Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)

A research archive on Bitcoin compiled in October 2026: US federal and state law (FinCEN's virtual-currency record from 1999, the 2020 unhosted-wallet rule and its 2026 withdrawal, notes on all 50 states and DC), KYC/AML for buying and selling, banking, exchanges, wallets, payment processors, hacks and their causes, patents, the 2007–2011 origins, and the evidence on who Satoshi Nakamoto is. Every note dates and cites its claims and labels anything unverified, contested or fringe. Government, court and patent records are kept here in full; other sources are cited with a link to the original. Filter by case to pick a topic, such as fincen, states or notes. Download it all as a dataset. Research, not advice. These notes explain what happened and why; they are not recommendations to buy or sell. Statuses of bills and rules are as checked on the date each note gives.

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266 documents · case: states

23 NYCRR Part 200 "Virtual Currencies" (BitLicense), final adopted text (via Internet Archive copy of NYDFS PDF)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ny · snapshot 2015

New York State Department of Financial Services. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF FINANCIAL SERVICES NEW YORK CODES, RULES AND REGULATIONS TITLE 23. DEPARTMENT OF FINANCIAL SERVICES CHAPTER I. REGULATIONS OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FINANCIAL SERVICES PART 200. VIRTUAL CURRENCIES (ALL MATERIAL IS NEW) Statutory Authority: Financial Services Law Sections 102, 104, 201, 206, 301, 302, 309, and 408 Section 200.1 Introduction Section 200.2 Definitions Section 200.3 License S…

TSB-M-14(5)C, (7)I, (17)S — Tax Department Policy on Transactions Using Convertible Virtual Currency

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ny · snapshot 2014

New York State Department of Taxation and Finance. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Technical Memorandum TSB-M-14(5)C, (7)I, (17)S Corporation Tax Income Tax Sales Tax December 5, 2014 Tax Department Policy on Transactions Using Convertible Virtual Currency This memorandum explains the Tax Department’s policy…

Industry Letter — Guidance on the Issuance of U.S. Dollar-Backed Stablecoins

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ny · snapshot 2022-06-08

New York State Department of Financial Services. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Industry Letter - June 8, 2022: Guidance on the Issuance of U.S. Dollar-Backed Stablecoins | Department of Financial Services Skip to main content DFS Global Navigation Header Department of Financial Services Consumer Information Consumer Information Auto Insurance Banking and Sending Money Disaster and Flood Resources Drug Prices and PBMs Fraud and Cyber Protection Healthcare Home…

Industry Letter — Guidance on Custodial Structures for Customer Protection in the Event of Insolvency (superseded 2025-09-30)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ny · snapshot 2023-01-23

New York State Department of Financial Services. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Industry Letter - January 23, 2023: Guidance on Custodial Structures for Customer Protection in the Event of Insolvency | Department of Financial Services Skip to main content DFS Global Navigation Header Department of Financial Services Consumer Information Consumer Information Auto Insurance Banking and Sending Money Disaster and Flood Resources Drug Prices and PBMs Fraud and Cyber Protection Healthcar…

Industry Letter — Notice Regarding Rapidly Proliferating, Sentiment-Based Virtual Currencies

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ny · snapshot 2025-01-14

New York State Department of Financial Services. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Industry Letter - January 16, 2025: Notice Regarding Rapidly Proliferating, Sentiment-Based Virtual Currencies | Department of Financial Services Skip to main content DFS Global Navigation Header Department of Financial Services Consumer Information Consumer Information Auto Insurance Banking and Sending Money Credit and Debt Disaster and Flood Resource Center Drug Prices and PBMs Fraud and Cyber Protect…

Sources: Ohio (OH)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Oh · snapshot 2026-10-09

Full copies of government documents (statutes, enrolled bills, regulator guidance, regulator press releases) and court records about Bitcoin and virtual-currency law in Ohio, saved for legislation/us-state-oh.md . All files were retrieved on 2026-10-09 by the N–Z state-law research pass. No copyrighted news articles are stored here — those are summarized with links in the legislation note.

Interpretive Guidance 2022-01 — Licensing of Cryptocurrency Businesses Pursuant to the Ohio Money Transmitters Act

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Oh · snapshot 2022-01

Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of Financial Institutions. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Mike DeWine, Governor Sheryl Maxfield, Director Jon Husted, Lt. Governor Interpretive Guidance 2022-01 This guidance document supersedes and replaces Interpretive Guidance 2020-01 Subject: Licensing of Cryptocurrency Businesses Pursuant to the Ohio Money Transmitters Act Definition of money transmission under the OMTA Under the Ohio Money Transmitters Act (“OMTA”) the term “transmit money” means to receive, directly or indirectly and by any means, money or its equivalent from a…

Sources: Oklahoma (OK)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ok · snapshot 2026-10-09

Full copies of government documents (statutes, enrolled bills, regulator guidance, regulator press releases) and court records about Bitcoin and virtual-currency law in Oklahoma, saved for legislation/us-state-ok.md . All files were retrieved on 2026-10-09 by the N–Z state-law research pass. No copyrighted news articles are stored here — those are summarized with links in the legislation note.

HB 3594 (2024) — blockchains; home digital asset mining; no extra tax on digital-asset payments, enrolled

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ok · snapshot 2024

Oklahoma Legislature. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: An Act ENROLLED HOUSE BILL NO. 3594 By: Hill and Maynard of the House and Coleman and Prieto of the Senate An Act relating to blockchains; defining terms; directing that the government of Oklahoma not take certain actions; prohibiting subjecting payment with digital assets to additional tax, withholding, assessment, or charge; clarifying scope of section; au…

SB 1083 (2025) — digital asset kiosks, enrolled (law by veto override 2025-05-29; eff. 2025-11-01)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ok · snapshot 2025

Oklahoma Legislature. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: An Act ENROLLED SENATE BILL NO. 1083 By: Weaver of the Senate and Lepak and Bashore of the House An Act relating to digital assets; providing definitions; requiring a license for digital asset kiosk operators to engage in transactions; providing penalties; authorizing the promulgation of rules; permitting civil suits against digital asset kiosk operators; requiring notice before location or re…

HB 3521 (2026) — Oklahoma Money Transmission Modernization Act, enrolled (Part 1 of 2)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ok · snapshot 2026

Oklahoma Legislature. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: An Act ENROLLED HOUSE BILL NO. 3521 By: Marti of the House and Reinhardt of the Senate An Act relating to financial institutions; creating the Oklahoma Money Transmission Modernization Act; providing legislative intent; defining terms; exempting certain individuals from the Oklahoma Money Transmission Modernization Act; permitting the Commissioner of the Banking Department to require proof of exemption; empowering the Commissioner in…

HB 3521 (2026) — Oklahoma Money Transmission Modernization Act, enrolled (Part 2 of 2)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ok · snapshot 2026

Oklahoma Legislature. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: provided for in Section 638 of Title 59 of the Oklahoma Statutes; 287. 289. Acting as building inspector without a license, as provided for in Section 1044 of Title 59 of the Oklahoma Statutes; 288. 290. Affidavit as to undertaking, as provided for in Section 1322 of Title 59 of the Oklahoma Statutes; 289. 291. Bail jumping, as provided for in Section 1335 of Title 59 of the Oklahoma Statutes; 290. 292. False declaration of ownership in pawn shop, value of One Thousand Dollars ($1,000.00) or more, if property is firearms, or was acquired through robbery or burglary, as prov…

Sources: Oregon (OR)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Or · snapshot 2026-10-09

Full copies of government documents (statutes, enrolled bills, regulator guidance, regulator press releases) and court records about Bitcoin and virtual-currency law in Oregon, saved for legislation/us-state-or.md . All files were retrieved on 2026-10-09 by the N–Z state-law research pass. No copyrighted news articles are stored here — those are summarized with links in the legislation note.

SB 167 (2025), Chapter 33 — UCC 2022 amendments incl. controllable electronic records, enrolled (Part 1 of 2)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Or · snapshot 2025

Oregon Legislative Assembly. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: 83rd OREGON LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY--2025 Regular Session Enrolled Senate Bill 167 Printed pursuant to Senate Interim Rule 213.28 by order of the President of the Senate in conform- ance with presession filing rules, indicating neither advocacy nor opposition on the part of the President (at the request of Senate Interim Committee on Judiciary for Oregon State Bar) CHAPTER .................................................…

SB 167 (2025), Chapter 33 — UCC 2022 amendments incl. controllable electronic records, enrolled (Part 2 of 2)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Or · snapshot 2025

Oregon Legislative Assembly. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: remains perfected until the earliest of: (a) The time perfection would have ceased under the law of that jurisdiction; (b) The expiration of four months after a change of the debtor’s location to another jurisdiction; or (c) The expiration of one year after a transfer of collateral to a person that thereby becomes a debtor and is located in another jurisdiction. (2) If a security interest described in subsection (1) of this section becomes perfected under the law of the other jurisdiction before the earliest time or event described in that subsection, it re- mains perfected the…

ORS chapter 717 — Money Transmission (2025 edition)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Or

Oregon Legislature (Legislative Counsel). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Oregon Revised Statutes Oregon Revised Statutes Chapter 717 � Money Transmission 2025 EDITION MONEY TRANSMISSION FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS 717.200���� Definitions 717.205���� License required to conduct money transmission business; relationship to banking; licensing program 717.210���� Exemptions; waiver; rules 717.215���� Requirements for licensees; net worth; permissible investments 717.220���� License application; rules 717.225���� Security devices 717.230���� Application fee 717.235���� License issuance; grounds for disapproval of application;…

Sources: Pennsylvania (PA)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Pa · snapshot 2026-10-09

Full copies of government documents (statutes, enrolled bills, regulator guidance, regulator press releases) and court records about Bitcoin and virtual-currency law in Pennsylvania, saved for legislation/us-state-pa.md . All files were retrieved on 2026-10-09 by the N–Z state-law research pass. No copyrighted news articles are stored here — those are summarized with links in the legislation note.

Law information page — Act 7 of 2025 (SB 202)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Pa · snapshot 2025

Pennsylvania General Assembly. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Act No. 7 of 2025 - The Official Website of the Pennsylvania General Assembly Pennsylvania General Assembly General Assembly Senate Senate Home Members of the Senate Senate Leadership Co-Sponsorship Memos Committees Senate Session Find My Senator Right To Know (RTKL) House House Home Members of the House House Leadership Co-Sponsorship Memos Committees House Session Find My Representative Right To Know (RTKL) Session Senate Session House Session Legislation Legislation Home House Co-Sponsorship Memos Senate Co-Sponsorship Memos Bills Amendments Statutes Noti…

"Pennsylvania Money Transmitter Act Amendments" — DoBS letter on Act 7 of 2025 and rescission of the Virtual Currency Statement of Policy

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Pa · snapshot 2025-08-12

Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Pennsylvania Money Transmitter Act Amendments Act 7 was signed into law on June 27, 2025 and amends the Money Transmission Business Licensing Law, also known as the Money Transmitter Act (“MTA”) or Act 249. Act 7 makes several amendments to the MTA and should be reviewed thoroughly. A substantial amendment is found in Section 2(a)(2) which states: Section 2. License Required.— (a) No person shall: (2) Engage in the business of transmitting virtual currency by means of a transmittal instrument for a fee or other consideration with or on behalf of an individual without first ha…

Press release: DoBS to begin regulating virtual currency transmitters thanks to new bipartisan law (Act 7 of 2025)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Pa · snapshot 2025-06-28

Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: DoBS Regulating Virtual Currency Transmitters Thanks to New Bipartisan Law | Department of Banking and Securities | Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Skip to agency navigation Skip to main content Official website Official website of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Translate Services Agency Directory Your Government The Governor Lt. Governor Legislation…