sources/patents — index
Document text
Research, not advice. Part of the Bitcoin research archive (October 2026). Claims labelled unverified, contested or fringe are reported, not endorsed; statuses of bills and rules are as of the date checked. Government, court and patent records are public domain; the research notes are CC BY 4.0.
sources/patents — index
Full copies of public-domain documents used by notes/2026-10-09-patents.md: US patents and published US applications
(US government works, not subject to copyright), US federal court documents, and one US Government licensing statement.
Everything else the note relies on (news articles, company pages, analyst blogs) is summarised there with a link only.
- Where the PDFs come from: the "Download PDF" file that Google Patents links on each patent page
(
patentimages.storage.googleapis.com). Bibliographic data, legal status and expiry were read from the Google Patents page on 2026-10-09. Google states its legal status, assignee and priority fields are assumptions, not legal conclusions; check USPTO Patent Center (https://patentcenter.uspto.gov/applications/<application number>) before relying on one. - Retrieved: 2026-10-09 for every file.
- Size: about 120 MB in total; the largest single file is about 8 MB.
- Not downloaded: US12513853B2 (Green Revolution Cooling, granted 2025-12-30); Google Patents had no PDF for it yet. Its page is https://patents.google.com/patent/US12513853B2/en. Non-US documents (WO, EP, CN) are linked from the note but not saved, because their copyright status is not as clear as US government works.
Patents and published applications
Order: building blocks and prior art; the patents asserted against Bitcoin miners; mining hardware and infrastructure; nChain and Craig Wright; Coinbase; Bank of America; IBM; Visa; Mastercard; Square/Block; Blockstream; Accenture.
| Title | Inventors / assignee (issuer) | Date | URL | Retrieved | File |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4309569A — Method of providing digital signatures | Ralph C. Merkle; orig. Leland Stanford Junior University | filed 1979-09-05; granted 1982-01-05 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US4309569A-merkle-tree-signatures.pdf |
| US4759063A — Blind signature systems | David L. Chaum; orig. Individual; now Cufer Asset Ltd LLC | filed 1983-08-22; granted 1988-07-19 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US4759063A-chaum-blind-signatures.pdf |
| US4995082A — Method for identifying subscribers and for generating and verifying electronic signatures in a data exchange system | Claus P. Schnorr; orig. Individual; now PUBLIC KEY PARTNERS | filed 1990-02-23; granted 1991-02-19 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US4995082A-schnorr-signatures.pdf |
| US5136646A — Digital document time-stamping with catenate certificate | Stuart A. Haber, Wakefield S. Stornetta, Jr.; orig. Bell Communications Research Inc; now Iconectiv LLC | filed 1991-03-08; granted 1992-08-04 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US5136646A-haber-stornetta-catenate-timestamping.pdf |
| US5136647A — Method for secure time-stamping of digital documents | Stuart A. Haber, Wakefield S. Stornetta, Jr.; orig. Bell Communications Research Inc; now Iconectiv LLC | filed 1990-08-02; granted 1992-08-04 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US5136647A-haber-stornetta-secure-timestamping.pdf |
| US6829355B2 — Device for and method of one-way cryptographic hashing | Glenn M. Lilly; orig. National Security Agency; now ATTN PATENT COUNSEL OGC | filed 2001-03-05; granted 2004-12-07 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US6829355B2-nsa-sha2-hashing.pdf |
| US20100042841A1 — Updating and Distributing Encryption Keys | Neal King, Vladimir Oksman, Charles Bry; orig. Individual; now Intel Germany Holding GmbH | filed 2008-08-15; published 2010-02-18 (application, Abandoned) | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US20100042841A1-king-oksman-bry-encryption-keys.pdf |
| US8788827B2 — Accelerated verification of digital signatures and public keys | Marinus Struik, Daniel R. Brown, Scott A. Vanstone, Robert P. Gallant et al.; orig. Certicom Corp; now Malikie Innovations Ltd | filed 2012-09-14; granted 2014-07-22 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US8788827B2-certicom-malikie-signature-verification.pdf |
| US10284370B2 — Accelerated verification of digital signatures and public keys | Marinus Struik, Daniel Richard L. BROWN, Scott Alexander Vanstone, Robert Philip Gallant et al.; orig. Certicom Corp; now Malikie Innovations Ltd | filed 2014-06-27; granted 2019-05-07 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US10284370B2-certicom-malikie-signature-verification-2.pdf |
| US7372960B2 — Method and apparatus for performing finite field calculations | Robert J. Lambert; orig. Certicom Corp; now Malikie Innovations Ltd | filed 2002-01-29; granted 2008-05-13 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US7372960B2-certicom-malikie-finite-field.pdf |
| US8666062B2 — Method and apparatus for performing finite field calculations | Robert J. Lambert; orig. Certicom Corp; now Malikie Innovations Ltd | filed 2008-04-11; granted 2014-03-04 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US8666062B2-certicom-malikie-finite-field-2.pdf |
| US7372961B2 — Method of public key generation | Scott A. Vanstone, Ashok Vadekar, Robert J. Lambert, Robert P. Gallant et al.; orig. Certicom Corp; now Malikie Innovations Ltd | filed 2001-12-26; granted 2008-05-13 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US7372961B2-certicom-malikie-public-key-generation.pdf |
| US11113676B2 — Block mining methods and apparatus | Timo Tobias HANKE, Sergio Demian LERNER; orig. Top Galore Ltd; now Circle Line International Ltd | filed 2016-04-28; granted 2021-09-07 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US11113676B2-asicboost-block-mining.pdf |
| US11574372B2 — Blockchain mine at oil or gas facility | Stephen BARBOUR; orig. Upstream Data Inc | filed 2018-02-06; granted 2023-02-07 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US11574372B2-upstream-data-wellsite-mining.pdf |
| US10608433B1 — Methods and systems for adjusting power consumption based on a fixed-duration power option agreement | Michael T. McNamara, Raymond E. Cline, Jr.; orig. Lancium LLC | filed 2019-12-04; granted 2020-03-31 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US10608433B1-lancium-power-option-agreement.pdf |
| US10405457B2 — Appliance immersion cooling system | Christopher L. Boyd, James P. Koen, David Christopher Laguna, Thomas R. Turner et al.; orig. Midas Green Technologies LLC; now MIDAS GREEN TECHNOLOGY LLC | filed 2013-12-13; granted 2019-09-03 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US10405457B2-midas-green-immersion-cooling.pdf |
| US10123463B2 — Liquid submerged, horizontal computer server rack and systems and method of cooling such a server rack | Christiaan Scott Best, Mark Garnett; orig. GREEN REVOLUTION COOLING Inc | filed 2009-08-10; granted 2018-11-06 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US10123463B2-grc-immersion-server-rack.pdf |
| US10313108B2 — Energy-efficient bitcoin mining hardware accelerators | Vikram B. Suresh, Sudhir K. Satpathy, Sanu K. Mathew; orig. Intel Corp | filed 2016-06-29; granted 2019-06-04 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US10313108B2-intel-bitcoin-mining-accelerator.pdf |
| US12063291B2 — Devices and circuitry for computing hash values | Veerbhan Kheterpal, Daniel Firu, Nigel Drego; orig. Coinbase Inc | filed 2020-09-10; granted 2024-08-13 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US12063291B2-coinbase-21inc-sha256-circuitry.pdf |
| US10652014B2 — Determining a common secret for the secure exchange of information and hierarchical, deterministic cryptographic keys | Craig Steven Wright, Stephane Savanah; orig. Nchain Holdings Ltd; now Nchain Licensing AG | filed 2017-02-16; granted 2020-05-12 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US10652014B2-nchain-wright-common-secret-hd-keys.pdf |
| US10659223B2 — Secure multiparty loss resistant storage and transfer of cryptographic keys for blockchain based systems in conjunction with a wallet management system | Craig Steven Wright, Stephane Savanah; orig. Nchain Holdings Ltd; now Nchain Licensing AG | filed 2018-08-23; granted 2020-05-19 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US10659223B2-nchain-wright-secret-sharing-wallet.pdf |
| US11120437B2 — Registry and automated management method for blockchain-enforced smart contracts | Craig Steven Wright, Stephane Savanah; orig. Nchain Holdings Ltd; now Nchain Licensing AG | filed 2017-02-16; granted 2021-09-14 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US11120437B2-nchain-wright-smart-contract-registry.pdf |
| US12032677B2 — Agent-based turing complete transactions integrating feedback within a blockchain system | Craig Steven Wright, Stephane Savanah; orig. Nchain Licensing AG | filed 2021-12-03; granted 2024-07-09 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US12032677B2-nchain-wright-turing-complete-reexam.pdf |
| US9735958B2 — Key ceremony of a security system forming part of a host computer for cryptographic transactions | Andrew E. Alness, James Bradley Hudon; orig. Coinbase Inc | filed 2015-05-19; granted 2017-08-15 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US9735958B2-coinbase-key-ceremony.pdf |
| US10755241B2 — Hot wallet for holding bitcoin | Julian Langschaedel, Brian D. Armstrong, Fred E. Ehrsam; orig. Coinbase Inc | filed 2015-03-17; granted 2020-08-25 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US10755241B2-coinbase-hot-wallet-key-splitting.pdf |
| US10510053B2 — Send cryptographic currency to email address | Brian D. Armstrong; orig. Coinbase Inc | filed 2015-03-17; granted 2019-12-17 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US10510053B2-coinbase-send-to-email.pdf |
| US10903991B1 — Systems and methods for generating signatures | Jake Craige, Jesse Posner, Adam Everspaugh; orig. Coinbase Inc | filed 2020-08-03; granted 2021-01-26 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US10903991B1-coinbase-mpc-signatures.pdf |
| US10255600B2 — Cryptocurrency offline vault storage system | James G. Ronca, Joseph B. Castinado, Heather Dolan, Thomas E. Durbin; orig. Bank of America Corp | filed 2014-06-16; granted 2019-04-09 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US10255600B2-bofa-offline-vault.pdf |
| US10275772B2 — Cryptocurrency risk detection system | James G. Ronca, Joseph B. Castinado, Heather Dolan, Thomas E. Durbin et al.; orig. Bank of America Corp | filed 2014-06-16; granted 2019-04-30 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US10275772B2-bofa-risk-detection.pdf |
| US20150262173A1 — System and Method for Wire Transfers Using Cryptocurrency | Thomas Edward Durbin, James Gregory Ronca; orig. Bank of America Corp | filed 2014-03-17; published 2015-09-17 (application, Abandoned) | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US20150262173A1-bofa-wire-transfers-application.pdf |
| US10367645B2 — Proof-of-work for smart contracts on a blockchain | Sampath Dechu, Ramachandra Kota, Pratyush Kumar; orig. International Business Machines Corp | filed 2016-10-26; granted 2019-07-30 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US10367645B2-ibm-proof-of-work-smart-contracts.pdf |
| US11568416B2 — Cryptocurrency transaction pattern based threat intelligence | Markus Ludwig, Marc Noske, Dirk Harz, Johannes Noll et al.; orig. International Business Machines Corp | filed 2019-06-24; granted 2023-01-31 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US11568416B2-ibm-crypto-threat-intelligence.pdf |
| US11507929B2 — Digital fiat currency | Simon J Hurry, Alexandre Pierre; orig. Visa International Service Association | filed 2019-11-08; granted 2022-11-22 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US11507929B2-visa-digital-fiat-currency.pdf |
| US11055707B2 — Cryptocurrency infrastructure system | Phaneendra Ramaseshu Lingappa; orig. Visa International Service Association | filed 2015-06-24; granted 2021-07-06 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US11055707B2-visa-cryptocurrency-infrastructure.pdf |
| US9948467B2 — Method and system for blockchain variant using digital signatures | David J. King; orig. Mastercard International Inc | filed 2015-12-21; granted 2018-04-17 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US9948467B2-mastercard-blockchain-signatures.pdf |
| US10963881B2 — Method and system for fraud control of blockchain-based transactions | Steven Charles DAVIS; orig. Mastercard International Inc | filed 2015-05-21; granted 2021-03-30 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US10963881B2-mastercard-blockchain-fraud-control.pdf |
| US10540639B2 — Cryptocurrency payment network | Christopher Michael BROCK, Brian Grassadonia, Michael Moring; orig. Square Inc; now Block Inc | filed 2018-09-14; granted 2020-01-21 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US10540639B2-square-block-crypto-payment-network.pdf |
| US10812274B2 — Transferring ledger assets between blockchains via pegged sidechains | Adam Back, Gregory MAXWELL, Matt Corallo, Luke Dashjr et al.; orig. Blockstream Corp | filed 2016-05-09; granted 2020-10-20 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US10812274B2-blockstream-pegged-sidechains.pdf |
| US9967088B2 — Rewritable blockchain | Giuseppe Ateniese, Michael T. Chiaramonte, David Treat, Bernardo Magri et al.; orig. Accenture Global Solutions Ltd | filed 2017-05-16; granted 2018-05-08 | Google Patents · PDF | 2026-10-09 | US9967088B2-accenture-rewritable-blockchain.pdf |
Court documents and government statements
| Title | Issuer | Date | URL | Retrieved | File |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In re Core Scientific, Inc., No. 2026-140, order denying mandamus (Malikie Innovations and Key Patent Innovations v. Core Scientific, E.D. Tex. No. 2:25-cv-00519-JRG-RSP; Bitcoin-mining patent case stays in the Eastern District of Texas) | US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (Prost, Mayer, Cunningham; order by Cunningham) | 2026-06-29 | https://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/opinions-orders/26-140.ORDER.6-29-2026_2715846.pdf | 2026-10-09 | 2026-06-29-CAFC-26-140-In-re-Core-Scientific-Malikie-mandamus-denied.pdf |
| BearBox LLC and Austin Storms v. Lancium LLC et al., C.A. No. 21-534-MN-CJB, report and recommendation on the motion for judgment on the pleadings (inventorship dispute over US 10,608,433) | US District Court for the District of Delaware (Magistrate Judge Christopher J. Burke) | 2022-01-18 | https://www.ded.uscourts.gov/sites/ded/files/opinions/21-534.pdf | 2026-10-09 | DDel-21-534-BearBox-v-Lancium-report-and-recommendation.pdf |
| IETF IPR disclosure 858: "The United States of America as represented by the National Security Agency's general license statement" (US 6,829,355, the SHA-2 patent, made available royalty-free). Text extract of the disclosure; page navigation removed | National Security Agency (via IETF Datatracker) | submitted 2007-06-20 | https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/858/ | 2026-10-09 | 2007-IETF-IPR-858-NSA-royalty-free-statement-US6829355.txt |