 22 , 2016 , 31 pages . Friedenbach , “ [ Bitcoin - development] New Output Script Type , ”
Mezzomix et al . , “ Angebat: BTC ( 2 -aus - 3 ) Multisig Escrow Linux Foundation , Sep. 14 , 2013 , https://lists.inuxfoundation.org/
( Treuhandabwicklung), " Bitcoin Forum , Feb. 9 , 2014 , https:// pipermail/ bitcoin -dev / 2013 -September/003256.html, 2 pages .
bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=456563.0, 7 pages . International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Apr. 12 ,
Mike et al . , “ Contract , ” Bitcoin Wiki, Oct. 22 , 2015 version ( first 2017 , Patent Application No. PCT/ IB2017/ 050866 , 10 pages .
disclosed May 22 , 2011 ) [retrieved May 12 , 2020 ] , https://en.bitcoin . International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Mar. 30 ,
it / w / index.php ? title = Contract & oldid = 59172, 11 pages . 2017 , Patent Application No. PCT /IB2017 /050825 , 9 pages .
Mrbanddrews, “ Bitcoin Core o.11 ( ch 2 ) : Data Storage , ” Bitcoin International Search Report and Written Opinion dated May 31 ,
Wiki, Jan. 13 , 2016 ( last revision Jan. 21 , 2016 ) [ retrieved May 8 , 2017 , Patent Application No. PCT/ IB2017/ 050980 , 12 pages .
2020 ] , https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Bitcoin_Core_0.11_ Japanese Notice of Reason( s ) for Rejection dated Mar. 30 , 2021 ,
( ch_2 ) : _ Data_storage & oldid =60024, 10 pages . Patent Application No. 2018-539890 , 8 pages.
Openchain , “ Home Page,” Openchain.org, Dec. 22 , 2015 ( retrieved Japanese Notice of Reason( s ) for Rejection dated Mar. 30 , 2021 ,
May 8 , 2020 ] , https://web.archive.org/web/20151222083734/https:// Patent Application No. 2018-539893 , 6 pages .
www.openchain.org/, 18 pages. Japanese Office Action dated Feb. 16 , 2021 , Patent Application No.
Perry , “ Tapeke: Bitcoin Accounting for Non - Accountants,” http : // 2018-539331 , 7 pages .
codinginmysleep.com/tapeke-bitcoin-accounting-for-non Menezes et al . , “ Handbook of Applied Cryptography: pages 33 , 38 ,
accountants / , Jan. 21 , 2015 , 1 page . » CRC Press , Oct. 16 , 1996 , 3 pages .
Reddit, “ Could Microsoft use the blockchain as a license key for its Sardesai, “ Coinffeine: A P2P Alternative to Centralised Bitcoin
software ?, r /Bitcoin , Sep. 7 , 2015 [ retrieved May 8 , 2020 ] , Exchanges , ” Cryptocoins News , Mar. 2 , 2014 [retrieved Feb. 14 ,
https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/3jz09c/could_microsoft 2017 ] , https://www.cryptocoinsnews.com/coinffeine-p2p-alternative
use_the_blockchain_as_a_license_ ? st = iw26pndq & sh = b862bf7d, 2 centralised -bitcoin -exchanges), 5 pages .
pages. Taiwanese Office Action dated Jul. 28 , 2020 , Patent Application No.
Sanchez, “ Marketplaces , ” GitHub , Jun . 10 , 2015 [ retrieved May 106105709, 9 pages.
12 , 2020 ] , https://github.com/drwasho/openbazaar-documentation/ UK Commercial Search Report dated Feb. 17 , 2017 , Patent Appli
blob /master/04 % 20marketplaces.md, 37 pages . cation No. 1604493.5 , 8 pages .
US 11,120,437 B2
Page 7
( 56 ) References Cited
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
UK Commercial Search Report dated Jan. 13 , 2017 , Patent Appli
cation No. 1604498.4 , 8 pages.
UK Commercial Search Report dated Jun . 14 , 2016 , Patent Appli
cation No. 1607249.8 , 4 pages.
UK IPO Search Report dated Dec. 5 , 2016 , Patent Application No.
1607249.8, 4 pages.
UK IPO Search Report dated Dec. 6 , 2016 , Patent Application No.
1604493.5, 6 pages.
UK IPO Search Report dated Dec. 6 , 2016 , Patent Application No.
1607482.5 , 5 pages .
UK IPO Search Report dated Jan. 3 , 2017 , Patent Application No.
1604498.4, 4 pages.
* cited by examiner
U.S. Patent Sep. 14 , 2021 Sheet 1 of 26 US 11,120,437 B2
150. Create 175. Rollover
sub - contract Contract
<<extends>> <<exter
100. Create
Contract
Blockchain
200. Check
Contract
Repository
300. Close
Contract
Interested Contract Issuer Contract
Party Counterparty
Fig . 1
U.S. Patent Sep. 14 , 2021 Sheet 2 of 26 US 11,120,437 B2
Open
spend UTXO
V
Closed
Fig . 2a
Scenario Definition
Bob : Wish to register my house onto the Blockchain
House Base Metadata
Field Sub-field Bytes Value Comments
Asset ContractType 4 0x0000FF04 Indicates unit
Metadata A ContractPointer 16 XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX (...).XXXX Address of the Asset Definiton file
Padding 12 Spare
Asset ContractHash 20 Hash of the Asset Definiton file (not the tokenisation !)
Metadata B Juristiction 2 EN Specifies that the asset is covered by English law
Options 2 0x0000 No options specified
Padding 8 Spare
Fig . 2b
U.S. Patent Sep. 14, 2021 Sheet 3 of 26 US 11,120,437 B2
Bob
aRScloecalndrot;
thetimeywircapncmtgl
to
1ACsHPEseCtKuMeU«-Bob30P<<OPtLaTdDIaStKIaGBA
2c
Fig
.
Trans-IDaction Niunmpofbuetrs OTPurtapenuvst IOTunrtdaPrevpnuxst
Vneurmsbieorn Slcernigpth nSeuqmubenecre Noutmfpbuetrs vOuatlpuet Oslucetrnpiguth OsuctrpiutvOuatlpuet Oslucetrnpiguth Osuctrpiupt
ScriptSig LockTime
Thistow;
tBopsfrlwtuaonrcbesaklasset
heris-irlycahgirhpdn
o f
PBubolicbat'iosn
EHCQAHUAESLCPubKHOPDUP<-VashBob>KE1RS6IF0YG
pu5soaBrn0usoetsvp,ob<TC-iue0so'umnhste0i HrsAecSdrOPH<
>
hash
EQUALei1p6m0t
Vneurmsbieorn SlcernigpthBob-PubKSig nSeuqmubenecre Oslucetrnpiguth Oslucetrnpigupth
T1
S1
BOB
-
1
IDX
00
-
1 2,000 498,0 0 LockTime
U.S. Patent Sep. 14 , 2021 Sheet 4 of 26 US 11,120,437 B2
When Bob gets rid of the asset, or no longerwants it public (or semi- public)knowledge, then he simply
spends the transaction output
Bob's Contract Cancellation
BOB - S1 - T2 Transaction -ID
Version number Version number
1 Number ofinputs
BOB -S1- T1 Prev Trans Output
IDX -00 Prev Trans Output Index
Script length Scriptlength
Sig-Bob OP_1AssetMetadata? AssetMetadataB PubK -Bob OP 3 OP_CHECKMULTISIG ScriptSig
Sequence number Sequence number
1 Number of outputs
1,000 Output value
Output script length Output script length
OP DUP OP HASH160 <PubK -Bob Hash > OP EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG Output script
LockTime LockTime
Fig . 2d
U.S. Patent Sep. 14 , 2021 Sheet 5 of 26 US 11,120,437 B2
Scenario Definition
Bob: Wish to create an asset with hidden ownership and publish it to the Blockchain
House Base Metadata
Field Sub- field Bytes Value Comments
Asset ContractType 4 0x0000FF04 Indicates unit
Metadata A ContractPointer 16 XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX .XXXX Address of the Asset Definiton file
Padding 12 W1
Spare
Asset ContractHash 20 To Hash of the Asset Definiton file (not thetokenisation !)
Metadata B Juristiction 2 EN Specifies that the assetis covered by English law
Options 2 0x0000 No optionsspecified
Padding 8 Spare
Fig . ??
Bob's Funding of the Asset
BOB - S2 -T1
1
<Bob's previous unspent BTC output - assume 500,000 satoshi
IDX - 00
Sig-Bob PubK -Bob
2
4,000 Output value
OP DUP OP HASH160 < PubK -Asset Hash >OP EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG
496,000
Output script length Output scriptlength
OP DUP OP HASH160 < PubK -Bob Hash > OP EQUALVERIFY OP CHECKSIG
Fig . 3b
U.S. Patent Sep. 14, 2021 Sheet 6 of 26 US 11,120,437 B2
Vneurmsbieorn
PAusbliecati'osn
AEHCDQsHAUEASeLCPH<-OPPubKt>VE1ORSa6IsFP0GhY
Asset
Pubk
-
Sig
ASSET
T1
S2
-
Vneurmsbioenr 1
-
T1
S2
BOB
00
-
IDX
2 1,00 2,0 0 3c
.
Fig
OACPsH_RE>2hAePCsctQKMuSea_tdr-BobsMUt<OPHe4aLit>d1TaeADIOpat6SaKIhPLB0mtAG
;icrpmls
it
to
the
Bobd
both
rRScecaqdrnuAsset
U.S. Patent Sep. 14 , 2021 Sheet 7 of 26 US 11,120,437 B2
Contract Closure
ASSET-S2-T2 Transaction -ID
Version number Version number
1 Number of inputs
ASSET -S2-T1 Prev Trans Output
IDX -00 Prev Trans OutputIndex
Script length Script length
Sig -AssetSig -Bob OP_2 AssetMetaDataA AssetMetadataB PubK-AssetPubK-Bob ScriptSig
OP 4 OP CHECKMULTISIG
Sequence number Sequencenumber
1 Number of outputs
1,000 Output value
Output scriptlength Output scriptlength
OP DUP OP HASH160 < PubK -Bob Hash >OP EQUALVERIFY OP CHECKSIG Output script
LockTime LockTime
Fig . 3d
U.S. Patent Sep. 14 , 2021 Sheet 8 of 26 US 11,120,437 B2
Open repayment
Trigger: every
Trigger: timer 3 months
(3 years) spend UTXO
Closed
Fig . 4a
Scenario Definition
Bob : I am leasing a car from Eve for a period of three years
Lease Base Metadata
Field Sub -field Bytes Value Comments
Asset ContractType 14 0x0000FF04 Indicates unit
Metadata A ContractPointer 16 XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX (...).xxxx Address ofthe Asset Definiton file
Padding 12 Spare
Asset ContractHash 20 Hash of the AssetDefiniton file (not the tokenisation !)
Metadata B Juristiction 2 EN Specifies that the asset is covered by English law
Options 2 0x0000 Nooptions specified
Padding 8 Spare
Fig . 4b
U.S. Patent Sep. 14, 2021 Sheet 9 of 26 US 11,120,437 B2
TransID-action Niunmpofbuetrs TOurPrevtapnust OTIurntPrevadpnusxt
Vneurmsbieonr SlcernigpthScriptSigSneuqmuebnecre NoumtfpbuetrsOvuatlpuetOslucetrnpigupth Osuctrpiupt vOuatlpuet Oslucetrnpigupth
LockTime Vneurmsbieonr
Dction Niunmpofbuetrs TOurtPrevapnust OTIurntadPrevpnusxt
Transa-
Slcernigpth n
S u
e qmube n
e cre o
N f
u t
m b
p u
e r
t s O
v a
u t
l pu e
t l
s
O e
c
utn
rpi
gup
t h
LockTime
CELrovenatthefri'asocnt EHCQOAHUsASuEcLDUPHCtve<->PubKashVrE1pRiS6IupF0tYG
T
C
Eieo
m
ther
vf
nel
ie
tn
ora
'
c t
a
k i
s
c od
tn
ACsSHscEetCrMKieMOP-1gvePubKt3OPUpaLtDdTasItSaiIABgG EHCQOsAHUAucESLCPDUP<-HPubKvetrV>ashKE1piRS6IuF0YGt
pu5soaErn0usvetp,oe<BTC-iu0so'mnhuste0i
S3
T1
-
EVE Vneurmsbieorn Slcernigpth SigEve-PubK nSeuqmubenecre Oslucetrnpiguth 498,0 0 Oslucetrnpigupth LockTime Vneurmsbieorn T2
3
-
EVE EVE
-
3
T1 Slcernigpth Sneuqmuebnecre Oslucetrnpigupth 40
.
Fig
1
IDX
00
-
2 2,0 0 IDX
-
00
1 2,000
1ACsHRsEeCAtcKMQeSOPPubK-3veUtdra>>>>LH<hashdTDiaI1tSAapI6BGmtL0 TstruabnmsNOTE
:
isaiime
ahead
atther
of
-
period
end
year
S3
EVE
when
Date
>>>>
3
plus
washree
han
1c ti
rseoqlu;
Redeem
Script
Eve
to
close
it
(
note
that
a
bothrionsg
imply
&
Eve
would
also
be
posBob
)i le
U.S. Patent Sep. 14 , 2021 Sheet 10 of 26 US 11,120,437 B2
Open Derive subkey,
transfer UTXO to subkey
Trigger: every 12 months
Trigger: manual
spend UTXO
Closed
Fig . 5a
Scenario Definition
Bob: I am leasing a house from Eve on an annual basis , but can cancel within 2 months of the anniversary
Lease Base Metadata
Field Sub-field Bytes Value Comments
Asset ContractType 4 0x0000FF04 Indicates unit
Metadata A ContractPointer 16 XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX (...).xxxx Address of the AssetDefiniton file
Padding 12 Spare
Asset ContractHash 20 Hash ofthe Asset Definiton file (not the tokenisation!)
Metadata B Juristiction 2 EN Specifies that the asset is covered by English law
Options 2 0x0000 Nooptions specified
Padding 8 Spare
Fig. 5b
U.S. Patent Sep. 14, 2021 Sheet 11 of 26 US 11,120,437 B2
Trans-IDaction Niunmpofbuetrs OTurtPrevapnust OTIurntPrevadpnusxt Slcernigpth SScriptSigneuqmuebnecreNoumtfpbuetrsOvuatlpute Oslucetrnpiguth OsuctrpiuptOvuatlpuetOslucetrnpigupth TransaID
-ction Niunmpofbuetrs OTIurntPrevadpnustx nSeuqmubenecreNoumtfpbuetrsOvuatlpuetOslucetrnpigupthOsuctrpiupt
Vneurmsbieonr LockTime Vneurmsiboenr Slcernigpth
LockTime
CELrovenatftheri'saocnt TCEiomvnetl-thenfRollorc'akcsdt Prevoof
Eve's
fee
<
satmining
1000
(
Trans
note
that
no
chage
from
given
can
be
this
Outputchi
OHECQAPOsUHSA_ucELPHbK<-veash>CtDVr1EpUiR6SIupP0FYGt AM2seAtaMseDSig
Bob
Eve
-
OPPubKtaScriptdtSigataAB
tberpsairfhnmcose)abofe
meanstl'uobiloenkytgpreanesvotnainputofhe>xactvalueriaiosn
which
puoa5sErn0usvet<eBTC-p,oiu0so'mnhuste0i
Date
EVE
when
T1
S4
-
trans>>>>
wasmplus
yearit d
1
SlcernigpthEve-PubKSignSeuqmubenecre Oslucetrnpiguth sOlcuertnipgutth Slcernigpth CHECKMOP5ULTISIGnSeuqmubenecre
Vneurmsbieorn 49 ,0 0 LockTime Vneurmsbioenr
T1
-
S4
EVE EVE
T2
S4
-
-
00
IDX
2 1,0 0 2
-
IDX
00
1
1,0 0 50
Fig
.
2MAOPse_HR5e0tErsPA_aeMcCHSQubKdBobve-EtrCa>>>>OPcH<hashDMUtial1LaTtIAp6SBIGt0mL 2ACsOHseErtCAMKecaPMSQPubK-BobveSK1t5UdracHL<hash>DTialItSaAp6IBGm0tL
aungletonctk
Scriptt;
rcieonOqsldnuecRedeem
2fpBob
Eve'sll
,
subkey
-
the
Agent
(toigaucnh
)
nrand racle
RrSicenodqmerup;
2tf
Eve
,
Bob
theeiunrpimnstg
and
TsraubnhsmNOTE:aisieoftimectatiodn
U.S. Patent Sep. 14, 2021 Sheet 12 of 26 US 11,120,437 B2
OTIurntaPrevdpnusxt S
n euqmu e
bnecre OTIurntPreyadpnusxt
Transa-
IDction Niunmpofbuetrs
Vneurmsbieorn Slcernigpth ScriptSig Slcernigpth nSeuqmubenecreNoumtfpbuetrs vOuatlpuetOslucetrnpigupth Osuctrpiupt
LockTime
TCiomenltEve's
Rollnf
-
theorcakcdt fee
mining
Eve's
sat<
of
1000
that
note
no
change
be
can
Prevo(
this
from
given
Trans
Outputchi
tberpsairfnhmcosea)bofe
whicht
meansl'uobiloenklytgpreansevatonofinputhe>xactvalueri iosn OAEPsS_2cevrAstMeatigBob-ubKMSceaptdatlDaSta1eBAig
Date
EVE
when
T2
S4
-
trans>>>>
wasmplus
yearit d
1
CEOPHEvCuKe_M-eUS5bLTKOIS1PIG
EVE
-
S4
T3 Vneurmsbioenr Slcernigpth SigEvePubK- -IDX00 Slcernigpth
T2
S4
-
EVE Sneuqmuebnecre
2
00
-
IDX
1,0 0
Fig
5c
cont.
(
)nued
1
cItpomenuprtbeomidlyear
After
first
,
Bobswith
and
doesn't
lease
.iafter
EVE
-n
is
T2
S3
itcked
by
Agent
(
)foruyear
another
also
he
he p hat
hisbly
acleled
on
roll
isOnludcebptr-
theeAgent
and
tokpigupnyh
2AsOEPsr_ehvCtHec_MuEQPHaC-BobdtrKAa<MS>OPUcDd_eiaLsHKlTtAp1Ia5S2Be6hImLtG0
by
EVE
be
done
using
logic
intecould
her
own
of
)r al rceoqnutScript
;
Redeem
out
2
of
Bob
Eve's
second
,rac
TsraubnhsmNOTE:aisieoftimecttaiodn
unlock
U.S. Patent Sep. 14 , 2021 Sheet 13 of 26 US 11,120,437 B2
Bob's Contract Termination
BOB -S4 -T1 Transaction -ID
Version number Versionumber
2 Number of inputs
<Bob's mining fee of 1000 satochi (note thatno change can be given from this Prev Trans Output
transaction) because of the effect of the timelock) which means that she'll probably
generate a previous transaction to get an input of the exactvalue>
IDX -00 Prev Trans Output Index
Script length Script length
Sig-Bob PubK -Bob ScriptSig
EVE -S4 - T2 Sequence number
IDX -00 Prev Trans Output Index
Script length Script length
Sig -Bob Sig-Oracle OP_2AssetMetaDataA AssetMetadataB PubK-Bob PubK-EveSK1 ScriptSig
PubK -Eve OP_3 OP_CHECKMULTISIG
Sequence number Sequencenumber
1 Number ofoutputs
1.000 Output value
Output script length Output scriptlength
OP DUP OP HASH160 <PubK -Eve Hash > OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG Output script
LockTime LockTime
Fig . 5d
U.S. Patent Sep. 14 , 2021 Sheet 14 of 26 US 11,120,437 B2
Awaiting Planning
Permission
Trigger: manual
Spent sub -contract UTXO
Awaiting Building
Control Sign -off
Trigger: manual
Spent sub -contract UTXO
Closed
Spent master
UTXO
Fig . 6a
U.S. Patent Sep. 14 , 2021 Sheet 15 of 26 US 11,120,437 B2
Scenario Definition
Bob : I am building a property, and I need two independent assessments at different times in the process
(planning permission and building accreditation) before the contract is fulfilled
House Base Metadata
Field Sub- field Bytes Value Comments
Asset ContractType 14 0x0000FF04 Indicates unit
Metadata A ContractPointer 16 XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX „XXXX Address of the AssetDefiniton file
Padding 12 Spare
Asset ContractHash 20 Hash of the Asset Definiton file (not the tokenisation!)
Metadata B Juristiction 2 EN Specifies that the asset is covered by English law
Options 2 0x0000 No options specified
Padding 8 Spare
Fig . 6b
U.S. Patent Sep. 14, 2021 Sheet 16 of 26 US 11,120,437 B2
1CMOAH>PesErCteKtuaMU-PBob4OPdsetLca>TeDtIlaStKIaeBGA
to
croenqcuOracle
,lurds
Bob
2t
;
Scriptf
Redeem
TransID-action Niunmpofbuetrs OTPurtapenuvst OTIurntPrevadpnusxt
Vneurmsbieorn Slcernigpth SneuqmuebnecreNoumtfpbuetrsOvuatlpuet Oslucetrnpiguth Osuctrpiupt Ovuatlpuet Oslucetrnpiguth Osuctrpiut
ScriptSig LockTime 6c
.
Fig
CPBroeunaptbthefiri'alotcsdnyt
ECHQAUESLCVPubKashOPDUPBob<->HKE1RSI6F0GY
pu5soaBrn0usoetvb<-TCp,oiue0so'mnhuste0i
OHrsPAec_SdrEHhashP<>Qei1Up6Amt0L
T1
BOB
S5
-
Vneurmsbioenr 1
00
-
IDX SlcernigpthBobPubkSio-nSeuqmubenecre 2,0 0 Oslucetrnpiguth 497,0 0 Oslucetrnpiguptth LockTime
2
U.S. Patent Sep. 14, 2021 Sheet 17 of 26 US 11,120,437 B2
AOurthaoPubK
5criltey
-P
AOslrPaRSeupcritqapnhdubut
-rpigechiuplvehmsgy
,
&
;
to
for
Bobdnd
2APBs>OlsoeuatcMbnetP-rSa>bpdiDKauntpa1gBtA
nScriptSigSeuqmubenecreNoutmfpbuetrs Ovuatlpuet vOautlpuet OslucetrnpigupthOsuctrpiuptLockTime
TransID-action NiunmpofbuetrsOTurtaPrevpnust OTIurntPrevadpnusxt Slcernigpth
Vneurmsbieorn
Fig
6c
(