Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Fincen
· snapshot 1999-08-20
FinCEN. 1999-08-20. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: 45438 Federal Register / Vol. 64, No. 161 / Friday, August 20, 1999 / Rules and Regulations Alternative Methods of Compliance amendments revise the definitions of (K) an issuer, redeemer, or cashier of (b) An alternative method of compliance or certain non-bank financial institutions travelers’ checks, checks, money orders, or adjustment of the compliance time that for purposes of the Bank Secrecy Act similar instruments; provides an acceptable level of safety may be and group the revised definitions * *…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Fincen
· snapshot 2011-07-21
FinCEN. 2011-07-21. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 140 / Thursday, July 21, 2011 / Rules and Regulations 43585 PART 870—CARDIOVASCULAR operations, evolving technologies, and person who engages as a business in the DEVICES merging lines of business; and transmission of funds; and any business…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Fincen
· snapshot 2011-07-21
FinCEN. 2011-07-21. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: this section, the term ‘‘money services exchange for the currency, or other one person and the transmission of business’’ shall not include: monetary instruments, funds, or other currency, funds, or other value that…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Fincen
· snapshot 2013-03-18
FinCEN. 2013-03-18. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: Guidance FIN-2013-G001 Issued: March 18, 2013 Subject: Application of FinCEN’s Regulations to Persons Administering, Exchanging, or Using Virtual Currencies The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) is issuing this interpretive guidance to clarify the applicability of the regulations implementing the Bank Secrecy Act (“BSA”) to persons creating, obtaining, distributing, exchanging, accepting, or transmitting virtual currencies.1 Such persons are referred to in this guidance as “users,” “administrators,” and “exchangers,” all as defined below.2 A user of virtual…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Fincen
· snapshot 2013-06-06
FinCEN. 2013-06-06. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: 34008 Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 109 / Thursday, June 6, 2013 / Proposed Rules policy that the United States would not responsibilities between Federal assessing proliferation risks, and will engage in nuclear fuel reprocessing agencies, and the NRC’s extensive continue to address proliferation risks because of concerns about nuclear…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Fincen
· snapshot 2013-06-06
FinCEN. 2013-06-06. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 109 / Thursday, June 6, 2013 / Notices 34169 The CDFI Fund will collect information C. Certification, Compliance I. Statutory Provisions from each such Awardee on its use of Monitoring and Evaluation (CCME) On October 26, 2001, the President the Award at least once following the…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Fincen
· snapshot 2014-01-30
FinCEN. 2014-01-30. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: FIN-2014-R001 Issued: January 30, 2014 Subject: Application of FinCEN’s Regulations to Virtual Currency Mining Operations _____________________________________________________________________________ Dear [ ]: This responds to your letter of June 1, 2013, seeking an administrative ruling from the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) on behalf of [the Company], about [the Company]’s possible status as a money services business (“MSB”) under the Bank Secrecy Act (“BSA”). Specifically, you ask whether certain ways of disposing of the Bitcoins mined by [the Company…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Fincen
· snapshot 2014-01-30
FinCEN. 2014-01-30. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: FIN-2014-R002 Issued: January 30, 2014 Subject: Application of FinCEN’s Regulations to Virtual Currency Software Development and Certain Investment Activity _______________________________________________________________________ Dear [ ]: This responds to your letters of May 21, 2013 and July 10, 2013, seeking an administrative ruling from the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) regarding the status of [ ] (the “Company”) as a money services business (“MSB”) under the Bank Secrecy Act (“BSA”). Specifically, you ask whether the periodic investment o…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Fincen
· snapshot 2014-04-29
FinCEN. 2014-04-29. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: FIN-2014-R007 Issued: April 29, 2014 Subject: Application of Money Services Business regulations to the rental of computer systems for mining virtual currency Dear [ ]: This responds to your letter mailed to us on February 26, 2014, seeking an administrative ruling from the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) regarding the status of [ ] (the “Company”) as a money services business (“MSB”) under the Bank Secrecy Act (“BSA”). Specifically, you ask whether the rental of computer systems for mining virtual currency would make the Company an administrator of virtual currency or…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Fincen
· snapshot 2014-10-27
FinCEN. 2014-10-27. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: FIN-2014-R011 Issued: October 27, 2014 Subject: Request for Administrative Ruling on the Application of FinCEN’s Regulations to a Virtual Currency Trading Platform Dear [ ]: This responds to your letter of December 3, 2013, seeking an administrative ruling from the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) on behalf of [ ] (the “Company”), about the Company’s possible status as a money services business (“MSB”) under the Bank Secrecy Act (“BSA”). Specifically, you ask whether the convertible virtual currency trading and booking platform that the Company intends to set up (the “P…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Fincen
· snapshot 2014-10-27
FinCEN. 2014-10-27. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: FIN-2014-R012 Issued: October 27, 2014 Subject: Request for Administrative Ruling on the Application of FinCEN’s Regulations to a Virtual Currency Payment System Dear [ ]: This responds to your letter of January 6, 2014, seeking an administrative ruling from the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) on behalf of [ ] (the “Company”), about the Company’s possible status as a money services business (“MSB”) under the Bank Secrecy Act (“BSA”). Specifically, you ask whether the convertible virtual currency payment system the Company intends to set up (the “System”) would make the…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Fincen
· snapshot 2015-05-05
FinCEN. 2015-05-05. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK IN THE MATTER OF: ) ) ) ) Number 2015-05 Ripple Labs Inc. ) San Francisco, California ) ) XRP II, LLC…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Fincen
· snapshot 2015-05-05
FinCEN. 2015-05-05. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: Steve Hudak May 5, 2015 703-905-3770 FinCEN Fines Ripple Labs Inc. in First Civil Enforcement Action Against a Virtual Currency Exchanger Company Agrees to $700,000 Penalty and Remedial Actions Washington, DC – The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), working in coordination with the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Northern District of California (USAO- NDCA), assessed a $700,000 civil money penalty today against Ri…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Fincen
· snapshot 2015-05-05
FinCEN / USAO N.D. Cal.. 2015-05-05. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: ATTACHMENT B: REMEDIAL FRAMEWORK 1. Monetary Penalties: Ripple Labs Inc. and XRP II, LLC (formerly known as XRP Fund II, LLC) agree to forfeit $450,000.00 to the Office of the United States Attorney for the Northern District of California (“U.S. Attorney’s Office”). Ripple Labs and XRP II further agree to pay a civil money penalty to FinCEN in the amount of $700,000.00, within 30 days of the date of this agreement. Payment of the forfeiture to the U.S. Attorney’s Office shall be deemed creditable toward FinCEN’s civil money penalty. 2. Migration of Ripple Tr…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Fincen
· snapshot 2015-05-05
FinCEN / USAO N.D. Cal.. 2015-05-05. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: ATTACHMENT A: STATEMENT OF FACTS AND VIOLATIONS I. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1. Ripple Labs Inc. (“Ripple Labs”) is a corporation registered in Delaware and headquartered in San Francisco, California. NewCoin, Inc. and OpenCoin, Inc. (“OpenCoin”) are the predecessors of Ripple Labs. 2. Ripple Labs facilitated transfers of virtual currency and provided virtual currency exchange transaction services. 3. The currency of the Ripple network, known as “XRP,” was pre-mined. In other words, unlike some other virtual currencies, XRP wa…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Fincen
· snapshot 2015-08-14
FinCEN. 2015-08-14. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: RULING FIN-2015-R001 Issued: August 14, 2015 Subject: Application of FinCEN’s Regulations to Persons Issuing Physical or Digital Negotiable Certificates of Ownership of Precious Metals Dear [ ]: This responds to your letter of July 15, 2014, seeking an administrative ruling from the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) on behalf of [ ] (the “Company”), regarding FinCEN’s money services business (“MSB”) regulations under the Bank Secrecy Act (“BSA”). Specifically, you ask for FinCEN’s determination as to whether the operations and transaction services offered by the Company…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Fincen
· snapshot 2016-02-24
FinCEN. 2016-02-24. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 36 / Wednesday, February 24, 2016 / Proposed Rules 9139 For the Commission. the BSA and its implementing of its finding and NPRM on June 6, Cynthia G. Pierre, regulations has been delegated to the 2013. The Department of Justice Chief Operating Offi…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Fincen
· snapshot 2017-07-26
FinCEN. 2017-07-26. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK IN THE MATTER OF: ) ) ) ) Number 2017-03 BTC-E a/k/a Canton Business Corporation ) and Alexander Vinnik )…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Fincen
· snapshot 2019-04-18
FinCEN. 2019-04-18. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK IN THE MATTER OF: ) ) ) ) Number 2019-01 Eric Powers ) Kern County, California ) ASSESSMENT OF CIVIL MONEY PENALTY I.…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Fincen
· snapshot 2019-05-09
FinCEN. 2019-05-09. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: FIN-2019-A003 May 9, 2019 Advisory on Illicit Activity Involving Convertible Virtual Currency Criminals continue to exploit virtual currency to support illegal activity, money laundering, and other behavior endangering U.S. national security, including through entities facilitating its anonymous use. The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is issuing This Advisory should be shared…