Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)

A research archive on Bitcoin compiled in October 2026: US federal and state law (FinCEN's virtual-currency record from 1999, the 2020 unhosted-wallet rule and its 2026 withdrawal, notes on all 50 states and DC), KYC/AML for buying and selling, banking, exchanges, wallets, payment processors, hacks and their causes, patents, the 2007–2011 origins, and the evidence on who Satoshi Nakamoto is. Every note dates and cites its claims and labels anything unverified, contested or fringe. Government, court and patent records are kept here in full; other sources are cited with a link to the original. Filter by case to pick a topic, such as fincen, states or notes. Download it all as a dataset. Research, not advice. These notes explain what happened and why; they are not recommendations to buy or sell. Statuses of bills and rules are as checked on the date each note gives.

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155 documents · case: fincen

Consent Order: In the Matter of Bittrex, Inc. (No. 2022-03)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2022-10-11

FinCEN. 2022-10-11. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY IN THE MATTER OF: ) ) Number 2022-03 Bittrex, Inc. ) ) CONSENT ORDER IMPOSING CIVIL MONEY PENALTY The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) has conducted a civil enforcement investigation and determined that grounds exist to impose a Civil Mone…

Financial Trend Analysis: Ransomware Trends in BSA Data, Jul-Dec 2021

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2022-11-01

FinCEN. 2022-11-01. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: i F I N A N C I A L T R E N D A N A L Y S I S Ransomware Trends in Bank Secrecy Act Data between July 2021 and December 2021: Russia-Related Malware Dominates Ransomware Landscape This Financial Trend Analysis builds on the previous Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) report, “Ransomware Trends in Bank Secrecy Act Data Between January 2021 and June 2021,” published on 15 October 2021.1 This report focuses on ransomware pattern and trend information identified in Bank Secrecy Act (B…

FAQs on the Bitzlato section 9714 order

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2023-01-18

FinCEN. 2023-01-18. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Financial Crimes Enforcement Network U.S. Department of the Treasury Washington, D.C. 20220 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Issued: January 18, 2023 Subject: Section 9714 Order Prohibits Certain Transmittals of Funds Involving Bitzlato On January 18, 2023, FinCEN issued an order that identifies Bitzlato Limited (Bitzlato), a financial institution operating outside of the United States, to be of primary money laundering concern in connection with Russian illicit finance and prohib…

Order: Imposition of special measure prohibiting transmittals of funds involving Bitzlato (88 FR 3919)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2023-01-23

FinCEN. 2023-01-23 (order dated 2023-01-18). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 14 / Monday, January 23, 2023 / Rules and Regulations 3919 the RECA Trust Fund shall terminate on Accordingly, the Department will not DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY the date that is 2 years after the law’s accept electronically submitted claims. date of enactment. In addition, a claim…

FIN-2023-Alert005: Prevalent virtual currency investment scam known as 'pig butchering'

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2023-09-08

FinCEN. 2023-09-08. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: FIN-2023-Alert005 September 8, 2023 FinCEN Alert on Prevalent Virtual Currency Investment Scam Commonly Known as “Pig Butchering” The U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is issuing this alert to Filing Request: U.S. financial institutions1 and the broader public to bring FinCEN requests that financial…

FIN-2023-Alert006: Hamas terrorist financing (virtual currency fundraising)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2023-10-20

FinCEN. 2023-10-20. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: FIN-2023-Alert006 October 20, 2023 FinCEN Alerts Financial Institutions to Hamas’s Terrorist Financing The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) issuing this alert to assist financial institutions in identifying Filing Request: funding streams for the terrorist organization Hamas.1…

NPRM: Special measure regarding CVC mixing as a class of transactions of primary money laundering concern (88 FR 72701) (Part 1 of 2)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2023-10-23

FinCEN. 2023-10-23. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 203 / Monday, October 23, 2023 / Proposed Rules 72701 List of Subjects in 30 CFR Part 926 finding that reasonable grounds exist for money laundering concern, the State regulatory program approval, concluding that one or more classes of Secretary is required to consult with State-Federal cooperative agreement,…

NPRM: Special measure regarding CVC mixing as a class of transactions of primary money laundering concern (88 FR 72701) (Part 2 of 2)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2023-10-23

FinCEN. 2023-10-23. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: special applicability of the proposed definition illustrate how the recommended measure one reporting and of ‘‘covered transactions’’? revisions would improve upon the recordkeeping requirements, as Alternatively, are there other definition as proposed. proposed, impose expected costs to…

Financial Trend Analysis: CVC use in online child sexual exploitation and human trafficking (BSA data 2020-2021)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2024-02-13

FinCEN. 2024-02-13. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: i F I N A N C I A L T R E N D A N A L Y S I S Use of Convertible Virtual Currency for Suspected Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Human Trafficking: Threat Pattern & Trend Information, January 2020 to December 2021 This Financial Trend Analysis focuses on online child sexual exploitation (OCSE) and human trafficking patterns and trend information identified in Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) data involving the use of convertible virtual currency (CVC). This report is issued pursuant to Section 6206 of the Anti- Money L…

FIN-2024-A001: Advisory to counter the financing of Iran-backed terrorist organizations (CVC section)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2024-05-08

FinCEN. 2024-05-08. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: FIN-2024-A001 May 08, 2024 FinCEN Advisory to Financial Institutions to Counter the Financing of Iran-Backed Terrorist Organizations In light of intensified terrorist activity in the Middle East, FinCEN urges vigilance in identifying potential suspicious activity related to the financing of Iran-backed militias and terrorist organizations, including Hamas, the Houthis, Hizballah, Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), and Iran-aligned militia groups in Iraq…

FIN-2024-A002: Supplemental advisory on fentanyl precursor procurement (CVC mentions)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2024-06-20

FinCEN. 2024-06-20. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: FIN-2024-A002 June 20, 2024 Supplemental Advisory on the Procurement of Precursor Chemicals and Manufacturing Equipment Used for the Synthesis of Illicit Fentanyl and Other Synthetic Opioids Amidst a nationwide opioid epidemic, FinCEN urges vigilance in identifying potential suspicious activity related to the procurement of precursor chemicals, pill presses, die molds, and other manufacturing equipment used for the synthesis of illicit fentanyl…

Order: Special measure prohibiting transmittals of funds involving PM2BTC (89 FR 82499)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2024-10-11

FinCEN. 2024-10-11 (announced 2024-09-26). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 198 / Friday, October 11, 2024 / Rules and Regulations 82499 DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY II. Background file reports, or both, concerning the aggregate amount of transactions or Financial Crimes E…

FIN-2024-Alert004: Fraud schemes involving deepfake media (CVC mentions)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2024-11-13

FinCEN. 2024-11-13. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: FIN-2024-Alert004 November 13, 2024 FinCEN Alert on Fraud Schemes Involving Deepfake Media Targeting Financial Institutions The U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is issuing this alert Filing Request: to help financial institutions1 identify fraud schemes FinCEN requests that financial associated with the use…

FIN-2024-Alert005: Fraud schemes abusing FinCEN's name and the MSB registration tool

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2024-12-18

FinCEN. 2024-12-18. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: FIN-2024-Alert005 December 18, 2024 FinCEN Alert on Fraud Schemes Abusing FinCEN’s Name, Insignia, and Authorities for Financial Gain The U.S. Department of the Treasury’s (Treasury) Financial Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is issuing this alert Filing Request: to raise awareness of fraud sch…

FIN-2025-A001: Advisory on the financing of ISIS and its affiliates (virtual currency section)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2025-04-01

FinCEN. 2025-04-01. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: FIN-2025-A001 April 1, 2025 FinCEN Advisory on the Financing of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and its Global Affiliates The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) is issuing this Advisory to assist financial institutions in Filing Request: identifying and reporting suspicious activity related t…

NPRM: Special measure regarding Huione Group (90 FR 18934) (Part 1 of 2)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2025-05-05

FinCEN. 2025-05-05. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: 18934 Federal Register / Vol. 90, No. 85 / Monday, May 5, 2025 / Proposed Rules under the criteria of the Regulatory DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (iii) One or more classes of Flexibility Act. transactions within, or involving, a…

NPRM: Special measure regarding Huione Group (90 FR 18934) (Part 2 of 2)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2025-05-05

FinCEN. 2025-05-05. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: 98 31 U.S.C 5318A(b)(3)(B). 101 See 31 CFR 1010.605(c)(2)(i). 99 31 U.S.C. 5318A(b)(2). 100 31 U.S.C. 5318A(b)(5). 102 See 31 CFR 1010.605(c)(2)(ii)–(iv). VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:16 May 02, 2025 Jkt 265001 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\05MYP1.SGM 05MYP1…

Request for comment: Innovative methods to detect illicit activity involving digital assets (GENIUS Act sec. 9) (90 FR 40148)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2025-08-18

Treasury Department. 2025-08-18. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: 40148 Federal Register / Vol. 90, No. 157 / Monday, August 18, 2025 / Notices 6. GRINEX (a.k.a. OBSHCHESTVO S Russia-Related Sanctions Regulations, Do not include any personally OGRANICHENNOI OTVETSTVENN- 31 CFR 589.201; Organization identifiable information (such as name, OSTYU GRINEKS), Moscow, Russia; Establish…

FIN-2025-A003: Advisory on Chinese money laundering networks used by Mexico-based TCOs (CVC mirror transactions)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2025-08-28

FinCEN. 2025-08-28. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: FIN-2025-A003 August 28, 2025 FinCEN Advisory on the Use of Chinese Money Laundering Networks by Mexico-Based Transnational Criminal Organizations to Launder Illicit Proceeds The U.S. Department of the Treasury’s (Treasury) Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is Filing Request: FinCEN requests that financial…

FIN-2025-NTC2: Financially motivated sextortion (CVC payments)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2025-09-08

FinCEN. 2025-09-08. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: FIN-2025-NTC2 September 8, 2025 FinCEN Notice on Financially Motivated Sextortion The U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is issuing this Notice Filing Request to financial institutions1 to assist in identifying and FinCEN requests that financial reporting suspicious activity related to financially institutions reference this…