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. - 7 H z - -"- - _: '; -. - ~Federal Bureau of Investigation rp _ J
Washington, :0. c. - I -
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Dear Sire: _; " -. ,§'_;t;; ;§~hConcerning: Myles Horton l C!, . .' ' .
Director of the §ighlende£1§gl§t$ghg9lhonteagle Tennee§§g;;Q1t; " * '*_::_ iia_iae~~; "~
During a recent World Cltur§§ EI§E§ unusu circump
stances surrounding the above and gr. Iartigmguthg _ing$were
hreught to light. It was mentioned that Dr, King had ceived
training at a Comnist school. The only information available
was through an "unbias, nonpartisan paper issued before the
last election. It contained a photo showing Dr. King, Myles
Horton and eeveral other people together in front of the school.
The caption mentioned that-the school was to be closed by an
act of the Tennessee Legielature and Carl Prussian, a counter-.- --..--.--q--q.-__._ _
spy for the FBl_jor 22 years, was quoted to have said that92
Dr. King belonged to 60 Commnist organizations. -
I would be grateful for any pertinent information
concerning Dr. King and Myles Horton of the Highlander Folk
School. J- I
Rm as @.¢.e.z/.1.
3 APR 2 1965
ALL INFORMATION CGNTAINED ---.... _n_-_
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April 1, 1955 ~mi
ALL !NFQRM.AT|C?§ CUNT!-92|NED
HERHN S UNCLASS|H'f.D VDATE;1d_BY~
it
' Your letter oi March 27th has been received, and
the thought which prompted you to write me is appreciated.
_ Although I would like to be oi service, information
contained in the tiles of the FBI must be maintained as condential
in accordance with regulations of the Department oi Justice and is
available tor oicial use only. I regret that I cannot be of assistance
in this instance but trust you will understand the reasons tor this
- . . , , .-._ I J , _ .
For your information, Mr. Karl Prussion furnished
information concerning subversive activities on a condential basis
to this Bureau from 1949 to 1958 during which time he was comp'en"- __;- -
sated; however, he was not a Special Agent oi the FBI. Bis opiniong
and comments are strictly his own and do not represent this Bergen
in any manner. . _ - In - -- -92
9 ' Enclosed is some material which I hope you é -
find of interest. _ __ A, y Q, £3
mm in Sincerely yours, 9 - 5 59 1 -1965 2' WP en-nnisJ, i ' _C_OMM-FBI, Ear; I Q'-
s., T _....'._.! _ $ _i"'.1"...';';*+r" 4 ' a ' ' - - = ':it:.., Q1 - Iinclcures ! _ 92 --four hfsruage oi Greatness" - - ~ lug»/j l -
;,;_, --_~ U. S. News and World Report, 12-21-64 ",_ Communism, the Incredible Swindle A9 " ;;;l Faith in God-Our Answer to Commnnis 111/11'
___.; Let's Fight Communism §anelyl sg ! _V$4 &%§pEwnD e NOTE next Page-!
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Dear Sirs:
- §ould you please send me information
concerning th ijighlander jjoik schoolwith regard toMartin Luther King ahins prleseice there? Cong! you tellme why the school was closed on charges of bein g subversive
organization? In the publication Freedom's Voice, a newspaper
put out in the past election, it was stated that Karl Prussion
charged that King belinged to 60 Communist front organizations. '
Would I be allowedto know the reasons behind this charge? Also
could you supply information on Myles Horton, Director oi the
Highlander Folk School for communist training in Monteagu, Tennessee?
This would be of great help to me, as we are discussing this in school.
Thank you for your cooperation.
.6-7»
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_ Marchw, 198542 . é/.. 75//-90$ n
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Your letter of March 25th has been
received. _ . . ' . _
With respect to your inquiries, information
contained in the Ilies cl the FBI must be maintalned ll
confidential in accordance with regulations at the Depart-
ment of Justice and ls available for official use only. I
I regret I cannot be of help in this lnstance but trust you
understand the necessary reasons for this policy. y
Enclosed is some literature which I trust
__ _ you will find informative. f . _ 92
5° _ I l l ' Sincerely yours,
gt
1 --1 -.. . . I
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-I E..1..n..w ~ I ILL INFORMATION courmmzn
ii"? £233 2 ¬53§?. ££°'3.§;?%'§i HERB" '8 UNCLASSIFIEDI I W Z___ Our Heritage of Greatness A K _ _ DATE BY3:.:i""*'"~r- . Ipuls Globe-Democrqit +11-25.64 >14 .29, 5 > - -- -» »
De1.oach_._;:___ -'§ZT§Z.T.'.._.- ¢I0'IE: Correspondent ts not identifiable in Bules. ~.
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April 1, 1.965
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Respectfully referred to
1 Federal Bureau of Investigation-. Department of Justice__ _ '.:'£_.
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The above picture was made by an employee of the State of Georgia, at the lf_l_ig_i_'_|j_g_|_p
Fgllr §r|92nnlAin Mnntnnnle- Tnnnpeean elurinn l'l92e Labor Qgy wggk-gggd gf T-hg Phi
Georgia Commission on Educat
Thc riighlander Folk School was abolished by on act of the Legislature of the State of 1
is at a later date because it vvoscharged with being a subversive organization.
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Martin Luther King, Jr., of the Montgomery boycott and the Birmiwham riots. t
~j~ Prussian, o counterspy tor the FBI tor twenty-two years, charges that artin Luther ll
F~Lf' belongs to sixty Communist-front organizations - more than any Communist in
J"92 Qlqieml QIQIQ5 He ic nrgnhgie and engggrgnell I'M! Illg KQIIIIEIIVQ- A II Iii Q! a II Ia re one I I up III I a II Ir, nun If w I I I I-@wI _ -
Abner W. Berry of the Central Committee at the Communist Party." ' _
Aubrey Williams, President of the Southern Conference Education Fund, lnc., The Tr
1 Asision Belt in the South for the Communist Party. A A
Myles Horton, Director at Highlander Folk School for Communist Training, Monte:
Tennessee. . - ' A . - - '_ . - 4 ' '
These "Four Horsemen" of racial agitation have brought tension, disturbance, s
» 'v92 wce in their advancement at the Communist doctrine at "racial natnonalnsn
iH me AUGUSTA counusa IN THE r|eH1'[ ryogrrnrsoC spite! 9 v vi lei ""72? $ ='~%g?**w¢ of r
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" 1 received your wnimnmuan cl 1-n 11,6 _
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f_ .. While I eertzlnly would like to be at sex-ee.. A ,
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United Staten senate
Washington, D. C. INN Y-
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re latloaa cl the Department cl Justlee. Therefore, 1 cm: N*'°* 10/ # will understand why I am not in 1 position te ---ii é comm on the material he forwarded. , 7 A
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'-tll PI |l'1|1I92HMALLINFORMATION CONTAINEDL "1 mmii I J HEREIN IS ?NC_LASSlFlED r '" _ {,92 DATEJZIY s--1_ BY . e *-* i"'f_"_: 3 92--_R,[ 1 -_--_ more: We have had cordial re1atl_op_p gm; S991t9!1¢KIl¢|l91- ,m';n2;¢¢é
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hi u@1@*~#3%駧9R§§|@~cmmsmmyluumu urmn'!uo 3. LASSIFIEDuccaxnaarrn -ct, Hj";_1¬ j ",; J. = .- -
.- . .. ilooontly aatiouaido publicity hao hooa givoa to o 4
photograph at ouhjoot King purportodly takoo at tho Iighlandor
loll: School {IIIL Qthoro in tho ghotogagh havo hooa loocribod
aa connuniatl. and tho allogationy haa hoon aado that ling:
pa-oaoaco at tho Ill yrovoo hia having attondod a co-uaiot
training oohool." ling haa pohlioly aooaorod thia oritioin by
olaiaing that tho photograph no takon at tho llth lnnivoroary
Colohration or tho III in 1187, _Io olaiaaod that that woo bio --
only appoaranco at tho II'l__and that ho baa thoro tor only about
ono hour in ordor to aato an add:-ooo which laotod ahoat on2 - Q I; -. '- _,_§_- ,_=.. , I 7. ':;_ inlay;-Ti. -I.-#4 7. .7
. luroau iiloo rovoal that tho III lator known aa thoHighlander loaoaroh and lducation ontar, inn ita can anniver-
aary Oolhhrotioa our tho Labor lay oookood, I/Q0-I/I/Q1,' - ~ m. - .1'e.' -92.~.-'9'
I1 . ho Iuroaa, oi oouroo, to aura:-o oi tho oaturo ot tho
III. o it ia dooirod, hooovor, that availahlo Iaoto ho obtaiaod
rolativo to {info proaonco at tho an in ordor to ouhatantiato
or provo !aloo'_hi.I anloaijoi-tho oriticiQ, ~ -- -
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Atlanta it inltruotod to maodiatoly rovioa ato lilo
ooncaraing ling and any other appfopriato iiloo for into:-nationwhich would toad to "am-ovo or oioprovo F-n¢'o oloia, Fartin-
larly onto intonation indicating ling o noaooco at tho III oa
any oooaoiono othor than tho oinglo tioo ho olaiaa. cl! lilo
rorioa uncovorl tho idontitioaaot ootahliahod roliahlo I092I!,'¢lI
who night ho holpiul, loacla ahould ho lot out tor contaot pa-o-I
vidod cane can ho dono with full locurity insofar ao provontio;
§iogfo or anauthoriaod individu2.1I'lN_¢°I1ll "I" If Q!!! 51"! nnqunrn _<.-: , -» - - "" ' - . ' ~ c = -".1-m1%1 92 ' A L/'-'»75_%?'~=- ghlandor Polk Ichool! ____ _ <-- ~ ' $5-71:00:05",f-9;, gal !92. % PunAE C_u_92.,I _.,§§§=, no
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5 =5? * Inoxville la lnetructed to promptly review its llle1;@£}.
onoernlng the III and any ethe; lllee tor tntoraation which '1
would prove or dieprove Iine elala. "Io alert to the yoaalblllty
at having eetabllehed reliable I9uroea_eataoted ab lndlcated_abeye_[er Atlanta.--. _. _1e-i§=1,.".'»"..; * .* -F.--
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' loth etttoea ehould expedite thle aatter and reply by -_-1,
an-tel. It lntoraatlen along the llneey Indicated lane previously.
been auhaltted tornleh date and eaptlea1 1
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D e: 4/ 65
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nmncron, FBI J
| 1 1 /seen: sac, KNOXVILLE 00-3537! t .
1 ~"STUDENT mancn on WASHINGTON, '
_ 4/17/65
/ TNFORMATION coxcnanrnc
INTERNAL SECURITY!
_ _ co; wro
d 31" J9-F_ 1
5 J1 Re Knoxville teletype
to Bureau 4/13/65. @
9292: 92
' Enclosed are 8 copies of letterhead memorandum
reporting information contained in referenced teletype.
Two copies have been designated for the Washington Field
t Office and one copy of letterhead memorandum is being
1 forwarded to Baltimore. - 5
-
Research
House ofSource
and Education Center are 92
Representatives Select igate foundation
and other organizations which committee advised the Bureau
1 by mem0 andum reflecting intervjgggtgiéhlvariousqwitnesses
r
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' 92 --Ungn swarms DEPARTMENT orsrzcn
*e:.=' ~
' "':.@;,:,- _ rnnnnix. nunnm or INVESTIGATION ,
' Knoxville, Tennessee U
3 I"R'P*J-P5 "R4"° April 13, 1965
FiI|Ne._ <. _ - _.' , .'Yqr..' ,'_,~ _.4 .
V t. - .
- srnnmrr macs on WASHINGTON,
APRIL 17, 1965
INFORMATION concrnnme - _
INTERNAL sscunrrv!
65, a confidential who has On April 13, 19
reliable information in
Source sta
The Knoxville Journal, Knoxville, Tennessee, a local,
daily newspaper, In issue of 375/65, reported that the Highlander
Research and Education Center and the Student Non-violent 00- *
ordinating Committee were sponsors oi the organization. This news
release states that it was reported by AEPAC that the organization
was formed to "help organize jobless and under-paid white and Negroes
in Appalachia. The Appalachian Economic and Political Conference will
work in ten Southern States which lies partly in Appalachia. This
mountainous region has been harder hit by unemployment and poverty
than most other areas of the nation." It was reported that AERAC
feels "that Government program to meet these problems are inadequate
and temporary and do not get at the basic causes of poverty. We
hope to give the people of Appalachia a persuasive voice in economic
and political decisions affecting their lives". .
nienjngrfnga RESEARClf_I Ayn snucnrou cnnma
ALL INFORMATION cormmco ~ "A é/, 7//as NCLASSIFIED ° ° " A / H pp .3 I ...<=~.< A 1» 4': -- TE.-..J@!Lm BY .. . ma g/.. / . ,
l
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On October 14, 1952, a source advised that the High- >
lander Folk School was an institution located near Monteag1e,'
Tennessee; that it was an institution with classes on a seminar_r
basis Supported primarily by donations from individuals and -
from labor unions in the form of payment for students who ' "
attend, and to some extent by the Farmers Union. It offered "
courses of instruction in labor organization, offichil economics,
parliamentary procedure, and the general field of labor education.
This source added that this school has had Communist-
Pnrty members on its staff and as instructors, and has followedi
the practice of welcoming Communist Party members as students,
but to the source's knowledge the school has never offered _
courses of instruction in Communistic matters nor has the
Communist element ever completely controlled the institution.
A second source advised that LOUIS BUDNEZ, admitted
;_; r editor of the "Daily Worker", an East Coast Communist news-
sper, and former official of the Communist Party, advised on ,-
xowenher 21, 1952, that the Highlander Folk School was pro-
Conmcnist. BUDENZ did not give further details regarding this
school. __ .
_ The October 8, 1961 issue of the Knoxville News-
Sentinel, a local daily newspaper published at KnoxvIIIe, Tenn-
essee, contained an article reflecting the Highlander Eolkm§ghg§L_
had announced plans for a similar school at KhoViII§*t' he locatedat 1625 Riverside Drive. The article identified HYLd§¥§ORTON asDirector of Highlander. ;;;/- xx ,~___._.__.-» _ d _
The December 17, 1961 issue of the Knoxville News-
Sentinel contained an article reflecting that on Uecemer 16,
IF61, assets of Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tennessee,
were auctioned by the State of Tennessee under a court decree .
@¥+er the school was convicted of violating three Tennessee laws
and failed in appeals to the State and United States Supreme
Courts. 92 _ _ . ..~
The July 8, 1962, issue of the §npxville News:Sentihel
contained an article reflecting the land on wlch Hilander FBIE
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School was formerly located had been sold at public auctionunder Court decree. The article stated that MYLES HORTON,Director of Highlander, during its entire existence, has movedto Knoxville, Tenness and has been granted a State Charter toran organization callegiggghlander Research and Education Center-'**v'1 e '4 - ~ ifi-1'" " is ,, Li; 121-! ;; .*~-;~_=-_--
Ehis document contains neither recommendations norconclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and isloaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be dis-
tributed outside your agency.
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'.':;.".s:r.it me followinq in seer W Type id Pemnkxfw COHURH m mzmzm | UNCLASSIFIED a
2 __ AIRTEL __s&lBHAlL__a_ o 7 _92 G j g L Priority! MTE Y
_________________________________ _-.______ I L*-*
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U] T0: Director, FBI 00-106670! ' B/|UI 92
FROM: SAC , Knoxville 57-253! RUC! _ *
1 I-LARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. L '2' *5
sncuarry urrrsa - c - A
ReBuairte1 to Atlanta and Knoxville 4/6/65.
A review of appropriate Knoxville files fails to
reflect any information indicating KING'S presence at the
Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tenn., other than the
occasion of the 25th Anniversary celebration at Highlander
<- on the Labor Day weekend of 1957. File contains the photo-
¢raph circulated by the Georgia Commission on Education,
stlanta, reportedly made of KING at Highlander Folk School
H35! cg this occasion, It is noted that file contains an
article in the New York Times dated 7/?/57 reporting that'.-IFS would hold ersary on the Labor Day week- -end of l957._ It is reported that an interracial group of .6
C<>=1.S11J-t=i.Iié¬>_.3;£1.<l_-§1;e§l$§ls...h=nze..heen_.iEVi.1=?§.£9..P.E=1=i¢iRe!=e ». among_those_beingsRev._EAR$INiLUTHER»KING,"Jr., Dr. ALONZO
EOXRON, president of Hampton Institute, and AUBREY WILLIAMS,
Montgomery Farm Magazine, and former director National Youth
Administration, Rev. C, K. STEELE, RALPH HELSTEIN, president
of the United Packing House workers, and C. CONRAD BROWNE 1
of Koinonia Earns, described as an interracial religious 92
settlement near Americus, Ga.
The Knoxville Regs§Sentinel, Knoxville, Tenn., a
daily publication, in issue*I573757T'reported testimony by
; "an undercover agent" before the Georgia Commission on Edu-
cation, pertaining to the meeting at Highlander. A memberr = » /"wwii P . . /- Bure'a92ua - _ / -P= Atlanta flG0e5585! in!e! .~92 .__. _-_~.¢¢we g- _ , - /_ _ , 3 norarmnnxs. ILzxilozivélle-2§ 157 253! Jxp/192.l92 m _ _ y
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of the Commission stated that KING was one of those present
and he described a
apparently was the
Georgia Commission
Pamphletphotograph of KING. This photograph
one that was later circulated by the
on Education. =
distributed by Highlander Folk School,
Monteagle, Tenn., entitled "Highlander Clippings" contains
excerpts from newspaper articles reporting the visit of
Mrs. ELEANOR EOOSEVELE at Highlander on 6/17/58 and also_
items concerning the 25th Anniversary of the school. One
item in this pamphlet contains an excerpt of an address by
KING. This item is headed "The Look to the Future" by
MARTIN LUTHER KING, Jr., Montgomery Ala.;' an address deli-
vered at the 25th Anniversary of HFS, Monteagle, Tenn., Labor
Day 9/2/57! transcribed from a tape recording!. Hr. Chairman,
Mr, Horton, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen: .It
is a great privilege and a distinct honor for me to have the._¢ff -M
. gr I
"Al
opportunity of being a part of the 25th Anniversary observance
of the Highlander Folk School. I have long admired the noble
purpose and creative work of this institution. For twenty-
Wive years you have stood with dauntless courage and fearless
determination. You have given the South some of its most '
responsible leaders in this great period of transition, and
so I am happy to congratulate you today for all of your great
work, and hope for you many more years of creative and meaning
fill ~92'Or1t. Q 0 0 H
Chattanooga NewsFree Press, Chattanooga, Tenn., in
issue 9/2e7s9 Eants£5ea a news item reporting that HFS, whose
main educational building had been padlocked as a "public"
nuisance" was trying to organize a "protest" by "friends" to
the Tenvessee Governor, It was reported that earlier in the
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J:., and all who subscribe to principles of life advocated
by these organizations and persons will not go unmolested
by the opposition".
Reference isfde to Memphis letter to Director
dated 4/2/59 entitled .lQHL§§DER_EQLK SCHOOL, IS C",
wherein it was transmitted alletterhead*nenoEontaining'
W An article appearing in the Qhattanooga Daily Times,
Chattanooga, Tenn.; in issue 2/23/61 dateIined Atlanta, re-
ported that the Southern Christian leadership Conference and
Highlander Folk School had joined forces to train Negro leaders
for the Civil Rights struggle. It was reported that KING was
head of the SCLC and a conference spokesman was reported to
have said eleven Negroes had completed a week's training at
Highlander and another class was expected.
The article continued that some observers had said
,ke affiliation of Dr. KING'S organization with Highlander
raised serious questions of prestige for KING'S group. JAMES R
5
H
h!
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aware of the problem but he asserted "we find no reason
not to
in the
cannot
is notcooperate with any organization that is interested
development of full citizenship for Americans which
be proved to have conducted itself in a manner which
American or patriotic". it is noted that the articl
contained no information that KING was engaged in any capa-
city at the school.
ZIGHLANDER
I
of
*-92Knoxville letter to Director 8/13/63 entitled
"~S* . . CENTER INFORMATION nARCH AND EDUCATION
" rev--"92
1|-.4
Knoxville files also contain a photostatic copy_
a letterhead of the Kighlander Education and Research
center date: Icy, 196%, reflects among approximately 90
Llghlandér sponsors listed on the 1etterhead'the name Rev.
EQRTIN LUTH33 KING, Jr. A review of the file reflects that
the names Highlander Education and Research Center and High-
lander Research and Education Center are used interchangably
A pamphlet of HREC indicates that among approximately 90
sponsors in the fall of 1963 KING is also listed.
- . - ... 4: -:1 + ...-.4='|.-...+ 4-L... :,.|.-...+:+.. ...nThe £113 1"¬92F".i.E92v 4.3;:-5 LG .l.'|::.|..|.I=uu DISC: J.ut:.u|..J.. uy U4.fl any established reliable source who might be contacted in
j connection with the matter of KING'S presence at the school,
1 I
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4-750 -7-79!
indicated, explain this deletion.
II}
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Cl
i:I For your information: uiuM___A____________________ _________
ya; 1 *7 I , 7,1 f /
X hkkk
AXXXXX
XXXXXX
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEETXXXXXX
XXXXXX
XXXXXX
_lB____ Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where
oé 7 c; - 2» 1 DDeleted under exemptioms! __ __ ,,___ A_.» _ . with no segregable
material available for release to vou 7
Information pertained only to a third party with no reforeric-e to you or the subject of your request.
Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
D0 :ument s! originating with the following governnionl a|z :riL'_92' ies!_ _,___ ___
Page s! withheld for the following reason s!:_ ,_ ______ __ , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you.
Page s! referred for consultation to the foilowing government. agencytiesl; %.._______i__
.__ as the information originated with them. You will
be advised of availability upon retum of the material to the FBI.
T following n_gn}ber is to/be! used for refer t-e r garding these
_ _. -l.._1;__./ -> 11 I _ Y if _P_§D __ .__._j__ ___D /0 r1 1-'7"
7 74/»;
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
gig DELETED PAGEKS! §
X NO DUPLICATION FEE X
X FOR THIS PAGE X
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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Ck-92Transmit the following in __ ___ W , _ ___ '
Type in plainte.-:2 or code! -
AIRTEL AIR nun. -- ~ --' .. . - I -. ".-.-n__~-.' .-nua .__-92...., -_ -|i4_..-¢_-4-
7 '~ I" FD-35 {Rev s-22-an . I _' ' .
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Date: 5/1/65
Vic ,, _, W
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1Q - TO:
1-"non; sac, savnmmu 00-see!
SUBJ2 d:hIGHLAHDER FOLK SCHOUL
following
Courier",__-....__________.-.__.-1q__1_,-. Priority! - "- '
nxnncma, re: s1-1511! .
IS C 7
Savannah tile: 100-596!
RACIAL SITUATION,
cmunsmn, s. c. ,
Savannah tile: 157-92! *i
Enclosed tor the Bureau are
articles appearing in the "
a daily
Article
4/27/65
Article
Article
Article4',_
1 we/
two copies each 01 the
Charleston News and
newspaper, Charleston, S. C., as follows:
entitled,
entitle
entitl d
9292
entitled"Rights Ibrkshop Gets Under lay ,
"Highlander School", 4/27/65
It Can Happen Here", 4/28/65
"Role of Church Discussed at
Civil Rights W'r shop", 4/28/65.
§'§;!- Bureau Enc. 8!¬lQQ92»
Savannah
'4- - 100-596!
-~_ - 15?-02!.
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About 00 persons yesterdaattended the rst two
of a civil rights educational
workshop being held this week
in Charleston and Summerville.
the Highlander Research Cen-
ter oi Knoxville. '
Esau Jenkins, director and
coordinator for the workshop
and president of the Citizens
Coniniitta of Giarleston Cain;
ty, said the sessions are being
held in hopes of creating an
atmosphere for better race re-
lations, improved economic
status for Negroes and a means
of seeking ways to terminate
marches and similar demon-
strations. . - -
Jenkins said the workshop is
being held primarily for minis-
ters in Charleston and Dorohas
ter County hut %a'i they ii
open to all interested persons.-A Z p.m. session held at Zionl III. I L I J Lwe woresnop is sponsor-en DT!l.iiIiitS¬ll witii groups
i '- an. . ' | -
1: _- -.:___1 as5"°.P.
er Way
change men's hearts. _ __
"To advance the cause of ao-
change It isnt enough to ve
good intentions Effective work
18 what is required he said
ollowing Father Kelly's ad-
_ A st folksiriger Guy CaravvlanBil inc grwp in several sparin-
iuals, after which iem was i
discussion period
1 fthe discussion was led
92ther Kelly the Rev UtKll'lIl0lI of the In
lifil gidoggu corn"- in anta e
1Enwngiit pastor of
mouth Congregational
workshops. ;; .l.
r92dun:ssin" :'§ an audience of
about 25 persons in SinnmerviileJ
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makela sown enenVirtmm:il anddlrlgzmbyii
lie Indlecto page, name at
nowlpupor, city nd llll-l
News & Courier
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- ' DISCUSSION LEADERS -_ - -"-.1
Leading the discussion in the workshops yesterday at Zion-Olivet PreslIY|P°1"
ian Church were left to right!: the Rev. J. T, jinwright, ;h8I1¢5t°n "hum"
oi the workshop and pastor of the Plymouth Congregatronal C_l1111'¢h; the
Rev. U. Z. McKinnon of the Interdenominational Theological Semlnary in At- _
' lanta; and the Rev. Eugene Kelly, pastor of St. John's Roman Cathohc
1......"- '"~-" ~- __,,._' .-" Photo by Workman.! ___.-__.:__W_ ___ _ -- -_.* -.W--.._._i__Y._.._.__ . __-__
ernment is doing too much." .
Father Kelly ma. "'I_her mo!
doing too much. QM 1'9 11-|5l.5°'tug what the states fail to do." '
. "The point is, w
who will do.
help the indlvldu
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;- Highlander School '""- i
'1o"IheNewslndCouriel':s'"_4J
_ I note from an item April 15t um Father Eugene Kelly of st.
John's Roman Catholic Church
in Charleston has been named?
a moderator of I. 5-day work-r_ shop April new-m Gmriestonl
and Summerville under sp<mour- -
_ ship oi the Highlander Research- Center of Knoxville, Tenn. 1.It is to be hoped that.Fai.he!',iK313! ordinary, Bishop Unter-5k er, will make himself no-' -
2":2:s iwrmimnmii a oun e M
Research Center. Would he careto scrutinize thcmzersonnel of In=r prganization ed the High-
] _ i_IiI -T 5: Iladder Folk School, which r
.its charter in Tennessee Ind92give reamurance tohiu aniioun ..lifhnrleston rm -"- u such u .
possible that Father Kelly is -'
inotnow idtiiying himselfwlthlri»
up outt oi Abner Berry,__James Dombrowskl and mm 1'Williams, whose recent d _; .
inspired a tearful eulogy in the i l
k I invite Bishop Unterkoefler in .= .
make a detailed study of 110- .
{pm-tNo. 4 oftheJointLeglsla- 92
tive Committee on Un-Amer-1cm -Staté {pg Louisiana. He mag _~..ma comparisons. come
this conclusions, and issue I.
§statemeut which the people oftCharleston, Protestant Ind ~.
Catholic, are awaiting, as to:fwhether these two mug _:r>-,n'amed Highlander have a re p -tionship to each other. - -
, C. R. NICH018 - .
898 Beaverhrook Dr.,pR.W, s - 4 pCommunist People: World? 'l_ll
---aw
l92 92
Data:
--Author:
EGUOI:
TRIO:
92
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t orEdition: lndl::l:lt0 pudl, ncmo ofll uowupapcr, city and atom.!
_I|;ie News & Courier
Charleston, S-0.
nprn 2?, 1965
Morning
C. R, Nichols
Thomas R. Waring
Chrlructor:
Classication:
Submitting Oiltcit h
ALL INFORMATI-SF! C-'J?ITAlNED i W"
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Res p o n si bl e Charlestonians
should take note of the civil rights
educational workshop being held
here under Highlander Center
sponsorship, and look to the fu-
ture.
For years, the Highlander or-
ganizations have been deeply in-
volved in radical political__action.
One can be sure that the latest op-
eration has not been setup without
some long-range political goal in
mind. Of significance ls the pres-
ence on the Highlander program of
a member of the Charleston County
Anti-Poverty Committee. .
What lies in store for this com-
munity may be indicated by in
editorial in The Richmond News
Leader on a new political revolu-
tion now brewing. I
' The outlook for local govern-
ments in cities and towns through-
out the country is not good," saidH__.___..i rrrcan Happen Here 5
..__.__ a- __1.s .._-a:.._ L1 . _ . _ ...- _8111111 EU WEIR VUI»-I118 U1-Ulx IJIIUI-ls _
persons in low-income and slum
ireasjs _ i. _
In this connection, local govern-
ment agencies should exercise cau- "
tion in giving funds or Iaciiities to C
the war on poverty." They may -
be paying for the political indoc-
trination of slum dwellers. " c . ~
The experience of New York City
is instructive. In that metropolis. i Z
anti-poverty and youth aid pro- _ ;grams have become political action l '
groups. They have sponsored rent I
strikes and other revolutionary '
moves. Charlestonians shouldn't be
quick to say; It can't happen
here." It can. ,--'- - - . l
vv'l1ile overcomg mverty and
promoting education are worthy
goals, programs esigtied to ad-
vance these causes should not be a
mask for full scale social, economic
and political revolution. Insofar as -
the City and County of Charleston ,irsdicat; pdl, sa¢m:o! 1"
i nowlpslpir, city and attain.!
i____oa
i__The News 8; Courier-
____§har1eston, S,C,
April 28, 1965
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QMount Clipping In pone Below!__:"..
.31-'-.-
__ _ "I - 1- ! _ _
----._~ "as Yr - ;
Role Of Church Discussed
At Civil Rights Workshop. g
Churches need to concernj
themselves more with saving the
whole man rather than saving
his soul, a professor of theology?
_said here yesterday. .
The concept was advanced
by the Rev. U. Z. Mcliinnon of -
lthe 1nterdenominational.Theolo-
gical Seminary in Atlanta, at
,the second session of a five -
lday civil rights educational
;workshop being held this week
at Zion - Olivet Presbyterian
Church. l
! The workshop is sponsored by
the Highlander Research Center
iof Knoxville, Tenn. Coordinator
ltor two sessions held daily here
and in Summerville at Emanuel
Baptist Church, is Esau Jenkins.
Mr. Mciiinnon yesterday
served as moderator for a dis-
cussion entitled The Role of
the Church in Implementing the
1964 Civil Rights Bill." 1He charged that one of the?
faults of e Negro church fortyears has been the emphasisi
placed upon the soul rather than,
the entire body. -with the showing of a docum_m-
tary film entitled The Streets
of Greenwood" Miss!. 'lhe
come registered voters.
Following the show of thefilm, Mr. Mcliinnon niinigded the -
cuss the theme oi yesterdays
seminar. Each group reportedfilm depicts the struggle of ' it n C Indicate paqo. name oiN¢§10¬$ ill Gf¢9l1W00d t0 I 'b0' newspaper. city and lino.!
participants into groups to dis- _9*
results of its respective discus- -. -1}, N & C 1sion, with recommendations for . ___ B ews our E:
adoption oi a number of pro- .
grams in which churches could
aid in implementing the Civil
Rights Act.
A similar format was followed Sat the 5:30 pI.m. session in Sum- _»I
merville, w ere about 20 pe1'- .'sons attended. i '
The Rev. I-lertry Grant, direc-
tor of St. John's Community
Center and local coordinator for
the federal government: Job
Opportunity Program, will dil-
cuss the advantages of the Eon-
nomic Opportunity Program attodays sessions. - ~ l"1 am know how_you ClnT"" '-1'
save my soul without saving all
-of me," he wondered.
I "We've been concentrating on
the soul and letting the body go
to the devil," he continued. -Mr. McKinnon emphasized herefers to the indi ual church
and not the church l.lIl1VBI'Sliij',when raising ' the guestion.
"What can the church o to im-
1954?"
» Let's start preaching and set-tin u program designed toiiligge the whole nian," .e chal-
"dan cann good ai
soulifhishody all lhottoipieces with disease and him-plement the Civil Rights Act oi_Char1est.on , S .0.
Date: April 23, 1965
Edition: lornillig
Author: Unknown
Editor: Thomas R, Waring
Trill:
Character:
or
Clcnatttcction:
Lihmtttinq Oilicit if
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In
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.5-7c/*?¢§;,, '
Hr. J. Edgar Hoover, Director
Federal Bureau of Investigation '
. Washington, D. B. n
I
Dear Hr. Hoover: ,
In a recent speech on the floor of Congress, Rep.
Dickinson, of Alabama, referred to the Highlander Polk
School, Zin Tennessee, as hating been s Communist training
school; but"Time" magazine stated in response to a read-
er's letter that U. S. Government investigators cleared
the school of Communist activities.
would you please clarity this situation_£or me? Any
comment you can make concerning the nature of the schoolwill he appreciated. ' '
Vi .@'7c/
ALLINFORMATION CONTAINED ' g l -
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.{92.».¢HAr "E-
.,'.f'-;--_f,'if -,'"*;."'-l ;'-.- >92_"li_ _~_H_ I:-;
""" Your letter oi May 24th has been received. - .
~- -.f , L,-5-92.§, -'.- - _ '
I - . In response to your request, information In
our files must be maintained as condential pursuant to
regulations oi the Department oi Justice and is available "
p_ _ A _ for official use only. I am sure you will understand the
,1: reason for this policy and why I am not in a position to '
;__ comment as you desire. A
. - . . ' 1 1 -o ~ -__;,,~L - .-=j__192g92_*.; -..=~ .,~.--.---. .-_.
I am enclosing some material I hope you will 9
find of interest. A _ p _ _ P A T W __ 5.»
"' ' _ -MI-ED. Bincefely yours, _ I
MAY 2 s was ~1 Edi H°?"°1'>.; ' ..
1- _,''.Y__-_f~_':'-. -;- 11;. wE: ___-Q Q7 _ - '1 ,3 ODMM-FBI _{;_:¬-,-if-f_. . _ _ ' . I
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-'rT»._i2:_.~ltij' ffi. .51.. - .
Q-1» :1, .r"-~-'9
H Enclosures ! _. . . '- '
._;,-~_»_sf.~-e_--=.=_¢.§ Communism--The Incredible Swindle _ _ _ _ i_- Let's Fight Communism Sanely " * A "_ The U. S. Businessman Faces the Soviet Spy %
__ Time for Decision - _ _ _ I 1-.:'--_.~:;' Our Heritage of Greatness I " r - I- . -- . 6 - - 4-, , .- - -11- 1
1""_:,;.-'_.;:.';"__.:' ; I ._l_
3;
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, . 3' B eau has not investigated this -srganization. 1-7511-266;-ZIIIEQ8. ii._T I ,. 3>_J,p/ -.,92 _?__"l'.}% 'Psuu:-rl:| -WP . . I '1.
,-,- --. .... . ....e-=.-.-.~v"'-;'r*.-1:"-~.. fir"1 ~ ¢ -E. ~;- '* y-,';'=-F -3:*1-.??'?'F7?:E7<-gag5;.-'"!~e:';T§'C!.'.%-7;-".F'5T. -.-"-.;'-:.,'T/T 11;?" _"':.".-'2'.--3,, '5-J-.'!'.'I-.1 WT. ~¢ ""§-"'. __ "5". . 1 -r l _' ".l4.~'' *1 .".:-.@-.:-:.-="-;.-.~.»»;-.'=-1~,+:.;:~'#,:x~;g**';.>;;:.,a.¢-rr~92-».s;a,:1ret,-,';m;;=,~.,~92*': ..==..-: .-5,-_---.= -5.-n .--. r-_.",:-== -ALL INFORMATION commute
. " DATE§MZLBY
De/Mi . ii
-_-
y ,, _ " .": NOTE: Correspoiident is, I1O_t_identifiia.ble in Buiiles and the Hi@lander92*
' hm been the"s92'15j'e'ct:bI numerous allegations that it is a
communist school and_th_e headquarters of communism in Eastern Tenness
_p clue primarily to its racial character. These allegations have not been
-; m__ substantiated. The Bureauis cognizant of the numerous communist
-3-_ f 6 liations of personnel affiliated with the Highlander Folk Sc 1."rue./7
it
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E006 IE". §-22-on - -""-. ___ J, - . .
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' FBI
Date: 8/9/55
Transmit the followinq in s is _ ,____ _ _ _ -
Type in plaintczl or code! -
vs _ _,AIRTElALL11lN_F0BMATI0NICUINIAINED it _l_g_g
A HEREIN ISUNCLASSWIED""""'"'DATE7;;fi[£:"BY'a?'5§lzn,Z21>" """"" '*'
I TO: nxnncron, FBI 00-100670j. M1-
rn0n= sac, nnnrnis 00-4105! auc!
7 nnnrxn LUTHER KING, an,-OCZ7/-5&1-,LAA!QICY"' Fob/< S_¢'
... I W7 H WW 777" 7 W7 7 7 7 4:7
Enclosed herewh for the Bureau are two o 1
news clippings, plus two Xerox copies of each clipping. I
Also, one Xerox copy of each clipping is enclosed for the 1
A Knoxville Division since it contains information regarding
the Highlander Folk School. One Xerox copy of each clipping 92
; is enclosed for Atlanta, origin in instant case, and for
i
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A 3-Time Visitor Reports:
l Ii WasiDiiiereni,i but Noi Reci
o * * *l *i*1* ____;_* *i_jq__
By NAT CALDWELL !!_ Not Un-American ' . ' --.
- Waff Correspondent 'YFRACY CITY, Tenn.--Merchants up this way 3
say if an election could be held on whether
Highlander Folk School was a Communist train- i
ing school, most Grundy County folks would vote ,
they think it was.
For 30 years Highlander operated in this moun-
teinous region and had some famous visitors and
.w.ig1prirl.el"s, including Mrs. Eie§n_CE_§o0sevelt.- _'
Sir:-use thins-=rstrnnze form Horton who aimed this at
their timewcnt on at High-
;-ndg? in the y'='l.P? l'iPf 92!¢ it.
was closed in 1962 alter a .
state court found beer Was-
5~rvi:d on the premises.
The aura. of mystery that-
surrcunded the school and
what went on there stimulated,
the belief by some local peoplothat whet was taught at High-I
lander was communism. Thia-
Ienr now has been fed by loaf-
latpi god billboards which have
hPPl'! distributed across the
south by the While CitizensCouncil. '
'] 'n»_5g ]'iU! liCiiOIlI carry a
picture |-pf DI. Martin Ll.ltH8I'
King seated beside Myles
Horton, Highlander director
in I1. classroom at Hi;:hlander.~
_'I'he caption on the picturernaiin: '
"Martin Luther King at
Communist training school."
Ten years alter the picturethe tirnl: says today: Whila
tho Citizens council knows W0weren't Clugtmunisi, the gloo-trinaira iaral must ava
known wa would not hava ule
our facilities to train profes-
slcglal government spies.rr and on during tho yearn
various charges were aimed
at Highlo.nder and Horton,who now runs a auccesg;achool at Knoxville. A 1
a t a. t a . leglelativa committee|_--..i.._ emu. - 1....» -4 us-n,"ED-IIIJ I92IIJ_. 1 |I92I'92I. 1|: Ills!
1a.ndera.nd that probe left the 5
iinpression that Horton was In
opportunist but not a. oom-
munist.
On three, occasions during
its 30-year existence, in 1936,
1947 and an-ain in 1960-this-I
i
I
i
reporter visited Highlander. -
What went on thera eer-
tslnly might have been un-Certainly thera was the dile
content of the 'Worltin8 '51"-
expressed in _t.he 1930'! bl?
representatives of organized
lsbor who represented men
struggling out ot tho deli? -
sion just so in the 150': there
-was discontent expressed B!Negroes who W61! bsrflnniblto struggle for equal gilt!-But thora was never tho
feeling that this was subvar-
sivs or on-Amer-icon, 6--on
when some idaas 92I'|92|l=|I
seemed impractical, hair-
brainsd or hall-baked wars of-
Ierad.
Much of the thinking and
lslkinp at seminars and at
informal discussions around
the dinner uiblo centered on
the nerds for an urban. indw-
trisi society. Horton constant-
ly tried to keep a light note
on the conversation. but tre-
quently' when he told storiell
1|-is; were supposed to be lun-
ny he would forget the punch
line. He . wu an 11166!!!-lit
name droper. talking of some
nseociation he wu luPP°8¢d
to have had with Waiter Rou-
92har,.Roil'i192o||l Niabuhr. "Pl-
oosavalt or Jarnaa Carey.
There was a good deal of
slnglngsongo like "Solidarity
Forever" and "Picket LinoI
Indie-oia pnqa. nnllua ol
nawapopor, city and Inna.!
Para 1 BaI-¢- § _
THE KASHVILIE
TENNESSEAN
llliahville, Tennosso
-outn-
s
:3: I'll
M~==NAr CALDWELL
=-*==~==Z}on1~l snxomrniu
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- 920
. om" beg e favorites as the wiwhed to civil
rights.in a library oi 8.000 volumesthere were a few boo e on
communism - perhaps 20, In-
cluding a well-worn copy of
Das Kapital.
Merchants ol this town of
1,547 sold groceries and other
supplies at Highlander - but
they don't want to talk for
the record about the school.
One oi them that I had inter-
viewed a few years back when
I was up this way, told me re-
cently he doesn't think that
the changes of time-in the
area of labor and civil rights-
have helped Highlanders localreputation, -
People up here, he said, still
have the general impression
EL-.-.;;-;;-5;-:~ -:';;.<-< c . .-I v _.- , .-1* - »@,e1.r-1 " C l ~
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- -"-~, . _ _ . . . .--:=I-. <--.._,-= _1".""' .2 .- _..-,-_e_;<. ' ;_ --1*-= ,:?'- -. .* -~,s---rgm-.s1_»;;<-12.15 -2. I ., ' »l%ez._; c 3_;> '°;$§:.7§{_.5 l 1
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£55;-. c " -;<' -t ',.§__.'- 51- -:,;..- __ of,-.- ' ; ,..-_. --.._, ,:,-_-;- .. _ .Y-_,¢ _..___-I __:!=,_v .' 1..-- ~ .. M; -..~"-- " 92.
- " i -_¢ ._.___ .. J , ._ .:4 M! .., ;-- H. ' ,-- » -»
Nat Caldwell
- Tell: how it was
that Highlander was Cdmm1|-
nisi. And, he said, it doesnt
change anyl:-ody's mind be-
cause "President Johnson now
says the same things that
Miles Horton used to say."
Last Thursday was the
fourth anniversary of the auc-
tion sale that disposed of the
school's Grundy County prop-erty ior $43,700. -
That sale came after a
Grundy county jury found the
school guilty of being a de-
segregsted institution in de-
ance of state laws, and ruled
Horton was guilty of running
the school for his personal
gain and guilty also of selling
beer without a license. Oom-
munlsm was not involved in
the _|urye verdict. '
A circuit judge, on the basis
of these findings by the jury
ordered the school's charter
revoked. The Tennessee Su-
preme Court upheld the judgeI!
I
ll
.ll |
c
No Question ---- '
There was never any ques-
tion about Highlander bring
an Inter-rnrlal school. And
thrre was never any problem
either about getting a drinkoi beer. " ~
The school was located in a
remote. if not private. part of
the county. it was just twelve
miles from Tracy City -~ about
three fourths of the way to
Ilonteagle by Highway 56. a
right turn up s country lane
and on about s mils to Surn-
rnsr-field.
Bummerfield, before High-
lander started in 1932 and att-
er it left in 1962. was just s.
little rural community like
,Alla.rdt and Rugby and Picas-
ant Hill -- other Cumberland
plateau towns.
In I-lighlander's 30 years
School President Horton al-
ways boasted and weathl
records back up his claim -
that no northern visitor ever
failed to coll for blankets on
the hottest summer night . . .
"Our money always goes for
books. food. instruction or
scholarships." he would say.
"Air conditioning is for Lake
.luna1uslm." .
The Tracy City businessman
I talked wiih llllirl hr.ls proud
that "for years I kept the FBI
and the American Legion eur-
rent on Highlander." -
He did not smile at the re-
collection of Horton's famous
warm-up introduction in HliIh-
lander for visitors. Often, he
said. it was a prelude to an
appeal for donations.
"Everybody wants to forget
we had that mess up here,"_
the businessman said.
Horton has never denied
that the school he ran was
"different." but he offers lo
reporters who ask about the
Communist charge the fact
that when he alllilied 1'9! I
passport to England in the
middle of the 1859 Tennessee
legislative committee probe of -"communism" at I-lighlanderwhe got his passport quickly
and witliout a hitch. He was-
going _to England to act as!
chairman at an international
educational conference. '
Horton also points out the.
Treasury Department rsvolcedl
the school's tax exempt statuaj
alter the U.S. Supreme Court's
1962 refusal to hear an s.p--
peal from a Tennessee Su-5
preme Court decree revoking_its charter. i
But Internal Revenue agentsj
checked the charges of sub-
version as well as the charges
of operating the school for!.pe|-sonal gain. After a fowl
months the tax exemption for
_school supporters was re-.1
stored for the succession l-ilgh- 1<
i
1.l.- . . . .- -92 . ,-_'..- -.»---¢ .'.:-"I-.-.'--_'.-'. .",'- r.~" ,q-1"T-.-'-.l- '_.-..';-92 -5: 3* ~ - . - -- - -.---.~92.-.-..-._. -.,<~----.--.5-.-~.--V -_.- .. ---.~. »1 - _ -- -,, H-.__ I~ -.- -5- . _,.__ ,. r._-¥.,,».»-_-l._. __.-J, .~.__ _._92 ,_ _, -_-I -'._ _'_-,. l -.1.q,._ _,__.. '_ -. ~.' _ .» -- .-- - ;._ ' =_- -._--l1,~ ,-t-4 {'92 -.--1» F. _- 1-1.-_~h -_- *,-g-- :~,;..,--,» - _..»__, ~ 92 92 _'_-.'_._92. __-,..a__.._1;- _.§.»-M-.k.i., _._ _. - -.-. ._ _-_._' '_':.,_.__._ ,_-2,-_-",=.-_ r- u_"s<r,;£ {;_'#§'-_-_;.:.=. _-:_I_-5'!» _.-.';'._.,_._._._ -.l--.~ ' _ _, _ _ .; t, __ l. _ _ . . _- _ .. -. ,. , :éhl.| i-rm. ha 1; 53--_,-= -k '92- . --» . _ It __-.___-,_':*_-1:';,_;~_g...:-l"-t-...ia-.r~-u*m-.. _
rights workers and as:-lier"tor union is-hor Qf ;_
Proud oi Kindergarten. f -
Horton was proud or the
kindergarten at Highlander.
It was tor those under 8 years
old, not unlike today's Opera-
tion Hea.dsts.rt.
He boasted to visitors about
the kindergarten as he did
about the weather. It was
staffed. he claimed. by the
nation's top lnstructon. vaca-
tioning at Highlander and
paying their own way. They
were. he said, regular staff
members of tho nation's mos!
famous kindergarten, theChase School. ' __
There were other Berton
boasts in addition to weather
and kindergarten. He maln-
tained. his school had dons a
better job than the labor move-
ment in training labor leaders.
And probably because of this
criticism of lahor he was
squeezed. down to two or three
minutes on n state C10 mn-
ventlnn pro;-ram, n. state labor
federation meeting and a rall-
road brotherhood's program,
This was in the late Forties. ._
A Loud Griper
During that -very period
Horton grip:-rl louder and.
more and more publicly s.s he.
called attention to his school's
"right to be heard" In 1150!
circles. The more the unions
tried to ignore him, the more
he complained. -
Highlander was switching
during this period from labor
leadership training to integra-'
tion leadership training. Moll
of the Tennessee unions. at the
time, took a dim view of com-
bining the two. Most labor
leadra thought union deseg-
regation in the South would
wreck their organization. . ',
When Congressional oom-
mitteo investigators p l a. c e d.
Horton on their grill in the
following years as though he
was a well known Communist
Horton entered into a. name-
firing contest with investiga-
tors. He nearly panicked the
Eastland Committee's New
Orleans hearing in 1953. Ha
was ejected from hearing
rooms for upsetting hearings,
as a nuisance. and once as a
disturber oi the peace. _
This reporter questioned
him at a Tennessee labor con-
vention after the New Or-
leans hearings. About that
time. probably based on his
weird performances. informa-
tion spread that Highlander
might -be s training base for
professional FBI and commit-
tee informer-intlltrators.Following the New Orirnl
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92-I
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_ Tl1eéR_ea| Reds _.._.__.-=_-
_ Horton end the school hid -
. some difficulty in successfully"'- refuting such ehlrzes at the
time. The reason: the only* two well known Communists
f seen fairly frequently around
Highldndcr in the early deye.Poul Crouch and H. B. Rose.
were by Ulla time making the '_r-rounds oi the congressional .-- .commIttee heerlngs. Dike"
score: or oihnr professional
Communism they were singing= their hearts out for pay. '1i:|e_v
._-em-I Horton-were suspect-among: the Cnmmunietn. l l
-_ In those yesre hard-core
_ Communist! were trying to -in-
; filtrate the labor movement.
_ just as they are trying toinfiltrate the civil right! movement today, Ind thil
may account for the pretence
of such known Communists-en
.C-roucl-| and Home at High-T lender.
" Today -n revived Highlander .
exists under e new name at,Knoxville. It has under way _training schools tor civil
rights workers and lil.ere.cy'
courses at halt e dozen sites
-. eoross the South. And. noon.
it will oome up with e pro-
gram for Appalachian poverty
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A Council Leaderor %___ -__4. -lg; -
, , ALL INFORMATION QMAINED r- ' I | 1- n- - UlI'DlIlMlQll|92jl"lAQ HI;EQ- ',_ __ * n[.m.n92 lo unun..nu l
L.-Agar -x, **o*a ""
.= . 1_By_DR~..MEDF°RD EVANS L .. 1
_ 'Consultaisr,C'ifi:?hi""Coiml-h"""' 7 D41! 66THERE'S such divinity doth hedge a king"; =°~'"°'" - -
aaid _ Shal-:esp_eare._ Yet pretender: havo Avlhw DR, MEDPORD EVA§£a._!}g:}1_';;Let us not be mtlmldated by a. name and 11:; sunaerqgnn SEIGENTHALE
Image; . . . I Tlilnz H "L8 bFn R
Sc fboa.In Scpiember 1957 Martin
I S C.If!- I z
.._.¢92 -_
Horton and Wliarnl white}
the Highlander Foil: School f:}fh;':;',;ffJu:':,: Qsfhrcffr-{"c§_j'in lJnnte8Ele.1;I'§nnus¢B. Ill: _r}uc.'u!'r .mb|g.u°ul re|.u°n_' rw h 1 - I0:219: arm: r-- °°"""""'*"~.1-. gn 2'Education. Someone has uk-r..; .. 1: Highlander! éb!T*"' 5."° P I*1'°'-°F"P'92 *""'W Communist uuninr en unduly Iclnrulated for.lchool--the photogrlpher Wu mu '5'"' ' "1" ? it '5'1 Communist also. The an-3 m"" t'd by U G'°'f"uver jg that ho probl.bly> C°mmi"° in 5 ° '° "'passed tor one at tho time. 'h°'m' ""°h"5' 'm"5"""d"°"One o! Lhe pictures he took K V_ Luther-King was present I1
Chanel
_ . Clc::lcouon: L
~' LSub|nltIInq Omen
' tlvitiu I1 Highlander. In 18! - [ _
iiiuiuippi Governor inn 1'mh:,w ;:I."':;:ec1f,? W" Kin; Ba.rnott- showed it baton c _ .;_ _ 92 st
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o
-IFavailable tor general public-
f ho authenticity or
i
Iqueetloned. What has been-*
tnewii photo. There is I. tine?
t. line there eomewhere.questioned in the propriety oi ubiishini: it. r, more exert. =Flt. of displaying it on a biil- '
board.'tnr even such it critic _
an Tl-IE TENNBSSEAN has puh- ,
lilhed it more than once an athe photorraph has not been nanti white mun II not 1»mtiigi. a race--certainly not
1| Negro race. Incredibly.this spokesmen for the Nash-
ville area busineas_cl'|_lrll'l92llI_'li-
ty, in affecting to deplore tho
ereotioiror ill wiii. "re-thll
the Citiz'»ens' Oouncil billboards
remind -him oi the "era of ha-
tred which existed in Dallas
beIore""President Kennedy's
murder. -The Chamber oi Com-"o
If piety. which it inay aeanp
impioua to deface. Xliml.-j
rector J. Edgar Hoover has of
K0011 image too. And either;
Mart_l!92 lather King or J, jg.nr Hoover la a liar. A hard
¢|'l0|I-1!. hilt we have to take
one or the other. We eant
have both. Mr. Hoover called
Dr. King a liar. Therefore. it
Dr. King is not a liar, Ir.
Hoover is one. Vice verse, ifJ -t
I _ 1
iL_hibitlon or the billboards. but;nol'le"'Eha.llenge the Q,||Lhg||-
l
:¬0I"iCQl'l'l_'_1'0r its ]88|i.le et-£-fect. on some commercial or .
iFine: oithe sign, but excited lin general, the critics iro;like I-lamisit when lie said.. "All -of which I most power-fully end potently believe, but
I hold _lt not honesty to have .it thuesset down." ~
Civic leaders ' are reported
in the ores 5 denlorhig eel-
ticity of the photograph. 3
'Iherd__seems to be little ln-
terest iii Whatever truth is i
political image. - -
intemperoto - ;'..'.ie!'ce'e own
going to be
Dallas -or re
hind of immoderate outburst.image to hardly
helped either in
nnessee by that
Edlto'r',s Note: The Cham-
ber official quoted here-1'a3Ed Bih_es.,'esecutive vice presi-dent. , ' __ .
iBetter "Balanced '
Better balanced in the oom-
Inent of the Metro Human Re-
lations . Committee chairman,as quoted in THE rei~mr:ssi-hm
of Julie 20, for hr. observes cor-
reotly &at no action could he
taken-to prevent display oi the
hlllboarda_ without infringingthe rlgiii of ii-eo speech iuioioriMr. Hoover ts not e. liar, then
DP- K111! is one. Yea. it may be
Iialdi but I0 we hay. fg tglkabout fit; Bgiee not only ourWfo l e utouritveaxnayIn It stake. we should. ;
But it needs no blast troinz
._T_. Edgar Hoover to raise ques-
tlona about King's veracity.when the Mllboala first ap-laured in Isapisiana. and Ala-. I-. Jr. King was quoted bythe Associated Prose as saying
of the Highlander Folk School;
'7 IP¢nt exactly one "hour
there hack in 1958. H I W-5
trained there it was mighty
short training." That the vim;
seems to have been in 1957
rather than 19$ is not tmporl; Often the criticisms are as ~
; lntemperate in style as they *
,, are irrelevant to the substan-
»_ tive issue. A hamber of nin-
meroe official falsely charact-
_'_erizes the Citizens Council an
L."C|IIld_!5ti!l2," and speaks oi L hooded Ku Kiux Kianners.
THE TENNESSEAN of June 13
continued a front-page story4, about the Nuhvll-ie h!l!ho.I.rd.l. L
-. to Page 6-A, where the eon- .
I tinuetion lies under a photo-this dignitary too deplores the
billboards, which serve no
purpose other than to cause
strife and tension in the com-
munity.
Editor's Note: The official
quoted here was Robert J.
Werner Jr.!
Perhaps he has not followed
the career of Martin LutherKing. Kin: has stated that hisbasic met ed of operation ls,'Kl'l.p':i10f ;Klti'lThKf0l:lp in - Natc oz. ee. ere no 2
{line between the picture ot;
5 hooded -men standing under -
,-, one of the nationally distrib-
' uted billboards and the two-
? column--head "Citir.ens' Coun-
?_cil," which does not include
?'_ 1.-he usual catch line, "contin-
ued from page one." f ..
The effect ls that here ls
e photograph of the Citizens
Scum.-ii --in Nashville, Tenn; .
. wt-ien'it is actually a photo-
; graph of the Kiln In Natchez.
.- Miss."l'i-vie is either very elop- '1
Z py rnslre-up, or very good. BeQ that ea. it may, the Council
9 and the Klan have no eon-
neetioii with each ether._ If
- THE TBNNESSEAN and the
_' Chamber of Commerce official
'. Imagine that their even obvi- I
" oue imputation of guilt by ee-
- eociation is merely paying the -Oouncil in its own kind. theythe developmant of creative
tension. And from the Mont-
pornery bus boycott et 1956 to
the Selma march of I965 he
has do-no a ram-iabli job at
creating tension. if you ere
against tension. it la hard to
eee how you can be for Mar-
tin Luther King. v
It should he added that the
billboards do serve another
and i --cry useful pu%ae,
which is the presentation otan
important fact about an im-
portant man. The lawyers have
a saying, "Ree ipaa ioq1.iitur."
the thing speaks ior itself. The
basis oi Anglo-Saxon justice,
the basis or the doctrine oi
Ireedoin of the press, is that
citizens may judge oi and from
tents. _ -
'12 the §l'i0l.0[l"a|!htlf lilartinLuther ing at Highlanderthe_ first amendment" __Tel-'tant. and there la no need to
I quibble over the probability,
that _lt lasted exactly one
I|0l.Il'." But several things ghgut5 this statement are hnportanti
First. King does not ii-.i-if
t
1
.-
ithat the Highlander Foil!
5"'"'°| "I-" I Communist
training center. 1
sii Whit he does deny;--which is th t he could have
received a silzniiicant amount
01 T-1'!-llllz in the short timehe was there--is something
which the billboard never
'55- It Ill?! simply, "Martin
Luther King =2, ammonia;
Training School. Ha could
have been there not to receive
training but to give it. Anoth-
er photograph exists, as noted
Ibo". showing him at e sort1
7 oi lectern. He could, ot course,
i
i
iare iiiién i iignifiéii loo-_iure in a.n hour. -
Thirdl-nd most important
-the spirit of King's ostenai-I
hly Iacetioun remark is totally:
misleading. However brie! the,
time he spent at Monteagle. he
has collaborated over a period. ».__ .-92..
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Dr. Metlford Evans is A paid consultant for
HG CD92ilIlBlls.
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Dr. Medford Evens
Quote: Shake;-p¢erc_¢,
s-- . . . . - - _ . _u-._---..s *i-._e---_-
e
1
?
1'. gram the Citizenship hchooll|, now being spread throughout.! .
1
1
it
carries the name of "inv-
E one of til! "'-Hlhllndu BN5the national office of the Citizens Council. in
this letter to THE NASHVILLE EAN he
defends the council's billboard attacks on_ Mar- -".
tin-Luther King, and defends the policies of
Just how derogatory ine
3: ever five or slit yea?! I NS -
9i .
K
,.;_ _q ._,; -.,_*-A-,.,_ -_-¢:-;- -.x.-.-<.>; -.;;;. 5- , -I-Te": -->:- 929'6'<-92iZ-t92'?:- '-
ountains near Honteagil
1-gm; , between Chattanooga
and Nashville It is headed by_Myles Horton and has been in-'
olved in several controver-1ls situated in the Cumberland
M
V' Back of all the 'oontrove'1'll'
"BV!r Dr, King's veracity, and
beck of the concern over the
billboards, is the basic ques-.
tion of the nature of his rela-
tionship with communism. The
liberal attitude seems to be
that this question must not
he raised. much less answered.
The thoughtful and informed
citizen, however, cannot avoidralsinf it. Anthony Lewis re-gorte in the New Yorklines Nov. 20. 1964. It was
learned today that Hr. Hoover
also had said during the in-
terview"-ln which he had
called King the most notoriousu beam of the nominal |' liar in the country-- that Dr.affiliations of persons elm-l
nected with it.
Then Times reporter Sitton
went on to soy. "Some observ-
ers said the affiliation of Dr.
King's organisation with
I-Iighiender raised seriousquestions of restigs for theKing had Communist connec-
tions." Hr. -Hoover did not
lpeclfy the connections, but it
seems unlikely that he was
making it all up, and some
of Kings Communist connec-
tions can be s ifled fromJhe public rscornl.
conference. iehey contended Hi; Aaocjuh "
that because of the delicacy of
the racial problem and High-
landers controversial status.
it would be difficult now for
Southern whites of liberal or.
moderate persuasion to deal;with the conference. The I-6'
curacy of l.hls- estimate of
Southern Whites of liberal or
moderate persuasion mav bequestioned but tncre is no
question that Dr. Kink! 155°¢|,u.,n with Highlander nss|not been a hrief or trivial sf-,
air.
The school at lfonteazil
wssiciosed down shortly after
the above dispatch appeared.
but activity continued from
an address in Knoxville called
"Highlander Center." An ap-
peal for financial supportsigned hy Kyles Horton underdate of May 15. 1963 nreeilll
'"-ticaliy of "the Highland?!lllfa like I. Phoenix rlsinifrom the ashes." and claim!as pert of the Hiblldlf Fm i
the South by Dr. Martin Lu-p
ther King's Southern Chris-.
'11 Leadership conference.' t i ll rl his or-:::zz.:.ll':rl:" Eflie ieztterhead
Martin Luther Kin! Jr. es
_IOII- l
|-|i¢|1|;|-ldsr association ml!
be to Dr. King remains s met-
tgr pf opinion, but whet Ill ac-,
_ cords with the lllntlY ""399
of him is that he himself
should undertake to contract}
to one hour en association
*|-|l;|| 3|; t. ritfd ll lllfildHis personal and profes-
sional associations have in-
cluded Bayard.-Rustin. Hung;
Pitts O_i3!eli, alias Js.ck____H.
O"De_li. and C}!-_1_ B:_-=i¢.ien-all
iiiportant figures Tn the Corn-
rnunist movement In this coun-
try._ More famous Communist
associates of King are Ahmed
Bc Bell-i. the {owner d-'¬fator'
tlf-Algeria. and Kwame Nitrit-
rnah. the "Ssvio1l'l""bf'C-hs.ns.
When Nitrumah was installed
at the helm in Accra. Kin:
was there on the platform
withhls friend. When Ben
Bella came to the United
States in October 1962, he sew
John Kennedy in the White
House and Martin. Luther
King in the Barclay hotel in
New York. To show the peck-
ing order, perhaps, Kim:
ehsjlzed the time of his ail?
polntrment with Ben Belle. and
the latter accepted the chsnB=-
My source is the Harlem edi-
tion of the Pittsburgh Courier.
On points, King seems ir-
ther ahead o! Ben Bells today
than ever.
King makes no secret of his
the world in ti-|s_ so-cs|'ed_ wars of nstuonsl liberation.
tlon" in the United Qlslss ms!
be eisssed. it is so elsnoci by
thi Communists. ?h:t as why
they support it. It is so classed
lsy we citizens Council. That
is why we oppose it.
Besides _l'll5 associations»-
smi -u-me with Rustin an-1
O'Dell could well he the sub-
ject of a separate a.rticle--
King-hgs put into the file" n
record or signing Oornmun-st|Unlted Nations, and Allen and -
admiration for leaders rotl'£i[N° My don, M M , . , .:1 .
of is petition so srq'*,;n;|-E-+-Bobeii. convicted along en 4
the Rosenbergs of wartime 1."P1011889. whose caseI Communist cause conch,-¢_'-.
Another petition signed pv-King "894 I Plfdon for Jun-'}ill! caiel, the North Caroiiss .;
'S.§.'Ii'£. '.ifL'£ ;'lh?iI.:tl,.':.-i'er.r.5-.:tl:;-:':
was rrled 1 th A F1961 gsue o1'n"Ne:v .ll§l:'I'l¢:,:!: .a Boclallet publication. . _ .'
Foreign Polity ,Ii ¬°1'!IilPP0I"t of the Com!mun s n 1 1the UPI r§p§'§t=§'°ss oZ'£li§§§;
10. 1901 um King had urgedIllllnission of Red Chins to the Q
Scott reported in I Deco -her 1m um xmlfslls wirrgs
President Johiuo; 19 gsmgg
n halt to aid to Congolese Prs- -
n1ler_l[oise Tshombe. King-sent this forceful esssgs,"
said the columnists, "after the
President authorised the use..1-of U28. planes to drop Bel;-up 1
Pl-I'lll"°°P¢1'F n Btlnllfvilie fto rescue hundreds of white.
hostages is rebel hands. The;-s_~
have been lfew clearer choices 2
between Communists and ant!-
Communlsts than that be-4
tween the Btenleyville "rebels" -ind Tshombe. King-chose the
92.-iiiiiiis. 1
1 IPPPQCI-Ito this space in
THE . I am l.s--
suming as I write that I shall!
get it.! I have not used much :
of it to_ defend the Cltenlf
Council. Actually, I thought Iyour attack on us lacked lus-
ter. You raised a little doubt-_i
as to whether I real] have a 1Ph.D. from Y ! lo, but I;
don't see that it matters very L
much, V .-
Whet rnatte_rs more is that!you nsgiecteo the substanceof Dr. Henry Garrett's impor-
;lIl'll remarks en The Reality..-
ef Recs." You know, the race -.controversy in this comm-'1 at 5present could pretty svel be .
summed up by the questions.i
Do Nsoross exist! and, Should ;
they! Ashley Montague ssys..l{
I
rslliy: it's all in your mind.Wm, which the "Negro rsvoiu-it-yiion Johnson says, They rlolexist. but they ought net ts.;i
The Citizens Council says they -
do exist, end they ought to,
continue to exist. Or. Garret-
-supoortsd the first of these:Ipropssitions with weight of.
-scientific evldsnee; whelsf
American trldition lllpports
the second with respect fer
humsn diversity.
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Zwhom we oak to.tii'ii'q;-**=-'1-=genern1 era o _ ~
ininletrative reticence which
._we share with the NAACP and
with Dr. King: own SCDC. Be-
,!ore me ee I write in I. copy
of e plea on Martin Luther
.King'| personal letterhead 201'
his deer friends to lend checks
{payable to the SCIJC. For their
convenience e bueineee-reply
Ienveiope wee enclosed, and on
ithe revere: side under the ap
there was space for {our
names and eddreaeee, with this
heading: I suggest that you
send your appeal to the ol-
lowlng persona without men-
tioning my name." Some of
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univereai, ere:-1'1, they?-7.-e._ ._i _,
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Domenic Intelligence Division ' "5;
_ INFORMATIVE MOT: '
Du... .10-18-6? <
e Attached reports information recei
ed from State Commission on Human _
, Rights, Nashville, Tennessee, to effect
W that swastika stickers had been placed.
on windows of Highlander Research and
Education Center, Knoxville, Tennessee,
and that other acts oi vandalism occnrrV-.
1 .
i ed
The Highlander Research and Educa-
tion Center is a very controversial
school because oi its inter-racial
character. It is not under investigation
and Knoxville was previously instructed
not to make any investigation of school
or individuals connected with it,
92 .
Since local authorities are con-
ducting investigation and are aware oi
complaints from Human Rights Commission '
and in absence of indication of Federal
violation, no investigation being ordered
by the Bureau.
Information in attached will be
furnished to the Civil Rights Division.- - - T - , -. 0 .. _-.. -."- , --1/.. 4.".92"92 . ~v. _----4'. -.,~.-.-'~'.--»- .:---....'--" I1:-'1'.-~' --'.:.- -. -- ". .- ,1 - - :. » ' . ~'-'I::-'-~.".~_ . .__-_,_:,,_ ,_ .,..- I , -R, .. v, .., .._~ .92 92 _.- - _ ,.. .,~ . _. .. .. .1 .. . . . . . . ... _ .. .s 1 . 1 '.~~.,--' - -'--'-92 : '--"- J .' ~. .--' N-v 1 '~.- i-'. '.- -.. - .-; .""= - '-_ '-: ¢ .- ' .- - . --..' -1 - cu*§--=.¢:v~:@-'::-=i1a-=- - '~'.--"-;'I.'-'5"!§- -»:,;,a-.-1 -,,: ==-.,i'-'-_-'.=-2:;-*-- -*5 . - » - 1 -. ..-.. - -- - .. -;g-L'J-,-|- _ . .. '-92r - ' ' " "-11" "*5-.~."q.".-:1-.'; ;_'r'»' *1"92";~- _/1 -, ;'- . .1! j92>.,'E--'-'¢- ' v£.1-,, ,_*'-'..' .-4-'~92*" -¢_§1;c.;" < n ,92.-!;':.-r.-':F,_§¢ .'~--"=. _ .. , .. . . _ .. . . _ . w ;:_...- 1--,_,- -~~ -. F, '--".1, '." 5 o-h- m» _.&-:;.i§£, in; '-'--'-'-'-I-~*1"r--. -I r 2 -' -! J 1--__,..__.._<92#_,~'..J-,-__--r,-,_-.4 _ ._ ._e ., -N _. .--r-gt -.ar.uL-:¢..n1:§_s...,¢l-u-..£-:51 mLm@z|.-,-~- . '.1;.;_ '1'~--..'.--.'-.-- "2' ',-¢~:- "r_~ '-- '
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coucsnnmc _ mi-Ly
advised the Bureau by memorandum reflecting interviews with
various witnesses, including LOUIS BUDENZ. The Bureau .
furnished copies of this memorandum to the New _York Office
Benevolent TrustTO: S nnmcron, rs: l 6; /*1
inseam: sac. xuoxvnm 1-12! Ana l. _92y*'FRf92""P"-i|.1Ti92i1;'3_f-**"' 1-3 f.
Re Knoxville teletype 10/l8/65, _ _
Enclosed herewith are the driginal and seven COp
In 141-1-J----9292a92QnI cnnauuunax-|qnw92pI92quu92 9292Aaun|:un4-no 9292IueQ Jen-I92J-Ian :-92 I14-nu;-:492a| J _Q J-=92-H=Lll3§»92l ll-l=lll92JLC|llLl92J»lu IJGQLJ-ll, G-JJUVG EQPHLUIIQ QUE GB V
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FD-37-§ [3-s-res: . 92 .
Unréf-:0 snrrss DEPARTMENT OF JtlcnJ. S
"~92 FEDERAL BUREAU or INVESTIGATION
In Rtpmphn M N WASHINGTON, n.c. 2053s
"""~- October 19. 1955
Chief
United States Secret Service
Department of the Treasury
Washington, D. C. 20220
D I: .92':. -"'~earS1r LUv.L'U£h
The information furnished herewith concerns an individual who is believed to be
covered by the agreement between the FBI and Secret Service concerning Presidential pro-
tection, and to fall within the category or categories checked.
Has attempted or threatened bodily harm to any government official or employee,
including foreign government officials residing in or planning an imminent visit to the
U. S., because of his official status. '1-ij
2. ij Has attempted or threatened to redress a' grievance against any public official by other
than legal means.
Because of background is potentially dangerous; or has been identified as member or
participant in communist movement; or has been under active investigation as member
of other group or organization inimical to U. S.3.[:|
4. Q] U. S. citizens or residents who defect from the U. S. to countries in the Soviet or
Chinese Communist blocs and return.
Subversives, ultrarightists, racists and fascists who meet one or more of the following
criteria:5; 53
a! [:1 Evidence of emotional instability including unstable residence and
employment record! or irrational or suicidal behavior:
bl |:| Expressions of strong or violent anti-U. S. sentiment; S
! {£1 Prior acts including arrests or convictions! or conduct or statements
indicating a propensity for violence and antipathy toward good order
and government:
6. [:1 Individuals involved in illegal bombing or illegal bomb-making.
Photograph [:1 has been furnished C] enclosed C] is not available
{:1 may be available through _ _
Very truly yours. _
--L- * £3. , a"u-e-v-'-"-
4-750 {Z-7-T9!
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FEDERALBUREAUUFlNVE¬HGATWN
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Page s! Withheld entirely at this location in the file. Um or more of the following statements, where
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*7Information pertained only to a third party with no re-l'or0:ic-0 to you or the subject of your request.
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HIGHLANDER RESEARCH AND
EDUCATION QEQTER 7
l
1
KX T2 advised that LOUIS BUDENZ.admitted former editor
of the "Daily Worker", an East Coast Communist newspaper, and
former official of the Comunist Party. advised on November 21,
1952, that the Highlander Folk School was proCommunist. BUDEHZ
did not give further details regarding this school. '
of Ehe_Knoxville_§§HB-Sentinel-
Knoxville. Tennessee, contained
Folk School had announced plans
be located at 1625 RiversideThe October 8, 1961. issue
a local daily newspaper published at
an article reflecting the Highlander
for a similar school at Knoxville to
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HIGHLANDER RESEARCH AND
EDUCATION CENTER _
Drive. The article identified,MYLES HORTON as Director of
Highlander. ' .
|
_- _ Q an Ila! _l. _.__ _.E gI!'L_ -Ip_____l'I'l_ 921'_-__.I. -The December ll, L901, issue OI inc nngxviiie ews
Sentinel contained an article reflecting that on December 16,
1961, assets of Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tennessee,
were auctioned by the State of Tennessee under a court decree
after the school was convicted of violating three Tennessee
laws and failed in appeals to the State and United States Supreme
Courts.
The July B. 1962, issue of The Knoxville News-Sentinel,
contained an article reflecting the lend on which Highlander Folk
School was formerly located had been sold at public auction under
court decree. The article stated that MYLES HORTON, Director
of Highlander, during its entire existence. has moved to
Knoxville, Tennessee. and has been granted a State Charter for
an organization called Highlander Research and Educational
Center.
on 16. 1961.a<»..1=.of Secretary of State, State of Tennessee, Haehvelle. Tennessee.
made available records which reflect that a charter of
incorporation for the Highlander Research and Education Center.
Inc., was certified by the Secretary of State on August 28, 1961.
It is noted that a letterhead stationery of the
organization also carries the name as the Highlander Education
and Research Center.
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions
of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your
agency: it and its contents are not to be distributed outside
your agency.
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I-W---~ ""2:'.::%.::'1§"'2:z;"FihNo. "" '* fig ii
HIGHLANDER RESEARCH AND
EDUCATION CENTERTitle
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION
CONCERNINGCharacter
Letterhead memorandum. captioned
as above, dated October 19, 1965Reference
All sources except any listed below! whose identities
are concealed in referenced communication have furnished reliable
i information in the past.
~
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I.' FBI
5 D m; . I 11/5/55'Q i.; ~ T-
- CONF I NTIAL -._,V_ e
Transmit the following in r _ _ _ snipe in la at or coda,
Ii ~in AIR'lEL_ i _ vAIR_MAIL mum,M ?! 173,3 lIIIIr:suyw&L"" ~~-V " - 7 Priority! =.- m ::,_.4-]p1ED_ _
-------- -I-~-- "-"."""i"'-"."-'".-"-Qnii. B° T'*";T"_ _ . _ _
I TO : D RECTOR FBI ,'" "
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g_§§mND _mn * I_, Zn M.1-:nucA';;9u_c_g:_uTsa I _ $1 ~ "I I
I nxscermneous INFORMATION' *5
conczanume
?*?
Intelligence authorities. " "92- -
.- . _. .*=*mQ C ' Sources used to describe Highlander Research
p ~Bducation Center are: B ¢_sx.1. 9292 tv I I5;! 3.4; 1--1
is various witnesses, including LOUIS BUDENZ.I .___ WW -7; . , _"!92492_ I.» ,|.y,,._.l:! -,. ...- s_ ; . H '_ L :98, = sac, KNOXVILLE 1-12!'*~"°",__;;.:92 »-.1+v*".F' - _
». s /#1-~é~I ;-fi» zmszza/¢¢z :.fPz/:»n=/s/ 5,;/2%. _
Re Knoxville airtel to Bureau 10/19/65.
Enclosed herewith are the original and seven
of a letterhead memorandum bearing above caption. Copies
have been disseminated locally to Secret Service and Army
i
I T2 is the House of Representatives Select Comitteeto Investigate Funds and Other Organizations, which committeeadvised the Bureau by memorandum rdiecting interviews with
The Bureau -
* furnished copies of this memorandum to the New York Office by
. 92~ letter dated 2/24/53 entitled
I Philanthropic and Eleemosynary
Progress of Subversive Groups:IS _ cue
X10.
4L
9292
" - BBNVFTHU: __ _ _ pH6%! Bu? _ ' "
Knoxvill _ ' _ ;- . 1 | A _ 1AGENCY: ACSI. om. 081 /1 »i mar-r=1sn. K}? , % X 5! H -' " I
i I - ._|- ,§a-- __.;,, _-,-A '1 _ / 1&5, "ax =r n}-.;.liI.-§'-.-=2 -- .we em» s ....§ Le. a '*"
.92 K s __ _ _ s - B r ""Use of Benevolent Trust Funds,
Instructions to Implement the
i1:----1.
9 N0 B1965
$3 ./ MPr 6Q Approved: es ' 59!!_. _ v T. é¬1§&92gent in Chc:rqeCONF|D
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' 3:I 1|FD37'6 Q ';»s5i ' . "f. .~1 k- ' I7'?..'3@'*.. u1v1' .-i! sures DEPARTMENT or JICE ' FEDERAL BUREAU or luvasricivrioiv
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WLSHINGTON, D-G 20535
1-R l,PhnaeFm hi: Mm November 5, 1965
Chief
United States Secret Service
Department of the Treasury
Washington, D. C. 20220
Dear Sir:
The information furnished herewith concerns an individual who is believed to be
covered by the agreement between the FBI and Secret Service concerning Presidential pro-
tection, and to fall within the category or categories checked. "
1. [:1 Has attempted or threatened bodily harm to any government official or employee,
including foreign government officials residing in or planning an imminent visit to the
U. S.. because of his official status.
2. [:1 Has attempted or threatened to redress a grievance against any public official by other
than legal means.
3. [1 Because of background is potentially dangerous; or has been identified as member or
participant in communist movement; or has been under active investigation as member
of other group or organization inimical to U. S.
4. C1 U. S. citizens or residents who defect from the U. S. to countries in the Soviet or
Chinese Communist blocs and return.
5. Suhversives, ultrarightists, racists and fascists who meet one or more of the following
criteria:
a! [:1 Evidence of emotional instability including unstable residence and
employment record! or irrational or suicidal behavior:
bl [:1 Expressions of strong or violent anti-U. S. sentiment;
cl K] Prior acts including arrests or convictions! or conduct or statements
indicating a propensity for violence and antipathy toward good order
and government.
6. [:1 Individuals involved in illegal bombing or illegal bomb-making.
Photograph {:| has been furnished [:1 enclosed [:1 is not available
Fj may be available through _ . ___ _ "f _ __
Very truly yours,
l92 92 I Q _ -- L
I t"§'92l""_
John Edg oover
Direct
1 - Special Agent in Charge Enclosure s!-2!
U- 5- Secret Service, Nashville, Tennessee
i...n:iosure s! Upon removal of classified enclosures, if any, this transmittal form
becomes UNCLASSIFIED.!
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xxxxxx
xxxxxx
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET
Pagelsl withheld entirely at this location in the file. Ono or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
7 ' '_Deleted under exernption s! ,7material available for release to you. jwith no segregable
Iiillirrnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject 01" your request.
Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Dr-ieumentlsl originating with the following govemnient aizencyliesi » __,_ , e, _
___ , , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you.
ia_igi= s! referred for consultation to the following gox-ernmeiit ageneylies!; ___________ii
_ _____ _____ __ as the information originated with them. You will
no i92i92'l:i92'Li oi availability upon return of the material tn the FBI.
agzi-l>i 9292ltl1iI¬ld for the following reasonisi:
P i = wiur information: ____ _____"_,__ V ___________ _ _ WW
I1
M Tin, following number is to be used for ref'ore|i 'e egarcling these pages:/_ I _._ I _,._ J. ! '1 .2 ./1e__;iiz__,@u. J _ u__
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
3% DELETED PAGE S! §
X NO DUPLICATION FEE X
X FOR THIS PAGE X
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
FBI/DOJ
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HP? III IWi'I$9-I331 Il#'I"92-I-1111 will saute» nu-I-new-quiur" " I 112;-I_5Z~ '-' '1' '-6} ~.. ;.,_,_._.,:_-__ L -, ,. * - , ._ 2. _ , 2, _ _ _I _ ._,__,2_,__:;:,t?_'_,._,-;:-,,V__-.5-V-__;__ _,_ _i.,.,V_. V ,. .7 _ ,7 _ »- _ _ -V 1 _.h_ 1/,_-_- ,_ ,_.___ .'_-|»_.. _._ ,92 ' * ' '.- '- r * "--.1, . . .."_-'--' 1-u--, .~' ' -' ~,-..- "'7'-5 1: 1..<-.-»' - . -| ., _, '_ -._- - ~- ~- - 92.- - ' - '. ,.,_ -~.-*-'-- ~. -1 ,¢<_: _- -_,,-.r-tr. _- :_ -_-> __. -V ..~ 4»; -..,-- .. ~-_. -H, 4, I - 92' 1-, ;-- -.x__1 ._'."_'.-','.'-'-"-; .~. '._-,;__92-» ~ . *,.-_'.1-'. -, |,' --. - , ., - , - _ . _ .. -i-_ ,. .' ,. '1-,_-_.-92 .,, ,._ ,.-. _ ._
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