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Letter to Director, FBI
NY 105-6252 _
For the information of the Newark division, the
above report was disseminated to the NYO by letter dated
12/lh/53. It is noted this report rsflects 10 copies were
furnished to the Bureau and an additional 22 copies were
retained by the Newark division. Inasmuch as the NYO
has no_way of determining-the extent of any additional
dissemination of the report, it is requested the Newark
division advise all interested offices and agencies, if
any, who might have received oopiss of this report, to
make appropriate ohanges on all copies in their possession.*1
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OFFICE MEMORANDUM - U. s. GOVERNMENT '
aistcwcn, FBI 1-1099! DATE: 6/B/55 TO @~ 2
it"son O SAC, NEWARK [100-32966!
susaacw ALBERT{EINSTEINIS-R J9 Q C, .
J. r rl Re Newa letter to Albuquer ue dated 12/lb/53: Z ""1r'<-wort of 5A ated 6%/53 at NB-It-1I'1{} and Iiew
fYork letter to t1e rector dated 5/27/55, entitled "ALBERTSETNSTEIN, Is-R." -
T ~ H a a e ~ Q 7 DReferenced hen York letter requested, ,_4 rsntian
eh G b 1» of the Bureau, that all information furnit e y i
'11 letters an reports be attributed to him by name and that he
ee characterized as follows: "An alleged Comintern representative
whose credibility is not known since he has in the past furnishe
»oth reliable and unreliable information.H
f Ew'Z ak>7,[>In view of the above, page 9?. Paragraplsl ans?
3 of referenced report ah uld be cienged accordingly. Infermaiionn page 135 Dertaininé tohrrhould be deleteri-
If any offices receiving this letter have cisseminateé
the above-mentioned information to any other offices or agencies,
it is requested that the necessary corrective action be taken and
tbhe Bureau advised-u
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Cc: 1~A1buquerque Registered Mai V.f-~- *TP[HC1-Baltimore 0?-83A! " " i! "D1-Boston 00-213u2! " y i J__,_f}uL~ 11Chicago OS1hO3! ';/Ll -546 Kt L 5'*U ' '
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' 'Mr. J. Edgar Hoover, @m__m_u___twDirector, - i
Federal Bureau of Invostipntion,
Washinaton, D. C.
Dear Mr. Hoover:
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euspcri ALBE.R1'£'.lIV$'.1I'lI 1-... , £ ,4;mmm sn';'vsé:rr!- sznfy T in .'1'/ """2' fw Pith 1- ~r/J .Albert Einstein, inter-no ionallgf o s|aths-
natician and discoverer and exponent of _t theory of f
relativity, horn 3-14-79 in Germany. Director of Theoretical
Physics, Kaiser Iilheln Institute and Professor, Prussian
Academy of Sciences, both Germany, until 1933. Entered -
U. S. 1935' and naturalized 1940; held life professorship, ,-
Institute for Advanced Studies, Princeton, New Jerse ; andlived with housekeeper and secretary, Helen Duhas, ago
-- accompanied his to U. S. in 1935.qi.-.
qua I I - Investigation of Einstein instituted 1950 based- upon information that he was affiliated with over 36 *
1 Communist-front organizations. lnvestigation reflected
' he sponlsored entry into U. S. of numerous individuals with
pro-Communist backgrounds. G-2 informed in l950 as follows:
! From 1929 to I933 his Berlin, Germany, office ms used
as cable address by Soviets; ! sessa es were handled by _his senior secretary of 2 secretaries? and ! he had '
_Q staff of typists and secretaries in Berlin. G-2's informa-
-. tion cane from unidentified source. ttensive investigation
- " in U. S. reflected Einstein affiliated or his na.-as s.i.'ter.a-ivsly
associated with literally hundreds of pro-Gomnunist groups.
llo evidence of GP membership developed. Extensive investi- G
gation in Germany conducted by G-2 at our request with o
negative results. Investigation reflected Helen Dukas was '
his secretary during pertinent period, I929-33. Ie inter-
viewed her on 2-23-5'5. She ms cooperative and stated
'~ Iinstein never had any other secretaries since 1929, and
QQ he never maintained an office staff or even an office in
Gernany but aoorhed from his hone. .!!u.lsas questioned Aidentities of individuals who, according to c-2, allegedly
had knowledge of use of .B'instein'_s office as nail drop. -
These individuals are all now deceased or are in East -. -~
Germany or Soviet Union. liukas stated that she had no -knowledge of any of the individuals and/I ~hnow edge thatany of then ever contacted EiMtei /Iii.1 P n _ g r JR 92..
U V J 9261-ZCTI JUL 28 |& _ _ .AR.T:ss 6'6: Allelnont .._ W" ?¥?;;'_l92_Y~§'._;'*"" _. j?%.;.5?- '1' 4! /M Ilranigan EDI ' X]
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0: 4-18-55' .l!'instein died. At that tine all
e <5-.5: logical investigation had been conducted. All references ff
e9 him in Bujiles have been reviewed. This file revicr
is in accordance with existing Bureau policy where there
is allegation of espionage. Pile references were last o '~ '
reviewed on February 25', 1952, and it was determined that
all pertinent information concerning linstein appeared in
hie eaain file at that tine. .'i'?:ere are ever 206' refereneee
eince February 25, l9j'2, and all of then have been reviewed
and it has been determined all pertinent information con-
cerning Einstein appears in his nain file. Dissemination
has been nade to all interested Government agencies. A
separate investigation has been conducted and a separate
memo has been prepared on Helen Dukas. '
¢
Ulose case.
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' OCT 4195::
MAILED 31
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every intellectual called before I-.
Congressional investigating com-
mittee should refuse to testify, and
"must be prepared for Jail and
economic ruin, in short. for the
sicrificeof his peaonal welfare in
the interest of the cultural welfare
of his country." ' '
He declared that "it is sharneful
for a blameless citizen to submit
to such an lnquiaition," and that
this ltind of inquisition violates
the spirit of the Constitution."
. The world's foremost physicist
_ms.de his views known in an ex-
change of correspondence with a
New York teacher of English who
is facing dismissal from the school
system because of his refusal to
testify before the Senate Internal
Security subcommittee. The teach-
Wllllam Frauengla. of JamesHlgli School. made public - __.__..__
Dr. Iliteirfs letter, which bore: Oolliihmed es Pele I,
'_ j m I 1I". Ill fl ' _ ______ n-s--.,- -_ -_____, _ -_.f V -
Congressional committee.
three years, wrote to Dr, EinsteinT883
not be
Reached by telephone at his:Lome in Princeton, IN. J., Dr. Ein-:
stein confirmed the letter. Whihl
was read to hin.. He aald, in re-"E
sponse to a question, that he wouldi
In I ts-jtifv if called before ll
Mr. Frauenglass, a high school
teacher for more than twenty-
on May I and referred to s state-
ment the scientist as made re-
cently in which he described bim-
self as "an incorrigible noncon-
formist in s. "remote field of en-
deavor" that no Senatorial corn-
mittee had I-s yet felt impelled to
tar.-tie. 92 i
The Brooklyn teacher then re-
lated that on April 24 he had been
called before the Senate su Ill-
ttee as a result of lect he; ' ' ' ' ' '" '_ - -.
Elllsum §0ml[ll§]lLS'
U llibll "REF
! "CotinuedFromPsge1
in-service course for teachers an-
ranged by the Board of Education.
-'1'I'he course, on ".lechnl|jues of In-'
rterclilturl Teaching, was criti-
cized by a committee witness as
being against the interests of the
United States." . .
"on principled constitutional
grounds I refused to answer ques-
tions_as to political affiliations,"
Shir. Frauenglass wrote, notingthat he nqw faced dismissal under
igection Q03 of the City Charter.
I This section racates the positions
lot city employee who refuse toI answer official questions by plead-
,;-Img the protection of the Fifth
!iAIQll.Il!lEI1t to the Constitution.
§| A statement from you." the
ipteachefs letter said, would beZ? most helpful in rallying educators
and the public to meet this new.__..s . .-. l... ,. . H.» .A-----1--~- 92-!~-i_.%-_- -- - ~~ -* 7 *
gs this gre.
successful. If
tellectuale of
. nothing batten which is lnten1 violates thel tutlon. I _
If enoughMr. _
Mr. I.-ndd__.___
Mr. Nichols__...__
111- Be]-mont___.
Hr. Clc§'.3___.
Mr. G1avin____....
I-Ir. He.rbon._._._-
". itosen_.....___
_ . Tr:'.cy._._----
. ri>I'$Y---
1 . '.92§ol*_1....__._
Mr. Vfintcrrowd.
' Tells Room_._.__
Mr. Hollonian_..-
Hr. Bi1»oo._.-_-
Miss Good?--
l_s1__,_____._.._--
_____,______n I Inn- ,-1 Iw mass.considered colrst seennd ""
Mr. Frauenglass said yesterday
that Dr. Einstein also mentioned
in the letter that intellectuals'
should not seek me.pro%tion of
the Fifth Ainendment in refusing
to testify. However, the teacher.
said that Dr. Einstein agreed tohis request to delete tun mu-I
mint. and sent him another oopyi
without such mention. -
T119 1188611811 added that on Mon-
? mmiine he has traveled to
Princeton, and although he did not1'"-"¢ "1 9-PP0l1'l1im¢-lit, was permit-ted in see Dr. Einstein. He said
i;.%?. ;. m*1§: °§i. " ° }",i,';" u caid E; quoted nl-.psin_-t¢_»'i_'__-'-92-e"_.,._},;E ihewaspreparedte sollllifheahoulsbsesusshqym
"1 111-'9-511181!-i-rig oommittee. A
p Scientist lkpll-in.s92_7le'ws_ j mi
1-led given six years earlier an
CIDER?
ii, was as follows
Dear Mr Frnuenglass
Thank you for your communiq-
tion By remote field ' I referred
to the theoretical foundations of
physicsQ Dr. Einstein: reply, May
I - ' ' -ilobscurantist attack." _ - ,
Liv
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llylhelnodohdh in-e b
NEW YORK. June 12.--The_ Nealrrk Times saw today Dr.Al Einsag wrote to s Newl teacher that
"every intellectual" called before
a congressional investigating
committee should refuse .to_testlfy. » e .
-'1"he newspaper says the itin-
lteln letter was made public _by
William Frauenglass, who now
faces dismissal from his teaching
"lob because he refused to testify
before the ~ Senate Internal
_ Security subcommitten5 The Times said that Dr. Ein-I
I stein, reached at his Princeton
' N.,J.92 home by telephone, con-rmed he had wi-men the letter
and told the newspaper that he,
himself, would refuse to testify
if called before s congressional
committee. _92
1
_.
..."P|-epare for Ruin. ;
The world's foremost physicist"
wroteinpartz
E92¥e1'! intellectual irhb ll
called before one of the com-Q
mittees ought to refuse to testify
i.e.. he must be prepared for Jail
and economic ruin. in short. for
the sacrice of his personal wel-
fare in the interest of the ou1-'-
h tural welfare of his country. L= Dr. Einstein added: ' I
1 "This refusal to testify must
"be based on the assertion that
it is shameful for s blameless
citizen to submit to such an "in-
qulsition and that this kind of
inquisltlon violates the Ipirit of
the Constitution. '
= . "If enough people are ready
to take this grave step they will
be successful. It not, then the
intellectuals of this n0ulq_try de-
serve nothing better, than the
slavery whieh_"ls jntendevi forthem. . 'jf'.' *
Advocates G_l1lIldl Heth6_1l,*_.
Dr. Enstein sold he could Bee
only one course for tntellectulls.
the revolutionary may of non-eo-operatiozr in the cape of?
-Ghana-1|! . v. ~_f,.- 3; __ I
- script saying the oommunlngtlon need not be eonsiderekgo
'denti1l." " - ;»;-;_|;;
i Mr. Frauenglase *1Iteln letter was n bnej
"for a statement m
- ralliinl educators and thepuhl1e;
'.tomeetthisnewobseur:m:|;i,1gtn't-1he wrote to the scientist-iskinl
-. ,92 5% s _' i.. . -._.1 The letter ended with 'i.'__pos't-RF-
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lliss Goody _
. 11
92!-.0-1*",
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H01 RECORDED
95? JUL 7 1953
Times-Herald _____
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czxxsrzzma {D 92929292NEH YORK--SCIENTIST .LBERT EI= ? w HAS uacxn wxrwtssss CALLED_BEFORE CONGRESSIONAL 'zEUI3TTTFk" SS REFUSE T0 TESTIFY EVEN IF THEY
FACE JAIL ran THEIR SILENCE.
IN A LETTER DATED HAY 16TH AND MADE PUBLIC TONIGHT, THE FANED
PRINCETON, N,J,, PHYSICIST ACCUSED REACTIONARY POLITICIANS OF
"PROCEEDING TO SUPPRESS THE FREEDOM OF REACHING AND TO DEPRIVE OF
THEIR POSITIONS ALL THOSE WHO DO NOT PROVE SUEHISSIVE.--T
EINSTEIN ADDRESSED HIS FEELING TO WILLIAM FRAUENGLASS, A
NEW YORK PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHER WHO REFUSED TO TESTIFY BEFORE THE
SENATE IFTERNAL SECURITY SUBCOHHITTEE, FRAUENGLASS, WHO FACES
SUSPENSION FOR HIS SILENCE, RELEASED THE LETTER-
THE SCIENTIST, WHOSE DISCOVERIES LED TO DEVELOPMENT OF THE
ATOMIC BOMB, SAID IT IS SHAHEFUL FOR A BLAMELESS CITIZEN TO SUBHIT
TO SUCH AN INOUISITION AND...THIS---VIOLATES THE SPIRIT OF THE
CONSTITUTION." _
HE COUNSELED INTELLECTUALS TO PRACTICE 'NOH-COOPERATION IN THE
NANNER OF THE LATE MOHANDAS GANDHI, INDIAN CHAMPION OF LIBERTY.
'EVERY INTELLECTUAL WHO IS CALLED BEFORE ONE OF THE
COMHITTEES OUGHT TO REFUSE TO TESTIFY, I.E., HE NUST BE PREPARED
FOR JAIL AND ECONOMIC RUIN, IN SHORT, FOR THE SACRIFICE OF HIS
PERSONAL WELFARE IN THE INTEREST OF THE CULTURAL HELFARE OF HIS
i"'nll92ITD'92J' I UT T-TTJf"92"l"'!I
IF ENOUGH PEOPLE ARE READY TO TAKE THIS GRAVE STEP THEY IJILL
BL SUCCESSFUL. IF NOT, THEN THE INTELLECTUALS OF THE COUNTRY
DESERVE NOTHING BETTER THAN THE SLAVERY IIJHICH IS INTENDED FOR THE-'.."
5/11--N1136P
ADD EINSTEIN, NEH YORK
FRAUENGLASS SAID HE REFUSED TO ANSWER QUESTIONS ABOUT HIS
POLITICAL AFFILIATIONS. UNDER THE CITY CHARTER HE FACES DISHISSAL I
FOR TH.-".T REFUSAL-
HE SAID HE MADE PUBLIC EIHSTEIWS LETTER BECAUSE IT BORE THE
POSTSCRIPT "THIS LETTER NEED NOT BE CONSIDERED 'CONFIDENTIAL."'
6/11--N1148P -
_ 61 _ I9 lq w R11-.coRm1m1,_92921L 1,:-9 JUL 8 1953 /
- IASHINGTON CITY NEWS SERVICE
92
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I;.4.wL ".,:, :'j~}';.92 Ft.=92 ' Opened Atomic Fie
Iylht-ll0OelGlIdPraa| "
YORK, Dec. 21.?-Dr.Albeit.-llinstem. whose theory oi
relativity helped open up the whole
Ivast ileld or atomic research, has
tent toward an even more sensa-
onal theory. . .
He calls it "a aeneralized theory
i gravitation."
It is a mathematical description
I the mystery oi |:ravitythe,_.@-s--_--*- --- '
_| Ii it can he proved, it will he-
come a "universal law and._in
the view or other scientists. will
stand as the highest scientic
chlevement oi all time» H
It would explain every physical
otion in the universe, irom the
de oi an atom to the enormousi- i
- .7 ' w
» .92-':z._ P, -
__ - .- r Clagg____.__92 *41 92_ i *I, .!
t
d,_to Grovitj Mystery '-
It would crown with success the
liie work oi Dr. Einstein, who has
spent the last hail of his I0 years
looking for the answer to this ulti-
mate problem. known to science
ii the "'dn'i.fied eld the'1T."
It was revealed to the world here
yesterday. on 20 _ni1meog'raph_ed
pages-a mixture of iwpewi-itten
words and aquissly mathematical i
symbols that even scientists hes
itated to interpret. It was the Ens
llsh translation oi Dr. Einstein
linzmsi German; Q - ;_ l
mmon iorce that heeps our feet.
| n the oor and rules the move~
ents oi the atara ' ' !Dr. Einstein describes it as
extension oi his relativity theory.
and was quick to point out that he
has "not yet round a practical way
to confront the results of the the-
ory with experimental evidence"-_-_-i
orinsh0rt.to'proveit. I_'._ ".' .__
. When he published the "general
theory of relativity" in 1915, D1. '
lilinstein Illssested several aotu
ts that could be made to prov
idea;--and whiizl-_i actually di7 alaxief o.i' outer space. L
' ./
r' -.. N 11!? Ft"| 1
rove them in 1921. But this no
"sass, isapparenuy soabstrac
that he could not think oi a shr-
iiealtestiorit. - _
Dr. Einstein him!-Bl! was not
present at the public announce-
ment, which was made at the
Opetiinl of the annual meetinB 01'
the American Asociation for the
Advancement of Science. .
The Princeton University Pressj
resented the paper. It is Pub-.
mg it in February as an added.
apter In Di. Einstein: owni
k, The Meanihi oi Relay
?1,ivi"-31" -Br. Einstein is no-at aro-ifessor oi mathematics at the
iinatltute for Advanced Stud! a
ilérincetoii. a non-university_Er011P
for fundamental research.
Explains His Aime.
-'1 ahall try to present an it-
tempt at the solution oi this. wash. Newsproblem the unified eld theory!..]
which appears to me 11181117 00'!!-
-"'~.cin§: although due to mathe=5 £8.51-~ 5'95?
atieal dliculties I have not 'ye
und a way to confront th92 suits-of the theory with experi R'Y' Mirror
;_ entai evidenceft -<~ s +~ -1» ~= s»iIi
92
.
92
lime grexitation. an invisible tore"-
,rnatics that gravitation and inertiaSeveral times before. in-nsm-im's1wusm he '%E'pT.5,
"-'-er. than discarded his ideas
has faulty. But now his friends
It-hink_he has actually discoveredlit. the magazine Scientic Ameri-
can said in a parallel article.
.. "He ls said to have told close
associates that he regards it as
his treateat aehievementi. the
. masazine said. "He is reported toI have elven enthusiastic black-
board explanations oi his equa-tions." , - it . --
But prwi. if the theory can oe
, Proved. may take years. and any
' Practical use may take _years_
tonne;-; . 1 " . f
In earlier theories, Dr. Einstein
linked up space-and-time, matter-md-cnersr. and ersvitonon-and-i
inertia. as all parts oi a linsle.concept... - '-d But one ereat force was leaoutelecti'0mag:netism, This
what creates"electricity" and it
field that can act at a distance»:
The new theory now includesl
electromagnetism, and it and grav-
itation are now viewed as two
forms or one overall force. -
-In his aeneral theoryof 1015.Dr. Einstein showed by Inathe-1
were equivalent. This theory was
Proved when l astronomers were
table to detect the sun's cravity
.bend.in: light from a distant star.
gé In an earlier special theory oi
relativity In 1905, Dr. Einstein
had shown that space and time.
instead oi beins separate. were
both parts oi a space-time con-
tlnuuln."
As one result oi the 1905 theory,
Dr. Einstein wrote an equation
marine that matter could be con-
lverted into energy-a fantastic
ramount of enemy. _ =
- It seemed only a scientic cu-
I
rim!-9 until mm: matteri:ra-
um 235-was turned into energy x
years later over Hiroshima.
' No one knows what it will take
prove Dr. Einstein's new theory.1 I IOr ere - ._ _ . - - 1. how ion: or wh .
stress start. oi nisynaper. Ba ' i i ' lash. Post
ltinstein explains his aim: "' l Glavin,._¬...._a I . ' ' ' In I -I V -E any H -J H A - I O /{Einstein Presents New Theory. '? b
$71 All Motion in UHIVGISG i
1 Scientist E_xtends Relativity ldeos, Which f;'ff....mBoson
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'BIii§lElNElTOLLED
BY sou SGIENTISTS
.- -.
Applications of His Relativity
land Quantum Theories Told> .
in Symposium at Princeton
By 'lLLIAML._LAUBENCIJ" lpeelslto'tsr192'sI'Iess'rns:s. _
PRJ192TCEI0N', N. 1., March 1D.
More than 300 leaders in physics,
astronomy, mathematics and cos-mology paid here today to
Prof. Albert instetn whom
@a de-
scribed as one of the three universe
builders in man's recorded history.
The occasion was a symposium
on Einstein's contributions to con-
temporary science, held under the
auspices jet Princeton University
land the Institute for AdvancedStudy here, of which Dr. Einsteinthe most illustrious member. It
' arranged In celebration of Dr.-q:"lI'i'.Gl.1ll seventieth birthday an-, ersary on March 14.
1 As Dr. Einstein entered quietly
lthe gathering rose and applauded
for several minutes. He then tool:
histhseat sad listepldedatttintively as e spe ers nu e revo-iititionery roie -of his oonthutioni
- to the two basic approaches to the
physitcai vairlclli the relativity and,qus.n um eo es.
_ He shook his head when he was
1 asked it he wanted to make any,
1comme.nts and departed as quietly.iii he eime hi. After the riomingi
{session he paused for photographs,
with the symposium speakers.
: Topics and Speakers of Day
The subjects discussed st the
morning session were relativity in
"'e atomic domain by Dr. J. Reb-. e . _ .' gdvanced 8tudy;' theimp cations of relativity for mod-
xperimental physics by Prof.
- I. bi Nobel Prize winning
. ysi of Columbia University
- d inv=."£a::% in '-'-"steal theory
Prof. Eugene . fWigner of
. ' oeton ._
_ Subjects discussed at the after-
noon session were the present
state of lativlstlc ooamolo bE? I
Prof H. the Cali-
'.....i.- .i.--. '...-. of 'Ie"..t'.r.e!%; re-lativity eris planetary mo-
tious by or thelUni_ted tes Neva hsdrvatory.
_Washlngton, and the theory orP
~ stimulus to tn- "He doesrelativity ss a ma um the Ntical research h 'm,_Esr:ns.n "811-ig?-Z c! the !:92..e*..it'Jt@y--9! l_dve_nced_92ll1'°11!.1!- It i - U e eoutstanding physicists, _' ls. edat the beginning of m _
Dr. Oppenheimer expressed the
universal esteem which scientists;tl'ie world over have for Dr. Ein-
itein when he opened his remark:
by referring to Dr. Einstein as
."the greatest member at our]
brotherhood." _ __ _ - _
i . leiatlvity Atterltfesrs , §
Professor Rabi began by declar-
ing that relativity Le as vigoroin
today as it was forty-four years-
ago, when like sthena, it IP15!!!
from his Einstein's jovlan brow."
"This significant celebration of
Einstein's seventieth birthday," he
went on, "is hardly equalled in the
whole history of science, tor when
was there another man whose eon-
tribution was so great? When was
there a theme as noble and pro-
found as the theory of relativity?
"No other main before Einstein,
or since, has delved so deeply into
our most histtnctive concepts or
space. time and causality,-no one
has ' brought up so much new
knowledge and understand-l.Dg'} ,
Even the most modern experlr
mental methods are as yet incap-able of grappling with the sum,
and dehcate eiiecta predicted ,_}
Einstein's generhl relativity th 1
which unied the laws of me l
with the law of gravitation!.
"Greet as these effects may
in terms ot astronomical and cos-i
mological magnitudes, they have ss:
yet proved inaccessible to terres-
trial experiment _ i
Atomic Gain on 80th Birthday
"Yet, I venture to predict that
with -the advance of microwave
techniques, by the time Professor
Einstein's eightleth birthday rolls
around, experiments will exist
which will demonstrate the effect
of gravitational potential on the
rate oi! his favorite timepieesthe
atomic clock. -
"In 1905 Einstein created the
theory of relativity, and in the
same year he recreated the quan-
tum theoty which Max Planck had
suggesjgedpjive years earlier. Since
then these two theories have be-
come inseparably intertwined sl-though not yet welded into a uig."Without th'ese children of -
steins imagination, one na
.born, the Iother adopted, re
would be no modern experim
l1hl'll¢l-
It we gave relativity back to
Einstein, i Prof. Rabi concluded,
he would have to take along with
it a major portion oi""the most in-
teresting results of experimental
physics and practically all the.
remiss of the
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New York Times for
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" .* All its reverberatlna consequencesare minor compared with its es- '
_.= ploaive prooi that the olduniverse
i,L-e-_fcc 1 ... .........._......his Ladl -.........
ARY 16 1949" an HERALD TRIBUNE 'iVEEKLY~-BOOK_REVlEW .u.1_~r_u f_ in n s 3-if
_rI'PIt
92 .run UNIVERSE AND - ti» arm. i om unitr- 1N~.=rs=7DR_ E[N5TE|N_ Eind ii this doesn't make sense."-B 121 Remember, Einstein right. Read""- 1hOOk.l Itsiaea heal-pps. . . New Yori: William sgflwd 1mm_;§&'"E§35]"923,g5?i5;1'.Sloane Associates. . . _. 12.50. data. i_i.s_i"a'§If:.is'1s:s10.0_0_0_;biilionbll1lon'mi1es. ' K's'unbeam. setting ;D . .].. Reviewed by t - _'[lf;9:1-alfiofr_. 7 Gm?fu"D WENDT - no "106.000 miies.a__secondL_wouid de--""° "1. "0 '"'"*' " . m11WT.!ZTireai-_sosuii¢. riir'<=1e"nri<i
~INB'I'EIN, was risht. '
That is the cosmic mee-
-saae oi the atomic bomb.ii?" i**£..=+=_9:'='.;,sms..s_li=l~1=s1é:s.___..i9=i'*=19221"°"._.__==:wris1
years." J An - ._ Q
oralileo and Sir Isaac Newton iaoutmoded. that the world oi simple .
mechanics, oi invitational iorce'and'euper§i.el chemical reactions.or irnmutablespace and time. isonly a special ease oi a iar more
immense reality. and that commonsense "is nothing more than a de-"posit oi preiudlces iald down in the
mind prior to the age oi eighteen."
'0 athematicians and physicistsMwere convincediohgago. Outlay 29,
1019. an eclipse oi the sun showed
that light rays irom distant stars
anbebentbypassinsclosetotheuh. and. thus proved that the
old idea oi gravity was wrong and"Einstein rizht. In 1938 Dr. H. E."--' " ation, atoms may combine into mm has hardly been urRe92dm ma aw mm mm jam
nouah since the rst sunbeam
emerled ii-om the new-born" sun
tor such a beam to traverse more
than 1 per cent oi this grand coa-mie tour. The universe can hard-
ly be more thantwo billion yearsold. The evidence ior this is three-p
told. First. the galaxies are all.without exception, racina awgl;i!rom each other, the remoteet wi .
la speed oi 25.000 miles a aecond;_they act as ii they had all starteifrom a single compact cents.may be tnat: "some billions oi
years i'rgm_pgLal-1 the processes.oi nature will cease. All space will" _be at the same temperature. l_ . .
'rhere_will be no lisht. no liie. no'
warmth--nothina but perpetual
and irrevocable stagnation. Time"itself will come to ahead." On the .
other hand it may be that some--.
how. somewhere beyond man's--meazer ken. the universe may be.-rebuildinz ltseli. Matter may be.
in process oi iormation irom radi-=
processes may be loin: on at once.;or they may follow each other in i[0 vast'coeIn1c -pulses in a aelt-per-e
ipetuatine. lltllll-tllll universe. _No-.
body knows--yet. - -- --0.
" Meanillc Dr. Einstein himself-,
has toe many years been working
on an extension o!.hia analysis
which will include electromainetic»,iorces.;, alone with gravitation.matter and motion. under a smile-
-vasticoncent that he calls uni-
about two biliio years ago.end, the rate at hich most s
are transmutina atter into e
ergy implies t the avera|| age oi present visible stars is als| about two billion years. Third. th
rate at which uranium naturall
Ives, oi the Bell Telephone Lab-
oratories, proved that high-speedrmovina atoms do reduce the ire-
quency oi their characteristic radi-ations. Alain Einstein was right:high-speed clocks do slow downi lead and uranium in the earth,changes to lead, and the amoun
so indicate that the original
anium supply must have been
reated two billion years asp. Mr.arnett does not hesitate to writenod eld theory." It is "intoler-
able to the theoretical spirit." saidEinstein htmseli, that these two
separate structures or space -existindependently oi each other. But
littlecau be said oi it now.
cuThe Universe and Dr Einstein
sets a new standard in-ecienwritln: and is, I think. the firs!
American book that can be com-pared in maturity, clarity - am
grace. with the distinllllshed andinuential works oi Sir JamesNelwwsvisionp of Universe as Seen by Einsteinmdlo! Man Taken org Cosmic Grand Tour F ol lowing Revolutzo ar Th¬0Ti£S 0 Great Physicist
A photoaraph by Lotte Jafcobi irom "The Universe and Dr ninenalism. he was for all years a re is his first book All but a
92
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it _ Clinical Examinatione
=1 Are Not Quite Completed
, - I Dr. mean umem w1"unde1-
tgo en" eBHoE1'a.1 opé ion within
the nextidlw or so, it was an-
Neither the hospiml nor pinn-
icians connected with the"cue
would emmrm pres: ueocietionI 4
reports that the operation wl be
I ndinr [ell bladder condltiHospital Bulle{i_n. States:
nouneed yesterday in opbiallehn
r. -issued at Broo.:1,"n .!ee.*.a!-. Hee-
pltal, here the s1xty-n1ne-7ea.r-
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Dr. Morris Hinenburl. executive
director 01 the Hospital. slid: The¬ cllnieol examinations tor whlchj
.92}P1-oiessor Eia;92st»e1n entered Jewish,
oenital ere not qulbe ooxppleted. From present indications. he 1_rl.I.1
-undergo an nbdomlnel operoon
92 in the next day m'92|o." 1 11 1To this hpap1ta.l_ omciais would
only ldd thlt Dr. Elnstell-I Wu in
:@. $L1t..: ad re.-in:-.3 -.:..~'.~.1!e.-2-J
ably. They conrmed reports that,
- Lt he does underzo 811r8¬-17. the
,opern.t.ion-will be periormed I-W
Dr. Rudolph Niuen, or I55 Part
-Perk-Avenue. . ' "- -.
Dhcoverer of the llmed theory
01' relntlvlty theta bears his mme92
and winner of the 1022 obel Prliea
for physics. Dr. Einstein on-me top
country fteen years la on_ CiV0lllI!ti-I1 exile tram 31%|Tithe omciel bulletin. Issued bi
92
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The mange, ligand by ~|b
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nu hnmhqi Hhiamnd nun
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youlnIlr ln;thaBurdoIl4!u-
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lp.lns¢hlI."_ r! .
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A House labor llzlpoonlmlti-Be in-
Hzanf the Tnchen Union on
L 1 10*-llht to pro-re !nw_ Wal-
sh: penolul polihlcal beliefs.
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_Democratic spirit of the disnitr of the individual? ur . Ni eho
° "1 ""11 i-"P '*1*°" °" '11 "*5 "1 What has um aupra-national orlanlaationbeen Mr.
able to doto lessenaiave labor. to tree the rniliionlqr slaves In Siberia and Turkeatan? ' . , - lIr- Tree!
What has UR been able to do to maintain the Mr. E|an____itreaties written since the war! What did it I-I0 M G nuabount Hunsary or Czechoslovakia? " ' ' "i.iecig.LlncIEH'iri cs and_foreio e , L ed States, is opgase a-¬jé =iIinurnnP|'U-l"'TrTn.'92arn'|- HF 7 _
_=g_q§,_=.;=.zn1.ah1a'-- ' T " ' .
"The proposed mjiltgrlaatign of the napght -
onl""lrii'ine
LET us look at that paraeralih closely: _
1. "Proposed militarization." Who has pro-
posed that? Who wants it? We are faced byva
colossal enemy and we are forced to. defend
selves. Actually, this country wants peace. v -
- It has spent about 511.000.000.000 since_th'e'.
war to get a peace. But our enemy refuses uszone; yet the worthy professor calls ordinary'Whntisit now doing about Berlin? -*_ - ', ML 3.;-1,9
- ' Z ' ' Hr. HohrProrwormrm -==--- .._ - ' ' " "
a en " - - .
, _ 92 -' . r .' 'Aut'I1iH:¥'a our own reannarnent, through the
reaction of other nations to it, will brine about uh Quinn Tunm
thatvery situation on which its advocates seek = _
to base their Proposals."
~ That is like the Russian proposal eoncernine_ llr. Olegg________._i;__"_ 3_.A L ;d__ mi. lth, .5
' BQGEORCJE E: SOKOI-SKY -
Ii-oaen
Neale
From thit we most assume that Professor Eln-
ateln blames the United States for the present
warlike atmosphere in the world. He seems to
adopt the position that if the United St-ate! lily ,armed, Soviet Iualla would dlaarni. _ _ -'4_ _ _./ //Hr .' El as G-andy Q . 1, -
-
- " Korea. which is that if we withdrew ourD5 in nmoml mm Noumea mmu_u_ n and they withdrew their troops, there would Q:
2. Democratic spirit and dignity of the indi-
duai. Would the democratic spirit anrrive eon-
quest by Soviet Russia here In: more than it has
aurvived in Poland, Romania, Hungary, Olechr
liovakia? .
Does Prof. Einstein mean to say that if we are THE professor is politically naive, but he poa-
rot able to aid and even defend the western
-countries, the democratic spirit can survive inFrance or Italy or Great Britain? . - 1 ; W-;-"51; 1,1139]-y gonggrnlng matter and energy' - ' r_~ no troops in Korea. But their Ia? nothini of her-J
in: established a Communist army in Korea eon-
aistinz of Mongols. Manehurians, Koreans and
Chincse'an armythat is as much a part of the .
Soviet defense forces as anything movinl onto! ~
thekremlin. o. .e_'L_-. -i
aesses considerable inuence because there are _ . '
those who believe that a mind that can produce
~ " - ' - has full understanding on the politics of the -
professor is a refugee in this country from world.Ililazi oppression. The Umted States has hrs.»
vided him with a sanctuary where he can work
and smdy and think in freedom. =
Americans are pleased that this country can
offer him the opportunity for continued study. '-
' Yet. as one reads this statement, It is impos-
sible not 'io _wonder_]a-b_eiher the learned profes-
iL'n'3;'§3 Iii °r§I.'fiY;.5i£¢'.fii'.'ri.2;.I.I1.."i- 1;§';°. ."" - =.=l-Mr-1==I_ 1-= -arm iv I-= M-I -- _ p -_ - I
We want to remain" American--not one world-It is like assuming that because Torn Dewey is
' a competent public administrator. he is also.a
competent-scholar in the field oi astrophysics.
. Not many human beinss can be all things to
all _n1en or know all fields of human endeavor. -
At anyrate. when the professor would have this
country defenseless in pursuit oi a hypotheticalQua. nun-Ill an la alnlllab Ian 'ITIallJaI Rlninn IIIIIQ-ass wanna, us an Vuuau. nan. we--run we-nqa Q--no
enf.Ta"
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»PRA1SE BY EINSTEIN . 1
A FOR WALLACE _ClTED.
The National Wallace for Presl-
dent Committee azmounced yeater-;day £1-om its headquarters at 39
P k A
a 2, ong with the late
l Fr-a.nl-dm Delano Roosevelt and the .
_1ete Wendell L. Wllcie, tn -the
category of men "who ere above
=1e petty bickering 0! the _day1
ma without my eelleh mmm. |;Profea!or Einstein declared emu;-"much men were Roosevelt and
lwillkie and such 0. mm in HenryEwmeee." - . - e
' The professor: etatement. wastincluded in his comments on Mr.-
i_Wal1ncea new book, 'IowI.rd"World Peace, which will be pub-
mned on April 15. In mu note on
mu he ma, according to the Wel-
Pu.<=e committee: - - A
Thin bookia|.aclea.r,hone_|t'
and unaaeuming ea its author. It
=urea.rlitca.retul1ye.ndwi judice and with detachmen
u will have to agree wlth_ -1
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' -7'1 .Prof. llbert Einstein v1 .
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Item decllmde "41
"only men who are
above the petty hick-
ering of the day and
without any selfish
interest can 1 save us
from the threatening
domestic and'1nterna-
tional eituation. Such
men were Boouvelt
and 'Wil1kie, and auch
l a man h is Henry.-4
. - ' _'.,. "-~..... ,A The noted scientist,
who devoted 40 years
of his life to scientific
research which __forn1¢_
ed the basis for the
development of the1% atomic bom, hae become increasingly concerned that
tive purposes ~»- 1 P 'Einsteinilnsaternent on- Wallace included inhie comments n Wallace; new wu1Enrl; Pe_§_o5_ to be published April-_15. Of, a
r -forengn-policy, he declaredz, i=r__-.1; _ '
l _ This book in]; clear, honest and unassuming asatomic energy la-being _ueed for military and destruc-
~ ate author. It you read it carefully end without prejue _ _ * 'ce and with detachment, you will have to'ag'ree with
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F CHICAGQ, Jen. 39-_i-In e po1lte|92
but blunt open letter replylng to a"benevolent _e.tte.et" npon him byi
tour leading Bovlet eclentlstl tor
Khiefupport of '_fworld gojvexfninent,
jnr. Albert mmum tode,y- mu-e
intend on International control 0;!
I atomlc energy de';velqpn'1ent,. . '
3 I! the eugg-eltidue ot
teen Government with regard toIetoxnle weapon: were .not,eeoept-
éble. hey eeald at 1-.l_-t net-enserved ll e belle ot dhcnlllon tor
ha: lolutlonoi the problemed
hhrneonewuty,DI.j2nltelnWrote. 7 '1.-='.,.,-.'i....
"Itln,!ndeod,t!|ee.1h.u!eo!l-heizevlnf I1-l'IlI'I92II92|IIl. fii urn. Quid-w-v-u- 92--revenue-ensue: In-lu venue
Ly negative and portly diletory
which has xnnde it lo dltcult for
well-meanlng/peopie In thin coun-
try to nee their political tnfluenee
ll they would have wlnteql, I-nd to
opwaa the a-mam--5, f z Dr.
lneteindeclu-ed..:,e_-. ;
ue Soviet eelentieig but ueert»
thet American ctforte to llmitMD; Einstein Hit-s Sou A - -
F or OpbeIng_World oijelriinicnt _
,1 ' e n e'- . ;"Ipe:e1en'1-eezrseeeee-none. ,. -, - 1 -t
e. eeéilrlty
tloer were e.ctue1I,1e.n'el_!tort of;
upihlint _mo'nopo1lei" for the .
economle I-nd7po1it.ice.t_ ennhve-F
naent of foreign eountrlel.
Dr. E!-uttein replie_d"thnt"Iuch~e_1-grime»:-_2 imp:-e_u me 5 e.
o1"_mytho1o¢y;92t.hey ere not W
V|IlGi!I.[. '_ _ : " '.:
' T'*m° ¢3 e7 "1'...3¢_ .
PIP» 'Ie_-oaomeajm __ -
upon the non-loctelietlc t
oountriel, puctlllrly UM Um?
emu," pr.mmumwm'u,~Iee!
lieve that behind the aggressive?
t! tronttheneeen t
attitude which in no
tuenene toward en glmnlt -
'-Anpeoepe into iloletioniemireenot dlglcult to understand if me
1'QIJ1le_Whll'._RI.tl8h.h.l.ll euered
It the bend: on? lorelgnoountrlee
during the lat ame ilecedee, D1-.1
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2355 _,
92 l3.
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- which its people defended in civil _war battles "against a bloc ,., ..
-..;....A.§sa'ALlbil l.4>L, A-n92.dAa]lA92-»bllA a.e92-|92_|
tion Russia. achieved independen
_ perlelist states" and, in the sec-A I
cl World War. against "Germ92;_~_I; aeclet invaders," they argued. . _"Now the advocate: out a world'§'3;.,f mw r@ ' perste.te' invite Ill to surrende gj;_'; _tu.is independence voluntarily in. ithe name oi e. certain world govji ,ernment,' which, with a hig- 5;-_ g-sounding trademark, conci; ~15 nvorld domination of capi
_ monopolies," they declared. ' l Idea oi mm Aaaesnbly an . I ss- __ _ p American diplomacy, theyQ '23::-=" serted. .s engaged in an ell
, - to turn the United Nations into." ';_;' e ' on'~;~:1;§;;;" lbranch et the State lzaertment. =_f';_j' [For thla reason, they d, it was lpushing the creation of a "Little
e _
I .veto.
Dr Ilinateln, in reply, said tb
omy poeseeses advantages whi
ment llvea-up, at least to .s
extent, to adequate atan
depresaion. He continued:
those who do not belong to
traitors or as nasty evildoers.
taitlttule vanishes completely
e tendency to deteriorate in
ut a government
In e healthy nation there isAssembly which would bypass the
Security council on which the So-viet Union now had the power oi
heaharedtheviewottheovie
ecientists thatasocialietecon
ch
definitely counter balance its dia-
advautages whenever the manage-
darda.
Capitalism or tree enterprise, he
believed. would prove unable to
check unemployment or cyclical
"On the other hand, we shouldnot make the mistake oi blaming
capitalism for all existing social
and political evils, and or anom-
lng that the very eetabiiahment of
socialism would be able to cure all
the social and political ills K hu-
manity .
The danger et ouch a belief
liee, firat, in the tact that it en-
courages fanatical intolerance onthe part ed all the faith1u1s' by
making a possible social method$0 a type oi church which brands
as
Once this stage hes been
reached, the ability to understand
the convictions and actions or the
eAny government is in itself an
vii insofar sa it carries within itth
t . .
"W
ei
yranny However except tor a
smell number oi anarchists.
veryone of us is convinced that
civilized society cannot exiat with-
ll . _
kind oi dynamic balance between
the will or the people and the gov-
srnment which prevents its degen-
aration into tyranny. It is obvious
hat the danger or such deteriora-Llon is more acute in a country in CE,
0!
I-ll
I.
t
tI-
it
lJ
ueiwaisw e "JEINSTEIITEITS YIEE
?0F SOVIET EXPERTS
_,1-_,Z.,_..-i 1 .
Costumed rrem Page 1
idesire tor isolstionlem may he,"
_iDr. Einstein added. it remains no
iessdisastroustuussiesndtoall
_other nations."
- The Soviet scientists open letter
criticising Dr. Einstein wss pub-
lished in The New Times or Mos»
cow on Nov. 28, 1947. Their action
was reported in a Moscow dis etchto The Associated Press puhshedLin Tn: New You Haas... The open letter was signed by.801-gel svilov. president oi the
Academy of Sciences of the'U.S.S.§.;_A, N. Frumltm, director
oi the Colloid-Illectrochemical In-
stitute ot the Academy. Moscow;
A. F. lotto, director of the PhyIlco--
Chemical Institute of the Academy,
Leningrad, and N. N. Semyonov,
director ofthe Institute of Chemi-
ical Physics oi the Academy, Hos-:cOW. - '
Published by Atomic Scientist!
i' Dr. !'.instein's reply is published
Psnd the Soviet scientists open let-
-ter reprinted in the Fjebruary issue
of the Bulletin of the Atomic
Scientists, published by the AtomicScientists otChicego- - '
I In their letter the soviet scien-
'tists asserted that supporters ot
' world government" were widely
sing allegedly radical phrases toe ettect that state mvei e atom age has allegedly e
i survival of old times."
'L-- They attscked this on the ground
ithat such ides-s were promoted at
'the origin of the League of Na-
hions and that they represented
the "imperialist" aims of capi-
monopolists." Until the Bol-
vik revolution Russia, they as-
serted. was dependent economically
and politically on world capitalist
monopolies."
g Through the Bolshevik Revolu-
tion Rusaia achieved independence,
which its people defended in civil-i
war battles against s bloc of
_ perialist states" and, in the sec-
I d World War. against "German
ascist invaders," they argued.
"Now the advocates or s. world
persts-te' invite us to surrender
independence voluntarily in
~the name oi a certain world gov-
iernmenl-. which, with a hig
sounding trademark, conEworld domination ot capitol
monopolies." they declared.s
92 .
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ltynotdlicrer thesrmsdtomee
but else over sll the channels of
education and information esiwell
so over the economic_ex:lsten oi
every single citisen.
"I say this merely to Ln
thl-t socialism as such canno be
considered ti-is solution to so-
eisl problems but merely as a
tramework within which such s
solution is possible." . .92
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Dr. - Einstein Calls Russias - e
I 0lati'0'n1sn1*tTrend _Dengero11s ' "
alone and unemployment nod aald . m.e9m;;eo 'vest=rev'gm e to tour Soviet;
lelenlf-l_ln which he told them
that Bussla was e, t
;:£;._:92:_' -:;;;»<92-,.:;-;gj§=' :;. .- H --embarked on a~
t r e n' d toward
unlimited isola-
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lelin oi the Atomic Scientists, te-
plyingtoanattaekmadeonhim
by the Soviet acientiete last No-
YBEIIGL 4 j= '_'_ ,4 l
Iladrlcllednlleh
The four men. ime or thellfthe
president oi the Academy oi Set- ", . _ __ _ ' .-92
' - ' - I " <_ ' -
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socialism had adveqtnzee 08191:-
ting ltafdrawhaelis whenever he
management live; up, at least to
some extent. e_to*adequete dand-
But Einstein pointed MIL hethought the danger of degenere-{
t.lon_ Into tyranny" was more acute;
In a nation where the government
has th ity not au or _ only over the;
armed toroes but also over all the
channels oi education and inor-metionfaa well as over the 6 '
nomie existence of every llnlleeiti:.en.".' - . P .* ~ "*1
He laid he waa eurprieed to nll__
th'at_the Russians were au "pal;
donate opponents of an
the economic sphere, and yearda. ;.- i.'~'1= " '~. 5-1-' -E192 . . . J
ly passionate advocates oi ,
e. 'g., unlimited eovereignity, the
sphere of ;lnterna_tlonal politiea, I1 ,5, . _ .;- 1- ¢-'1__:".'_- '
e_nc_ee oi the USSR. hadwrltten in
the Moscow New Times that Eln-
Iteln'| nlpprt of a world gov~
arnment was dnnleroul and
harmful to the enuae of peaee.
The burden of their long anu-
men_twas that the Idea o! world
government was only a cloak tor
unlimtted -piana" 0! American
imperialists. It contained a tini-
lng defense of national eonerellnty
as a protection egelaat world
domination of capltallse moi
nopo1.iea." w -',e =--' .~
_ Einstein: repb: Such a1-lament;
ere a kind of mythology." ~
It ia' d1ieu1t {or me to take
e alleged exploitation of the
d by the United States outRDOORDEI!-
ébli? 79, /2P 7'6 FANS:- I; 19:3
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' This was a little more than 0.5.-/ . sf - -/J.
Jfstem Saw'AI
?%~1"= §'.l$.é..Y..
@1934 bait;Q, A ..'-1*-r"1"Il!*';="=&1=-m..l'1*!5*E»._°"*".. _..- .3£l! . B851 Lil. asssuv was-u unss
' Behind the atomic III stands the
gure of b1:hrowed;g.nt-minded
Violin-playing Albe nsteln.
out oi no rr'wm-j
tionary concept l that mass and
energy were interchangable, than
every gram of mass was the same;
thing as so manyeergs or enemy.
He propounded it in a mathemal.-7
lcal statement which has become one
or the major cornerstones oi science
--e-met-e mm; the t-eimitr M
light, or about_188,000 miles a seconrl.92
The met time I met Dr. _n|nstesn"
,was at the winter meel-Int oi the
sn¢séii:I¬5_L'I Biencein Pitlsburlh
"C'lE:EYmas_ week, 1934. He was being
questioned about the possibility oi
bringing about some conversion of,
mass into energy -by splittinz "121nucleli of atoms. . '
"Yes," the great physicist said,
-"out it would not be practical. _
.It would be like a blind man on92
I dark night hunting ducks by ll:-92
in: a shot gun straight up -in the
air in a country where there werevery lew duek.s."» ~ .-
92 Some said then_'that this sta
ment made the attainment or s
energy seem too easy. . . '-
years heiore Hirosh1ma.~_ .-- =_e.aas'_-'
age came one_giisml1. rain: -TI1I921-
aryaiternoon in 1839 in a elassrocm
et George University.
A lerpwceks ago during a meeting
oi the-K-American Phys! Bo;-let?at the university. Willis t wrence
of the New York Times ed me
to show him that classroom. I hope
.Itookhlmtotheriah|.one.He
approached as s pilgram might sp-
proach a holy place. _ .. _
I would like to make a suggestion
to President Oloyd Heck- Maryin.
1snt it about _ti:ne that an appro-
p_riate tablet was placed on the wall
oi that room? It was the P1111191!-08
of the brave new world. rm aar-
ations to come pilgrams in Washing-
ton l'seek it cut. '5;?->r.ur, then on the sta of
lqien Service, and I happened to
he the only reporters present-at
that iateiul conference on atomic
physics eonducted each yesrunder
the joint auspices or the Clmeli
Institution oi -Washington and
George Wash!-natoo Universit - -
- I emember the announcement byH - in his ;iill'l¥ l>liIIll7l'¢-
'he le English o .h_ls-o0lhmu_r_iie_a-The hm mm; mm oi on swmq
German physical journal in which
Otto Hahn had nrisinterpretcd his
strange ndings afthe Kaiser Wu-
-helm Institute at Dahlg-ren; oi lhe
e<.I1l.of Dr. Berle Pure. now Ili-rcetor oi the Terres?-I slszneln
pt the aroegie Instig
to explain the e
_, -..lategfescaped 1.33 nussii and now:
was on Abe Georle Washinti-01!
nail, writing _ incomprehensible
phleimstic Dr. Ildwar ller. a
iellow refugee, dispu 3 these;equations with Gsmov: oi Dr. -
co-Ieni. Italian refugee who arsw}urr-no hm missed the same
!indinga_ as it has been said. byequations on the blackboard of the roman; of the" atom got on themathematically m in 11;. dg rather '" i ..--W-so---._...r.,, . J :5-f'..._..,. A II .'. e. .,.L@ x.-_,,,,.__92-__a=_,_,._..-'.,__.. ,%;1.:, _____ __ _ _,_ _,
s 'a
' repm'1el'l t6ld"_"$out it. r. E5 .
He di notheeitai" _ at"; '
here was a suorce ergy r _
sooner or later I0l.92lu of tremen-_ 1-_ coggey
duos signicance. He passed lightly ZMr flavinJ an-.s.sover the technical diculties which
everybody else had stressed so much. .~
Btarnge to say this interview with
a man who admittedly knew nothing ;
about it was the rst time that the 1
trout pages oi -the new York news-
PIPFI-' If .~ -~ _ .1' - ' -a a vs c ' .92
About a year later, with the war *
full swing and secrecy restrictions
ca_'s _e n sieists w 0 fl-Kworilng on IE5 uraziii sion the _a'--sheet oi tin roll.
PF s '=l*.*."!."3=°"P!.=*"?1 i
re?"-921'l;9J.. .IJ1192._llll0.lYl.°Ill 1- W-lumoie:;*_;Rr!iI1i.hib' "the th'I!il1' the
next mornlrlz""when Dr." "hive told?
of worhin:"..l1i lniI_hl and finally
aelueving'thejhs.s1onoi the uran-
iumatomitsunrise. e
Very misty 'wasthe future which
would result. from the strange new
discovery on that any January,
afternoon. What} remember best
was the barely sup:-eased excitementshown by scans or the Ireetestiphysicists in the world; 'Ihey them-==192'=-'- were II m-1=h'in the dark =8. distillation Lhes. Y s 1 .5nobody-~but they -reelhed 1-hut the Enuoi-iris is siioii ',
world would never be quite the.
same aga.lx:|.-lha_t they. and they
alone ior the time being, were at
one or the great turning points oi
human hl".to'ry1" This atsnospherewned out everything else. It!~y bf _' misstated some oileds" j Potterandloe-I
lonaily have araued over '0!!!
ecollectlona - - .
'I'hetwoorl.hre-estoriulwrote
at the time now seem unbelievably"1. Cain. ii Du an nm 11as . I - - esterday the 1"BIa-
on m nee or us_rI-I £31711 , e§ram rT>Tegpi7_7 L ___ __ _ 92
"'.l.ln$ there anything new onaeggait! U235 pm _ U Illlllt
ked-_ r,- . 92 _ _ A.
"1 E tell h1l'|," he _sild. " can't even till yo: what you IL?-g "
| I: ow _ eady-tha the ly -way
itcanbe done istozet uraniumlnto.
the lorm or a gas, uranium uoride,
and then separate it by. thermal
stuil in existence. Ii. would requigg
distillation tubes as bl: as the Wash-
lnirhm monument lined with gold.",1
~ I! it was important enough, ,1-susseste.- you mug; Dersuade the
Prelidqllt to take _ gold out qrPort Kn_os.":. .- 3 ;; 1' " _ -1
. .Hsr,m-n¢d.p;j¢_-_ 1 .-.. . . 1
ll! God." he said. who told youwe were pl-a.i_iI;lngto do that?" _. _-. . . _. ,, _* . v_ _ ,
..*.*.*..*.*.r.;; . '"..-crude and naive. They were new-llgzg U;i ;;n§y"l;';3 :lt$°;',: .sarily quite inaccurate, but hilly:
representative oi what. was knownIwent there one afternoon and
act a very cold reception from the
physicist in charge-so much -so that It was not "M11 em I1 Emmi: threatened to complain to Prm-later that the mystic symbol UB5aPP¢al'ed in lhe picture. It was.pom mentioned at s. memos d the
American Physical B00167 9 "K.
Bureau oi Standards. Looun: blvlr
onii.nowIcanseehereIcom-
pletely missed the sienicance of
this rather obscure announcement.
It was at about
I happened to he an
in: through Teas-I Ii
world famous astronomers
=icista.'lhey were onl-bl!-1'1"
dedication oi the llcbonal
qratory in the West Tens
1. M "~~'-gm .. .. fompton, now e
. Uni rsi Nobel prise win92* - --- .. .J" ~.--'~".v..s *
.
lngton Vt Ur '.
net. one oi the [realest pllilicistl
ill the world. HI hl Dill. been PT-'.'. -s mnni . aahieton meet-tions inn Dr. etntner; cl the 1* " '3'" ldifiz 'fn~"m*"'n;;,frantic search o thecity ior s lm mm t ident Isaiah Bowman. He didr;
seem in the least. intimidated and
told-etogoahead. -- 5" nt it true," I asked, "i.ha '
are using _a Ilistillatirnt '#tuD3- , .
W1 so1?'?,_ =9 .¢lared§.fm.e" I
' "Well. you can be do y
3
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Hr. TB-so
llr. Taaey
Hr. Odraon
Mr. Egan
Hr. Hondon
Mr. Pennington___
Hr. Quinn 'Ian1m_
Hr. Neale
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92 ifir-l H " -' .
is'gJ,.J.insdIwi_ti1 platinum, ' he said.
professor might have gone E3 iail I01,
ils inadvertantr remark uttered infsi moment oi rather mm Lager.
-7" -' sfays-s--,~ i'92
In the summer oi 1941 I accom-
panied a Navy expedition which
landed Marines in !celandperhaps
Es Est American move in the war.
The_ destroyer I was on at the
tinmewassunkbyaermanminea iew months later--the iirst Amer-
-icanshipsunkinawarwhichhad
. not yet been declared. . -
There was a very assertive young
-lieutenant aboard for whom I had
' an instinctive dislike. .
"I know all about this_U-335," he
said in the wardroorn one'night. 1
"'1he_Navy knows'all about it"-,
he always spoke as it he was the
omcial voice of the Navy. The way the Navy looks at it is
that it's a lot of bunk_1ust stu put
out by agents l-Wins to stir
up trouble." -
, "And as for these theoretical
scientists with German namI'il
tell you right now the Narfs got nb
Y_ ai_nst the wall tomorrow morn-" - . 92 .- _ __..- e _A..._ - 1-;-" '¥
bombing oi Japanese cities under
rather wierd _ _ ,_ 3
It was in Budapest about the sec-
ond week in August two years I80-1
I was there,_with two or three other 1
war correspondents. strictly against,orders. This eerily-lovely, mined
city was in éliiiiifiiji Russian ter-
ritory. It was barred to all Amer-
icans and -British except two small,
detaehements oi soldiers and civil-
ian clerks who represented the
Allied Control Gommissiom '
Nevertheless, we were there and
the afternoon we an-'|vedthr1-iuih
courtesy or stupidity ot the Rus-
sians. I never could tell which, andto the great annoyance oi Gem.
Mark cm-rs public relations ol-92
oera in VlennaIunerica.ns, Britishi
and Russians were quite excited. A
Hlmgarian newspaper had just a-
peared with a banner headline and
a few distorted details _oi! the bomb-;
ing of Hiroshima. The account was
in Hungarian and very iew foreign-
can read this iangauge._
, I round myteii probably the only
mania Budapest with the faintest
lidea oi what it was all about. I had
mental work on atom splitting pre-
onmostaspectsolit. Ihadalso
known, through rumors picked up
rst heard about the atomicfor them, he continued. Ii
,1 ad my way we'd line them all up
I
here and there, "oi the Manhattan]kno'wn about most oi the expert-_
lvious to the fall of 1M1_when se-Sir James Chadwick, the discoverer
ctirity restrictions had been placed-
s
17 ' 1 . _be 1' f'- ,- 1 = ?~:----~=-1= =1--.
ect and th secret tlL] ' Qt M-_,....u ' , - 1
But what oi it?" asked a British 1
lady correspondent with our little
group. "It's just another explosive,
isn't it! They've been bringing out;new weapons all the time and this;
is only something a little worse than
whet lm gone nei'ore."- . -,
"No," 1 said. "You can compare
t-he situation to that of a ZB_-29
sweeping over, the battleeld oi
Agincourt. Theres about the dii-_
ierenoe between this stui! and .a_-
block buster as between a bombing,
plane and the bows oi thelinglilih
archers." LL - 92 -, 'Ithinkthelldlwasdulyim-,f
essed for she n st making
taoasethat he- micbon:
ally had been Lnve ed -by anglishman. - l
'11-lis was a _d _ ent to
aiswer, it it was worth answering;
because nobody was more keenly,
aware than I of the magnitude oi
the British contributions to
;great revolution in human destinies
iand oi the relatively all contri-
lbutions of my ieliow countrymen_
until just before the end._ ' _ ,
It was futile to belittle the claims -
of Lord_Rutherl0rd, the rst man
ever consciously to spilt an atom; oi!
oi the neutron. and of
others. _~ And it would
{wasted breath to ha
§sq!== - Hf t11s_§J@.='1.==.i vi "111 ..
iqtheD e,'of-the Germans.- e
Russia even of the Hun '
. The Russians put us up in avent that night. The kindly
sisters % were excited about -.e
atomic bomb. In the middle of the
night there was a battle in the
street outside between Russians
and Hungarian guerrillas; bullets
pinged ,th1-ough our windows and
net on me oor oi e h:.iiw.-.3. , '
1 "Alter that I ieit like Wl'lt'»in:,l!!lU
,,got out my typewriter. The moon
was full over the ruins. from a
1'ew blocks away came the weird
usirol a Irony orchestra. In aw minutes an angry mother_pe.rior sighed et my .-oer, ,.he'
ldlenoleeoimytypewriterwas
eeping the nuns awake and she
ought they had had enougheoiln
eal for one night. , ,_
'Ihe.title oi my war book, when I
t around, to writing it, will be
mewl"et'n_1ieieer@r but she-_s1d
_ aveagoodsalespullltwilibe
Hightsina-6snIven92.f"i
1..
I _:
,*a44'we all spent part oi the night laying 1
u ui
II
092 I.--92
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IIISIBIII WEll'lIS_
Peace Requires
A-Bomb Control
- ism teen--| . '. .
Pro'I._i}1___ teinsnd other{noted ° ¢mgmJ!em. We now know that the?
of American Bo ' -warned
yesterday that "human security
can never be assured until the
world has been made sale for
e-tomeie e
They eppealedon the second
anniversary 0! the first atom
bomb explosion in New Mexico,
July 18, 1945!or international
stomic energy control throuzh
the United Nations. "There must
% we world er none," they said.
Besllse Difficulties »
i The warnins was issued over Jflilature oi Dr. Robert -
shak. chairman oi the .5; and
professor of physics at the Uni-92
versity of Rochester. Einstein
liled it both as s iederation
member and es chairman oi the
emergency committee of atomicscientists. ~ o i
The scientisu said that ll-1
though they lr_new 2:-om the he-1:ginning that the task of achieving
international control would be dif-
cult, the lack oi progress tol
date has been discouraging. T.!nite.d' He~'92..._.l negot-1 ....abandoned. We, on the
.hand, on this second anniversary
lo! the atomic bomb, s:_i'i'irm'ourbelie! that the common interestswhich led to the establishment}
of the Elli. are more compelling!
than ever. " I - . i
Mon; Lessons '
We have learned valu-
sble lessons during the past two
problem oi atomic energy cannot?-
be solved apart from the consider-,.
ation or other issues. _ -~ At the some time we ms1ntsin"_.
thst h"..rna.'i seem-it:; can netfer '
be assured until the world has been "
made sate for atomic enemy. It is
necessary to pursue every avenue
toward one world, tekin: lull ed- l_'
vantage of the opportunities o1'-
iered by the UN. and its I881-
dg I_ 1
i'~
"Some people, in fact, eyh ' . "have accepted defeat, d
Ir" ° "
/7. e ....-- -
_ Mr. Tolsou_______
. E. A. Tamm__
. Clegg______.
. Gisvin__r__,
. Lsdd:/ '
- Mr. Ni{:ho1s______V 5fI," Mr. Boiler-_____
llr. True?
Hr. Carson
Mr. Eg|.n_____
Hr. Gnrnee -
Mr. Harbo
Mr. Hendon_______
Mr, Penningtcn__
llr. Quinn Tamm_
' Mr. Neue________
Miss G|.ndl'?___Q J I; Ir ;
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By Samuel Sillen r Y
For American 'entisis thereis n timeiy5 '92_.i-'. His Lite and__ lines. s!'newi§log-
--w-1-5p!-T§Ey Philip 'ank. It is the
m ~---- iilil!
crusade against
science. In
ading the sec-
ith -Hitler; ,persecution 0! I
me:-pi; rem.ind-ad oi the cur-lesson that de against
it-%:= Q -" _
F .~ -- £37.?-3-.7,
+_ "'- _" "In 1. . »_,<1>,.,=.--s-:-;~
;_.:' Yrent n.ntiGOm-
munist drive as expressed in the
Committees persecution
- of Yroiessor Harlow Bha1:ley.' K
I Even in the years beiore it-
jet came to power, Einstein was
i f attacked by the German reac-
tionaries as a purveyor out "Boi-
shevimn in PhY8ics.f The hate-
? agitators of the German press
iienoimoed him for "conspiring"
in Moscow with the Soviet gov-
emmentfeven though the scien-
-tist never did visit the Soviet
I Union - -
_ Einstein was not in Germany
at the time or the Reichstag fire.
His absence was most Iortunate.
For even though he had stayed
el of actual politics all his ltte.
Nazis accused him oi being,
chief ii a secret "commu-
ie" movement. They tried toV _ ,____ __ __ _ , ___,__,_- _.__-7-__A -._-9_ "'__ IF
1- 1
show there was something "Boil-
shevistic" about r his Jewish
physics." They "ma he repre-
sented "the t Asiatic spirit in
science. - - -
' 0 0 0
' We are Ieminded that "lin-
stein°s writings on the relativity
theory were burned i»uhik;iy~ in
the square before the State Opera
House in IB-eriin. "Either with'
other books. some oi which were
regarded as obscene, others asB0151-ieVistlc.". ' ~When the scientist
urged Hitler to make use cer-
tain Jewish scientists, the Pach-
rer "replied: Believe me. Those
that are ere not Bolsheviks openly
are so in secret." ,,
The oesupo miied Einstein:
viiia at Caputh, where they as-
serted the Communist Party had
hidden stores o! arms. They eon-
tisceted the villa. It well as
Einstein's bank account and other
possessions. Einstein received this
announcement. lrom the German
police: "I'he_property was lini-
ousl! going to be used to finance
a Communist revolt. ' - -.
Such paw-ba.g "_Ei for-eihiy
one or the current agitation at
the Schweilenhachs and J. Pill-
neli Thomnsn to outlaw the
Communist Party and Communist
ideas. The technique is the same:
the BigLie. 'Ihe0bJe:.'tis1-he
same: to hen all honest-nqil
! Bchwellenhadi mentality1
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V LLBERQINSTEIN -
isvery much like thatoia oer
tain New York aldermah in th
day! Iollowing World War I. A
the-t u-e, 1"iere!_!e a 1:9-ea:-éle,
-who was president oi the Board
ofnlderman, proposed that the
Visiting Einstein he Ilven the
ireedom oi the City oi New
York. But one alderman pro-F 1' '3 " I e I - - - -7-f "w'*-R_~¢=ee-e..e_es.c_-ll he t~ eca S-;_-1z 92-i " "1 ' v A H t i t - -* 75*/ll J -,us IDGTEIIQIS»e
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mstem aye; -»
i Paris, ha. 0 tun».-_~_a_1bs in-
qjgn, was quoted today i?"ll?51l
_ E5? atom bombs now being manu-
Iactured are so powerful that the
one used at Bikini was a "mere
plaything" by comparison. -
An article in Ce Soir, a Commu-
nist publication in Paris, said the
-renowned physicist made in-1oTn
his views to R. J., Longuet, the
paper's New York correspondent.
Einstein expressed disbelief that
a system of international inspec-
tion; is suiiicient to preserve peace
I-hnt only IQQQQ measures, which
would transfer military power to
the international organization. =
i Criticizes _U. S. Military Quarters
3 Einstein critic-.iaes_Unlted States
military quarters for _"attempttnz
to donate everything. includlnz
scientic research and publication
of data. The physicist deplored
the miiitarist spirit which he said
animates the United States B a re-
sult of the war, adding: '. .' '
" '-Before the war. it was impol-
aihie for the Governent to obtain
the smallest appropriations Iron:
Congress for armaments. ..
- Today, they are spending 20 bil-
lions tortiiying distant Pacino isles,
although nobody is threatening the
powerful United States. -
America is a land qt extremes-
either no Army or an enormous
m_» . L. .
Asked it he knew of progress
made in Russian -ltolp research;
Einstein replied: ' * . I
' "Roi ersetiy, hit the Russians
are working hard. Everybody is
_Il'0l'kiIl§ hard on researches.
When asked his impressions Q1
politics in France, the scientist re
plied: - ".
! "!'rom's i have an im-
-pression that there is only one real
party in France with a solid crim-- G - III
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CL IPIING FROM THEH. 1] 7 n.v.iu£ws..-..-.i'1?.a92 ,92.92l'I:D - ' ' . / iiilkgeglf-I1l§'l;!|#;'_%92Z.i."5l.lHélCi. .4.-n.4,@ 4U yi1a»,_:;/' ~°"92 i4 .W E,
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,.-; U92;I!_ I; IUIJCIDZi Dr. Al Einstein world famed
|:hysi.ciet;"1e1d ixT a letter made
public yesterday that intellectuals
Ihtlid refuse to cooperate with
Congressional investigating mm-Initbeea as a protest ~ against
slavery intended for them."
l" Reactionary politicians have
managed to instill auapicion oi all_intellectual eiforta and an nor;proceeding to anpprcss the freedom Eoi t4Q:!1ing .-_=::! te deprive of their ;positions all those who do not prove .' euhmisaive, Einstein wrof e Wil-_§
Iiarn Frauenglass, a New York?
English teacher facing dismissal
for refusing to testify befox-e,the
Senate internal Icon;-it! Iubeom-_.mittee. ' - - ~ 1 ~ " 1
- What ought Jntellectizala-lgainat thin evil! Every intellec-
tual who is ealled before one of
these committees ought to refiuej
stiiy; He must be prepared Fja and economic ruin; in ahorttf I
the "acrice of i1ie_peraonal welfa Iin e interest of the cultural1:1-e 01' hia count:-y._?_' L _~ _,.,_, _ .l _ __ __ _,,,_____ ___..___¢.~----------~.._ .__,-..i______ __ _....--,-
U .<92
2 -JMY.
Mr. Lad
Ht. Nichol
Mr. Belmon
Mr. Clef-'2
lin Glnvin._._§. l
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, Ili~l-non--,5 - 6nmsrnm, rucsr. comsox I _ I .- This city w.
lchulll,-'ittti:nf named the .A1_l?__=It instein College of Medicine, andedicated on Sunday before an audi- ea-lee oi 5,000 persons. Congratula-' "tory messages sent by high publiciomeials from the President down. emphasized the pert that this coi-
lege will play in meeting the short-s
. be regarded as more than just sn-_ i other institution with which a E 'ach- -;'* ing hospital is affiliated. Though its» first class has only just entered, it l,already ranks with the great med- _.-'ical schools ot the world. It staffs '5"A more or less full edged, with ade-, quate teaching and laboratory-f facilities, and hospitals and other gQ auxiliaries usually _acquh-ed slowly 'I, ' through the years. Its faculty com-
- mands respect by treason oi its re-
imarkabie quality. There is littledoubt that tehave been trained bythe Albert Einstein College of Medl-
cine wilfhe regarded as s mark orr distinction by its fortunate gradu-4
gates. -
, The college is the heart or s newmedical center which is to cost t$100,000,000 and in which the; . _' teaching or medicine, research andi Kthe care of the sick will be integ- "r , ._ ated in tccordsnce Willh the newer ~conception of medicine's educational ',ineeds. What is more, it will be open to all Who, are academically'qualied, without regard tor rsoe,' creed or nationality. _ 3//' fJ no ls exactly as Albert mmmmi /3, -A would have had it. 5l'lF'1Ti.Te'rH'I' I 'U1. .is spirit, there is every reason tobelieve that his high hopes for the- part that it play in the advanceof medicine an "n the national lwei- .fare will be ' - g -92
INDEED c.
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mew eplied. I am bringing Tll6_W*":"'pulptll "l ill "l "'U avrit it lk mam dotastelul liiiiitatiuiis ulThe rst move came as .1 to- We line to learn to lllll in WW1 sovereignty But whatration between Iiaiistein and H new way We have to 1631'" t°|l°haPi impedes_ . 1» ~ - - . - '.i -I-92- -aiiuuuiiii ul. 9292n|. Ill Ht"
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LI$201; Einsteins siginitnre 92v.i-i92_ k om.M_|v¢3 not what stepi 0i92l'l|veii in the last weelt ot his it"nee his death I have appiodlted6 oi gpwnug c0|'t1[!¬lI l92C¬ lllllthe E45: and in the Wish £91
litical disagreements sliorild notilluenco men oi P"-"-"96 '" "i "92Ming what 35 probable but someE those approached 1111-'°-wt yet
13 pronounced by the Slglliii
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.. d,92.;5-i--::'5.»'J-92 ii...._.,;-1 .,;',,,- t1.. "='au=11-'*--*. 'iito all parties?
man men in position o uity, have not realized whit W°"ldbe involved in a war with nliltffbe t.il.en to give l1'Il19292a92'Y elm?to whatever group W9 Pie -Ti furhere no longer are such stP5he question we have to ask oursolves is: what steps can be ill"-"Eo pi"event_ a rnilital'Y cfltest ° vliich the issue must be <1-l5ill1°92-l5
as 1»~:1».'*'=- 1" as:
bombs. The general public BF! thinks in terms of the 0iJl.tlB923.i1?Ilof cities. It is understood that NBnew bombs are mr Iiildwlul. 3.": " "- v-1,? -- '
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to the notice of all the powerfulgovernments of the world in the:
earnest ho that they may agree
confronts humanity, w feel that,to allow tllilt citizens to survive.0 , 0 1
$ClENTISTS' STATEMENT
In the tragic situation which
scientists should it-5'5¬ll_]lE8 in con-
ierence to appraise the perils that
have arisen as a result of the de-
velopment of weapons of mass de-l _struction, and tn discuss a resolii-thorny mi" 3» bomb can now behad been reached in time of[ion in the spirit of the appended nianu[.ictured which will be 2,5U0they would no longer be consid-¢'1m[i_ itnncs as powerful as that whichlered binding in time of war,92Ve are speaking on this oc-'d°5lI0yBd Hiroshima. ibotli sides would set to worlrcasion, not as .ineinbers of tliisl Such a bomb, it exploded nearilnilnuliichmi H'b°"1b5 "5 509"of that nation, continent or creed, the ground or under water, sendsiw bmke "lib fl". if OMhut as human bciiigs, iiieniburs of radioactive particle; into [ha up_"manufactu,-ed the bombs and the at I11-csciit keeps both sides ithe species man, whose cuntinuerhpcr air. They sink gmduao and other did not, the side that niami-istnic of nervous apprehension.cxistcnce is in doubt. The world reach the surface of the earth iii-faclured them muld i'"392'l blY b¢ "l° ]"- lherellonh velcomais full of conllicts; and, uversliad-the form of a deadly dust or rain. 92"1-'T°1'5°l1$- 1 |"" "H"-P"1¢l1li though 01117 iio_win_g all_ minor conflict.-;, the It was this dust which infected the Although an agreement to-re- M mpllllltc stru le between - -l a anese 'her n d th ' h - - - Most of us are not neutralthan the old, and thflh W 3 {"13
lit-bornb could 0'l]ltl6ti!l6 H_1i'0~lshirna, one H-bomb could obliter-'92 ate the largest cities. such as
don, New York and Moscow
A WIDER PERIL
No doubt in an H-bomb war
{Feat cities would be obliterated.
,But this is one of the minor dis-
asters that would hnve ._to be faced.
If everybody in London, New Yorlrelse ll that the LB-rm
-[eel-5 V331-19 and abstract
5°aT9elY 1-Bolus in irnagination
the danger is to themselv
their children and the -
children, and not only to a dimly
ap I ' -
Clsihht they, individually, andpreheiided humanity They can
rcely bnng themselves to
and Moscow were extermioatod
the world might, in the course of
a few centuries, recover from the
blow. But we now l¬tl0W, espe-whom they love are in imminent
ldanger of pcrishing agonizingly.
And so they hope that perhapscmgy since the Bikini test thati92Va1'.I1:l-92 be allowed to continuenuclenr bombs can grailuallyipmglg. ed modem -weapon arespread tlistruction over a verygpm ' it
II1l1¢11.9292"iclei' area than had been ILLUSORY%"Pv"§@=1- l This hope is illusory.It is stated on very good an agreements not to use 1-I-bombs
88 Wmlll .lP- s me an eir catc nounce nutlear weapons as partliisni and anti-coniinunism. iof sh. of a general reduction of 3;-ma- feeling. but, as human beings. _Ahnost everybody who is p0-I No one lmows how widely suchiiments would not alfurd an ulti- hiwe to TE""3-mbiif lhilh if thelltlcally conscious has strong ieel- lethal radioactive particles might mate solution, it would sgfyg cg!-.1hll£'5 between East and Westings about one or more of iheseibe diused, but the best authori-tain important p|_|fp5 I§_ to be decided in any mannerissues; but we want you, it yon,ties are unanimous in saying that First; any agreement bQ[ reg1] can give any possible"_ "__:l° it ""16 -"*"°h i¢°l11'S5 III"-l_=1 war with H-bombs might quitelEast and West is to the good ill I .£01151 er Yonrselves only_as ll16.tt"t-92P05S1l!ly put an end to the hurnaniao far as it tends to dirninish ten- nf "1U'C°mm'-mist, vhelef1 E a bllv"-"1 Peeler wluchliace. It is feared that if many-sioii. Second; the-' abolition of °1' EUFOPEN1 OF A1"91'i¢192"-ms hm-I F "3m"Il<'-1l>l¢ l1l5li1l'y,l92dH-bombs are used there will be thermonuclear weapons, if each 'whose disappearance none of us universal death--sudden onlv ioriside believed that thn other hnd|l'l1U$t not be decided bv war. Wee style of Pearl Harbor,
to anybody whether Coniinunis
white or blaclc, then these issuethe fear of a sudden attack in
n
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13; .:_L_;, -- _1;__E-.1?I 1--r <.-Ir-i 1 ,,ns-tein, in Last Act,J.|oined With Usherorlde Scientists in Appeal to Prevent Wa
A POWERFUL SPUR to ending the cold war came last week from ansigned by eight world-renowned scientists. It was prepared by the late Albert Einsteinand'British philosopher Berh'and'Russcll. Seven of the eight are Nobel price winners and
they include Communists and anti-Communists.. Among the Nobel Prize winners who signed the appeal, besides Einstein, were Erof
Hidelci Yukawa.. The appeal called for the abolition of war and as a step in that direction EastWest negotiations to renounce nuclear weapons and secure a general reduction of an-ma
ments. _ ' - .l ..
nuss1=.1.L's snrcsu-:sr_Full ten of the appeal follows:Percy W. Bridgman, physieist,*ot Harvard; Prof. Herman ]. Muller, geneticist of IndianaUniversity; Prof. Leopold Infeld, of Warsaw. University, and Prof. Frederic ]oliot-CurieFrance. Others who signed were Prof. Cecil F. Powell, Prof. Joseph Rotblat and Prof
-1 .I:=:=.-=-I:--.1;-'-:
The accompanying statement. |j;Ifi.=.§'*51§T
which has been signed by some 1of the most eminent scientic au» l;I= _,;t;:._ I - as-. pg 113.5; a thorities in different parts cit'the 5-
. De -
nuclear war. It makes it clear
that neither side can hope for vic- -t .' -*.".:.. --;:;. ;.;; .-:4,::.»-'-:-tory in such a war and-that there ;K. .t"is a ve real dan er of the exter- £3
dust and rain from radioactive;
_g:lo1}ds.lt suggests that neither the pub-
lic nor the govennnents of the Lworld are adequately aware of the 4:15., ; t '" -
dangerl It points out that anagreed prohibition of nuclear;-:~
in lessening tension, would not
allord a solution, since such wea-
pons would certainly bl! manu-
Iactured and used in a great war
in spite of previous agreements to
the contrary. _The only hope for mankind isthe avoidance of war. To call ton
-n way of thinlring which shalll
rnalce such avoidance possible is
the purpose oi this statement.The first move came as a col-
laboration between Einstein and
myself. Einstein's signature wasgiven in the last week of his lil'c.i
Since his death I have approached,
men of scientic competence both
it the East and in the Wttl, for
political disagreements should not._ :;
world deals with the rils of a;ll;
>. ' Q . . 5,1. ~55? 5l-- '. '" = . ->.<'>1t-.<-- . .Y §nunauon ot the mman race by --
e if
t 3:11; , 'weapons, while it might be useful . .'_§:"5.*?l*531 -3=3i5: '_.I.;_i§iyr?-§§§f5-IQ
" Li? """i .5. i ~-='5-<=-.-==-,=sa-=1""='F="
' ALBERT; EINSTEIN .
- We shall try to say no single
word which should appeal toone group rather than lo another.
All, equally, are in peril, and, if
the peril is understood, there is
hope that they may collectively
inuence men of science in esti-_
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92Ve have to learn to think in
a new way. We have to learn to
ask ourselves, not what steps can
be taken to give military victory
to whatever group we prefer, for
there no longer are such steps;integration. . '
MANY WARNINGSslow torture of disease and dis
Many wamings have been ut-
tered by emlnent men of
and by authorities instrategy.~ None of them will say
that the worst results are certain
What they do sa is that theseresults are possiblh, and no
can be sure that they will not
realized. -
_ We have not yet found that the
views of experts on thisdepend in any degree ups»pitics or prejudices. s hey deend only, so Ear as our researchesave revealed, upon the extent of
the rticular ex rt'sWehzve found tl-it the _men
know most are the most gloomy
Here, then, is the problem
which we present to you, stark
and dreadful, and inescape e
shall we put an end to the human
race; or shall mankind
war? People will not face
to abolish war._ '
The abolition of war will de-
mand distastetul limitations of
national sovereignty. But what
perhaps impedes
the situation more than
else is that the term "
feels vague and abstract
scarcely realize in imaginationalternative because it is so diliiculti
utu ion unu weiiure
' /tidy Knows tire Prise, A _
a bill to provide free
Mrs Hobby had a
or the government she
dncation Association, made
intment to talk about
for new ublic schools
the roup 0 educators ap-
at ier otiice the were
ted by a re ietful at e Mrs.
had lett efore then ar
She dicln t know the pur
the visit when she made the
ment She thought it was I
social call they wereh ha ever since balked ls, as well as many
9
f
P9
I
t
ut s e s
y request for Federal aid to
th both the small and lat B
ording to the ibhc re aoffice of her department 3' - T
shehentlerecl tll;tB El..926l'tl1O92:Bl.' " so etrt e nowntal: - - - vad to be called ,MH Sec . Seaman in the ILGWUs Iustice
rather than Madam Secre 92
e former title, she felt, wass HOBBY is also a demo- I'.""
H.
.cc
at I
sh
h
a keepmg with American tra-
adition are quite fixed She
rated her views publicly
Major Oveta Culp Hobby
Colonel Hobby, she had
of Itfllltlllg the first wo-
o was some concem express
as a Southern colonel there
e diacnmuiatinn against Ne i
men Major Hobby promptly
red the question by saying
egioes would he 1'P .l'921ilB l m
non to their number in the
on Out of 450 ntht.i'r can
in the lint giuup of trainher ideas of American demoIII
st
is
a
rNot the Value
t 5P0 =llililzelalitlild-l;:n¬ll?Tr l!%VT:1lE92;§[]llmo 05$ Wilde knows the price oi.sh but Mrs Itlobby, the Secretary of Health, E ltlC3h0!1 and Wel
that she has a c .2 _ mob mm" ; i I
r//k0-;
/-as
times. The latter included theyounger people present andseine old timers. ~
_ I
' l ti at-IT WAS a very pat ie cfair. The liquidators looked backiiostalgicnlly to their 'DWl1younger days, when the Leagueplayed an important role in
some of the great historic strug-gles of women-in garment,clothing, textile and other elds."They recalled the women iiilabor who received. their rstcrieourageinent and t:1'aiii.iug inWTUL circles. But they cori-cluded that everybody has got
- W555; i-. .12» unrn lilV Ed BU Ulgal-ILwomen. M.iio_r Hobby prornp y ed, -H an Puthe question by saying. Post. Director of ii -Texas radial " l1 be m°""-'_i°d "1 station. A member of the Houstonihe" "ml"1' 1" the ominittee for Education in Alco-1" "E 490 "Hm" 9*" holism, the American Heait Assn
in
40 we I ' " _
ATEB on, there was c am r * assist:iiitsorne asked the. ONE public gure has said of,of Mrs. Mary Mr.-Leodl Mrs. Hobby that "the inelfieiency' " d ' '-tration is equalled
a
iitiNew Deal friend-but of her ii minisappoi nent never came. And only by its inhumanity. Negroes mriiplaiiied of seg- This pbservalion, made by jos-ol WAGS, and of lailureleph L. Rauh, ]r., chairman oi' ' ' d America.ns- for Democratic Action,l the first two years Ito senWAGS overseas, and oi Mlilf true, may have its roots in hethat went out to break up .l'Illdl1DOd Aocoidirig Eolher he-E U 9292 i l
lto _ 0 __ i _ ' ' - " - hilite PM KY0"? 9i "311" ciatioii, the Houston junior League 1-re hegroes. . -and so on, tor another dozen as- sociations "
l o [or yl'liei'e was some eoiicerii eitpiess-i pa I Ednms and U um _,mm_ ., ml as ll 5° tle"" c l" el- thai Puliilishers Associatioii. A directorl id t" *3 l_92" '- 592 l¢ 5 l"'l~- be discriiriiiiatioii against Ne- of the Tens Magical jem-_ Cu, liIilll.1I92l.7lll_,lLllUl'l.H.Sl1ll|t.{ that sl§f_§ M ""' **"""'' tl ' d blisher of the Houston h_ H ' ' ' a recodilied these laws -iliiiost,
mgle liandully.OF MARBIAGEABLE age, slidost rio'time in idle dreamiiig,it ran for the Teiias State Legis-ature iii 1930 when she was 24,erwhile being courted by harmleiras Governor William Pettiisllobb , 26 years her senior. TheyYwere married the next year, andiii 19.31 she became one of the edi-tiitli" i .. .-turs of her hushaiid's inlluennewspapers, the Houston Post.From there on, it was a straiglit
road to the-arms of the Bi;-oublicanAdnliiiistratioii and. a 'ob rit thoCapitol. She wrote a boolr on rulin-meiitary law; rogressed higher inthe raiilrs of the Houston Post, li-nall b' coming executive vice-
:.IQI..IIIIU.I.II.....QII.Q§..I..
die Some of Seliiieidernian, hnorary presiE tle WTUL an ILC-WUIization, too, must ' . ' .'-tliese spolresnicii for the WTUL dent o i , have hugged the org-ariizatioii employee, l '0L'lililll' the reporttightly iii recent years as though reconimending iquidation be-it was their personal property. cause they don't need us anyThey jeaioiisly guarded it .[l0IIIlT' more and let's step out grate-iiitrusioii of yoniiiger people. fully. ' l arched by them. She was supported by Paullene92- . - I I - I . I 1first interracial company oil grapby. at the age 0 , enAFS Col. 1-lobby kept a discreetiriost 'ttle girls are skipping rope, . 'lO_veta Ciilp liked to sit in the lib-I.
La ior ITIThe actual proiiouncenient of Newman, honorary vice-ciair--the death .sentence upon the man, and by Sadie Reich, an-ILCWU tiill-tiincr whoWTUL came lrnin the leader- other rship of the lnterniitioiial Ladies blamed the women in unions for' " ' Rose lack of initiative and lack ofGarment Worl-eis Union.l . .. i' ~ il ntinued on Pa e 10! Co g
IOIIIIOIIIQUIIIOI IIIIIIIIIQQQIIQ
held that.
interest and whoyou caii't- leaders are born,
train tlieiri."-*
Tl-IE MINORITY! ol youngerpeople, or those with inoderiiminds, held that there is agreater need [or wonieifs or-gzniizatioii in tl trade union eld than ever ll£lIUS£'- the proli-. . . ' to
' ' a.lems that called the VVTUL inexistence are basically still her
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.3,?L N and thron l1Enisifnn 1 la.-ientists of the war]: and the
lC " " °d l"°' H5 eneral ]!IJlIJllC, to subsc slmuld wish this tn be understood, ilowing mmhjtion: H _ _ - li
both in the East and in the West. -In. View , of "the fad
There lie? below us ff we 1-. future 'wo1'ld 'warchoose, continual progress m hap-_ , . min}piness, knowledge _nnd wisdomweapons V ierSlmll we, mstead, choérse death,|5l|0y¬t¢l. I315 coatnltd .bet-ause we cannot org:-t ou_r_ 1'64 Bl1_ 6_ . 11 I _qlmrrels? We appeal. as_humanot manlzmd, we uége -the? e andl!eing.'i, tn lmman bemgs, remem- rnents of the worl tolre 1: ... _ , , ed b.r humamty and forget the rest lto acknowledge pnblxcy I~ . - ' cannot be furtherIf vourcan do so. he way ll P"TP?-*5open to a new paradise; it you! W01_ld W'3¥- md '¢'m3ecannot. there lies before you the ¢$01159q921enllY- t° 'risk "of universal death. lmealflsWa_.im.-jte this congress [to be
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