Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)

A research archive on Bitcoin compiled in October 2026: US federal and state law (FinCEN's virtual-currency record from 1999, the 2020 unhosted-wallet rule and its 2026 withdrawal, notes on all 50 states and DC), KYC/AML for buying and selling, banking, exchanges, wallets, payment processors, hacks and their causes, patents, the 2007–2011 origins, and the evidence on who Satoshi Nakamoto is. Every note dates and cites its claims and labels anything unverified, contested or fringe. Government, court and patent records are kept here in full; other sources are cited with a link to the original. Filter by case to pick a topic, such as fincen, states or notes. Download it all as a dataset. Research, not advice. These notes explain what happened and why; they are not recommendations to buy or sell. Statuses of bills and rules are as checked on the date each note gives.

🧠 Ask this record

Get an AI answer drawn only from the Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) documents indexed here — every claim cited back to the filing or proceeding it came from. It will tell you plainly when the record doesn't cover your question, rather than guessing.

155 documents · case: fincen

NPRM: Permitted Payment Stablecoin Issuer Customer Identification Program (91 FR 37234) (Part 1 of 4)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-06-22

FinCEN, OCC, Fed, FDIC, NCUA. 2026-06-22. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: 37234 Federal Register / Vol. 91, No. 118 / Monday, June 22, 2026 / Proposed Rules DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY you do not want publicly disclosed. All ‘‘Search.’’ Click on the ‘‘Documents’’ tab comments are public records; they are and then the document’s title. After Financial Crimes Enforcement Network…

NPRM: Permitted Payment Stablecoin Issuer Customer Identification Program (91 FR 37234) (Part 2 of 4)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-06-22

FinCEN, OCC, Fed, FDIC, NCUA. 2026-06-22. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: regulatory economic analysis, FinCEN ensue from an ineffective AML/CFT CIP; maintain risk-based procedures for and the Agencies’ assessment of impact regime.113 verifying the identity of each customer begins with an overview of broad FinCEN and the Agencies expect that to the extent reasonable and practicable; economic considerations, identifying,…

NPRM: Permitted Payment Stablecoin Issuer Customer Identification Program (91 FR 37234) (Part 3 of 4)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-06-22

FinCEN, OCC, Fed, FDIC, NCUA. 2026-06-22. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: examinations, or related significant financial requirements for with the issuer. supervisory actions of enforcement primary market participants that ii. Alternative Information activities as a consequence of the exclude retail traders. Requirements proposal. Consequently, the cost Despite this…

NPRM: Permitted Payment Stablecoin Issuer Customer Identification Program (91 FR 37234) (Part 4 of 4)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-06-22

FinCEN, OCC, Fed, FDIC, NCUA. 2026-06-22. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: the permitted payment individual (such as a corporation, any amendments thereto showing the stablecoin issuer should not open an partnership, or trust), a principal place existence of the entity, such as certified account; of business, local office, or other articles of incorporation, a government- (B) The terms under which a customer…

NPRM: Amend definition of Huione Group to add H-Pay Service PLC and successor entities (91 FR 38340)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-06-25

FinCEN. 2026-06-25. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: 38340 Federal Register / Vol. 91, No. 121 / Thursday, June 25, 2026 / Proposed Rules DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND applies, neither an environmental address, or other contact information) or HUMAN SERVICES assessment nor an environmental confidential business information that…

FIN-2026-Alert003: Supplemental alert on cartel fuel smuggling (stablecoin payments)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-06-30

FinCEN. 2026-06-30. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: FIN-2026-Alert003 June 30, 2026 FinCEN Supplemental Alert on Fuel Smuggling and Tax Evasion Schemes on the Southern Border Associated with Mexico-Based Cartels The U.S. Department of the Treasury’s (Treasury) Financial Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is issuing this Filing Request: supplemental Alert to advise financial institutions1 to be FinCEN requests…

FIN-2026-Alert004: Fraud schemes targeting federal student aid (digital asset cash-out)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-07-24

FinCEN. 2026-07-24. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: FIN-2026-Alert004 July 24, 2026 FinCEN Alert on Fraud Schemes Targeting Federal Student Aid The U.S. Department of the Treasury’s (Treasury) Financial Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is issuing this Alert, Filing Request: in consultation with the U.S. Department of Education’s…

NPRM: GENIUS Act regulations on payment stablecoin issuance, offer and sale (91 FR 53368) (Part 2 of 2)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-08-18

Treasury Department. 2026-08-18. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: stablecoin is outside the issued ‘‘in the United States’’ based on unambiguous line as to whether United States. Similar to proposed the location of the issuer and acquirer. payment stablecoins were issued in the § 1523.2(c), the reasonable belief For example, a nominally offshore United States that depends only on standard could be…

FIN-2026-Alert005: Money laundering associated with digital asset investment scam centers

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-09-03

FinCEN. 2026-09-03. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: FIN-2026-Alert005 September 3, 2026 FinCEN Alert on Money Laundering Activity Associated with Digital Asset Investment Scam Centers The U.S. Department of the Treasury’s (Treasury) Financial Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is issuing this Alert Filing Request: to urge financial institutions1 to be vigilant in detecting, FinCEN r…

Financial Trend Analysis: Digital asset investment scams (BSA data Sept 2023 - Dec 2025)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-09-03

FinCEN. 2026-09-03. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: i F I N A N C I A L T R E N D A N A L Y S I S Digital Asset Investment Scams: 2023-2025 Threat Pattern & Trend Information This Financial Trend Analysis (FTA) focuses on patterns and trends identified in Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) data linked to digital asset investment scams. This report is issued pursuant to Section 6206 of the Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020, which requires the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) to periodically publish threat pattern and trend information.1…

FinCEN Whistleblower Bulletin: Iran-related illicit finance (digital asset red flags)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-09

FinCEN. 2026-09 (month of posting). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: FinCEN Whistleblower Bulletin: Blow the Whistle on Iran-Related Illicit Finance The U.S. Department of the Treasury’s (Treasury) Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) maintains a whistleblower incentive program for members of the public to submit information about violations of certain statutes enforced by Treasury and the Department of Justice (DOJ), including the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) and the national security laws that serve as the foundation for the U.S. trade and economic sanctions administered by Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). By reporting information ab…

FIN-2026-Alert007: Alert on the A7 Network (A7A5 ruble stablecoin)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-10-01

FinCEN. 2026-10-01. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: FIN-2026-Alert007 October 1, 2026 FinCEN Alert on the A7 Network The U.S. Department of the Treasury’s (Treasury) Financial Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is issuing this Alert Filing Request: to urge financial institutions1 to be vigilant in detecting, FinCEN requests that financial identifying, and reporting suspicious activity, including institutions reference this Al…

Finding and NPRM: Special measure regarding transactions involving the A7 Network's sub-agents (91 FR 63208) (Part 1 of 2)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-10-05

FinCEN. 2026-10-05. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: 63208 Federal Register / Vol. 91, No. 191 / Monday, October 5, 2026 / Proposed Rules CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY information about joining the webinar. present and, in accordance with the COMMISSION All other individuals who wish to requirement in section 9 of the CPSA, att…

Finding and NPRM: Special measure regarding transactions involving the A7 Network's sub-agents (91 FR 63208) (Part 2 of 2)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-10-05

FinCEN. 2026-10-05. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: notices of prohibition on their interests, as well as transmittal of funds that involves any proposed rulemaking (NPRMs) and final to facilitate compliance and to aid A7 Network Sub-Agent as an originator rules published in the Federal Register, cooperation in preventing transactions or beneficiary or otherwise references the violation of which may constitut…

Withdrawal: CVC mixing finding and NPRM (91 FR 63513)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-10-06

FinCEN. 2026-10-06. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Federal Register / Vol. 91, No. 192 / Tuesday, October 6, 2026 / Proposed Rules 63513 be added. Key elements of the § 410.1 Basin regulations—Water Code FR 72701 (October 23, 2023), as of procedure are as follows: and Administrative Manual—Part III Water October 6, 2026.…

Withdrawal: Requirements for Certain Transactions Involving CVC or Digital Assets (91 FR 63514)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-10-06

FinCEN. 2026-10-06. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: 63514 Federal Register / Vol. 91, No. 192 / Tuesday, October 6, 2026 / Proposed Rules and its implementing regulations, institutions to keep records of customers DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY including the authority under section associated with covered transactions to 311 to make such a finding and to include the customer’s full identity, Financial…

FinCEN and virtual currency: saved sources

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-10-09

Full copies of US government documents (FinCEN, Treasury, Federal Register, eCFR/US Code via GovInfo, Unified Agenda) and court judgments about FinCEN's treatment of virtual currency / convertible virtual currency (CVC), plus a few closely related documents from other federal agencies. Every file was fetched on 2026-10-09 from the URL shown. Notes that use these sources: legislation/us-federal-fincen.md .

United States v. Harmon, No. 19-cr-395 (BAH), Memorandum Opinion denying motion to dismiss (bitcoin is money; Helix a money transmitting business)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2020-07-24

U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia (Chief Judge Howell). 2020-07-24. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Case 1:19-cr-00395-BAH Document 59 Filed 07/24/20 Page 1 of 49 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. Criminal Action No. 19-395 (BAH) LARRY DEAN HARMON, Chief Judge Beryl A. Howell Defendant. MEMORANDUM OPINION Defendant, Larry Dean Harmon, is charged in three counts related to his alleged operation of Helix, an underground tumbler for bitcoin, a form of…

United States v. Harmon, Memorandum Opinion denying vagueness challenge to 1960 and D.C. MTA counts

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2021-04-16

U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia (Chief Judge Howell). 2021-04-16. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Case 1:19-cr-00395-BAH Document 96 Filed 04/16/21 Page 1 of 20 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. Criminal Case No. 19-cr-395 (BAH) LARRY DEAN HARMON, Chief Judge Beryl A. Howell Defendant. MEMORANDUM OPINION For the third time, defendant Larry…