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On' February 16, 1950, Field Supervisor ROBEEEI GRANVILLE of the NewYork Office requested Field Supervisor JOHN N. POWELL to conduct investiga-tion into the background, activities and associates of one ARNOLD ROBINSON,92 Greenwood Avenue, Montclair, New-Jersey. According to GRANVILLE, ROBINSONwas an incorporator of the Technicallesearch Laboratories at 92 Greenwood 'Avenue, Montclair, New Jersey, and, in addition, wasassociated with oneLEWIS mums and uomzs URANIUM coaw. - ! e - f '
By teletype dated February 1'7, 1950, the Etzreau and New York wereadvised that Newark files reflected t ARNOLD ROBINSON first came to theattention of Newark through a lead in . LEWIS BALPJEUTH. Itwas determined through _a check of the Certificate of Incorporation filedDecember, 1941 at Trenton, New_Jersey, that BALAMTJTH was named as agent forTechnical Research laboratories and ARNOLD ROBINSON as me of the incorpora-tors. The company's address was-given as 92 Greenwood Avenue, Montclair, NewJersey. No residence address for ROBINSON or any of the other officers ofTechnical Research Laboratories was given nor was any residence address everobtained. Ch September 3, 1943,11 Certificate was filed by this corporationto reflect a decrease of capital. In this certificate, the president of thecorporation. was named as MORRIS H. KJJEBALL and the secretary, MOSES GAL-1hIER. _u
Report of Special Agent MAURITZ E. GAHLUN dated March 29, 1946entitled "DR. LEWIS PALAMU'I'H" makes reference to a report of a plant surveyconducted by the Second Service Command, United States Army on Jan 181131'? 1943. This plant survey file has since been destroyed._ Included in SpecialAgent GAHLON's e rt 'r po was information to the effect that the Army inspectormaking the report interviewed ARNOIJJ ROBINSON, secretary of the company. Theprimary contracting Government agent was the Navy Bureau of Steamships,Washington, D. O,,and the contracting officer was Lieutenant CommanderSCHENIER. Included in the Army plant survey report was a statement that itwas mandatory for all executives and employees to be fingerprintcd and theriots f rd d t p orwa e o Headquarters, Second Service Command, SOS, Internal SecurityDi . 1 .vision, Plant Protection Branch, 39 Whitehall Street New York City atten-tion Captain E. H. Herr. 01/
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Laboratories opened an account with them in Juno of 1947. H dum - '} i 92 ._ ____ .--' I I ' . 0 I
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' " Investigation at Newark reflected that Technical Research Labora-tories suhnitted haa c nge of address on September 16, 1943, and that mailfor this corporation was to be forwarded to Gussack Machine Production Company,1O-2O Fort-.y-Fifth Road, Long Island City, New York. It should be noted thata report of Special ent DANIEL F. GARDE dated January 16, 1946 at New Yorkentitled "DR. LE1-'II;"$LAMU1H" rei'le'cts on Page 13 that among the officialsoi the Gussack Mac e Prod t_uc ion Company were ll. H, KJMBALL, President and partner, and MOSES CMZMER, General Manager. LU!
In addition, it was noted that one MORRIS URANlUlI COHEN 1_ was a so a former onlployee oi Technical Research Laboratories. ' U!
. Report of Special Agent _DNaLD G. NARRIS dated August 9, 1949 at VNewark, New Jersey, entitled "MORRIS URANIUM*UOHEN" contains a t
3 1. MORR1IS_,__II,___ COHEN as formerly employed by varioos industrial concerns throughout theow Iork area and last by Gussack Machine Products Company, Long, Island City.Ourrent investigation at Newark reflects that MORRIS URANIUM COHEN and LEWISBALAMUTH are in busi_ ness at 580 Market Street, Newark, New Jersey, as BalcoResearch Laboratories._ _ repor made 92,b;y Dun and Bradstreet dated March 8, 1949 which describe D
Investigation at, Newark, New Jersey, reflected 7D that they were requested to make an in ui ng. q ry concerni Elco Research Labora-tories by the Bank of Montclair, Hontclair, New Jer
ppr atelf $5 balance in it 4 '
The following investigation was conducted_ by Special Agent JOHN R LIONS: - e 1. kl 'c»/
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e a vised that , s account was originally arranged for by JACOB F- ISGHMAN, who claimed to be/ a patent lawyer and who was former]. i -_ y v ce president of Bal o but is presently
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not with that company. He advised that-the present officers are MORRIS U. .
COHEN, President, and LEXIS BALAMUTH, SecretaryTreasurer. He also stated
that both of these. men maintain personal accounts with the bank, They conduct
Electronic Hesearohlaboratories at S80 Market Street, where they rent frcm 0the Supreme Laboratories. ' - , ' ' i !
_ stated they have maintained e satisfactory account _-bqb -with his bank with ba ances averaging $10,000 in 1915'; 35,600 in 1948, and mg
$6,200 in 1949. He stated they had bernouei$5,000 on two occasions, namely, '
October, 1948, which was repaid in November of 1948, and in October of 1949,
which was repaid in November of 19¢!. According to .a statement furnishedthe bank as of June 30, 1949, Balco Research had a net worth of $95,000. !
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The following interview was conducted by Special Iigents PAUL R. UALKHZ and THQERS ll. O'CONNOR:
DOUGLAS S, STUDY-IFORD, associate of the Ellis-Foster Laboratories, A
4 Cherry Street, Montclair, New Jersey, advised he had formerly been an 'officer in the Technical Research Laboratories formerly located at 92 Greenwood
Avenue, Montclair, of which ROBINSON was also an officer. STUDDIFORD advisedthat he first met ROBINSON during the discussions just prior to the formationof the Technical Research Laboratories. STUDDIFORD advised that the Laboratorywas primarily formed to make money, and, secondly, to conduct research in a project for the Government involving the developuent of a material to he usedas a coating for lenses to av_oid-fogging and scratching. STUDDIFOED stated
that the laboratory was formed in 1942 and that they sold out in August of1943 for the reason that they were not as nancially euocessil as they had _hoped. STUDDIFORD advised that he could not recall to whom the Laboratoryfacilities were sold but believed itwas s. Long Island concern. C" !
STUDDIFOEJ mrther advised that it was his recollection thatROBINSON was secretary of the Technical Research Laboratories Corporationand that he was,a man who was skilled in potent applications but-who was nota scientist and did not take an actual part in the research. ROBINSON, "- according to STUDDIFORD, was born in England and his present citizenship istunknowo to QUDDIFORD nor is he aware when ROBINSON first came to the United. _States, although ROBINSON had for some time prior to the formation" of thecorporation been employed by the Marx-Clarke Company ?! as a specialist in _patent matters. _ . . O ' Q I
Since the time of his association with ROBINSON, STUDDIFORD advised 'that he has seen him on several occasions and that ROBINSON is presentlyemployed for himself in the capacity of patent searc ing and patent application, _
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-shaving an extensive knowledge of how to apply for and search patents, parti-cularly with regard to foreign patents. 1' y Q!
= STUDDIFORD further advised that ROBINSON never lived in New Jersey
to his knowledge, presently lives in New York at an unkncvm address, and
continues his business in Midtown New York, possibly on 44th Street, .
STUDDIFORD further advised that he did not know of any travels or associates .
of ROBINSON and furnished the following physical description: U !
_ ' Age ~ Apprcximately 50
Height 6' 2" or 6' 3"
Weight 180-to 190
Build _ Slight '
Hair Dark and receding .
Characteristics Dark" mustache; narrow face; no' " _ , ' noticeable accent ' t .
STUDDIFORIJ further advised that he had had no reason to question '
ROBINSON's loyalty to the United States. . .' C/J
' In view of the obvious discrepancies between t 1 descrip-tions of ROBINSON and the Unknown Subject, also known as no furthe $3
investigation concerning ROBINSON is being conducted by e-. k Office at .this time " U
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ill investigation concerning HEEMAN ERNEST ICREE was conductedJointly by Special -agents PAUL R. ALKER and moms H. ovcomvoa. Q!
The records of the Credit Bu:92esu of Greater Newark, Inc" 24
Branford Place, Newark, New Jersey contained a report dated June 16,----191-8concerning HERNAN E. and ANNIE Lm=L_E__§$_;__SB Wax-field Street, Montclair, New
Jersey, wniTf*"£.[¢ _re ects the family is well réated in the vicinity and that
he is vice president of Resistoflex Corporation, Belleville, New Jersey. Thisreport further reflected that KIFIEBS has an account at the First National Bank U !in Nontclair. _ ' '
'I_Fhere was no other pertinent information contained in this report. Q!
Records of the District Court, Newark, New Jersey, reflected thatHEHMANN§:REBS arrived at the Port of New York on December 2A,_ 1936 aboard _
the SS NHATTAN, Certificate of Arrival No. 2511541. He filed Declaration
of Intention No. 43501 in tho United States District Court oi Newark onMay 6, 1937 under the name HERMAN HINEST ICREBS, 58 Warfield Street, Upper C!
Llontclair. His description was as follows: N
Race ' ~ White '
complexion Fair
Eyes _ - .' Brown
Hair Brovm
Height 5' e"
Weight ' 165
Born Berlin, Germany, May 2, 1902 ". Marital Status Married arms LOUISE March 1.4, 192§_,iK, -
e Berlin, eeim"a'e?*""" . - -----
Children - ILSE, born J_u]_.ye23, 1926, Berlin, V
Germany; GUENTHER, born September 12," 1930, Berlin, Germany Q1!
This Declaration of Intention contained a photograph of KREBS
apparently taken at about the time of the filing of the Declaration. Copies
of this photograph have been previously sent by letter to the Bureau and tothe New York and Boston Offices, _' I !
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t ' if i KREBS filed Petition for Naturalization I-Bo. 55403 dated Augdst 18,
3 ' 1942. His description on this Petition differed in so far as his date of
birth, which was reflected as May 7, 1902, and his weight as 180 pounds. N _
ltnesses on this petition were WALTER E. VOIGI-IT, 54 Warfield Street, Montclair, g New Jersey, and CURE E. STRETTON, 146 R.nod_e_Avenue, Nutley, New Jersey. - ' !!
TL!Files of this office reflected no identifiable information concern-
J_ ing VOIGHT and no information concerning SIREI'TON ' -
N ' HKREBS was granted Certicate of Naturalization at Newark on eé g January 11, l91»'3q _ _ ' _ I C!
I _ e The files of the District Court also contain the following informa_- I
tion concerning the subject's wife, ANNIE KREBS: L !
.',,_ ~92- ;;I Certificate of Arrival No." 2511542 showed her arrival at New York
; on December 24, 1936 aboard the SS MANHATTAN. She fi1ed- Declaration of 'CIntention No. 43500 under the name ANNIE LOUISE KREBS on"May 6, 1937. Her
I. description was as follows:. Q
Complexion - Fair I
Eyes Blue . Hair _ 5 Gray brown _ Height 5' 4"
Weight i ' 112
_____ Date of Birth January 18, 1901 _
Place of Birth Berlin, GermanyN e e 2
' She rnishedthe same information concerning marriage and children "
§;_rf_'f_1- as did H F . 0 She filed Petition for Naturalization No. 57232 on
Novmber 4, 1 42, and she took the oath of allegiance and was awarded Certifi- . cate of Naturalization No. 621.3016 on June _19, 1944. 0"!
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Q / D' F advised that he considered KREBS to be a very fine individualand t he has absolute confidence in his loyelt . He 1u_1jher advised that. g t - 810? {BORE
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Mr. and Mrs. ED E-HIS, he knows of no other "associates of KREBS
further stated that, to his knowledge, KREBS had never contemplated form
any other company - - 1.
- It is noted that EDGAR PEIERIS, referred to above, isthe President
of Resistoflex. -
. In this connection, it should be noted that it was alleged
was alleged to have contemplated forming his own laboratory in 1944.
described KREBS as five feet eight inches or five feet nine inches
fairly stocky build, about 1'70 pounds, no noticeable characteristics.
mm w. encore, aec North Fullerton Avenue, Montclair, New Jersey,
advised that he has known FZREE for many years and at the time he first met
KREE he, BROOKS, was employed as a cashier at the First National Bank in
Helleville, New Jersey. The Resistoflex Corporation, of which KBEBS is 'Vice President, borrowed money from the bank, and accordingly BROOKS was puton the Board of Directors and later resigned from the bank and gave his ull
time to the Resistoflex Corporation. However, BROOKS advised that he hasnot been associated with Rssistoflex forever a year. He stated that KREBS 1is a very fine individual for whose loyalty to the United States he wouldnot hesitate to vouch. He advised that ,i.n addition to being vice president,KREBS is also sales manager of the corporation and travels extensivelythroughout the country in all areas as the corpcrationia representative. !
BROOKS further advised that KREE is not a scientist but primarilya salesman and would not be capable of writing a chemical or scientific paper.KREBS, according to BRQOIS, associates mainly with people in Resietoflex and _with individuals he has come in contact with at various companies throughout AIthelfnited States. BROOKS said that many of these persons are also known to Vhim and that all of them have a high regard for KREBS. - . _. Q1}
V - - ;_92EiOOI@ further advised that, to his knowledge, @133 has made notrips outside of the United States since first arriving here from Germany:and that he has never considered setting up another laboratory. As far as 'characteristics are concerned, BROOKS advised that KREE has a very deniteand unmistakable German accent,, , ,TOPECRET P!
|- he has no informat oncerningany trips that may have been taken in the 10past by KREE. further advised that other than his association b
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_ Mr, BROOKS furnished photographs of mass taken August 25, 1944 in
connection with the ceremonies involving the awarding of the Amy and Navy"E" to the Resistoflex COI'pOI'3tj-W10 These photographs consist oi a fullface and a. left and a right profile oi KBEBS. Copies of these photographs have been previously furnished to the Bureau and to the New York and Boston !
Offices by letter. :l
In connection with KREBS, it is to be noted that an investigationof KREBS was conducted by the Newark Office in 1942 at the request of the WarDepartment under the character "Alien Fmplo ent - Aircraft AmmunitionsProduction; Special Inquiry War Departmentya, Bureau File 96-1098. This -investigation failed to indicate any disloyalty on the part of KREE and U!reflected no information of a derogatory nature concerning him.
Itishould be noted that '-Yashinggton Field by teletype dated February 13,
1950 advised that ANNIE KREBS was the daughter of HEINRICH PEIERLS and thesister of mmotsn PEIEBIS. -. U!
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_ aromas w. are-nxn was interviewed on February 24; 195O,.by Special
Agents CARLTON C. LENZ and JOHN R. LIONS at the Bell Talphnne Laboratories,
Murray Hill, New Jersey. He advised that he was acquainted with KDJUB FUUQduring his work at the atomic energy project at Los Llama, New Mexico. y?!
,HAMMIN3 stated that he and his wife knew FUCH in a social gr - '
way and that he knew him in connection with his work at Los Alamos. -HAMMING
advised that he end_his wife felt sorry for FUCHS due to the fact that he wasalone. Consequently, they included him in their parties on a few occasions. 6!!
HAHMING stated that he was attached to the Theoretical Division at
Los Alamos in charge of calculating machines and in connection with this work
did have contact with FUCH. HAMMINC desired to point out that he was not in
any way particularly friendly with FUCH and that FUCHS was inclined to associate
more frequently with persons in the top level in the project and also members ofthe British delegation stationed there. - " 1 - ;{!
_ HAMMING stated the following individuals were among FUCHS close
acquaintances and associates at_Los Alamost TONY SKYRM, who is now at the
Institute_of Advanced Study, Princeton; NICK METROPULIS, who is either atPrinceton or Los Alamos; AHTHCNY P. FRENCH, who is a British subject and is Qpresently in England. . _ ' !
Hi.-nnxwa stated that amour LI-!E.S.!.1' FRENCH, wife of mrmni FRENCH,
taught at the University of Illinois with HAMMINC and he became acquainted withFRENCH through his wife. HAMMING advised further that the FRENCHS purchased _
FUCH' 1939 gray Buick at Los alamos. They agreed to have the car overhauled
and then take a trip to western United States_and to New York before leaving
for England. HAMMING agreed with the FRENCHS to buy the car when they arrivedat New York and pay them the price they paid FUCHS plus one-half of the cost u!of the overhaul, " '
He stated that he bought the car from the FRENCH in September, 1946,
HAMMING stated that the details of the purchase of the car from FUCH werehandled practically exclusively by the FRENCHS. He stated that M-THJNY FRENCH Uis new a professor at Cambridge University." ' ,!
Concerning FUCHS,_HAMMING advised that he, HAMMING, arrived at Losalamos about UE Day and left 15 months.1ater. He stated FUCHS never gave him
any indication that he was a Communist and did not remember ever discussing _ '
Communism with FUCH. _He advised, however, that FUCHS had a great deal of 7 1"
knowledge concerning the atomic bomb and also was in on a great many discussions
concerning the proposed hydrogen bomb and he believes that FUCHS has more than
a smattering of knowledge concerning the hydrogen bomb. F Q!!'
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' HAMMING stated that he could not remember any trips taken by FUCHS
while he was at hos Alamoa. HAMIN also advised that he had talked the FUCHS
matter over with his wife and also with BROGECMY MG MILIAN, and his wife had
nothing f ther to offer; He stated BRDCKWAE MC MILLAN had been at Les alamosbut ¢1e1m:i§?aia not _know FUCHS.~ g ° !
92 ' HAMMING stated he did not know EVELYN KLINE, JEAN PARKER, OR ELIZABETHGRANT, who were reported to have been friends of FUCHS while at Les Alamos. ,!
HAMMING stated that he sold his cor about the first week of February,
1950, to CHARLES PFIBTER, a used-car dealer in Plainfield, New Jersey, having
92 advised that he never found anything in the car that could be credited as
having belonged to Doctor FUCHS but also stated that he had never removed theseats of the car, i. u ' 3!
. CHARLES PFISTE$h upon being contacted, stated that he sold the car
in question within a day or two after purchasing it from HAMMING to JUNE .
, MAG VIGKAR, who ownsthe has Vickar Dress Shop at 513d Park Avenue, Plainfield,
New Jersey. PFISTEB stated that he had no opportunity to thoroughly check the
oar and had only gone to the extent of cleaning out the inside, He also statedthat he had not removed the seats from the car to see if something might have $3!
become lodged underneath thed. - s ' . _
Miss MAG VIGKAR advised that she was aware of the fact that the car
had formrly belonged to FUCHS. She stated she had not gone over the car since .she purchased it, ' , . . = P5!
Special Agent CLARK D. TDMPKINS made a thorough search of the car _ including removal of seats and was unable to locate anything; 4 ' 92J,/
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description of MALCOLM ROBERTSON, whose name appeared in the notebook ofISRAEL HALPERIN, so that further e£i made to eliminate or establishhim as being identioa} with Unohem o éboth, ' _
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l show that on llovemb-or 16 and 1.9, 1,947, subject}, as 4 hhbef
I Q! the Bl'!.H.'lh Atomic Zlilblihléni Vhid H15 RP
search Lpboretory et 0.-,3. for prpnee or a1¢¢m-an; ewio-
trons, tyetetrona, and eynehfotrone. Imam activities end_
contact! set out. Subject -lllowed to View only npneullllifiei-'
3 ennui. Bubject bed eooill ientacte uitlillr. "GEORGE ELACZBK92 _ - new Inated at Institute ox} J.dwl'nu_ell Study, Princeton, {- -J.
' Subject leéitured -to members of Beeeaireh Lebomi-qty on p ml
and eotivit-lee of kitieh Atomic Energr Eetebl-iehmeut at
Harwell, England. G; 3- officials and ecientieta advised '
they were "em-prised by the u-reet of subject end" ltatee he
he-d_ given no .$n<1io.et1on either by word or not-ion that would
Justify lag Iuepioion of espionage Nativity on hie part. Th!G. E, 1-veoorde also show e personal vieit on 6/25/46 to Ir,
E155 BEER! at the Research Laboratory, '
Gepteh; 3-. c. Fmsrm, u. 3-a 3., Resident Inapeoimr of I-mi
+ - ileehinesgr, -echiaod that Captain 1;. A. m-om" Ira; the '1"o:_-met
V 1'-!'*5P.9°t°1 P-F $110 Genera} 55'-leotric Qompany in lovember, 1847.1 _,r_ ,7 _.~"_" Re tdvibem that e claw oi the Beqidont Inqpeotor -1e to gim-q " -4 ~'~, '~ an ou-the-spot iiaieon with the G I. company on Iwriigf
lenruree ed 919:--all production in connection with the '_ . -v- . g
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1 materiel Ind equipment; and nee not permitted to pita? z-eat:-ioted
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advised itwae the policy' of the General fdlectric Company to clear all visits-
oi foreign nationals through the International General Electric Company, a sub-
sidiary company, and that the I.G.E. made a practice of notifying the Inspector
of Naval Machinery of the intended visit of foreign nations-ls to the non-ré-y
stricted areas of the General Electric Company. He advised that-in effect,
approval by the Inspector to visit the plant was not an authorization, but
was merely a notification of visit given to him and in the absence of any ob-
jection on his part, mere acquiescence to the visit of the foreign national.Headvised that s foreign national would not normally be given clearance to
enter restricted areas where Government work was being conducted, and that the
ordinary, visitor would be allowed to view only non-classified material and
etiuipment. Be advised that Captain W. A. EOOKS would have no personal recol-
lection of the visits of the subject, but in the event that contact with him
should be desired, his address was as follows: CAPTAIN N. a. BROOKS, U.S.N.,
Supervising Inspector oi Navy lterial, 114 Marietta Street, N. __'ii., Atlanta,
Georgia. _
Captain FGRSYTHE advised that after a search of his records, he had re-
ceived inform-ticn from the office oi Hr. -PATRICK J. GEREY of the I.G,.E. that
the subject made two visits to the General Electric Company. On June 25, 1946,
subject visited a'Professcr BETHE of Cornell University at the Research Lab-
oratory apparently as a personal visit. On November 18, 1947, the subject, as
a member of the British Atomic Energy Research Establishment, visited Dr. H.
C. POLK./OCK of the Research Laboratory for a two day period, apparently to view
and discuss the 70 HEN Synchrotron. . .
Captain FORSYTHE stated that to the best of his imowledge the subject
would not have been allowed to enter any restricted areas where work on Govern-
ment contracts was being performed or to have entered the atomic Research area.
ll:-. PATRICK J. GARE! , assistant to the Commercial Vice-President, ~.,,
International General Electric Company, Building 56, Room 602, advised that-visits cf all foreign nationals were cleared through his office regardlessk-ni*=whether the visit wasjsponscred by the I.G.E. or the G. E. Company. He etdteg
the procedure was to secure infornnticn on the intended visit h-om available
sources and fill out e form, M-626 which would serve as notification to the
Inspector of U_. 8. U. lhterial that a foreign national intended to visit the
Schenectady factory of the G. E. Company; that in the absence of any objection
on their part, the visit would take place on iiie indicated date. GAREY advised
that upon the arrival of the visitor, the responsible official of the G. E.
Company who extended the invitation, would take charge of the visitor and upon
the completion of his visit, submit information on a form ii-629 which would
provide information concerning the nature of the visit. Upon receipt of this
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information, llr. GARE! advised they would again advise the Office of the'In-speotor of Havel Machinery of the report of visit. Hr. GARE! advised thatsince the establishment of the Atomic Energy program at Schenectady the SecurityOffice of the atomic Energy Commission has also received a copy of the Reportof e Visit of 9. Foreigz National. -
_ Mr. GARE! advised th t his reoordsshowed the following information onthe two visits of Dr. KLAUS5FUCHSs On play 39, 1946, the secretary to Dr. K.H. KINGDOM, Head of the iiuolecnios Section of the Research Laboratory, _tele-"
phonioally contacted Mr. GARE! '8 office to advise that a Professor BETHE of
Cornell University was visiting the esearch Laboratory for several weeks .during June, 1945, and that a Mr. , a British cititen conne_c_ted'.with'the Manhattan District Project at Los A amos, _N. M. planned to come to Schen-ectady for a conference with Professor"BE1I'IE at Building 5 in the -Research
Laboratory.,. nr. IHNGDOIWS secretary requested the usual clearance for thevisit c'f"'"FUCHS'to the Research Laboratory for a conference only with ProfessorBETEE. Mr. GARE! advised that his records "showed that the subject visitedProfessor BETHE at Building 5 in Dr. K. H. KINGDON'S office in the Researoh_
Labora-gqry on the -afternoon of June 25 and that this contact conisted of s
personal visit with Professor BETHE. - _ .. . - ' - D
. . I
Hr. oaanr further advised that his records showed that on November 1s,1947, the subject as a member of'the British Atomic Ens:-gr Research Establish-ment, visited Dr. H. c. POLLOCK of the Research Laboratory in Building '5 fora two day period. The report of visit showed that the '70 MEV Synchrotron wasD _discuss_ed_ and that nothing else was under discussion while the visitor has in
tbatpertiou1ar section of the Research Laboratory.-_ '_ -
. y -Ilr. GARE! advised from information in his file, it was apparent that
Dr. KLAUS FUUHS had originally intended to visit the_G. E. Company togetherwith Dr. H. W. B. SKINNER also of the British Atomic Energy Establishment,but that apparently SKINN£R'_was delayed and FUCHS came on as planned originally.GAREY. advised that on November 26, 1947, Dr. B. ET. B. SKINNER and Mr. L. G. - 92RALFE of the British Commonwealth Scientific Office in Washington, D. O.visited the-_G. E. Research Laboratory to view and discuss the 70 ME? Synchro-tron and thell. S. arny ir Corps synchrotron and other standard equipment inthe I-Ray Section such as X--Ray difraction equipment, mass spectrometer, andthe 100 IEEV Betatron. e - - - _¢_ _ _ - . .- ... _ H: ... . '_ n . I __ , .'___ '~ ._ . . --.- - _ _» .
. In-.. GA-REY advised that normally upon the visitor a_ foreign -national,they ?W°uld_ have some reoord of hotel reservations for the visitor, especiallyin viepr of a two day -visit, but stated that_in the case of both FUCHS and thelatter visit of SKINNHI and RaLFE-, _there wastno information available in his. ., , »-- - -. * 2 9 _ . _ .
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filee as to reservaticnsuhaving been made at a local hotel for these visitors»
He stated that, in his opinion, very probably Dr. H. O; POLLDCK of the Ro-
search Laboratory handled this matter. . -
Hr. GUSTAVE V. EDLUHD, Security Chief of the Schenectady area officeof the Atomic Energy Comaission, stationed at the Knolls Atomic Power Labora-
tory, Hislcayxma, advised that a search of his records reflected the twclabove
mentioned visits of Dr. W113 FUCHS in the form of Report On Foreign Visitors
memorandum received from I.-Ir. PATRICIC J. 'GAREl' of the International General
Electric. He advised that his office also had a record of the_later visit
of Dr. H. TI. B. SKINIIER also of the British Atomic Energy Establihment. Hr-
EDLUND advised that at the time of the visit of FUCHS and the later visit of
SKIZNH-ER, his office had contacted Dr. POLLCCK of the Research Laboratory and
made it clear that thee visitors could not be brought on to the facilities
of the Atomic Energy Power -laboratory and that they were to be allowed access
only "to non-classified areas of the Research laboratory. EDLU!iDostated thatin November, 1947, most of the activity and equipment of the'Atoi:1_ic Power "
Laboratory was located at the Peek Street Installation of the G.- E. Company.
He advisedl that he was sure that FUCHS Jfvas not permitted access "to this areas
_ _ |92 if . hi
snnmo advised that at the tine or the visit of Dr. 1,='scHs.1=e.n-1e
Research Laboratory in June,-1946, tokvisit Dr. BETHE, plans had just beenformulated for the G. E; company to take "over from the Dupont Company Atomic
Power Research at Schenectady. He advised at this time the Ge E; was justbeginning to select a few men from their Research Laboratory for work on
this project. E e advised that there were no materials orequipnent of a ,
classified naturein the area atthat time. He advised that at that time Dr.arms jwes an Acting Consultant to the General Electric Company during the F
formulation of plans for-.Atomic Poiver Research at -Schenectady and that it washis opinion that Dr. FUCH_S,. having worked under Dr. BETHE at Les Alamos, was
merely ;;aying"a eersonal visit before his departure to England. a_, ..-_ ,1
- l!z~. EDLUID also advised that during the visit of the subject in
November, 1947, to view the various atom smashing devices in the Research
I5-bO2B-'bOI'Y;'h6 probably had considerable contact with Dr. GEORGE PLAGZEK,assigned to theoretical problems in the Physics Division of the Research Lab,EDLUND advied that PLACZEK was an internationally known theoretical physipitwho had worked with Dr. BETE and the subject at Les Alamos, EDLUND advisedthat PLAGZEK was presently at the Institute of Advanced Study at Princeton 'University; that he was a member of the Declassification Conmittee of the Atomic Energy Commission; that he had been cleared by the AEO in the Schenectadyarea and that he had impressed him as being a loyal, discreet, and security
minded individual. - K -
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Captein! J, S, £'.Vi=1¥S, General Electric Security Officer, Knolls
Atomic Power Labcretory, advised after e check of his recordsthct the sub-
ject did not gain access to the Atomic Power Le.horetory- in November, 19479
It is pointed out that in June, 1946, at the time of the visit oi Dr, FUCHS
to see Dr, BBTHE at the Research Laborator;'y,'rcm_otain J. -S. EVANS wee then
Resident Inspector of Naval Liachinery assigned to the General Electric Company,
He advised that he had no recollection of this visit of the subject, and
stated that foreign nationals visited h6'-_G.' E, Company every day and that =
the forms. received £1-om the I-GE. Company concerning these visits were purely
routine in the absence of any derogatory iniorn-etion connected with the in- -
tended visitor. - '
mu details of the report of the visit of the subject with Dr, sass
BETHE on June 25, 1946, at the _Resea.rc_h Laboratory is contained in the report
of SA PETER F. mxsou dated Fobruai-y_l7, 1950, at Albany.
For the purpose o£'_cle.1-ity, the following organizational chart
listing personnel in pertinent. sections ci_ the Research Laboratory of the .General Electric Company as e"! November, 1947, is set out below;
assesses msoimrcer
Dr. C_. G. SfiITS, Vice President and Director
_ R. TI. LARSON; Administrative Assistant to Director ~
PHYSICS DIVISION '
4 .
Theoretical Problem "
Dr, G. PLAGZEK Nuclear Studies
W. C. HAHN Electronics
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Dr. 11. F. rrssrsmzonr -
Dre Ga C. '
Dr. F. R. cross "-
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or. R. v. L- .NG1.1UIR
E. J. LETITOH
Dr. 1:. 1.. HBRIJLUI
Dr. e. van use cnmwssD'I'e H.'G¢ 'OI _ _
In charge of section. _
Synchrotron Project
Betatron and Electron Acceleret
{Radiation and Nuclear Physics
Synchrotron
Electron and X-Ray Generators
Radiation and Nuclear Physics
Synchrotron ~
Linear Accelerator -
Radiation Chemistry
Emulsion Detection of Particles
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Dr. H. HURTIITZ
Dr. w. R. mums _
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Atomic Power Laboratory .- -
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Associate Project Leader
Metallurgical Projects
Chemical Projects -.
General Chemistry -
Pile Physics
Theoretical
Chemical Analysis
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atom smashing devices such as the cyclotrons, betstron, and synchrotron had
proved highly valuable in nuclear research, and that for a period of time
during the war, the bstatrcn was classified equipment. He stated at that
tine, the 70 L3.-V Synchrotron had been just completed under the direction of
Dr. POLLOCK and that at that time they received visits from may scientists
interested in viewing and discussing the machine. ,
Oi possible interest iaa press release in the September,--1946, -
publication oi the G. E. Company News at Schenectady, stating that the General
Electric Research I.ebcratcr'y had announced a new type of atom-smashing device.
This article stated anew and compact type of atom-smashing device called a
synchrotron, capable of hurling electrons at energies of at least 70,000,000
volts, was nearing completion at GEIS Research Laboratory in Schenects.dy._ It
was being constructed under e. contract with the Navyls Office of Naval Researc h
The details ofrthis device were revealed to the American Physical
Society by Dr. ERBERT C. POLLOCK, who reported for a six-can GE research _
teem consisting of Dre. R. v. I.-KIIGIIUIR, F, R. EIDER, .1, g._s1.§_:wsgr, A. 1:.
GIIREITITSCH and R. L. WATERS and P<LL<IJK. I .
Continuing. the article stated a Russian physicist, V. VEI$IER, and.
E. 11. I-.isc1IILLA1I of the University of California, independently proposed the
apparatus known as the synchrotron, which applies certain principles of the
cyclotron to electrons. It was found that the successful use of such equip-
ment depends upon the possibility of bringing electrons to levels of several
million volts before they are subjected to the cyclotron type oi acceleration.
General Electric soientits have devised means by which this initial
energy may be imparted by the some principle as in the betatrcn.- This is,
another type of atom smasher, of which several have alre».-_dy been built in
the G. E. Research Laboratory. The new Schenectady synchrotron, which thus "uses'£_irst the principle of the betatron, and then the principle of the cyclo-
tron, will probably be the first in operation in the United States,
Dr. s:-assess c. POLLGZK in charge of the Synchrotron Project in the"X-ray Section oi the Research Laboratory advised SA J_. IIUJAPD CARIBON and the_~m-iter that he had recalled the visit oi the subject at the time of the nei;
paper publicity following his arrest in cngland. Be stated, however, that hehad no vivid recollection oi FUCHS and he made no great impression upon him
and that he recalled him as only one of many fcreigi scientists uho came to
view and discuss the newly completed 70 LEV Synchrotron.
92 _ Upon searching through various items of correspondence, he was able
to produce all available in£'crmatien' covering the occasion of the visit of
Dr. FUCHS to the G. E. Research laboratory. This correspondence is self-e::-
planetary and is set out below; p .- _ -.
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"BRITISH COHLUNWEALTH SCIENTIFIC OFFICE
Imited Kingdom Scientific Mission
1785 Iteseachueette Avenue} He We
Washington s, 1!. c.
October 27, 1947
"Please quote
File H00 135-69-'1 _
"General Electric Company
Research laboratories
chenectady 5, New York -
_ etteetieeie Dr. H. e. 1=-meek
"Dear Dr. Pollock; " . _- __ . 1 r ,
"Dr. H. 1!. B. smmmn of the etereie Energy Reeeerch Establishmentin England is visiting U.S Jae and is BXpBcbe to arrive here on the 1st -NDVQDIBBIQ I
-"He has asked us to include in '1-zie itinerary e visit to the GeneralElectric Company on the l7th1Iovember for the purpose of discussin c 1 t ig ye o rcne _anrlbetatrone with your, He will be accompanied by Dr. K. FUCHS of the above "mentioned Eetee11e1ueee*E. "
- "Ue have aaleed. the Atomic Energy Commission to give us formal clee;- rancefor Dr. SII1I~IHER'S end Dr. FUCHS visit and we will, therefore, apwreciate itif you will advise -us that the proposed date is convenient te you. i
. Yours sincerely, --
'_, L. GIwe/tn" J
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_ "October 31, 194'!
British Commcmrealth Scientific OfficeUnited Kingdom Scientific Hissican 1785 Massachusetts Ave.-, H. ET.
Washington 6; D. G. '
. 1' 41» » 1 Attention ; L. c.ne1re' "*.~.T£P°e=l's11¢e».|~llIi,,' 'J..92|-nullrr
Dear Sire; - 4 - -I -
This is to. reply to 3.ett_ers_e£' Oct. 27 calling our attention _to the proposed visits of Dr. H".~-lhh §;»ySKJ?-IIIER and Dr. K. FUCHS of the - _ 'British Atomic Energy Research Istabltshlhent November 17 to discuss eyele-trons, synchrotron: end betatrons; ed tlfi -proposed visit later in November _by Dr. J. H. MIBERY to discuss the some =s92_>3¢'e'i=s~. t . '
We shall look forward with pleasure to seeing _these gentlerqehn.Ihctc that you have requested the Atomic Energy pcorueisaicn to give £o':"mal. clearance for these visits. The work here on synlmrbtrone is being carried.out for the Office of Havel Research rather than the Atomic Energy Uemnissionand accordingly, the request for permission should have been referred to thatoffice. It so happens that Dre. mmw and LIDDEL, of the orrie-app:-itavsi Research are here at th, e present time and they tell me that the Office ofNaval Research is snare of the plans of these gentlemen to visit this bountryand approves their seeing the work which we have in progress. I hcpe'tha.tthis letter, copies of which are being sent to the interested parties, myserve to put on record the plans for these visits. »
Very sincerely,
. H. C. PCLIDCK RESEARCH IABORATORY
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"November 11', 1941
"Dr. H. Th B. SKIIIIER
0/O Hr. Donald Watson A
- NRC laboratory _
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Ontario, Canada,
Dear Skinner; - ' -
- "I received yonr letter of November 16 this morning and notethat you now plan to come on the 26th of November. That date is entirely
convenient for us, and I shall look forward to eeing you again. Hr. RALFEjust telephoned me that he would probably accompany ~'_92,'rou..
"1 shall. 1»: PLAOZEK know of y<>ur"p1a'n=' end: 1 expect he will behere since he has just returned from a. trip to Europe.
- ' Yours sincerely,
n. c. Pollock ' nnsmmcn uuaonmonx
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Dr. POLLOCK advised that Dr. H. W. B. SKDINER of the British AtomicEns:-g_ Establishment had planned to make the original visit with FUGH8 and thatupon the occasion of a delay in the itinerary or Dr. SKIN!-IEH, FIZCHS came onas originally planned and Dr. SKINNER and a Hr. L. G. RALFE of the British ' 'Comsigqw ealth Scientific Office, came on a week later. He advised that heDr,",_!§I1mEli personally having worked with him at the Radiation Laboratory pt ";_é'*-IBerkeley", California. He stated that he remembered his visit very well due"-1' possibly to his friendship with SKIRNER and due to the fact that SKINNER wasthe types of a man to make himself known in any audience. He advised that the
British were building a synchrotron at Oxford, England and that the visit of 'SKINNER and FUCHS was to aid them in this work. He stated, however, that inconnectionwith the visit of FUCHS he had no recollection that it was anythingmore than lnkordincary visit and expressed surprise when he was advised thatFUCHS had spent two days at the G. E. Compaq; and had planned to spend twodays apparently at the _Research Laboratory.
' Dr. POLLOCK checked" his personal notebook which he maintained on
visitors and found that he had made no notations on either November l8 or 19during the subject's visit and stated that apparently, FUCHS had mde no in-pression on Kin and had no particularly important infcrsntion to offer- Headvised, however, that on the date of November 18, Dr. ROBERT V. LARGMUIR,formerly associated with him on the synchrotron project, had made severalnotations-on the progress oi the machine. Dr. POLLOCK stated that it was quitepossible "that Dr. LANGMUHI had escorted the subject through. the Laboratoryand had explained the various particle accelerators to him. ' ' H ' '-
Dr. POLLOCK stated that he -had no knowledge of the fact that thesubject gave an informal talk in the lecture room, Room 408 in Building 1P5!on progress at Harwell to various members of the Research laboratory untilthis fact was called to his attention shortly after the newspaper publicityon the_;arrest of FUCHS. Dr. POLLOCK stated that it was quite possible thatDr. GECRGE PLACZEH, a theoretical physicist who was doing some Work in_thog_Research Laboratory at the tine, possibly might have arranged this lecture '-by FUCHS.» He also advised that upon reflection, and in view of the mention -_-:-,of PLACZEK in ithe above quoted correspondence, that he recalled that H.-AGZ§I _had worked rat Los Alamos at the same time FUCHS was assigned there. He ads»,vised that Dr. PLAQZEK could be contacted at the Institute of Advanced Study,"but also stated um» in an probability, 1?1aczsK's memory wane be so betttrthan his own concerning the visit of the subject. - Dr. POLLCCK advied umat t_hq._ time, they had numerous foreign scientists visiting the Research Laboratory to view the synchrotron, and on many occasions when scientists 2,
were visiting Schenectady to possibly view the va_rious_ areas of the Atomic --Power laboratory, and when clearance could not be arranged or was not possible",
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the scientists would be directed to the I-ray Section of the Research Laboratory,Building 57-_;for a tour of the non-'-classified atom smashing devices. Dr.POIJWQK advised he -had no knowledge of any arrangements made in behalf of thesubject for hotel;-lodgings. Dr. POLLDOK advised he would attempt to refreshhig;:s§m_ory92cn thevisit of -FUCHS and would gladly furnish any intonation of
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Di-'2 F. K; mmzni and or. A. M.-cuaovxrscn, Research Associates, .
assigned tokthe sy_nchrctron-pro;!e0t_. advised that they had no knowledge of thevisit;of thefsubject to the Research Laboratory until advised by their _oo-worker;a£_fter__"the publicity concerning subjectis 'ar'r'est'._ They both suggested that. -Pédafply Dr ROBERT VJLAHGMUIR, who presently isyorking at the Radiation
pghoratory, California Institute of Technology, should be contacted in this
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Dr. xzmnztre Hlmmccor in charge of the Atomic Power Division of
the Research Laboratory new located at the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory, _ -
llisknyuna, advised thathe first heard of the visits of FUCHS to the Research _
Laboratory from his Associate Project leader Dr. HARVEYIBROOKS who advised him ,shortly after the publicity concerning FUCHS arrest that FUCHS had actually. ' 'lectured at the G. §-. Research Laboratory several years previous. Dr. KINGIJON '
also advised that he had no knowledge of the subject's visit in June, 1946,with Dr-. HANS A. BETHE which apparently took place in his office in BuildingT5 of the Research Laboratory. He stated at that time Dr. BETHE who was
Acting Consultant on the Atomic Power project, used space in his office and
that he personallyrwould not have had occasion to know of the visit, unless
BETHE had seen fit to mention it to him or to introduce the visitor to him.
KIHGDOH advised he had no idea who possibly might have arranged
the lecture by the subject, but stated that it was quite the custom and
practice of the Research Laboratory upon the visit of a distinguished-visitor
to secure a conference room and call a meeting of various interested people
and to attempt to secure some information of value from this visitor. He -advised such discussions between scientists usually proved mutually beneficial.KINGDON stated he had no idea where the eub;]"ect might have, stayed during his -
visit in Schenectady, but thought it was quite possible that he might have .been the guest of Dr. GEDRGE PLAGZEK. _ _. - ' - _ - _ 1 » 1
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Mr. R. W. LARSON, Adisinistrative Assistant to the Director of the
Research Laboratory, Room 54l_-A, Research Laboratory, advised that he had no . _
personal knowledge of the irisit of Dr. KLAUS FUCHS. He advised that he had "
been recently notified by -Dr. KINGDOH that _1=UGHS apparently had visited the
G. E. Compaq and had given a lecture at the Research Laboratory. Upon a
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search cfhis records, Mr. LaRSOlI.located copies of the previously quoted ,correspondence concerning the intended visit of FUCHS. He advised that after '=checkiag the p_ers'cna'1'calendar of Dr. 0. G. SUITS, Director of the Research _Labcgatory, that the later was out of townand would not have had occasion to 1meei_{'D§'. FUCHS.. Mr. LARSON stated he had no idea where the subject might have f.stayed, during his visit and stated that it _was possible that he might havebees;-"the guest oi Ir. PLAGZEK. He stated that in the event hotel reservationsvqé_re'1aa_de, he would have stayed either at the Fan Curler Hotel or the lower -Mohawk Club. Hr. LARSON stated that Dr. PLACZEK submitted a request for leaveoi absence about a year ago to continue studies and that he was presently lo-cated at the Inetituteof advanced Study, Princeton, H. J. IARSON stated thatPLACZEK was a brilliant theoretical physicist, but that he was e "pure scientist?and that he might be termed e. non ccnformist to the ordinary way of living.
y '_A check of the reoordsci the Van Curler Hotel, Washington Avenue, 'the Foster Hotel, 508 State Street, and the Mohawk Club, 1 North Church_Street,failed to reflect that the subject resided there during his visit in November,. ' ' - ' ' '. ' ' . ' h II. v ' - l - - _, ,. _. .
. Dr. HARVEY Ei0_OKS,..assooiate Project leader cf the Knolls atomic 'Power Laboratory, adtised that he recalled the visit oi FUCH$ and had attendedthe lecture given by him at the Research Labo ratory; He, stated that he myalso have attended a general luncheon with thesubjeoifas i_s'|the'.custom withvarious visiting scientists and that he, himself, may possibly have asked him 'to give a lecture on the progress at Harwell. He stated that "he '-was located __at the Peek Street installation of the Atomic Power Laboratory and that he had 'to go to Building 3? in the Schenectady Works to attend the lecture which about30 people associatedfeith the Research Laboratory attended. -He stated that g - 'FUCHS spoloe mostly of" the p'lans and the various theories under considerationat Harwell at that time and although he talked for approximate1y'three quartersor an hour, failed to give any practical lnifcrmtioh; He .adsed that the.G . E. 'scientists were prevented by the; provisions of the ;Lto_m_i_c Eiaergy Act from dis--_cussing any classified informtlon with FUCHS, and thatthe complete discussionwas rather one aided and comparatively uniuiormative.' HQOOKB stated that he 'had no idea there FUCHS may have; stayeddduring his visit to Schenectady, but _suggested that various members [cf his group who had known FUCHS at Lee Aiangsmight be contacted. He stated that l_!R'S.":-GEORGE Pmczax HENRY mazes on -*'-- -'- kaxcsmm EHRLIO_H,.a-nd mom smm had prior acquaintance with races ' T"?. K
Dr. EIEZNRY HI1RWITZ,' Jr-.,' Knolls atomic Ifower Laboratory, stated thathe recalled the vi'sit_ot Dr. FUCHS quite 11911, Be stated that he hacfworkedin one of the associated theoretical gr-ou§I'_ with FUCHS at Lee -alamoe and mg".limited contact with him at that time. He, stated he had little or no contact]socially with FUCHS. He advised he attended -the lecture given by FUCHS at 1'1:e '_ -I .- _I _ ._' I. _'_
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4 if _ THOMA SN!DEi,.Kno'1ls Atomic Power Laboratory; advised he recalledthe visit of FUCHS and had attended the lecture but could provide no other _"information of interest concerning his visit. He "stated hekmIFUCHB Justslightly from Los alemos and had little or no contactlwith him at that instal-lation. C ' ' '1' " '_!.: . 92 7 . D _
" _ . Dr. JOHN R. STERN, Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory, advised that he.¢'e"..11.{e the visit ci_FUCHS and had attended the lecture given by him. Healso produced notes oi this lecture which we're" dated November 1'9, 1947, whichindicated that'F'UCHS actually had stayed two days at Schenectady. - Prior toreceipt of this information, there had been no actual proof that FUCHS hadactually agent his_intended two day period at Schenectady. Dr. STEM statedhe had no "idea how this lecture had been arranged or under whose sponsorship.lie could "furnish nothing further pertinent to the visit or subject.
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' _ c LIJNI TONKS,_Knol"_1s Atomic 1'-oer Laboratory, advised that he re-called hi's various associates discussing the visit of FUSES at the time of hislecture at the Research Laboratory. He stated he, himself, personally did' t att d 'j__no_ _ on the lecture and hadpot met FUCHS at all. ' K -
5 1~1m11t' saa1u>,"c;' e. Reception Office, seheeecteey we-15., advisedthere were no records ava_ilabla_o'n visitors who may have contacted the G. E.Prior'tol949. "' T -' e- "
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Dr. HERBERT C. POLLOCK, Research Laboratory, was reoontaoted and headvised that he had contacted various members of his staff and that -nobodyrecalled escorting Dr. FUCHS through the I-ray Section of the Laboratory. Bastatiid that either he, himselif, must have done it or that possibly, Dr. ROBERTY.'¬TJaHGMUIR who is now at the California Institute of Technology, may havehandled the assignment. He stated that in view of the fact that he had nolmcwledgs of any arrangements made for over-night lodging for FUCHS, that itwas quite possible that FUCHS had some personal Iriend at the B. E. Company who
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could have made these arrangements for him upon a personal request i'romFU }§$_,He-advised 11: was quite possible that Dr. cannot Pmczax might have 1nv1ee<['=.f-1"FUQES to stay at his home. He stated that PLACZEK was a well traveled man; --had friends in many sections of the country and in many cotintries in Europe; 'also, that he had quite e. habit oi taking various visitors to his home. Hei statecbthat he recalled that Dr. SKIIIHER the had orginally planned to no-loo? lthe visit with FUCHS was a close friend of Dr. PLHCZEK and that possibly, in
view of his friendship for SKINNER, PIACZEK very possibly invited FUCHS to "
his home even though he my not have known hit very well-personally.
Dr. W. V-AH DER EIIIPIEH, Research laboratory -stated that he recalledthe visit of FUCHS and that he had attended the lecture given by him in theResearch Laboratory. He stated that FUCHS talked for app:-oximtely one hour, -but didn't say much, nevertheless, he considered him to be. c brilliant ,scientist. - 'e -_ _- » - .
Hr. P. 0. NOBLE, Hssearbh Assistant, Research Laboratory, advisedthat he had no knowledge of the visit oi Dr. FUCHS to the Research Laboratory;
V law, J. C. VAN DEUSEN, Accounting Division, Research Laboratory, .Building 5, Room 403, after a search of his records produced a voucher covering
the submission of a luncheon check which was charged to Dr. GEORGE PLACZEK orthe Reeearch Laboratory. This voucher indicated that on November 18, 194?, _
PI.-ACZEK had the following guests; HIRWITZ, EHRLIGH, WILSON and K. F.
Dr. HENRY HIEGIIIZ was not available for reinterview having leftfor a two week vie it to the atomic Power laboratory at Banrord, Washington.
e Dr. RICHARD EHRLIGH, Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory, advised that
he recalled very well the visit of Dr. HAUS FUCHS in November, 19157. He .
stated that he had worked in the same group of theoretical physicists underHAHB BETEE at Lee Alamos with the subject and had considerable contact withhim. He stated that his wife had also known FUCHS at Loo Alamos having workedwith an IBM machine group which-had contact with FUCHS group at the project. _He stated that he recalled when FIRES visited here in Schenectady that bot}!he and his wife "wanted to have him come to their home for dinner, but tlrzlaiy,--,,some previous plan of FUCHS had interfered. He stated that he re-called t Fl!!//3luncheon attended by rmczsx, amwirz, Dr. mum wmeou, fulHe etated itwas a poop assembled by PLACZEK being e group of scientists E #1;/$ owho had known and had contact with each other at Loe Alamo. He stated tbhthe attended thrlecture given by 1-cons, but could not recall how 11; ma eefeearranged. He stated it was quite possible that PLACZEK may have arranged ',tbut that PLAGZEK was not normally the administrative or organising type. gostated that he was quite hazy in his recollection about the following details
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but that to the best of his knowledge, after that luncheon on Tuesday, November
18, FEES, PLACZEK and himself went to the Research Laboratory, Building 3?,
and viewed the various accelerator machines. He stated that FUCH8 paid special
attention to the newly completed I0 MEV synchrotron. He stated to the best of
hiakncwledge, Br. ROBE! V. I._-ANGMUIR acted as a guide on his visit through '
the X.-ray Section of the Laboratory. '
- _ Dr. EERLIOH also stated that he had _a faint recollection that while
in the I-ray Section of the Research Laboratory, that FUUHS stopped to renew
or to exchange greetings with two.s_cientists'whom he had known at Les Alanna,. . nainely Dr; GERIiaRDl FRIEDLMIIDER and Dr. MJRRIS L. PERLMAH, both of whom were' A assigned to the Radiation Chemistry Division of the I-ray Section. EHRLIOH
' advissfd that shortly after this, he departed for his office at the Peek Street-. Installation fend did not see FUCHS until he attended the lecture the next' afternoon at" the lecture room, Room.4'O8, Building 37 in the Research laboratory.' ' lie stated that he had hoped to renew social acquaintance with FUCHS during his
"visit, but his recollection was that he was unable to do so because of priory W:o_1:mitments_ by FUCHS. ERLIOH stated that he has very much surprised at the arrest of'FUGHS on espionage charges and stated that in all his contacts with_ him at Les Alanos, he never had any reason 'to"suepect him of espionage activity.l he stated that he never engaged in any political discussions" and had never5 Vaxpressed any ideas to indicate any odisaffection for his responsibility in§ - _
tonic research. EHRLICH stated that FUCHS had few social acquaintances and that while at Lcs alasses, his most constant associates 1IereDr. RUDOLPH _PEIHlLS . " oi th_e'Britiah Atomic'Energy Establishment and Dr. ROBERT A. MARSHAK, who is
now presently assigned to the Physics Department at the University of Rochester.
"' . ' mi-st. mm» tmlinica, 151': Balltoyin n£=.g'_, gone provide no additional
- informs-tion of interest concerning the ai:_tiYi,t_ies' and_icontacts.c1' FUCHS, and
stated that she did recall that the reason that they could not entertain FUCHS_-. in their atthe time oi'.his visit was due to the tact he planned to staywith Dr. GECRGE PLACZEK. ' t ' ' _ "__
. Dr. O.'WIIS_ON, Rese'arch_L'ab,oratory, advised he recalledthe visit er n1-_. mus FUCHS very wen. ' He stated that hehad known FUCHS "
at Loe Alamos and had limited contact with him at -that project. He stated
that he attended Ithepreviouely mentioned _luncheon.as a, guest of PLACZEK,' which he stated was e. get-together ct'£orsie_r _!i'i'e_nd_s n-em Lee Aiamos. He _stated that it was ,Q1l11ie_ possib1e'that FUCHS pr_oba_bly stayed ever-night withPLACZEK inasmuch as"'that'to the best er his knowledge, FUCHS spent most of -histime with P1AGZEK,during his visit at Schenectady. _ ' 2
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'Refei_-enqed Butcl dated February 7, 185?: advised that information
received me the"§'tomic her-gr iioinnisnion re_1'lected that on November 18, 194'!
subject was authorized to visit the General Electric Company, Schenectady, _ _ '
H. Y. by Captain W. A. BROOKS, U. S. 1% :Ii"1speo'tor_o£ Maohzi-nos Bf» _1=hq,-Genero1
Electric Company. This office was requested to obte_,1'_n ._a1l. available infor-mtion at the General Electric Oompanyccncerning the subgect, particularly,
the identity of persons contacted, activities at,-the plm . .9-.5111 theeeturs of _information made available to him. 'F92 '_ i I . ,.. I '
U As a result of the foregoing investigation, the following summary of
the known activities and contacts of the subject is set out; '-
, _ . _ -
_ Dr, KIAUS FUCHS arrived at the G. E. Company on the morning of
Tuesday, November. 18¢ ' He had luncheon in_Atl1.s G. E. cafeteria, Building 2, as
s. guest of Dr. GEORGE PUSZEK along Iqith Doctors EIFJIRY E[R*.'92II'1Z,"JR. RICHARD .
EERLICH, and VOLNEY O. WILSOII. {this luncheon was apparently arranged by
FLAGZEK withthe purpose 0'! bringing together for FIRES various scientists
that he had lmown at Los Alomos. _0n that afternoon, to the best recollection -
of Dr. neutron, FUCHS visited. in Building rat, Research Laboratory", with
PLACZEK and $1.168 and viewedl and discussed with either nrs. B31538! 0. POLLOCK,
or ROBERT V. IANGMUIR, the various accelerators in the-X-ray Section of the _
Research Laboratory. Theeejatom smashing machines, namely, the cyclotron, -the
betatren, and the synchrotron, were not classified equipment. The records oi
Dr. HGILICH reflect that FUCHS had a short visit with Dre. GEHHARDT FRIEDLANDER
and-MORRIS L. PERLMAN, Radio Chemists assigned to the I-ray Section of the i
Research Laboratory, who had also worked on the project at Les Memos while
BUCKS was there. To the best oi his knowledge, this visit with FRIEDLAHDE1 and
P£RI_.w.N_ wee a short casual visit. It is believed that FUCHS stayed over-night
at the residence of Dr. GEORGE PLAGZEK at 918 St. David's Lane and very probably
spentthe Morning of November 19 with him. at approximately two or three RJE.
in the afternoon, FUCHS gave no minute to one hour talk on activities and"?-
plans of the British Atomic Energy Establishment. at Harwell, England in the ,
lecture room, 408, Building 37 of the Research "I.-aborator;y._ FUCHS was not ~
ported" seen at the G. E. Company subsequent to November 19'. The time or methcdfoi arrival or departure of FIDHS from Srgaeneotady at that time is not known*,f' "
. 5,.
Bureau teletype dated Febru L17, 1950, advised that persons in the Hr,
U. S. appearing in the subjeots eputize books and notes included one '-'=
PLUSACK U!, 918 St. -David's Lane, c enectady, H. Y. _Thie person is identiclli
with Dr. GEORGE PLACZEI, 986-530,5, Bureau file 118-89109, internationally known "
theoretical physicist not located at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton,
.-11...
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MORRIS L. PE?.LM+LN with whom the eubjeot in reported to have briefly
visited, is identical with MORRIS LEONARD PERLHAN-15-46746 who was investigated
by the Albany office in October, 1947, under the AEA in connection with hi!
application for employmentaa a aoientiet.at Brookhaven Hetionaiiaboratory,
Patch!! No Y ' Igue, .., Bureau file 116-331.89. PERLMAN was employed as a radio ohemiet
in the Ree-eeroh Laboratory, G. E. Company, Schenectady, from February 25, 1946 A
to Auguet 51, 1948, when he resigned to take another position. He had beenformerly employed by the University 01' California at the Radiation Lab t l_ ora ory
at Berkeley, Calif. from 1941'to 1943, and at the Los Alamo: Laboratory from1945 to 1946. ' ' t -~ - A
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an
known to this offioe. - .. _ ' -
_ V / JOH1§ P. ELETETT; Bureau file 116-557, mentioned as'5io:_'_:ner1y employed
.. I _ an a' physicist in the Research Laboratory assigned to the synchrotron project
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At Princeton, R. J.
Hill contact_Dr. GEORGE PIACZEK, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton -
University, for all information in his possession concerning visit of subject
at Schenectady, H. Y. on November 18 and 19, 1947., for the purpose of vie!!-
ing; and discussing the cyclotron, beta-tron and synchrotron at the Research
- Laboratory, Bldg. 5 and 37, G. E. Company, Schenectady, H. Y.
1493 N $3133. QEFJPE -
At Pasadena, Calif. .
Will contact Dr. ROBERT V. IANGMUIR, Radiation Laboratory, California
Institute of 'leohno1ogy,' for all information in his possession concerning -
the vieit of eubject at Schenectady, H. Y. on November 18 and 19, 1947, for
the purpose oi viewing and discussing the cyclotron, betatron and synchrotron
at the Research Lab., Buildings 5 and 37, G. E. Company, Schnectady, II. Y.
THE ALBANY OFFICE , '
-Iqu-III-IwIiI|i|li1I|iIIlIlIIIIIIIIIIl
" its .5?.l.9".'?°!9'_dl# Ell; ' '
Will. conduct remaining investigation in this oase.|'
.-
Oopiea of this report have been designated for the Boston Office in view
of the pending investigation being conducted by that office in this ease.
References: Bureau file 11365-58805 '
' ' - Bureau teletype to Albany dated 2/1/50.
~ ammy tale-type to Bureau dated 2/a/so.
1 .
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U1 It . . _
_ I-gauhn. ! . _ _ _ , ! . .. -{'!]C6' Memorandum - UNITED s'm'fEs GOVERNMENT
T0 1 Ir. R. '1'. Harbo g» _ Mm February 1'7, 1955
F105! : 92
UBJECT:
Reference is made to a. memorandum from Hr. '=R__1_itsog_ _ _=_-_
to Hr. Fletcher dated Februa 10, 1950, requesting translationsor correspondence of KRIS'I'EE'££1NHANN which was furnished to
the Bureau by the Boston Of ice. A portion of these documents
e documents have now been reviewed and six copies of the}
6 Hp ranslations are attached hereto. For your information, Boston {A *2 92 as not been furnished copies of these translations since it is "
is desired. lbs original documents submitted by the Boston
Office have been furnished separately to Supervisor E. J. Van
Loon of the Security Division. ' 92-
. It is noted that according to Boston's letter of
February 9, 1950,. these documents were supposed to have *
included letters addressed to KRISTEL HEINBJANN from her
brother KLAUS as well as from other members of her family.
A careful review 01' each of the documents has failed to dis-
close any letters passing between KLAUSQUGKS and KRISTEL
HEINELIANN. "--'--"-' - .
ttaohment
ALL WFORMATION CONTAINED /'NA" M "Gm, HERBN1 uscmssmsn '_ 1g_AT£_/QgLB'1s_<>sl_=iE_§~>T/ Imw5!-87
<>v~°"°'31 92@£7£§g50 / ~vs. .3? EW%,sU92/
FYxuui 92 2 in..,...-.-1.-._.
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_ . _ E _ A,g,;».,%~L92_1- felt the Security Division should effect whatever dissemination
92'92'A I '
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, ' .-' .IQ___________. mm. JULIUS mus mess, was ff:/-' °192I_.__...
Esrlomos - n - - me--~
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was translated and translations were mmished with my ,. Jmemorandum to You dated February 14. 1950. he remainder of FM: C by
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1.7! German text mimeographed!--197 pages. »
By inmytcss Author's pubiioati n! January 1936.
__-. ___.'_ _._._._.-_._ -" *- - -;-q___,_
This punlication was examined and round to contain the =~" *
following iniomation which appears to oe of interest to the '
Bureau. i
_ "Behind all fate of the individuals and peoples stands92_92;_"- = the eternal creative power. It leans everything to its goal..."
J&In______J.§-_I'_92f_ 1895;FUCHS attended a lecture oi FRIEDRIGH,KIAUT£A.NN_ beforethe numbers of the FRA.NKFURf1 MIN! School Sooie y. - WI-EANN
was a ;_rou.ng minister and secretary of the Christian Workers
3001813183 in FRANK}3UIi1. He was deeply impressed. However, his _thoughts were not snared oy his parents. He wanted to study theology
and resolved to go to GIESSEN wnich was considered as one of the
strongest c nters ox the "':irreligious"= supporters of RITSCHI.'s
theology. JACK hen been called from GIESSEN to MARBURG end later
to BERLIN. UEGEE2 was his pupil and successor in GIESSEN.
HAB.HACK's " story of Dogma "' was notly ieputed 1;. that ejme,co temporaries we:-e!§:rxos, mrsuscs, SCHLE, ALDENZBELEER and -H.I-IOLTZMANN wnose interpretations of the Bible sp ntly impressed
FUCHS.
FUGHS' parents had 6 toys and 1 girl. Two of the noys
studied already and their parents had a nerd. time to raise the
means tor the university education of e third toy. His ratberls
iriem was rich am promised. to Iinance EMIL's studies provided
;i. ¬ .-2i..?2 ¥.§3 .P." i§ .@°¬. ¬%?.. %<.. . °° :§L°f?¥%n1A*fms*tewjA|NEv
o men as uwmsslmu t i DATF.1l¬|5Z1--}3Y~3@!¥='-E.31lm
at the University of GIESSEN, FUCHS became the rrieni of&E.IN15I.. F.'s iatner was an or ode: Lutheran. He had studiedt EBLANGEII under MASIUS an&{0FF1&ANN. Later he became a vicaroi person &MS in BEERFELDEN who was one of the most
prominent pupils of 's a Hessian Lutheran and conservatire
poiitician!. In 1.&UEI.LER's parsonsge_FUCHS' father met his wife
who was is r ;'r.i__ , a daughteror an ofricer. Her maiden
name was ' mother ne " H 1 ' 1.0 , e,,,1KEI _. came ran s Hessian
ofIioer's . At that time also officers remilics were
liberal, but staunch supporters oi the monarchy. It was the timei W 55-res -5?;
_ comes DESTROYED .;;4;,;_osuY*ER85 NOV 171950 _r I .
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of the creation oi the national state Iith the aid 0., -liberal
forces. - . i
moss parentsmarried " Fsissme in 1857, one year
s seam of mmher ne os uss.rter'th ' " KIIIS1.£LE§USS, essmnm e n
born 4/_2¬>[J.Bl2! had been the son " an officer, MBANN SS...
CH5 described his youth and contact with the family oi
the count oi ' . GHRISiIA.N IIJELIER, the predecessor of his
father in , had become the spiritual adviser of the
countls family. F.
"lndmty parents! home no anti-Sem1.td.sm existed. The Jew
was deeply pitied and loved--W father was an enthused coworker of
the Jewish Commission. He I3-S a member of the directorate for may
yea:-s.." '
FUCHS father Ias a close friend of District JudgeBAUER,
is liberal Catholic, in other words an irreligous individual.
- 92_ isvo '
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Isxsmsx mm the national state} This meant a big '
victory of the liberal tradition oi the 1912: century... my
greatgranoiather had been a champion oi rationalism, aw grandfather
oi the "B1rschenscha.ft"* and national 1ibersJ.ism."=
_,..
*£.xsminer's comment: "Burschenschaftg association" of students
professing national and liberal principles. The rst association
was formed in 1815 for political purposes. -
1-"U015 was born in 1874, the year in izich a violent r
church s ls began among the Lutherans. His godfather wasRev. S, at that time in BO'1ENBERG in ODENWALD, laterin BRA JFEIG. L , '
, V ._ FRIEBHIGH was the godfather o ' younger
brother _]:_I_I_E[G went to REUEN-DETIELSAU take over WILHEIM
I.0EHE' parsonage. He visited. the FUCHS-home very orten, also . LUGYJIGWRAUDT, later the superintendent of the Hessian Free Church.r ' _' .
F. stated in his lectures that a minister should know the
living conditions of his congregation. He visited the singing
society in the western part oi the city which was inhaoited by
workers, small business men, teachers and minor officials.
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F6615 pointed out that the Social Democrats. Iere
leaozug at that time. -He "discovered" another group of the
population ihich was righting hard for existence: the unslctlled
' workers, the unemployed and the -vudows. He began to work in
the interest of the underprivileged. More than one third oi Ins
congregation belonged to this class. '
92." "A minister must know these types.I='1
FUCHS discussed the duties oi a minister at length,
religious doubts, welfare activities, etc. He held 3 lectures
_ in GIESSEN in February 1900, on German idealism. He had been
,- , an active member oi the Academic DUEBER League together withprofessors of the theologoal and philosophal Iaculty, Xricialst 3_ .
- or the univerait library, among them GEORG OCH arr! Proi LOSSER.
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ii-15'»T. .g _ M to SE IAGNER His brother-in-law was PAD WAGNER, director of the ;,,"_~_%;,_-;_ - FUCH rave ed his visit m' m£om his marriage
Ii lgricnl a1 Experimental swam in mm-zsr and creator of the¬__.;_?;,-in-- a -».=. new science of artificial fertilisation. 92t ree-. ,,__ '7
,_,. _... FUCHS called himself "s representative of radio --crit:Loa.|.
theoiogy." me of his closer acquaintances was one GUSTJN .A.NNMUELLER,
a 1iore.rian.. The mother or was the dsughte o s. professorERANGIE.. - ~.
. . _;_ 1.,... _!_
of jurispnuienoe in GGEZTTINGEN, {GILHELM FRANZ GOTTFRIED
One of her uncles had been private secretary of the-oli King GEORGE
of HANOVER. It appears that EISE's mother at first resented her
daughteris engagement to FU£2iS. FUCHS' father-in-law was the son
of a pharmacist in HOELLN, a descendant oi French refugee who had__ g to leave France oecause of a due1.'§SEILL axriaxiiililill in DARLBTADT
__ - were representatives or s. liberal eology. he latter confirmed l EISE WACBIER who made a journey to ITALY Iith him--to RG55. PAHNKE
also worked in BONN and SEHIILPFORITA.. »_g;_
~ .--£=
_ ELSE EAGRER had four bro rs; The youngest one published a book "Der Kriegm The War!; V Lxetimras the oldest friend of ,
_ rt mother. FUCHS married ELSE on__@U1:_g'g s__._t _1,4,,,_ _1g<_:;g>_.__g,;|__92§.__11_¢; -_ Johannes m Tseefnlscssnsr!. - " "'
ea ,-..- ILL?,~ Ii->3, 92
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7 FUCHS home oecame the meeting-place of "pious people,
atheists, Christians, monists, -Jews, privy councillors, workers,
manufacturers, merchants, ministers, vorln-travellers, conservatives,
and socialists." Discussion evenings were held every Thursday.
FUCHS left 1IAI1MANl92I's world of thoughts sitar a long
struggle. He wrote articles for the "iihristian Iorld" am "1 unstuart"m
= Lrt ldviser!. These writings originated from an intensive . ,-|'~,,____,_92-.--1; 7 2o understanding of the pronlems of the day. He left the executive
, committee of the "Christ world" on 1933, upon his own request. Prof. D. T KIEL! became B.AIJE's. successor:,.-.¢ ; _>_
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as managing director of the publication. ibis circle had
estaoiished a convalescent home at FKIEIIIRICHSRUIJA. This home had
to be oissolved in 1935. {me smell circle which re1Tused_to followogrmne to the Right stayed with FUCHS who called mm "em
mo radical individual." TRAUB puoiishea the "Eise e Blaetter" Iron Pamphlets!. lie c ie inTHURINGIJ.wasleo o$VEIRE[.e.nd
the group in SAXORI by . SING. ihe magazine "Free People's
Church" was published D V in JENA. FUCHS was a leader or the
movement and lectured in cclmnnnities or IHURINGIA and SAJLONI.
The Movement for a Free PBOp}_6'B Church" "ass fostered by him. He
was present during the conferences of the united groups German
Protestants Society; Friends or the Christian Iorld; Friems of
Christian Liberty nsslmnse-wEs1'PHiLu!, Friends oi the Free
Peoplels Church SAXDNYTHURINGIA!, during which the problems of
religious and church .LiIB were oiscuseec. In other words FUCHS.
was one or the standard-bearers oi these various movements for
"tree Qlristianity in Germany. _
Feces claims that his family uescemed from P
who emigrated from VALENCIENNE3 in Mb? or 1868 where the pressionsdirectea oy ALBA had been the "worst. His son JOHANN PE'lE!}¬US,born 2/gs/1091, -was msrried to ANNilS'1'EBN. - -
' use " .. . . - '
In MANCHESTER, FUCHS received an otter to accept the
position or an aaviser and lecturer at the University of GIESSEN
theological faculty!. He tent there in the autumn of 1903. Healso -lectured on ENGLAND, FICHTE, KANT, world re %mm
icleeiism. In IJARMSIFADT a shoemaker oy the name or organized
s. smell circle uhich FUCHS visited rego_Lsr1.y, once a month. They
react the New Testament. HELLER was e. SociaJ.Democrat. i
FUIHS also became a member of the "FRANK!-URT CONFERENCE"
for the "deepe or scientific work understanding among Hessianministers. Bev§GU'!0T,?l1AR1F>'1'iD1, h mimIM, was tne leaner.
FUCHS revealed the rrom 1905-1918, he ett ncled s.1most_ every meeting
or "ihis comerence. . - '
' 0
me Pegg1eI s Qgadeg
In the summer of 1905, FUCHS was visited -by GEORGXOLK '
mo was expanding his educational work rrom QFFENBACH. He c nsidered
FUCHS as one or his most promising coworkers em urged F. to lecture
in various communities. mtnin a raw years cote men had succeeded
in estanlisnmg eczucationsl committees arounri FRANKFURT which worked
at greet speed. Ihey did not round. societies, but committees, which
represented the local organizations, above ell, the unions. F6618 was
attacked oecause of this activity em contact Iith the comnon people.
VOLK visited FUCHS one day and oath contactec Rev. LDOIF
. _
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XQEL who supported their aims. The three men planned the intnre
organisation and named it "VOLKS-AEADEMIE People's Aoademr!.
Atythat time FUCHS lived in controversy with KANT and German
idealism. It appears that German Social Democracy distrusted the
new movement. - .
_,_..
The I1_;i.srgssi;i.n;_EYeI;1g '
The meetings oi the People's Academy in RUESSELSHEIM
were attended by 30--300~pe_Qp19- Two lectures 1rere'held and
discussions followed. Ihe subjects also covered social 1'orm:Lng,
philosophy of life, ani the rounclatioss of religious th:_1nking.Amothe speakers Yrs WIIJIXVEIT, ERI, osssrss from , ¢-»~ADO KORELL, FUCHS MARX irom,.WAI.LDORF ' - s of people visited
these lectures. The various proiessions and their significance
were discussed, also machines, instrnmexrts, cars, electricity,
steam engines, :1 cs, presses and optical instruments, monism,socialism, M&:'.sm§EUCKEN, theosop and historical events,natural science, geography. ALPHONQXPAQUET talked about his
journey to LDNGOLIA.
races dis . seed s , asset, mrr, the Universe,religion, FRIEDBICHK;>CHI.EGEL FICHTE GHELLING. _-
H In wsmrtem
FUCHS becam an assistant _.»tc Rev. RI$aR.1Z&RESGHER whowas s cousin of ER'IN&REUSGHE2~I angl the author of s e works on the
New Testament. Both n exchanged their views. FUCHS had. to
teach the ohi1d.ren. For the rst time in his life he saw 'I'.B.
and "recognized. the distress of labor."--"The unhealthy work in
the tobacco ractories destroyed young human J.-ire. '
-_ r _/ ggcnsstrm
A DRIEXSCHEB showed FUCHS the advertisement of Rev. RILLI VEIT
the was looking for a vicar for his German congregation "who IE5 to
visit the poor Germans in the slums of lmxchester am} gather then
into one community."-,' FUCHS departed for IEANGIIESTER, ENGLAND, inOctober 1902. / J, -.11
VEI'1"s home was the center oi the activity of the German
congregation. me VEITS were people of means and their social
events were also attendee by English men and women. The questions
pertaining to -GERMANY and HJGLANIJ and re.Ligious matters were discussed
" 7
FUCHS Lanilacly res the widow or a Presbyterian minister.
He studied the slums and stated that the English people had
cunpleteiy railed to improve the coniitions oi the lowest class.
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However, he Ient back to England LONIDOH! in 1921 and rejoiced
' at the changes. _ _
The German consul in i.&ANGHESTER,k§OLLllANN, presented
him with an Ezglish translation oi IJ.lN1E'e orke.
"At teat time I cmdemneo enotmn. New 1 know that
. all this ensts in every country I112: a capitalistic economic
System." _ _
FUCHS also G188-ppIO'FBd. oi ENGL.lHl'J'e South-Ltricen policy,
but acknowledged ENGLA1lD'e "herd, cruel, uncomitiona.L patriotism."
Ht that time ENGLAND did not know anything about GERIMNY,
and In Germans knew nothing anout the genuine English .L'I.re."=
FUCHS discuseeo the re;|[email protected] lire in E161-AND, "Cnrietian
Erneavor," the IIICA and H61, the $a11ration Amy, TOEIBEE HALL,
' the CHURCH of ENGLAND, Hethoclian, the LBW CHURCH, Evglisn piety in
generax, GEGBGE FOX, English trauition am nietory, am Baptists.
He reveeuea that one lies PLPE one was aoout '70 years ole at the
outbreak or the let World Ker nae aeportea to H01.-I-ARI!.
wtIt appears tzt FUCHS is very Iona of the "mristienIorldm and its 1":-ienue. mace it possible I01 nim to attend.
the conference oi the ends of the Christian World" in BASLE.
' qg me second Itorlc-year in onssmx, FUCHS was irieitedby his w HmSw who proposed to him to establish himself
as a private. cnoler for systematic theology at some university.
FUCHS also lectured on English and German piety, Christianity
and ethnic entity, revelation and oevelopment, HAECKELW world riidle,
. marriage proolems, sexual questions, and education! In 1910 he
etarteu as a c oncer or the "Kunstwart" lrt Aevieer!. He nae beenin contact Ii.Y-§1VENLRIUB for a long time. F. also ccntizmed hisecientixic Ior . $B'76I&.L or his books iere published oy 1.0.13. EOHR,
FUCK-I8 not only began to £ee.I. the opposition of church
and state, out also that of close friends and coworkers. He was
- disappointed after his lecture oerore the manners or the FR&I@'UTB!['
CIRCIIEI '
*~ "All of a eudden I realized that it I111 oe impoesiole to
7 use this circle ror the awakening of the workers messes ior
spiritual lire am thus for religious clepth." , »
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Social Congress Bu STRESSBUBG, where OEHSCH discarded his
remarks no find the aotenoion of his soensrs' FUMS had the same experiemxwirh we E92rsngelice.l-
1 cousin of his wire was a nistozian cry the name ormm. Qiponszos, smesssunc, whom rum visit-ed in law.
. ~ ' His Old friem IhE- oecame the spiritual leader
oz the lluderaoe Parry, while FUC1 -more and more appeared with the
lert-ieia wing. ' ,- .
Thro ohe eciuoauional work FUCHS oecame an intimatefriend 01' 13¢. R.§STRECKlEB, an shat time teacher at. a higher
ilzssituuion or le sing ai. NAUHEEM. For his crzuical remarks
aoout nhe Catholic Church he was reprimamed. cw" the Hessian
Ministxy xor Schools. FUCHS demanded mm in a series oi art.:Lc.Les.
He worked togeuher wiuh STBECICER for many years. I-Ie was me
author of e. pamphlet. "GOD am 92'-he Cnurch." "It. was 1.0 show that
the Church is not me connect-ion With GOD..." FUCI5 reviewed it
in an oracle "-S1'RECKER, COD and she Course."
FUGIS was asked oy we Democratic Percy or the electoral
oietrict or HETZLAR "co oecoma a candidate for the EHCHSTAG.
FUCHS was noo a memoer or the Democratic Party. He reiued 1.0
run for orifice.
FUGHS revealed so errorts or "'reaco1ona.ry circles," to
remove the pranineni. leaaers or Chrisoian Iaiberalian "oy all
means oi" p0.Lic-rloal :1J1w:'Lg92:e emi sitter propaganda. in the church-
prese am newspapers."
It was this eta-uggle..1m:!.oh finally pushed HARHACK and
1ROELTSGi tron their church work int-0 other spheresof acuiwioy. "
In GERMANY ministers were repr1.mande<i who deiended orit-1ce.L
theology.. X ,1
FUCHS oecaxse she of uhe 92 C '1 Conference of
Hessian lmsuers and successor or Dr. FRITZ. , Dl.RlBTLD'1'.
, FUCHS youngest. orother-in-law was Dr. EAIISXHLGNER.
races rewaurned 1.0 mmsmmm in 1911. Hie .m'.¢ child
ILAUS was oars during one lest dew st 1911. '" I
"Be1r.xA'1'H0, WIDGNE, was a man or the radical-liberal
ecnool. . -*
% B', ETIIIICJ, was me spiritual leader or she
enure Chris» Free Church liwement :i.n'1':he BHIHEIAND am IiSJ.PI_:§..92LIA."
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m1sm*"uc1+1s= godmother "lee lire. mnrmue.
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It was war. FUCHS received the doctoris degree honorie
cause! from me theological faculty oi the Umvereity of GIESSHI.
"To the loyal friend of the German working people, no
the scientic interpreter or German idealism, to the valiant
champion for German Chrieteman."
FUGS, rererring 1-.o the outbreak o1 World Var 1, praised
the conduct of the 1ro:-Icing masses and their effons in one i.m:-er-est
of Gemeav. His youngest orooner EILHELH was oelle oorthe colors -at once, also his bro'bherBin-law, PAUL and EEIR1.iLNN?x wmncn
Hie brother, ''ILHIE1'J.!, nee zepo ' missing in action and
FUCHS asked his friends LEONHARD and OLG in ZURICH to use
their conneooione in FRANCE oo xind out somobing about YRIIHEZLM.
FUCHS bed e. rriend in RUGBY, FREIJ?.IG1 TTENS who
had been one of one leading men who worked for n-English
understanding berore she war. He was called a spy, out in
appears mm. one Mayor of RIHSBI pronecoed him oy posting his
am around him. - a
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4-
l- s -_.»._ V ~_.TRANSLATION FRO]! GERMAN
w
A letter dated August 20, 191,5, at Franlcfurt on Rain
-Escher-ahsim,' on an Kirchberg 25, addressed to "Hy KRISTEN and
signed "Fran your old but nevertheless still living tather.I ms
waiter acknowledges receipt or two letters from the addressee
which had been sent to his: iron Berlin. Be states he has not yet
received the invitations for himself and KLLUS iaich the addresses
had stated were very near at hand and complains about hos things
are handled under the Occupation. He states that America and
mgland tarnish than a great deal for which they must be very thank-ful and they do m the other hand that are very bad. He
cunplsins that one ELLER is invited to the United States tails
the man that the no Icing masses" sten to is unnoticed. He speaksor going to Switzerland to visi%OLDER and states that the addresses
undoubtedly knows by new that GO ER s s JUERGER, Ias drownedmile bathing in llarburg. He s s that-iK1.H.£N is very ill. Hetolls the addressee to ask ElR BmY to take care of the
invitations prunptly. He compl s that HAUS has not written and
states that even though KIAUS is in England he could have placed an
order in the U. S. for one oi the $15 packages. He states further
that he and KIAUS are fairly sell taken care oi through e packagesthat GOIDER sends £1-an Switzerland. He states that IEARIEKSTURM in
llecklenhurg is having a difficult time getting along, as others are"?
The Iriter states that from shat she says in her letters it appears
to him that she and BOB have separated and he asks whether they are
divorced. He wants to know her circumstances and whether he can
is first-rate BEA'I';gmlEI., a granddaughter oi the poet, is
IIAUS' "family mother" at the school.
imis letter also encloses an English letter to KRIS'1'EL's
children which contains only family news. The letter states that
the children must be very proud of their mother that she was not
prepared to do shat she thought use Irong but rather amt to the
United States than to do that HITLEB and his companions ordered.
He states "end nos we are all very glad that this terrible time oi
HITLHIH: is past and we can begin to live as s free German nation
lglin." B _ . '
p sir--as-is-'51»
1 letter dated August 16, 1946, at Frankfurt on Iain
Eschershoim, am Kirchberg 25, addressed to my Son" signed "Your
Father". The writer expresses sympathy over -J1JEF.Gm's death. Be
mentioned that he has received a letter from KARIN and that she is
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ill. He says that he has requested the Americans for pemission
to leave Germany and it is still p . He states he is takingKIAUS to Einiield Holstein! to m m and states that it
his request is granted before the and or their vacation he will
retum and came to the addressee immediately.
. ' . . _
iii-Ii _
" -' A letter dated August 10, 1946, at Frankart on Main
Beohershedm, an Kirchberg 25, addressed to "Dearj{ STEPHLN, MARCIA
and KRISTEL" and signed "Your Grendiather-[[I. FUCHS". ihis letter
to the writer's grandchildren acknowledges receipt of a package
from their mother. He describes the ruins or Germany that he sees
on his trips to such cities as tassel, Hanan and Hamburg as tell
as all the other Ge ,oities. He states that many people do nothave enough to eat hutk%__E1__§!ARD Irma d always sends him
packages so that he has enough for KIAUS and himself and can also
give a little to -other people. Heat-ates that ICLAIIS is well
adjusted at the Odemuald School but he would rather be -alth sane
of his dear relatives and that they are both looking forward to
their trip to America. He speaks or JUERGEHW death by drowning.
.B1e'sri_ter also states that the people are altars request-
ing lectures from him and he has such inportmt work that he can
hardly come to the United States. Still, he will have to do it
in order to get to know his grandchildren and their father and to
see their mother again. First, however, he will go to Switzerland
before g the trip to America. He states that according toOORDEHEATCHPOOL he rill soon have permission to travel to England.
He eta s that IIAUS does not 1|:-its but that is probably because of
his profession. The writer adds a note stating that from September
214:1 to lith KIAUS till ha a vacation and they are going to visithis grandmother Hrs. HER'Im<I'ITOWSKI in Einfield Holstein! Looper
Gmaussee. The Iriter eta that he and ICLAUS hope that II.dUS'
father who is in the Russian Zone can also cane and finally see
than. me Iriter omuments that on August 14th it will be 40 years
since his wedding took place.
I-I-I-I-'I-I-~I'
_ A letter dated July Z1, 1946, at Frmkturt on Iain
Eschersheim, am Iirchberg 25, addressed to "Hy KRISIEL" and signed
"Your Father." the I1-it-or states that Monday sill he E?ISI'EL's
33rd birthday and expresses regret that he has not seen her for
such a lmg time. He speaks of her lite and states that he would
like to he pith her and GOIJJER again. He speaks of JUEGEN's death
in llerhurg and states that JIIHGHI mas very dear to him even though
he did not agree Iith KARI]! in many respects in the way she brought
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him np. He states that theboy was a very good boy though and
very much like GOIDER. He states that because of JUERGEN'_s death
he would like wary much to be with GOLDER but the Bureaucrats are
so slow in handling such very important things. He asks mat
KI-LUS is doing and states he thinks KIAUS would get the idea to
order. a large package monthly and send it to him. He acknowledges
receipt oi the first package she sent to him. He states "I us in
Hamburg for a leek with the Socialist Students, Socialist Workers
Society and Quakers," than the Socialist students in Goettingen,
llonday the same here, Friday at e mctionary meeting or the S.P.D.
Socialist Party of Germany! , Tuesday in an educational meeting
Ihich the culturalyminister for Grosshesssn had called concerning
people's education. lSo it goes continually and one must aluays
have something important to for othersiee everything is useless."me -writer states that GISSL%AGNER would be very thankful it the
addressee yould send her the ok "Differential Equations" by Nelson
Bush Gonkuright, published by the llcllillon Ccmpany, New Iork, 1934.
~~--'-""'T '-ls-sees-1-s -
_ A postcard dated July 5, 1946, addressed to IIARCIA HEINEMN
1'1-an Dr. EH11. FU£35,_ Frankfurt on Main. me card is addressed to
"Dear MARCIA" and signed "Tour Grandfather". He aclmmrledgee
receipt or 0. package sent by lI;A.RCIA'e mother. he card contains
sane family news and states certain items that are needed in case
further packages are sent. V _
_ -I>'l'I"I>'I*'Ii~92
' - L postcard dated Hay 25, 1946, to lire. IRISTEL FUCHS
EIEJJAH, 144 Lakejview Avenue, Cambridge, 1Iass., from Dr. EH11. FUCHS,
Franlcfurt on Iain Eschersheim, em Kirchherg 25. The card is
addressed to "Dear ICEISTEL" and signed "Your Father". II:-itar .
canplains about not receiving any news or packages than many others
are receiving them. He states that he received an invitation to
acme to England today but it will take a long time before all the
formalities are handled. He tells her to hurry or they won't he
able to see each other again this year. He tells that the packages
can be sent, to find out about all possibilities so that something
IiIL'L nally reach him. "
' 'I'-I-'1--I-~I'-I-~I
1 letter dated June 19, 1946, at Frankfurt on Iain
Eschecrshein, em Iirchberg 25, addressed to "Hrs. EISTEL FUCHS
HEIKEUAH, 141. Iakeview Avenue, Cambridge, Iass., "freon BNIL FUCHS,
Frankfurt on lain, Gemany. The letter addressed "Hy KRISTEI." was
unsigned, sends birthday greetims to ERISTEI. and states that on
ll
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July 22nd he sill he thinking of her and on July 16th oikllh
and mother and all oi the others. He says that he is lone-"'
some since he no longer has KIAUS sith him. He states that KIAUSis a real FUCHS in spite or the tact that he has another nenmlm
me writer speaks or GOIJJEI and JUERGBI. Be speaks ofeonditi e
in Germany and of his work with the young people mo look to him. W
He expresses his desire for letters and packages. He expresses -
gratitude for the Americans who are helping to feed the children.
- ' -I-lee-see," '- --
_ 1 ._-_ 1 letter dated December 10, 1945, from GERH.LRl3%UCHS,
Hans Grepper, Davos-Plats, Switzerland, addressed to "Dee KRISTH."
andsigned "Your Brother GOLDER". Acknowledges receipt of KRISTEN:
letter of November 12. He states that he has received three letters
from fetherwhich he res sending on to her by ordinary mail. He
states he hes written to father concerning KBISIEL and Kl-NUS and -
also KRISTEN children. He gives father's address as A-ankfnrt on
Iain Eschereheim, Rarhessenstr. 129. lhe writer states that
conditions are very poor in Gemsny and munerates several itens
that he can send. He states that father sent him a letter tran
KLEIN and -discusses her lite and his difficulties with her. Hestates tha&GUSGHI is still alive, that he shoved up in Berlin
but tented to go to Kiel to he with his mother, hosewer, he has
ranained in Dass lecklenbnrg and is State's Attorney there. Hestates that Rev.%AG1 i|I'1Z was in s concentration camp at Dachau for
s lpng time because he had housed a man of the "2Dth of July". He
states that Rev. CKWI12 is new in Berlin. He states he ear>¬IiSHAR1J and ma is living cons. He does not know the
y ct address. 13; writer states that AULUS has a school, "Boole
d'Hums.nite, Schwarzsee" Fribourg, Sii serland!. He tells the
addressee to give IOIAUS his best regards. He states he understands
KLAUS' situation but that father will not understand any KLAUS does
not write. the writer states that finally by the and of larch he
sill be working a halt day as secretary to the commission studying
social questions of the tuhercnlors, and that it will give at least
s part or his living expenses. _
y - . eeeeeee
' A letter dated March 22, 1946, from G. FUCHS, Hans Grepper
Invos-Plats, Switzerland, beginning "Dear KRISTEN and siped "Your
Brother GOLDER". The writer acknowledges KHIS'.l'EL'e letter of March
8th. He speaks of his tether and gives her the news concerning him
and states that his father use giving lectures S.P. Socialist Party?!
Quakers and the Volkshochschule People's Highechool or University!.
He states father still has not advised whether or not he received8
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92
the packages and that he will have to write to%&cmSTER and find
out izat can be done. He statesthat KRISIEL s very generous in
sending money to him and he thanks her very much for it. He
speaks of sending things to Germany and states that they haves
relief organization there that can take out quantities of goods.
re organization must have the permission each time but permissim
is granted; He says that naturally these goods help those Iho
have been imprisoned in concentration camps and other trusted
anti-Nazis. He states that he does not know when father will come
and that he is happy that KBISTEL can trite that KIAUS is sell.
Be states that it would be good it they could see each other again,
before he goes hack to Germany but he does not knot hos it 1|ill bedone. ' '
4 s e s as o s_ '
1 letter dated Kay s, 1946, from amass moss, Hans
Grepper, Dsvos-Flats, Switzerland, Gasanna beginning "Dear KRISTEN
and signed "Your GOIDEF acknowledges receipt of the itaus she
seat via Friends and thanks her fortthe large amount. He states
that nos he till able to decline the support offered by the .committee or llrs.¥AGAZ and above all he can look forward to
fathe r!s visit an be able to help him. He hopes that father willb:':Lng,kU'ERGHkI withphim for a few week's visit. He states that it
will be better if the boy can get to know him uithout KARIN being
there since it will be impossible to settle all matters with'KA11IH
before then. He states he has received quite a bit of mail from
father. The writer zrther states that rather is giving many
lectures concerning Christianity and Sooialisn and father is of
the opinion that he has never found -such a response in his Ihole
life. However, it is very difcult to swing men from their belief
in force. He states that he is able to send food packages and
father "nae of the opinion that IRISTEL could send some by way of
UNRBA. Hrs. RAGAZ has sent father sane so that he will receive
something during _the next fen seeks. Tue writer states that clothescannot be sent as yet and that Iatheziand KLLUS need them very much
at the present time. He states that 0$SliANNS apparently sided Iith
the Nazis. lheir possessions in Berlin were disturbed and their
factory in Tirol use seized. He states that father writes that
they still do not see how wrong their say was and that they are at
fault themselves. He states they regard it simply as a misfortune.
He states he received e request for help from the Odemrald School
and discuss his plans for getting former student and others tohelp. llINA¥PEGHI is nos leader oi the School sndisis has been
sen -away by the Americans and correctly so, for the fact that he
and kept the school open against PAULUSI desire was a breach
of st.
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A letter dated July 10, 1946, beginning "Dear KRISTEL"
and signed "Tour GOIDER" informs KRISTEL that KARIN had written to
him that on July 21d JIIERGIN "lea drowned in the Iahn. He expresses
his regrets and sorrow in connection with this. me letter contains
nothing further oi interest. .
crosses _
.l letter dated December 16, 1946, beginning "Dear mam"
and signed "Your Brother GOLDER", acknowledges receipt of KRIS'1'EL's
letter of November 16, 1946. He again speaks or JUERGEN's death
and Bays he has nothing to say about it and that KLEIN finds
comfort in her Catholic faith. He states he would be happy if
IRISTEI. would write father a few lines at Christmas time and New
fears, since father was writing very despondsnt letters. He states
that iather has not received the packages he had sent in the last
two months and he suspects s. block on the part oi the officials.
Father is oi the opinion that no packages have been sent and he
"sill not believe the writer's assurances to the contrary. The
writer continues to tell her how necessary it is to trite father --
and how he needs understanding at this time particularly since he
has only a grandchild near him. He states that father has not yet
received permission to leave Germany and it appears this permission
Iill not be granted for purely personal matters. '
' use-use-s
' A letter dated January 29, 1947, from GERHARD FUCHS,
Pension Guardaval, Davos-Clavadel, beginning "Boar ICRISTEL" and
sigred "Your Brother GOLDER". The writer states they have started
a campaign to obtain means to help people suffering from tuberculosis
to be cured. He says at the top of the list of the people who are
gzmssy, inc in his time played a part in "Free osmm-"Tyne states
it is very difficult to obtain the means and a considerable amount
is required. He asks IRISTEL to consider if there are any ways and -
means whereby she can help them and suggests that she consult -
HZEINER about it. He states that they select the names of those
that help very carefully. He also encourages his sister to send
packages to really good people mo are so deep in the work that they
don't have the opportunity to worry about their om well-being as it
is necessary for them to do today. He states he sent a package to
Bev._B.a0KWII'Z and received a stirring letter oi thanks written by
his wife. He states he also sends packages to father regularly but
there are lmg lists of others duo are needy people and iao are
standing firmly against any sign or the resurrection of Nazism. Ha
states he is enclosing a list or people mo should have s packagexto cane to the place where he is for a cure is the poet ERIGH
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regularly whenever possib1e."" He tells her to speak with others
to see mat can he done. He states father wrote that he was very
pleased to receive a letter about her and non he nally knows
what she is doing and how things are with her. He states father .--
has not received his permission to leave Germany.
e Ibis list was not among the documents submitted tor revise. l
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A letter dated March '7, 1948, Iran GERHARD zitms, Devon-
Platz, Hans Trauffer, Silitzerland, beginning "Dear KRISTEL" and -
aimed "Fran Your Brother GOIJJER" acknowledging receipt of a _
package and thanks her for the useful things she had sent as well
as for the pictures she sent of the children and BOB. He states '
that father is in Berlin at the present time and he is wondering
1Ihat'father will report Iron there. He states he continues to ' '
hope that KLEIN will receive permission to visit him and up until
no-I the requests have been refused. He states things are well
with him, that in January he was somewhat bedfast with bronchitis
and that going heme this year is out of the qnestion.'
_ - I -I-'l~-IF!-1!-I
A letter dated January 19, 1949, at Quaker Hill, Richmond,
Indiana, beginning "IQ ERISTEL" and aigaed "Your Father". States
that the writer had a very strenuous but nevertheless interesting
stay in Washington and reached Richmond after an 18-hear overnight
trip. On February 6th he is going to Iilmington, Ohio and the end
oi February to Chicago and than he will come to Cambridge about the
end or February or the beginning of larch. He states that in
Quaker Hill the work or the Quakers is concentrated on the
strengthening oi the American farmers and building up the farms
again. He mentions the possibility of KHISTEL foming a cooperative
in her tam life with other tamers and give the farmers more
;5ossibilities for existence through an incidental insane. He states
that for poor fanning regions it is necessary to create acme
ineidtal income. He says that when he comes to Cambridge he must
discuss everything very clearly. He smds his regards to KLAUS and
all the children. -
... 4|-an-e~I-9'-u-.' -' - _
-- A letter dated Hay 14, 1948, at Frankn-t on Main
Esohershain, am Kirchberg 25, beginning "16? KRISTEL" and aimed
"Your Father". He mentions receipt of a letter Iran GOLUER and
expresses his loneliness for everyone. He would like to know how
BOB, the children and the addressee are getting along and hon their
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.-.laundry is doing. He states he is waiting for an invitation to
come to the U.S.A. He asks whether she has taken the necessary
steps for KIAUS to come with him. 1ranslator's Note: Apparently
speaking of his grandson, KIAUS!. He then asks whether KLLUS
apparmtly speaking of his son! could do something in Washington
and tells KRISTEL to get in contact with him. He acknowledges
receipt of a package but states that he is still waiting for
Ioodstcffs since they are very short at the moment in Germany.
He states that if KIAUS cannot cane with him he can only rmain
three months and he would like to stay much longer. If HAUS does
not come he can leave about the rst of Septanber and return in
November but if KIAIIS does cane he can leave around the rst or
lngust and rennin as long as possible. He tells her to put KIAUS
in action and also contact ll:-_. CADBURY since he can undoubtedly
help where another could not. He states that this was his 74th
birthday and he expects to celebrate his 75th less lonesome and
depressed. He states KIAUS was with him yesterday and he is a dear
lively child and a great joy but he would like very mud: to enjoy
KFLISTEL's children. '
K I-'1-{*1}-I-I-l I
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" 1 letter dated Harsh 30, 1943, at Frankfurt on Iain
Eschersheim, an Kirchberg 25, beginning "My KBISTEL" and signed
"Tour Father" stating that yesterday an inquirycsme from Phila-
delphia together with the announcement that in two weeks the
invitation for him would be there. He thinks that he can begin
travel about August 15th. Ii KI.iUS' vacation is over first he
will go to Exgland and than to EEISTEL. He statesjiaat it is
unfortunate I{I.I.US cannot go with hin and wonders if KRISTEL cannot
make it possible if she or KIAUS made further efforts and tells her
to get in touch udth KLAUS in regard to this. He states that e Iwas -Ber and EESEHAGH and92he had a ne time there. HEDSA1£ES,
Er OSSFELDS th si-I!v1[% ,§SUHIFHf.-ANNE, many o school c oneof S 's at heddoe not recall, and asn~1%nm.1.:s and the Iliadam M send regards. He states st tile in Berlin
he was asked wheth r he would accept an appointanent to the university
and they explained to him the prospects. He states that it may be
possible that he till visit than as a professor. He states that
it would be a very difficult job but nevertheless a great possibility
£cr him. He discusses the poor conditions in Germany and states
that he ishaving a difficult time getting enough to keep himself
and KIAUS well. He states he has succeeded thus far. He states
that it would be much easier if packages from her would come. He
states that he came from England very well nourished but immediately
became much thinner again, however, he is well and ICLLUS is too.
He states that KARIN visited him yesterday and that they are hoping
that KABIN will soon be able to go to Switzerland and that both or
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them apparently referring to KABIN and GOLDER! will clear things
up. He makes reqilests for certain articles if ERISTEL should have
time to send him a package but if she does not have time, he states
a CARE package will suffice. .
._ _ i'~I--I-I--I'~I*I-'
. A letter dated August 10, 191,7, at Davos-Plats, %tzer1and
addressed to "Dear KRISTE1." and signed "Tour Father" stating that the
writer is now in Dsvos-Plats with GOIDEH and feelsmore at home than
he has felt for years. He says that everything is fine and that it
would be wonderful if he could have it the rest of his life but that
the FUCHSE always put their work above their personal. desires. He
reyets that 11.1138 was not able to come to Switzerland with him, but
he was happy that he was able to "visit G-OLDER again. He states that
GOLDER is working half days and has a very important job in improving
the situation of the tuberculsrs. He inquires whether BOB is still
in Mexico and what he intmde to do. the writer also adds a note
for STEP!-IAN, MARCIA and EISTIEZ. sending than greetings from
Switzerland, telling than scmething or the country and oi their Uncle
GERI-IAHD. GOLDER adds a note to the effect that it would be very
nice if KRISTEL could also come to Switzerland new that rather is
there and expresses his joy in seeing father after such a long time.
~l~-I-I!-i-'I*
A A postcard dated August7, 1947, addressed to llrs. KHISTEL
moss HEINEAN, 94 Laketiew avenue, Cambridge, Hess. 11.8.1. from
REEL FUCHS, Frankfurt on Kain, Escheraheim, an Kirchberg 25. the
Iriter tells EISTEL that he is leaving to visit GOLDER at Davos r
tomorrow and expresses sorrow since he cannot take KLAUS with him.
He is looking forward to a visit with G01-DER and sends his regards.
_' ' i-I-I-'l'-I--I--I
' 1 letter dated July 22, 194?, Frankfurt on Main, Eschsreheim,
am Kirohberg 25, beginning my KBISTEL" and aimed "Tour Father"
stating that today is the 34th birthday of EISTELW and smding her
greeinngs. He states that his brief visit with KLAUS has made him
very happy for the past two weeks but now his huuesickness is even
stronger. Be states that according to everything he hears, the
invitation to cane to the United States should soon be there, and
it would be good for little KLAUS if he could some over and live
with IERISTEZL. He states he was very pleased that his visa for
mgland arrived and non he has to get pemission to leave from the
Americans and that will take at least eight weeks. me remainder
of the letter contains personal and fmily news and expresses his
need for further packages. p
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- A letter dated June 2!, 194? at Frankrnrt on Main,
Eschersheim an Kirehberg 25, beginning "Dear ICRISTEL" and signed
?'Your Father"_ oontains news of a personal nature of family news.
he writer speaks of things he needs and states that he has
received no packages from ICRISTEL since hitsuntide. He would
like his invitation to acme to the United States to arrive "so that
they could finally see each other again. Ihe writer states that
yesterday I-UNI, his brother s oldest daughter from his second
marriage, was married to a Ministerial Consular named IIOLFF. The
writer was there as a iitness. They appeared to be very fine people,
interested in Soeialiau but very spiritual.
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A letter dated May 21, 1947, at Frankurt on Hein-
Esohersheim addressed to "My KRISTEL" and signed "Your Father".
ihe writer states that on the evening of Hay 13, he travelled
to Pyrmont for a worker's oonmittee meeting oi the Quakers.
On the 15th KLAUS visited him there for two hours. He states
that waiting for her will now be so much easier. He was
really popped-np again. e A _
He states he rst learned at home how kind KLAUS
actually is. He was rst at the writer's home and did not '
meet the writer, but was able to reach him in Pyrmont. Hoe-
ever, he left s letter with the package that he left here and
he could have given all of that to a friend. The writer
expresses his great joy over this visit. "
llany people are no-n using their influence for the
writer. Eventually he will be able to go to GOIJJER, and thento England and than to KRISEL. Permission for KMUS appears
to be ore difficult however. "
' three CARE packages have arrived. KLAUS told him
that KRISTEL's children are beautiful and therefore he longs
even more to see her. The writer states, "that is BOB doing?Is he back yet? at Hhitsuntide we had a conference of young
Quakers at the Castle Rudesheim, and from Tuesday on we had
an international educational conference in the Odemrald School.
From the 4th to the 8th of Jane KLAUS was here.
I continually hope that I shall nally be able to
travel to Switzerland. Many many greetings to you sJ_'l..
Iour Father.
"P.S. KLAIJS was here on a scientific errand that was fixed for
certain days. Tnerefors, everything was so short." e
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A letter dated lay 6, 1947, at Frankfurt on Main
Escher-sheim, street address am Kirchberg 25, a letter addressed
to "My KB.ISTEL" and signed "Your Father". Zme writer fears thathe will not be able to visit HOLDER by Hay 13th and expresses
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regret that he will always have to overcome such bitter dis-
appointment. The writer states he received a letter from
KARIN and that GUSCHI writes that he has a son as a result oi
his recent marriage and has named it "JUERGEN BIIL". ihe
writer hopes that G0l;DER's cure has been successitl.
' he writer tarther states that HERTAkH.AUS is going
to a lot oi work to bring him to the U.S.i. and he hopes she
will succeed. ihe writer states that it is very important to
him to bring KLAUS into the atmosphere oi the addressee's .
tsnily to give him a sense or security which comes from belong-
ing to someone. ihe. writer further states that he will think
or everyone on liq 13th and hopes that they will at least be
successful in being spared from coming events that they won'thave to go through another catastrophe. He states "the people
who are working to hinder the cure are very numerous".
A letter dated 1;:-il 22, 1947, at Frankfort on lain
Eschersheim addressed to "Hy KRISTEL" and signed "Your Father .
the writer expresses his joy at receiving CARE packages and s
Gnristmas package from Joint sent by the addressee. He also
mentions his Joy at receiving a new watch from GEE!-IARD to re-
place the one stolen from him and states that the watch is more
dear to his than all things because of the sacrifice GEHHARD
made to obtain it Ior him. ihe writer hopes to receive permssion
soon to travel to Switzerland and then to England. He states he
has not yet received his invitation to come to the United States
and asks the addressee to send his an official invit ion as soonas possible tor him and the addresseeis nephew, KLAUS3§ITI'0ISKI.flhe writer describes the increasing hardship and sur ing of the
people in Germany, particularly the reihgees from the East and
expresses agreement. with a statement of General Clay-'s when hesaid "How can the German people require that the 13.5.1. make such
sacrices ior_ their well being when they are not ready to dotheir part tor each other". He states that he belongs to the
rich people even though he has no money. But he was able to get
enough to pay tor the things he and KIAUS need.
ue writer asks it BOB is with the addressee again and
requests certain items in the event the addressee should send
another package. ilhis letter also contains a note in hglish
addressed to "Dear S12?!-IAN, IARGIA and KRISTEI." and signed "YourGrandfather". lhe writer thanks the children for the things theyhad sent and expresses his good fortune in receiving such tine
parcels from them and from Uncle GERHARIJ. He states that KLAU5
is attending the Odcnwald School.
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- A letter dated January-8, 1947, at Frankfurt onjiain,
Eschershein, addressed to "Hy KRISZIEIL" and signed "Your Father".
The writer expresses his loneliness during the holidays and states
that he and KILAUS celebrated Christmas with some dear friends. But
still it wasn't as it they had been at hone. He states that KI-LBSis becoming more l:l.ke§.LI2ABE¬|H all the time. e states that .mm ,1s welltaksn c e of by the Friends nan:->%'DGEL and mentionsPE 0GEI. and the OS0, may be the Odenwald School! and speaks '
of S activities. He states he is going to Stuttgart tomorrow
for lectures on Friday and Saturday and returning Tuesday, and
states that at the moment such a trip is far r terse than a
tripto the United States would he. He has not yet received
permission for his trip to Suitserland and nothing is happening
in regard to his trip to Eagland where KLAUS had invited him. He
hopes everything will soon come. He states that he has not yet
received a package and tells the addressee to send it direct since
that appears to be the most secure way. He states that he received
three packages sent by way of Joint. the writer inquires as to
their well being and states that GGLDEB has written and said that
BOB was out of work. Be makes indirect requests for food stairs
and clothes and pictures or the addressee, BOB and the children.
He asks them to write and hopes that it won't be long until he
can bring KLAUS to her. "
Gib I
A letter dated November 7, 1946, at Frankmrt on Iain,
Eschersheim addressed to "Dear ICRISTEI." and signed "Io Father".me writer states that he received a letter iron O0RDEaCAl1PO0I.,
who has made a great deal or effort to get the writer mgland.
He states that he is very much ashamed of the indifference of £14118
in this regard. Ihe writer's complaints are not much different *
with her and he has the reeling that his only real child is GOIBER.
He complains that the two of them KRISIEL and ELAUS!_let their
father long for them and worry and they didn't even care or think
what it means to him to always wait for news and wait tor his
invitation and not receive them. He states that he is telling her
very plainly tor the last time that he would be very happy ii she
would invite KLAUS and his to the United States for a Iew months
or permit them to be invited through the Friends. He states that
it would be tine if he and KLAUS could spend at least a part of
the winter with her and directs her to start things moving. He
esqrs that "above all write to OORDER CAITEPOOL shat you have done
and that you ax-edoing so that he, who is working very hard for 1,7
entrance to England rill know". He gave OIJRDER GATCHPOOIM address
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for action on the pert or the sddreseee and for letters from
her, or he will arrive at the conclusion that KLAUS and she
place no value or any further connection with him; _
. _ _
' A letter dated November 4, 1946, at Franlcmrt on
lain, Eechersheim, addressed to Dear HRISTEL" and signed
"Your Father". Writer states that ILAUS and hie friend, PETERXVOGEL had Just spent a fer days with him over the holidays. He
states that he cannot underst d why he has not received wordof the addresaeew and PENDI£ILIS' invitations. He complain!
about not receiving permission from the Americans to travel to
Switzerland and also has not yet received the addreeseew and
KLAUS' invitations to visit them. He states, "I an giving
innumerable lectures and they are well received. So I have my
purpoee in life and can accomplish something for the future."
Be eta-tee it is eo very necessary for the Germans learn so
slowly and foreign occupation is no teacher. Be states they
must summon all forces uho want Democracy, Socialism and Peace»
_'1Zhe -writer states he has received a GARE! package from e HENRY
KLEIN He states he is going to spend 1:-istmas with _"J that she is very much in need of help. He etates that '
KARIN's sister has some children and that her huebgnd had
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A letter dated Hay 13, 191.6, addressed to Hr. GERHABJJ FUCHS,
Davns Plats in Switzerland!, Hens Gsaanne, from Dr. EHII. FUCHS,
Frankfurt on Iain, Germany beginning "My GOLDER" and signed "Your
father". me nritsr states he has heard nothing from KRISTEL and
KLAUS for a very long time and still has not received a package
from K1-IISTEI. which use reported to be en route. lime writer hopes
that he will he able to some to GOIDER in June or July. He states
that HANS is Iith him since the O50 bdemald S ool! is now havinga vacation. He states that day before yesterday$A'1E visited him _
since she was there for s conference of the ymm members of the
Ghristian D ocratio Party. She -sill write to GOLUER. the writerstates mvmm is well and is developing very -sell intellectually,
but physio y ' could be much stronger. He states that he hasrequested 1D1.FQCHIElmER to invite JUERGEN to Slitzerland. He states
that she possi ly referring to KATE?! is a Catholic and in the GIJU
even with her "Sooialistio ideals. The Iriter states that the Odemuald
School is busy with new construction. He states further that EDNA
SPECHT is s fine person and that can work for her nith a clearconscience. He is writing to bs today.
oneness
G .l_let"t-er dated April 19, l946,at Frankfurt on Kain,
Bechershein, Altheinstr. No. 10, addressed to "My ICRISTEL". the
nriter states that he Iants to visit her but first he -sants to see
.GOIDE'R. He hopes that he 1:111 soon receive letters from the addressee
and KLAUS. He states that he has heard a little from KLLUS through
CORIJER GATGHPOOL. He expresses regret that none of her packages
have cone up to the present time and states that she can nos send
through UNRRA. He asks her to write about herself, her husband and
her children, that plans they have for the xture and other items of
family interest. '1re.ns1ator's note: The letter is incomplete.
Only the first page is available for reviev.!
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1 letter dated March 22nd, 1946, at Frankfurt on Main,
Eechersheim, Altheimstr. No. 10, addressed to "My KRISTEL" and ending
"Tour father". He states that last evening he received e letter from
her dated February 25th and a letter tron EIAUS dated February 8,
written from Iashington. He stated he enjoyed than very mush, think-
ing of than and in between of GOIDEB. and ELIZABETH and mother. He
states he is very happy new that he knows e little about KLAUS and
BOB and the addressee and her children. He states that he has very
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much to do with the confused and unfortunate people, and that he
is heard. He states that he has become a better speaker through
his years of quiet and everything that he says he can express so
that the people take it to heart. Therefore he feels that he
cannot leave Germany for any great length of time since he must
do his bit to save that people. In addition to that GOLDER is in
Switzerland and he cannot leave HOLDER for any long tine. ,He states
that he does not know whether KIAUS can cane to stay with the
addressee for any extended period. He states that GUSGHI is in the
Russian zone and they cannot visit him and GU50!-II cannot visit than.
However GUSCHI wants IHAUB, and wants to take care of him. He says
that everything will have to he discussed with GUSCHI before a
decision can he reached. He has not yet received her packages and
hopeethey will come soon, since Fifi is going directly hack to
the U.S.A. The writer states that F.ERH.8.TA's irimd whose address
is enclosed ! will take care of everything further, including
letters. use mm sends greetings to asnnr omens! and states he
would like to spend e while at Pendle Hill. Bee writer states further
that GOLDER's address is Devos Platz, Hens Grepper.
lrans1ator's note: It is noted above that FERB.iTi's n-iend's
address as not enclosed as the letter said.!
'I-'I>'I>'ll-ii
A letter dated January 19th, 191.6,at Frankfurt on Rain,
Eschersheim, iltheimstr. 10 bei PETERSEN, addressed to "Hy ICBISTEL"
and signed "Ioor rather", states that he is still waiting for the
package that is reported to be en route as well as the pictures, andii; opes to receive news from her again soon. He states that Hrs
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_e asks whether the addressee has received a letter tron PATRICK&iISOK sent him mISTEI.'s letter but now she doesn't write anynore.
- the writer states that KLAUS was with him for Christmas
vacation. .
He states further that he intends to go to Switzerland fora visit dth GOLDER and perhaps visit the addressee during the coming
summer and at the sane time see KIAUS, the older.
" Ede writer states he is in s wary difficult but promising
work for the future oi Germany. Today he is
…[truncated]