Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)

A research archive on Bitcoin compiled in October 2026: US federal and state law (FinCEN's virtual-currency record from 1999, the 2020 unhosted-wallet rule and its 2026 withdrawal, notes on all 50 states and DC), KYC/AML for buying and selling, banking, exchanges, wallets, payment processors, hacks and their causes, patents, the 2007–2011 origins, and the evidence on who Satoshi Nakamoto is. Every note dates and cites its claims and labels anything unverified, contested or fringe. Government, court and patent records are kept here in full; other sources are cited with a link to the original. Filter by case to pick a topic, such as fincen, states or notes. Download it all as a dataset. Research, not advice. These notes explain what happened and why; they are not recommendations to buy or sell. Statuses of bills and rules are as checked on the date each note gives.

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266 documents · case: states

Banking and Financial Institutions Division homepage (incl. "Montana Does Not Regulate Money Transmitters")

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Mt

Montana BFID. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Banking and Financial Institutions Division | Montana Department of Administration Skip to main content Skip to main menu Department of Administration Main Menu Menu Divisions Architecture & Engineering Banking & Financial Institutions General Services Health Care & Benefits Risk Management & Tort Defense State Financial Services State Human Resources State Information Technology Services State Pr…

The State of Crypto & Blockchain Law in 2025 (presentation to the Montana Blockchain & Digital Innovation Task Force). Note: a meeting presentation hosted on the state site; the presenter is not named in the extracted text.

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Mt · snapshot 2025-12-15

Montana Department of Administration, BFID (host). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: The State of Crypto & Blockchain Law in 2025 What’s Happening, What’s Working, and and What Montana Can Do Montana Blockchain & Digital Innovation Task Force December 15, 2025 What Montana Has Already Done ● SB 178 (2023) - protects digital asset mining from discriminatory utility rates, restricts local zoning discrimination against mining, bars extra taxation solely for paying with digital assets, and treats digital assets as personal property. ● SB 426 (signed Apr 17, 2025) - modernizes MT’s UCC to cover digital assets (this is where UCC A…

HB 429 (2025), version 2: state special revenue account for investment in precious metals and digital assets (died)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Mt · snapshot 2025

Montana Legislature (Rep. C. Schomer et al.). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: - 2025 69th Legislature 2025 HB0429.2 1 HOUSE BILL NO. 429 2 INTRODUCED BY C. SCHOMER, W. GALT, E. ALBUS, R. GREGG, E. TILLEMAN, D. ZOLNIKOV, N. NICOL, 3 G. LAMMERS, M. YAKAWICH, S. FITZPATRICK, B. LER, G. OBLANDER, K. ZOLNIKOV, L. BREWSTER, B. 4 MITCHELL, G. NIKOLAKAKOS, S. ESSMANN 5 6 A BILL FOR AN ACT ENTITLED: “AN ACT CREATING A STATE SPECIAL REVENUE ACCOUNT FOR 7 INVESTMENT IN PREC…

SB 265 (2025), Enrolled: An Act revising cryptocurrency laws; establishing the Financial Freedom and Innovation Act

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Mt · snapshot 2025

Montana Legislature (Sen. D. Zolnikov). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: - 2025 69th Legislature 2025 SB 265 AN ACT REVISING CRYPTOCURRENCY LAWS; ESTABLISHING THE FINANCIAL FREEDOM AND INNOVATION ACT; PROHIBITING THE USE OF CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY BY GOVERNING AUTHORITIES; PERMITTING THE USE OF DIGITAL ASSETS AND BLOCKCHAIN PROTOCOLS; PROVIDING CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR ISSUERS OF NETWORK TOKENS; PROVIDING RULEMAKING AUTHORITY; PROVIDING DEFINITIONS; AND AMENDING SECTION 30-10-105, MCA. BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATU…

SB 330 (2025), Enrolled: An Act creating the Montana Blockchain and Digital Innovation Task Force

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Mt · snapshot 2025

Montana Legislature (Sen. G. Lammers). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: - 2025 69th Legislature 2025 SB 330 AN ACT CREATING THE MONTANA BLOCKCHAIN AND DIGITAL INNOVATION TASK FORCE; PROVIDING MEMBERSHIP REQUIREMENTS AND DUTIES; AND PROVIDING AN IMMEDIATE EFFECTIVE DATE AND A TERMINATION DATE. BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MONTANA: Section 1. Montana blockchain and digital innovation task force -- membership -- duties -- reporting. (1) There is a Montana blockchain and digital innovation task force…

Sources: North Carolina (NC)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Nc · snapshot 2026-10-09

Full copies of government documents (statutes, enrolled bills, regulator guidance, regulator press releases) and court records about Bitcoin and virtual-currency law in North Carolina, saved for legislation/us-state-nc.md . All files were retrieved on 2026-10-09 by the N–Z state-law research pass. No copyrighted news articles are stored here — those are summarized with links in the legislation note.

G.S. Chapter 53, Article 16B — North Carolina Money Transmitters Act (current)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Nc

North Carolina General Assembly. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Article 16B. Money Transmitters Act. § 53‑208.41. Title. This act may be cited as the "North Carolina Money Transmitters Act." (2016‑81, s. 1; 2017‑102, s. 46.) § 53‑208.42. Definitions. For purposes of this Article, the following definitions apply: (1) Applicant. – A person filing an application for a license under this Article. (2) Authorized delegate. – An entity designated by the licensee under the provisions of this Article to engage in the business of money transmission on behalf…

Session Law 2026-45 (HB 920) — Virtual Currency Kiosk Consumer Protection Act

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Nc

North Carolina General Assembly. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA SESSION 2025 SESSION LAW 2026-45 HOUSE BILL 920 AN ACT TO ENACT THE VIRTUAL CURRENCY KIOSK CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT. The General Assembly of North Carolina enacts: SECTION 1. Chapter 53 of the General Statutes is amended by adding a new Article to read: "Article 26. "Virtual Currency Kiosk Consumer Protection Act. "§ 53-441. Short title. This Article may be cited as the…

Sources: North Dakota (ND)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Nd · snapshot 2026-10-09

Full copies of government documents (statutes, enrolled bills, regulator guidance, regulator press releases) and court records about Bitcoin and virtual-currency law in North Dakota, saved for legislation/us-state-nd.md . All files were retrieved on 2026-10-09 by the N–Z state-law research pass. No copyrighted news articles are stored here — those are summarized with links in the legislation note.

NDCC chapter 13-09.1 — Money Transmitters (MTMA with virtual-currency title; kiosk sections 13-09.1-50 to -54), current

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Nd

North Dakota Legislative Branch. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: CHAPTER 13-09.1 MONEY TRANSMITTERS 13-09.1-01. Definitions. For purposes of this chapter, the following definitions shall apply: 1. "Acting in concert" means persons knowingly acting together with a common goal of jointly acquiring control of a licensee whether or not pursuant to an express agreement. 2. "Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020" is the federal act which amended subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31 United States Code, the legislative framework commonly referred to as the bank secrecy act or BSA. Anti-money laundering and counter…

"Crypto ATMs" consumer page

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Nd

North Dakota Department of Financial Institutions. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Crypto ATMs | ND Department of Financial Institutions Skip to main content An official website of the State of North Dakota. Here's how you know The .gov means it's official. Official North Dakota websites will end in .gov. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a government site. The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you're connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and sent securely. Language: English Automatic translation disclaimer The State of North Dakota provides automatic translation f…

Sources: Nebraska (NE)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ne · snapshot 2026-10-09

Full copies of government documents (statutes, enrolled bills, regulator guidance, regulator press releases) and court records about Bitcoin and virtual-currency law in Nebraska, saved for legislation/us-state-ne.md . All files were retrieved on 2026-10-09 by the N–Z state-law research pass. No copyrighted news articles are stored here — those are summarized with links in the legislation note.

LB 649 (2021) — Nebraska Financial Innovation Act (digital asset depositories), slip law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ne · snapshot 2021

Nebraska Legislature. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: LB649 LB649 2021 2021 LEGISLATIVE BILL 649 Approved by the Governor May 25, 2021 Introduced by Flood, 19; Vargas, 7; Blood, 3; Lindstrom, 18. A BILL FOR AN ACT relating to banking and finance; to amend section 8-115, Reissue Revised Statutes of Nebraska, sections 8-101.02, 8-101.03, 8-102, 8-113, 8-148.09, 8-1,140, 8-601, 8-602, 8-701, 8-702, 8-1120, and 8-2724, Revised Statutes Cumulative Supplemen…

LB 474 (2025) — Nebraska Money Transmitters Act rewritten as MTMA, slip law (Part 1 of 3)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ne · snapshot 2025

Nebraska Legislature. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: LB474 LB474 2025 2025 LEGISLATIVE BILL 474 Approved by the Governor May 20, 2025 Introduced by Banking, Commerce and Insurance Committee: Jacobson, 42, Chairperson; Bostar, 29; Hallstrom, 1; Hardin, 48; Riepe, 12; von Gillern, 4; Wordekemper, 15; Sorrentino, 39. A BILL FOR AN ACT relating to law; to amend sections 8-319, 8-330, 8-601, 8-820.01, 8-2701, 8-2702, 8-2703, 8-2704, 8-270…

LB 474 (2025) — Nebraska Money Transmitters Act rewritten as MTMA, slip law (Part 2 of 3)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ne · snapshot 2025

Nebraska Legislature. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: become a claim by the death of the insured, settlement shall be made upon receipt of due proof of death, or not later than two months after receipt of such proof. (13) In case the proceeds of a policy are payable in installments, or as an annuity, a table showing the amounts of the installments or annuity payments. (14) A title on the face of the policy correctly describing the same. Any of the foregoing provisions or portions of this section not applicable by reason of the plan of insurance may, to the extent of inapplicability, be omitted from the policy. Any such policy may be iss…

LB 474 (2025) — Nebraska Money Transmitters Act rewritten as MTMA, slip law (Part 3 of 3)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ne · snapshot 2025

Nebraska Legislature. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: into agreements or sharing arrangements with other governmental agencies, the Conference of State Bank Supervisors, the American Association of Residential Mortgage Regulators, or other associations representing governmental agencies as established by adopting and promulgating rules and regulations or an order of the director. Sec. 95. The director may adopt and promulgate rules and regulations and issue orders, rulings, demands, and findings to carry out the purposes of the Nebraska Installment Loan and Sales Act. Sec. 96. Any person violating subsection (4) of section 45-345, secti…

LB 526 (2025) — cryptocurrency mining and public power suppliers, slip law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ne · snapshot 2025

Nebraska Legislature. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: LB526 LB526 2025 2025 LEGISLATIVE BILL 526 Approved by the Governor May 20, 2025 Introduced by Jacobson, 42; at the request of the Governor. A BILL FOR AN ACT relating to cryptocurrency mining; to define terms; to provide powers and duties for public power suppliers; to allow public power suppliers to impose requirements on cryptocurrency mining operations for the costs of certain infrastructure upg…

LB 609 (2025) — Controllable Electronic Record Fraud Prevention Act (kiosks), slip law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ne · snapshot 2025

Nebraska Legislature. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: LB609 LB609 2025 2025 LEGISLATIVE BILL 609 Approved by the Governor March 11, 2025 Introduced by Bostar, 29. A BILL FOR AN ACT relating to financial transactions; to amend section 29-817, Reissue Revised Statutes of Nebraska; to adopt the Controllable Electronic Record Fraud Prevention Act; to require notice of potential fraud for purchasers of gift certificates and gift cards; to change provisions…

Sources: New Hampshire (NH)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Nh · snapshot 2026-10-09

Full copies of government documents (statutes, enrolled bills, regulator guidance, regulator press releases) and court records about Bitcoin and virtual-currency law in New Hampshire, saved for legislation/us-state-nh.md . All files were retrieved on 2026-10-09 by the N–Z state-law research pass. No copyrighted news articles are stored here — those are summarized with links in the legislation note.

HB 302 (2025), Chapter 4 — state treasury may invest in precious metals and digital assets (RSA 6:8-d), final text

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Nh · snapshot 2025

New Hampshire General Court. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: CHAPTER 4 HB 302 - FINAL VERSION 13Mar2025... 0138h 2025 SESSION 25-0700 07/05 HOUSE BILL 302 AN ACT relative to enabling the state treasury to invest in precious metals and digital assets. SPONSORS: Rep. Ammon, Hills. 42; Rep. Beaulier, Graf. 1; Rep. Warden, Hills. 39; Rep. Osborne, Rock. 2; Rep. Sweeney, Rock. 25; Rep. Alexander Jr., Hills. 29; Sen. Abbas, Dist 22; Sen. Avard, Dist 12; Sen. Murphy, Dist 16 COMMITTEE: Commerce and Consumer Affairs ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ANALYSIS This bill enables the state treasurer to invest state…