Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)

A research archive on Bitcoin compiled in October 2026: US federal and state law (FinCEN's virtual-currency record from 1999, the 2020 unhosted-wallet rule and its 2026 withdrawal, notes on all 50 states and DC), KYC/AML for buying and selling, banking, exchanges, wallets, payment processors, hacks and their causes, patents, the 2007–2011 origins, and the evidence on who Satoshi Nakamoto is. Every note dates and cites its claims and labels anything unverified, contested or fringe. Government, court and patent records are kept here in full; other sources are cited with a link to the original. Filter by case to pick a topic, such as fincen, states or notes. Download it all as a dataset. Research, not advice. These notes explain what happened and why; they are not recommendations to buy or sell. Statuses of bills and rules are as checked on the date each note gives.

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1030 documents

New Mexico — Bitcoin and virtual-currency law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Legislation · snapshot 2026-10-09

- Jurisdiction: State of New Mexico (US) - Date checked: 2026-10-09 (all statuses below were checked on this date unless another date is given) - Regulator: Financial Institutions Division (FID), Regulation and Licensing Department (RLD) - Legislature: 60-day sessions in odd years, 30-day budget sessions in even years; the 2026 session ended February 2026; next session January 2027. - Saved primary sources: sources/states/nm/ (see sources/states/nm/INDEX.md )

Nevada — Bitcoin and virtual-currency law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Legislation · snapshot 2026-10-09

- Jurisdiction: State of Nevada (US) - Date checked: 2026-10-09 (all statuses below were checked on this date unless another date is given) - Regulator: Nevada Financial Institutions Division (NFID / FID), Department of Business and Industry - Legislature: meets in odd years; 83rd session ended June 2025; no 2026 regular session ; next session February 2027. - Saved primary sources: sources/states/nv/ (see sources/states/nv/INDEX.md )

New York — Bitcoin and virtual-currency law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Legislation · snapshot 2026-10-09

- Jurisdiction: State of New York (US) - Date checked: 2026-10-09 (all statuses below were checked on this date unless another date is given) - Main regulator: New York State Department of Financial Services (NYDFS). Acting Superintendent in 2026: Kaitlin Asrow (per NYDFS press releases of 2026-06-09 and 2026-10-01). [S7][S8] - Other actors: NY Attorney General (Martin Act and Executive Law § 63(12) fraud cases); Department of Taxation and Finance; Department of Environmental Conservation…

Ohio — Bitcoin and virtual-currency law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Legislation · snapshot 2026-10-09

- Jurisdiction: State of Ohio (US) - Date checked: 2026-10-09 (all statuses below were checked on this date unless another date is given) - Regulator: Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of Financial Institutions (DFI) - Legislature: 136th General Assembly (2025–2026); full-time; bills die at the end of 2026. - Saved primary sources: sources/states/oh/ (see sources/states/oh/INDEX.md )

Oklahoma — Bitcoin and virtual-currency law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Legislation · snapshot 2026-10-09

- Jurisdiction: State of Oklahoma (US) - Date checked: 2026-10-09 (all statuses below were checked on this date unless another date is given) - Regulators: Oklahoma State Banking Department (money transmitters; digital asset kiosks); Oklahoma Department of Securities; Attorney General (fraud refunds under the kiosk law) - Governor: Kevin Stitt (vetoed the 2025 kiosk bill; overridden) - Legislature: 60th Legislature; 2026 session ended May 2026; next session February 2027. - Saved primary…

Oregon — Bitcoin and virtual-currency law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Legislation · snapshot 2026-10-09

- Jurisdiction: State of Oregon (US) - Date checked: 2026-10-09 (all statuses below were checked on this date unless another date is given) - Regulators: Department of Consumer and Business Services, Division of Financial Regulation (DFR) — money transmitters and securities; Oregon Department of Justice / Attorney General Dan Rayfield (securities enforcement in court) - Legislature: 83rd Legislative Assembly; 2026 short session ended March 2026; 2027 long session starts January 2027. - Saved…

Pennsylvania — Bitcoin and virtual-currency law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Legislation · snapshot 2026-10-09

- Jurisdiction: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (US) - Date checked: 2026-10-09 (all statuses below were checked on this date unless another date is given) - Regulator: Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities (DoBS); Secretary Wendy Spicher (quoted 2025) - Governor: Josh Shapiro (signed Act 7 of 2025) - Legislature: 2025–2026 session (full-time); bills die on 2026-11-30. - Saved primary sources: sources/states/pa/ (see sources/states/pa/INDEX.md )

Rhode Island — Bitcoin and virtual-currency law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Legislation · snapshot 2026-10-09

- Jurisdiction: State of Rhode Island (US) - Date checked: 2026-10-09 (all statuses below were checked on this date unless another date is given) - Regulator: Department of Business Regulation (DBR), Division of Banking - Legislature: 2026 session ended June 2026; next session January 2027. - Saved primary sources: sources/states/ri/ (see sources/states/ri/INDEX.md )

South Carolina — Bitcoin and virtual-currency law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Legislation · snapshot 2026-10-09

- Jurisdiction: State of South Carolina (US) - Date checked: 2026-10-09 (all statuses below were checked on this date unless another date is given) - Regulator: Attorney General's Office — Money Services Division (the Attorney General, Alan Wilson, is the Commissioner under the money-services law) and Securities Division - Legislature: 126th General Assembly (2025–2026) adjourned in 2026; bills not enacted have died; next session January 2027. - Saved primary sources: sources/states/sc/ (see…

South Dakota — Bitcoin and virtual-currency law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Legislation · snapshot 2026-10-09

- Jurisdiction: State of South Dakota (US) - Date checked: 2026-10-09 (all statuses below were checked on this date unless another date is given) - Regulator: Department of Labor and Regulation, Division of Banking (money transmitters; trust companies) - Legislature: 101st Legislative Session ended March 2026; next session January 2027. - Saved primary sources: sources/states/sd/ (see sources/states/sd/INDEX.md )

Tennessee — Bitcoin and virtual-currency law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Legislation · snapshot 2026-10-09

- Jurisdiction: State of Tennessee (US) - Date checked: 2026-10-09 (all statuses below were checked on this date unless another date is given) - Regulator: Tennessee Department of Financial Institutions (TDFI); Attorney General Jonathan Skrmetti (defended the kiosk ban) - Governor: Bill Lee (signed the 2026 kiosk ban) - Legislature: 114th General Assembly (2025–2026) adjourned April 2026; bills not enacted are dead; next General Assembly January 2027. - Saved primary sources: sources/states/tn/…

Texas — Bitcoin and virtual-currency law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Legislation · snapshot 2026-10-09

- Jurisdiction: State of Texas (US) - Date checked: 2026-10-09 (all statuses below were checked on this date unless another date is given) - Regulators: Texas Department of Banking (DOB; money services and digital asset service providers); Texas State Securities Board (TSSB); Comptroller of Public Accounts (tax and the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve); Public Utility Commission and ERCOT (mining loads) - Comptroller: Don Huffines was sworn in as (acting) comptroller on 2026-08-01, ahead of the…

Utah — Bitcoin and virtual-currency law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Legislation · snapshot 2026-10-09

- Jurisdiction: State of Utah (US) - Date checked: 2026-10-09 (all statuses below were checked on this date unless another date is given) - Regulators: Department of Financial Institutions (DFI; Money Transmitter Act, Utah Code Title 7 ch. 25); Department of Commerce, Division of Consumer Protection (kiosk law from 2026); Division of Securities - Legislature: 2026 General Session ended March 2026; next session January 2027. - Saved primary sources: sources/states/ut/ (see…

Virginia — Bitcoin and virtual-currency law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Legislation · snapshot 2026-10-09

- Jurisdiction: Commonwealth of Virginia (US) - Date checked: 2026-10-09 (all statuses below were checked on this date unless another date is given) - Regulator: State Corporation Commission (SCC), Bureau of Financial Institutions (BFI) - Governor: Abigail Spanberger (took office January 2026; signed 2026 crypto bills); predecessor Glenn Youngkin (vetoed 2025 DAO bill) - Legislature: 2026 Regular Session ended March 2026 (reconvened April 2026); next session January 2027. - Saved primary…

Vermont — Bitcoin and virtual-currency law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Legislation · snapshot 2026-10-09

- Jurisdiction: State of Vermont (US) - Date checked: 2026-10-09 (all statuses below were checked on this date unless another date is given) - Regulator: Department of Financial Regulation (DFR), Banking Division - Legislature: 2025–2026 biennium; 2026 session adjourned; new biennium January 2027. - Saved primary sources: sources/states/vt/ (see sources/states/vt/INDEX.md )

Washington — Bitcoin and virtual-currency law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Legislation · snapshot 2026-10-09

- Jurisdiction: State of Washington (US) - Date checked: 2026-10-09 (all statuses below were checked on this date unless another date is given) - Regulators: Washington State Department of Financial Institutions (DFI), Division of Consumer Services (money services); Department of Revenue (DOR) - Legislature: 2026 short session ended March 2026; 2027 long session starts January 2027. - Saved primary sources: sources/states/wa/ (see sources/states/wa/INDEX.md )

Wisconsin — Bitcoin and virtual-currency law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Legislation · snapshot 2026-10-09

- Jurisdiction: State of Wisconsin (US) - Date checked: 2026-10-09 (all statuses below were checked on this date unless another date is given) - Regulator: Department of Financial Institutions (DFI), Division of Banking — Licensed Financial Services; Division of Securities - Governor: Tony Evers (approved 2025 Act 226) - Legislature: 2025–2026 session; the last general-business floor period ended in March 2026 — bills not passed failed on 2026-03-23 under Senate Joint Resolution 1. - Saved…

West Virginia — Bitcoin and virtual-currency law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Legislation · snapshot 2026-10-09

- Jurisdiction: State of West Virginia (US) - Date checked: 2026-10-09 (all statuses below were checked on this date unless another date is given) - Regulator: Division of Financial Institutions (Commissioner of Financial Institutions) - Legislature: 2026 Regular Session ended March 2026; next regular session January 2027. - Saved primary sources: sources/states/wv/ (see sources/states/wv/INDEX.md )

Wyoming — Bitcoin and virtual-currency law

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Legislation · snapshot 2026-10-09

- Jurisdiction: State of Wyoming (US) - Date checked: 2026-10-09 (all statuses below were checked on this date unless another date is given) - Main regulator: Wyoming Division of Banking (State Banking Commissioner); Wyoming Stable Token Commission (state-issued token) - Legislature: 2026 budget session ended March 2026; next general session January 2027. - Saved primary sources: sources/states/wy/ (see sources/states/wy/INDEX.md )

US state Bitcoin law: Alabama to Montana (summary)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Legislation · snapshot 2026-10-09

- Scope: 26 states, Alabama to Montana in alphabetical order. DC is in the N–Z summary (us-states-N-Z-summary.md). - Date checked: 2026-10-09. - Per-state notes: legislation/us-state-<code .md , linked in the last column. Each note cites its sources and gives the bill or statute number, status and source link. Government documents and court records are saved in full in sources/states/<code / , each with an INDEX.md . - Method: 1. Official legislature, statute and regulator sites first:…