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EIIL JULIUS KLAU FUCHS
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and wife, GERTPUDE, 201 Ridgemede Road, appeared amonb a groupof either acquaintances or contacts of Dr. RONALD JILFPID GURNEY
or his wife, NATALIE GURNEY. No criminal record pertaining to
Mr. or Mrs. SCHULZ.
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DETAILS: A21 13aLr1:'1o33,_,r-;A.:ay;.A1w1;
Confidential Informant T-1, of known reliability, advised that
the subject received correspondence from "oCHULZ, 201 RidgemedeD Road, Baltimore, Maryland."
Records of the Credit Bureau of Baltimore, Ino., as reviewed by
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1%@ . . or L , ._,,,o _PROPE§'l4:!Y OF FBI-T|1|s confudential report a_nd its contents are. loaned to you by the FBI an re not to ber- /}.,.1 Y FE:Esbuted outsado of agency to whrch loaned. JI - ' P- _ ........................... |rb 92-Mia?-2 9; '25 M55?» 1954 M %U . , m _ _ A ,"92"92 Ii~Tin."*I~.-AL _~..=:cun1'1'Y -
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the names and addre see furnished were the following: _:4;.-
"JOHN H. I. SCHULZ, wife GERTRUDE
201 Ridgemede Road,
Wife employed: Johns Hopkins Hospital,
as Chemist. JOHN SCHULZ employed by
Research Institute of America
Court Square Building."
The Informant was unable to comment upon the significance of this
information.
RONALD WILFRID GURNEY was investigated in l9h9 and in the early
part of 1950 under the provisions of Executive Order 9835.
By letter dated October 6, 1950, the Chairman, Loyalty Review
Board, U. S. Civil Service Commission, advised that GURNEY
"withdrew from consideration prior to decision on loyalty".
EMIL JULIUS KLAU§92EUCHS, self-confessed Soviet Espionage agent,
who was convicted during 1950 of Soviet espionage in England,
was interviewed by Mr. HUGH H. CLEGG, Assistant Director of the
FBI, and Special Agent ROBERT J. LANPHERE of the FBI at London,
England, on May 26, 1950. FUCHS said that he became acquainted
with RONALD92§URNEY and his wife, NATALIE, in Bristol,.En£lgg§,
about 1933 and was closely acquainted with them until at least
1937. He also met the GURNEYs at Chicago, Illinois, in
November, 19h7.
FUCHS said that consideration had been given for the employment
of Dr. GURNEY at Harwell, England in the Atomic Energy Research
Plant there. FUCHS said that he would regard Dr. GURNEY as a
security risk. He based this evaluation on the fact that Dr.
GURNEY and his wife had both belonged to the Society for
Cultural Relations with the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
in Bristol during the 1930's. FUCHS himself had attended some
meetings of this society while he was in Bristol and although
he was not actually a member of it, he regarded this society*as
a Communist front organization. He advised that Mrs. GURNE¥
was particularly active in this organization.
FUCHS said that his statement that he would regard Dr. GURNEY as
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a security risk may have been somewhat prejudiced because
GURNEY was turned down from employment at Harwell. FUCHS
believes that the question of loyalty possibly entered into this
rejection of Dr. GURNEY but he does not know that this is
absolutely a fact. Mr. FUCHS said that the question of Dr.
GURNEY's loyalty did not trouble him so much as the loyalty of
Mrs. GURNEY. He explained this by saying that he did not know
that she did actually engage in espionage activities but he
believed that other people might contact Soviet espionage agents
through her.
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ies Recent ar
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[:1 Deleted under exemptiontsl __ . '"material available for release to you.
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Subject's nctivi mjihile nshorgkin Rev York Qit;
A surveillanceeot the subject was conducted
on September 25 and 26, 1956, by_Special Agents or the
Federal Bureau of Investigation RBI!.
The "Queen Elizabeth" docked at Pier 90
New York City at 9:00 am on September 25, 1956, and sailed
for England 12:00 noon on September 26, 1956.
- at 4:50 pm on September 25, 1956, the
subject was observed by Special agents or the FBI to
leave Pier 90, Rev York City and to walk south along
12th Avenue until she entered the Self Service Food
Market, 65012th nvene, New York city. At 5:10 pm
the subject left the Self Service Food Harkst,valked
north to the corner or Best 50th Street and 12th Avenue
where she awaited a cross town bus. at 5:25 pm the
subject boarded bus number 5048 and at 5:35 pm she
departed this bus at the corner of 50th Street and
Seventh Avenue, Hen York Qity. After stopping at s
newsstand on the southeast corner ct the above described
intersection the subject was observed to enter a t; ,3
Hbolvorth £ive_snd ten cent store at the corner or-' "
50th Street and Seventh Avenue at 5:38 pm. Hhile
in bo1Iorth's the subject Isa observed to purchase ~
several items such as decorative pumpkins, s tablecloth,
etc.
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details recalled by s open to For exanpletnat:57¢/
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arrested his" 1U§low nuch we can be given to the specific
e at the outset of the engthy intervi
British Intelligence furnished his a
in 1946 or 1947 "Just a few weeks before
when the fact is that FUCHS was arrested in Later
said that probably FUCHS was identified by British lntell
s cific recall of the events surrounding it; yet he was in error
by nearly four years as to the date of FUCHS arrest.
tion1inkinE the rucns'@!U'operati , oned
information he night have had concerning this;additional
however, hejstated that the information furnished regarding FCHS wasall that he can recall. $7!in 1950.gkeview of his account of the FUCHS incident indicates
Chicago has reviewed the pertinent files and
nllsographs in its possession regarding the FUBHS' operation but
does not have sufficient to accurately categorize theinforaat o rniahed bym The Bureau nay desire Chicap to
questio concerning p ases of the FUCHS operation as well as
other ac ies of the Polish lil ' in England
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ALL Riilb CQQTAIRED
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T9; UNITED stuns DEPARTMENT or JUSTICE
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The source advised in January, 1962, that he
recently learned oi the following information:
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*' but not British born. The Polish Prof
individual had just come iron AmericaThe Professor told Kuropieska that he Kuropiesk
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Klaus Fuchs was described as follows
Race Ihite
Sex Hale
Age 35 approximately
Height 5'10" to 6' approximately
Build Thin
Complexion Dark
Hair Dark and thinning
Miscellaneous Wore glasses
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._ 8vB.IwT-so I "NUCLEAR SCIENTIST DEFECTS TO UNITED STATES"I4
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frO -..-__ For record purposes, there is attached one copy of a proposed ess
v~.release to be issued Wednesday, A. M. , June 16, 1965 by the Senate Internal.,._. Security Subcommittee, releasing the above-caption@amph1et. The release states
I that this is the closed-session testimony of Dr. Heinz Barwich, a leading Iron Curtain
scientit, who defected to the West last Se ide views of the
world oi communist science are given by Dr. Barwich, such as his evaluation of the
-_-7_,re1ative progress of the Soviet Union and the United States in nuclear sesearch.
A copy of this testimony is also attached.
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ACTION:
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T0 UNITED STATES
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SUBOOMMITTEE T0 INVIISTIGATE THE '
- _ ADMINISTRATION OF THE INTERNAL SECURITY .' ' ' ACT AND OTHER INTERNAL SECURITY LAWS' . I-~ --
- ' - I COMMITTEE ON THE JUDIGIARY
. I A .. . UNITED STATES SENATE- _-I % D EIGHTY-NINTH conenmss_ =-me; A~' .;~ . 6 ' nnsm SESSION
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in this time about isotope separation in the Russian Journal too, butnot big ones. So it 18 very clear that many scientists dont hnow me
for these reasons.
A Mr. Sonnwum. The scientists who went to Pugwash know yon, you
met most of them. , _92 Mr. Bmwlou. Not especially. I am thinking who might know me
from these scientisteI ont know. _- Mr. Somiwins. Well, you mentioned you had met WIBSDQT.Mr. BARWIOH. No, I ont know Wiesner. Wiesner doesnt know
me. I mentioned him only becausel saw him rst
Mr. Sotmwum. I see.
Mr. BARWIGH. I didnt know him before. '
Mr. Sovnwmn. I see.
Mr. Banwxcn. I mentioned him only--Mr. Sounwnm. These scientists that you spoke about to whom Gyou
gave a waming or information with respect to the East German ov-
ernments attitude respecting the center, they knew youi
Mr. BARWICH. They learned of me from the meeting itself when I
was at the meeting. I got to speak with them when I was at the
meeting.Mr. botmwmn. All right.
There have been news a r stories that American scientists whovisited Dnbna were satisl-i!eci!$here were neither an weapons researchor any secret work being carried on there. I you said that was
correct.
Mr. Banwzcn. Yes; that is correct. In my opinion it is correct. It
must be correct.Mr. Somiwmn. How much information was revealed to a visitin§
foreign scientist who came to Dnbna? Did you get to see everything Q
Mr. BARWICH. I believe the excluded only some newer ideas, newer developments which they had not yet developed to a degree that
they were sure of the results. So they did not disclose these things.
But it is not for secrecy, but only for competition.
Mr. Sovnwmn. Right.
If there had been any weapons research there yon wouldnt have
Tshown it to a visiting scientist from the West.
Mr.B.uzw1c1=r. Never.
Mr. Sovnwms. When you were head of the nuclear research center
at Rossendorf did you have a deputy?
Mr.BAxw1cH. Yes.
Mr. Sotmwnm. Who was he?
"111-. BARWICH. I had rst the one deput . This was Professor§_ch92}:'abe, and after some time I had a second deputy. This was Klaus
uc s.
Mr. Sotmwmn. He was the convicted British atom spyi
Mr. Baxwrcn. Yes.
Mr. Sounwwe. Did you know him welli
Mr. Rmwrcn. Yes.
Mr. Sotmwms. Do you consider him an important scientist?
Mr. Banwrcn. In the time we live now he cannot be so important.
But from-becm1se he lost too much time and health and all these
thmg-s, and in the rst place he is e Communist, and so in this con-
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nection I cannot take him for an outstanding scientist. But from his
nature and from his former education he could have had the chance
to be a very outstanding scientist because he is a very good mathe-
matician and is very strong in abstract thinking in theoretical physics,but not m experimental points of view, and in seeing in thereal world. is not able to see even experimental or practice world.
Mr. Sounwnm. Would you be able to evaluate the value or impor-
tance of the scientic information that Fuchs obtained clandestincly
from the British or from the Americans? '
Mr. BABWICH. When he came from England to East Germany hisinformation could not have any, value any more.
Mr. Sotmwms. I meant at t e time;
Mr. BARWIGIL At this timel
Mr. Souswnm. At the time he obtained the information for the
Soviets.
Mr. Bamvrcn. At the time he gave, I think, yes, because he could
give gures, the gures which are very important for research, for
saving time in research, and saving time in construction, too.
Mr. Sotmwms. I have heard it said that Klaus Fuchs information,
the information he obtained as a art of his espionage activities, mayhave saved the Soviets 2 years. E that a fair appraisal?
Mr. BARWICH. Oh, yes. I believe 2 years is not-maybe not very
optimistic. It may be more.Mn? SOURWINE. He might have advanced them by more than 2
yearsMr. Baawrcu. Two years I personally think that it is quite possible,
even more.
Mr. Sounwme. Even more.And those were two very crucial years, were they notiMr. Banwrcu. Yes. T iese were the crucial years. You must al-
ways evaluate it as of that time. Today it has no value.
Mr. Sotmwms. Did you ever have any discussions with Fuchs
about his activity in securing information from the British and from
the Americans?
Mr. BARWICH. N o. He even didnt like to speak about jail and about
this time because in German public opinion he has suered from polit-
ical-he was in jail for political reasons which was the oicial termof introducing him in They had not admitted that
he had been judged by law, y simple law, he had confessed. lt was
a very clear story, of course, in this case. lI l ' i e ~_ Z .' Z}; f""'Mr. Sotmwms. _P__rof. Man£or%§Von Ardenne he was rexpyorted in the4 5 Y "ress as having tei'rHed our de ectio'as'dep orable. hat are his
utiesl He was technica ly your superior, was he not! g
Mr. BARWICH. No. , ,
Mr. Soimwnm. Neverl The press reported that he was your supe-;
rior. Wliat was that situationl ~
Mr. Baswrcn. Ardenne has his own small laboratory which he had
organized by money which he had saved during the time he was inthe Soviet Union. So he had begun with a small house with more
or less 35 people and 1 or 2 scientists when he returned from Russia
in 1955. This laboratory has grown, and I think now has 70TF"8U
persons and more scientists, younger scientists, and he works on a lot
of dierent tasks.
L.-J
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"Mr. BAIWIGB. No. They have carefully planned research, every-
body who compares the facilities of this plant for nuclear research atDubna compared with the plantsin America would eafy the chance of
success is better in America than a't Dubna because o this basic con-dition. And now glood luck means nature has given them a better
chance than wehad iought about. Nature had given- ~
Mr. Souawnm. I understand. "
Mr. BARWIO8. It is good planning. They achieved a good work in
" Mr.SoUiiwi:sn. Sir, did you know Brun ontecorvoi Cl/~-'
Mr.Baawicn. Yes. '
Mr. Souswnm. What was your association with him, if any i
Mr. BARWIGH. As a colleague we met sometimes in the residential
area and sometimes in the laboratory area. So it was not a friendship
or relationship but acquaintance. _ _ '
Mr. Sounwma. He was the scientist who ed from Britain in 1950
to the Soviet Union.
Mr. BARWICH. Yes. _ .
Mr. Souswmn. Would you be able to evaluate him as a scientist!
Ishe in thei-st rank!
H _ .. 1-/Ilr. BARWIGH. Yes. He seems to be really in the rst rank. There._ .. .. .. -. _ I
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-is no comparison with Fuchs. I-Is is a real good scientist in my opinionand has good ideas and good knowledge and activities in his eld.
ing him to leave Britain and come to Russia_ was a substantial ac-
complishment as far as the advancement of science in Russia is con- r. SOUBWINE. Woul you say that Russia's achievement in induc-
cerned 9Mr. BABWICH. It is diicult to say; I think if he had not come there
would be no big dierence, because is main work is more in ideas and
theory than in the practical sense, there is no shortage of theoretical
thinking in Russia, and so I think they had not lanned to get him forthis reason. This was a coincidence of some gacts which happened
in this time. .
Mr. Sonnwimi. Sir, it has been reported that the Soviet Union hasor East Germany has, as the case may be, an announced goal of build-gig at leait six Fliileaf plants in ast Germany by 1 80. Do youI ow anyt mgo is goa
Mr. BARWICH. I heard this in the past. There is no goal. They
have canceled all plans and even the second stage of the rst plant
I mentioned before. Really they have no program now.
Mr. Sotmwimi. Do you know what Professor Hertz is doing nowl
Mr. BARWICH. Hertz has retired. He is still chairman of the Council
of Peaceful Uses of Atomic Ener and a member of the Research
im rtance.
r. SOUBWTNB. Who succeeded you, do you know, at Rossendorfl
Mr. BARWICH. Awarding to the charter of our institute, Fuchs must
have succeeded now. We have got a new charter and now there is only
one deputy director and this one is Fuchs. Formerly there were two.
He must take over at once _but they could make new arrangementslater. I dont lmow, but I think he will have taken over as director. Council of East Germany, but he cayes not do many things that are of
-. __ _ ~,_, -._... _. _.-- H __ ___ ____,__." '. . _ ,.- I[Q- this technique, and so on, but they were jg themselves not so con- i
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Joint Nuciearmuearehcenter atDu devotedprimariiytopnre
research. It is the East European equivalent of BERN, the European Center
at Nuclear Research, near Geneva. Its function is also comparable to that of
the Brookhaven, Lon: Island National Laboratory.
Dubna, about 70 miles north of Moscow, has been accessible to foreign scientists
and non-Oommunist reporters in recent years. It is therefore assumed that the
research conducted there ia not classied as highly secret.
The nature of the research at Dnbna was reected in reports from Moscow last
month asserting that Soviet scientists had ayntheallied element 10$, the 12th man-
made radioactive element heavier than uranium created lines 1940.
drum ossm anoauam
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Qr_§anI3,um.lessor Barwich's defection recalled the ight of two major scientists from
BritainBruno Pontecorvo to the Soviet Union in 1950 and Klaus Fuchs to East
Germany in 1059 after he had served a prison sentence for nuclear espionage.
Poutecorvo and Fuchs. apparently unlike Protessor Bsrwich, had had access
to nuclear weapons secrets.
ofessor Barwich was presumably a member of a large group of German
scientists who went to the Soviet Union at the end of World War ll. Other
German scientists, who chose to go to the United States or other Western coun-
tries, have participated actively in the development of nuclear weapons and
vices.
according to reports '0m Germany, Professor Berwich, a holder of the Stalin
Prime, was Klaus Fnc.hs immediate superior at the institute in Rosaendorf.
-m -i-
LAST BEEN II GENEVA
I Gratnva, September 11.P1-ofessor Barwich, many years a top director of
the Soviet bloc's nuclear program, was last seen here on Wednesday as a delegate
to the Atoms for Peace Conference sponsored by the United Nations.
Soviet sources said today that they were shocked by the ight of the scientist.
Western sources described him as the greatest prize the West had won in two
decades of nuclear intrigue.
Professor Barwich left the President Hotel, one of Geneva's nest, on Wednes-
day when the conference ended. He had with him an East German colleague,
Prof. Max Steenbeck, who has not been heard from since.
East Germany's chief nuclear scientist Prof. Baron Manfred von Ardennc,
called Professor Bat-wich's detection extremely deplorable.
In a telephone interview, he said: "This step shows a surprising lack of sense
of duty. I think that Barn-ichs decision was not a decision against the German
Democratic Republic. I believe the reasons are primarily to be found in tile
personal sphere."
Professors Barwich and Stecnbecir arrived in Geneva August 28. They were
seen in public at a Soviet cocktail party last Saturday.
although East Germany was not oiiicially invited to the conference, it sent
i observers, as is usual at such meetings. Many times they come as reporters or
as delegates from other Communist countries.
KNOW! AB JOVIAL IAN
Employees of the President Hotel described Professor Barwich as a jovial man
who loved to laugh and joke and was always friendly with the staif. His defec.
tion came entirely unexpectedly to Soviet coworkers, who spoke of his open-
minded trankness and good humor. He is not at all like the popular image
of the dry scientist," one said.
Prof. von Ardenne said he believes that Professor Barwichs wife was still
in East Germany. A previous marriage ended in divorce.
Professor Barwich was a longtime collaborator of the baron. For nearly 10
Years they and scores of other East German scientists worked for the Soviet' we at the Suchumi Research Center on the Black Sea.
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The defactor was described as a strapping man with thinning dark hair. His92 scientic career began when he was an assistant to a Nobel Prise winner, Prof.Gustav Berta, who worked on nuclear research during World War ll in Berlin.
Early this year, a Soviet disarmament security liaison ocer, Yuriy Nosenko,
defected here and was taken to the United States. Be was reported to be one of
the most valuable escapees to the West since World War ll.
J -
IUIIIOI OI KIAUI YUGHI
Bnuit, September 11.When Professor Barwich returned from the soviet
Union and was named director of the East German Central Institute for Nuclear
Physics. he became the immediate superior of Klaus Fuchs the convicted atom
spy who has been deputy director since his release from prison in Britain.
Profeuors Hertz, Fuchs, Bcrwich and von Ardenne, head of the nuclear
research center at Dresden, make up the elite in East Germany's ambitious
atomic-energy program. its announced soai is to build at least six nuclear plants
by 1980 to ease the country's power shortage. Professor Barwich's key role was
emphasized by his position as a member of the East German Government's Ad-
visory Council on Research.
*- The Information Bureau West. a private organisation in West Berlin that
collects data on East Germans, said Professor Barwicha wife was reported to
have been living in West Germany for some years. It was not lmown whether
they had any children.
# [From the New Iork Tilnea, Sept. 1|, 1964]
lliasr GIRIIAII Sn Um-ram Suns Bousnr Dzncrnvs PnrsrcrsrQ Bums, September 14.The East German Communists asserted today that
Prof. Heinz Bar-wich, the nuclear physicist who was granted asylum in the United
States last Friday, let himself be bought by American secret agents.
LADN, the official press service, called his ight to the West shameful treason.
Professor Barwich, who was the director of East Germany's Central Institute
for Nuclear Research at Rossendorf. near Dresden. used the opportunity of the
. Geneva atomic conference last week to set to West Germany. Then he asked
American authorities tor asylum and was own to the United States.
[From the New York Daily News. Sept. 12. 1904]
'1or Sovn.-r Aron Mas Fares so Umrro Suns
Wasnnvcron. September 11 AP!.A distinguished German atomic scientist
who worked in Russia for years ed to West Germany and has been granted
political asylum in the United States, the State Department disclosed today.
The Department identied the nuclear physicist as Prof. Heinz Barwich, 63. a
holder of the Stalin Prize who was deputy director at the Joint Nuclear ResearchL%t'itute in Duhna, Russia, until early this year.
cstern sources considered him the greatest prise in the two decades of nuclear
intrigue. during which Klaus Fuchs and Italy's Dr. Bruno Pontecorvo ed to the
WUIIDWITH FUCHS
" Barwich was director of the Central Institute tor Nuclear Research in Rossen-
dorf, in Communist East Germany, at the time he defected. Rossendorf, near§92 Dresden, is where East Germanys lirst nuclmr reactor became operational in
His most prominent collaborator there was Professor Fuchs, the convicted
atom spy who returned to East Germany following his release in 1959 after 9
years in a British jail. Fuchs was Barwieh's deputy and may now succeed him
as head of the institute.
. Gustav Harts, a Nobel Prise winner with whom Barwlch worked in
World War II. Fuchs, Barwich, and Baron Manfred von Ardenne, head of the
Nuclear Research Center at Dresden, make up the elite in East Germany's ambi-
tious atomic ener Dfosram.
The announced goal of this program is to build at least six nuclear plants by
1980 to ease the country's chronic power shortage.
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zmcurss scnumsr m::s ro u.s. 81
Iurthar press reports bum Geneva noted that Barwieh slipped out of that
city on Wednesday accompanied hy Prot. Max Bteenhack, an East German col-
league. Bteenheclr has not been heard trom since, according to the Genevaaccounts. ' "
Though the State Deparhnent labeled Barwich a senior But German nuclear
physicist," few Lmerlcau atomic scientists queried yesterday had heard of him.
Indeed, two American nuclear physicists who last year made an icial visit to
Dubna, the Soviet research center where Barwich was a deputy director tor 4
yean. said they did not recall meeting him.
Barwich began his career as an assistant to Nobel and Bialiu Prise Winner
Gustave Berta, a German physicist who led a German-Soviet group during 1946-62
in the development ot ways to separate isotopes. Presumably, Barwich was n
member oi the Hertz team, tor he is known to have engaged in nuclear research
university. He went back to Russia as deputy director at Duhna, a Communist
bloc research center whose primary purpose is to conduct basic scleutlc
research. American omciala who visited Duhna agree that there is no weapons
research or secret work being conducted there.
Early this year Barwich returned to East Germany to become head of East
Germany's unclear research center. His deputy at the center was convicted
B ltish to Kl Fu hin Russia from 1048 to 1965.
-In 1955 Barwich returned to East Germany to teach at Dreadens technical
tred von Ardenne, called the defection extremely deplorable and suggested it was
undertaken tor personal reasons.l" a in SPY» aus c s. _ 92 Yesterday, Associated Press reported that Barwlch's boss. Prot. Baron Man-
Mr. Sovnwnm. If there is anything you cam to add before we close
the record we would be very glad to ave you add it.
Mr. Bsnwrcn. I thank you very much for the interest which you
expressed here by your questions. I will try to give the information
which has been requested. _ '.
Mr. Souawnm. I have one more thing I would like to ask you to do,
and that is with respect to some certain individuals whom I will name,
to tell us briey what you know of them and your evaluation of them
and an thing you can tell us about how they t into this picture,A.i'>pchiev " :'I
» I, * Bmwrcn. As a scientist I cannot evaluate him; as a man, he;
is an example of a typical Soviet boss, which is not so frequently
occurrin among Soviet scientists, even party members. He is ablerigorously to follow the party line according to the slogan: Tho
gag-tyi lS_B.lWi;{S_1'tl§;li,. Firsy, l111.lS l.l1fOl'm:gZl I; about Westilalrn cou- iosisre nc .Secon esecms vebceurea con~vinced that the goal can justiiy the means his country is iéually
applyin ; including dema cry. His permanent attempt to con,-vlncc Vfestem scientists oigotb sincerity of their Russian colleaguesby claiminf that they do not lie in t eir scientic work and willKorgseliciiuertit y sol the same in Pumgrvlvash lfoked to ilalie ling: liikc naivete,u e un emago ry. oug Persona y e some con-vinced Communists, wiirm I believed to be understandin%_ human
beings, and who normally em honest persons, I never found opchiev
t0l?O1§660fbhiB 1 r. rmwnm. . onravov.Mr. BARWICH. He givesthe impression of a man who is truly dedi-cated to his countg, to is work and is not especially a. politician.
iii isommn N. dedgPit8<i Co 1» 11 <1 lu . ARWIOH. o icate mmums ut c ma e 's acewith the arty and government after Stali%s death. Politicallgenotw e fell in disgrace because he said, in a. session when he was
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NUCLEAR scnumsr DEIE 10 ms. 83
vgeneral outlook and was an honest man. His participation inash was the result of good will, but, in my opinion, he was mis-
taken in two ideas: _ .
! About the possibility of being able to outwit Communist poli-ticians in any way: I? ontwitting I mean to achieve a true coexistence
with them by slcil ed iplomacy. .
b! About the mle of honesty of political individuals in the Easterncamp : It is tobe regretted that such a man did not spend a certain part
of his life in a Communist state; he probably would have wakenedtheconscienceof Eastern scientist. _, , J4. 3, _ .1Mr. Sormwiim. Klaus! Fuchs. " ' // e ",/ . _Mr. BARWIOH. As the son of a priest he is adherinyifcomrnuiiismas to a religion. Instead of God he idolizes dialectic materialism.
His scienti c gift is mostly abstract, diicult to understand and far
from experimental reality. He cannot be worried by facts whichseem not to t into his political picture. He will not acknowledge
them. Evidently, while in prison he decided to put an end to esplit in his own personality, which he had formerly suered from,and to deliver himself ful y to the community of Communists inGermandy. In 1959, when he reioined the Party, he confessed that hehad ha serious doubts about e truth o party line during his im-grisonment. In the future, it is grobable t at there will be no moreoubts. Blokhintsev, a leading oviet scientist, said He has sacri-ced h.is signicance as a scientist to political fanaticism. This seemsto be true. He is not ab e to do good teamwork. Thoufh he has notechnical understandin, no organization or economic ta ent, he triesto take over responsibi ll? in this eld, because he feels responsibility
as a party comrade. In act he is still a pathological case.
r""Mr. Sounwmn. Bi-imo Pontecoi-vo.
Mr. BABWICH. He is the most outstanding scientist in high-energy
physics neutrino! now in Dubna. He is a theoretic thinker as well
as an experimenter. No technician. In technical developments in
Russia he did not take part. There is no evidence that he formerlyhelped the Chinese to process uranium as Westem newspzipers re-ported. Though suering a lot of setbaclrs in personal life in ussia-under a lCly%l.i8.!d for some years in Diibna, no permission to go
abroad, manta sickness of his wife for many are until now, lack ofequipment for experiments compared with W%;tern labshe really
seems to have preserved his basic C-ommmiist conviction. He scarcely
would defect even if he had the opportunity. Nevertheless, he wouldlike to S86 Italy, Europe,_et cetera, if he could. His brother is 8-
Communist lm director in Italy. I-Ie has a broad knowledge of
Westem literature, but his picture of the West is from the 1950s.He likes iports, what he can aord to do in the Soviet Union. His
true belie in the Communist order is probably based, on one side, on
his need to preserve his self-respect. On the other hand, it is im-possible to convince a believer in the future of a Communist world,
y scientic proof of the failure of his systemeven when he knows
the Western way of life. It is a matter of trustnot of scientic
knowledge. All that is_possible to do in a scientic way is to show
that M_ai-inst and Leninist theories have turned out not to be true.
But this does not mean that an experiment, begun on behalf of a false
i
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Instltute "Kurchnwv"__.. _________________________ -_-_-.-____..---_---_
Institute oi the Academy of 8eience--__--------.....----_* ..... ..-----...-
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Khrushchev ....... ...._..-_________--________--__---____________ 38-40, 41,
Kikoin. I. K--------...----._ ----- -----.. .... ..-_.-----. ....... -- 11. 14,
Kopa-Avdeyenko, L. ................... _-_-_----_--_--_-______________
Koayzin.------__---_.-------_-_.-__---_-- ..... -------____-- ..... -_
Krntkov, Prot. Yn. A.--__.___--_...__._____-__ .............. _______ 13, 18,
Kncherov, B. Y. B. J.!__.-______..-_-_________ ____ --_..--__._____________ 18,
Knrchatov ........ -_..._--____..___..__-____ _____________________ __ 11,12,
Kvartahnva, I. M-_..._..__.____..-___;____.-__..___.___-___________________
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FOIFA OELETEO PAGE INFORMATION SI-IEET
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Documents originated with another Government agency ies!. These documents were referred to that
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O02 CHICAGQ A ' ,- .'./ F,,., Zaajed 1'4////"W/,;~fo?ok Re Le a ,Ti5ii letter jto the, Bureau dated 8/6/>6 .5>,~rf"W*
and communicat ions attached thereto./a 3-» / 91 ¢/3;5"5'»/
,-Al Enclosed for the Bureau are seven ! copies of '
92_ a letterhead memorandum dated and captioned as above.
Additional copies of this letterhead memorandum
are submitted to the Bureau for forwarding to Legat, London,
should the Bureau concur with Chicago's recommendations for
further investigation in this matter.
Q ' cc '1'-1 utilized herein is the
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etterhead memorandum is classified confidential
to conform with the classification placed on this informat r_1/may 92k/ by the original source and to protect the sensitive sqnrfgFvvdnvhleonrallm n':3£ e '7 0 R ;:..,.,-.-,,1,~vv.F?r*:?.~.*.:.=S!1-IE1: zxcnr classify on: AD /f1,1;}[¥Z 8:1omm::u~:n:-.=1§.9icag: feels that consideration should be given / Ito conducting an interview of ut_ that b1¬/
further inquiry regarding him a on ma e prior to submitting
a recomnendation in this regard ».
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to the scientific endeavors oi the tree world. Chicago
realizes that the tree exchange of scientific knowledge
especially in the area oi physics is the rule rather than
the exception and that it is not unusual for English or
United States scientists to travel to Iron Curtain countries
to ttend scientific conferences. It is also apparent thatwe regarded as an extremely competent scientist inthe ld oi slow energy physics, 27!., - _
llequest to they Bur_eau ""
. It the Bureau concurs with the feeling of Chicagothat _should he interviewed to determine the extent
of his relationship with FUCHS, after devising a suitable
pretext; the Bureau is requested to submit a copy oi this
communication and letterhead memorandum to Legat, London,
with the request that Legat make inquiry at logical agencies
to determine whether they have any information regarding hich could have a bearing on his correspondencewith KLAUS 1? . ' " . " - _.
LEAD
CHICAGO
Alf CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, Iill await results of the
decision 0'! the Bureau in flfis regard and the results of
Le at London's in uir or to submittin recommendation8 1 q Y 8
regarding interview of A _ >_p_ l.
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Physicist, was convicted forChicago, Illinois
October 19, 1965
CONFI TIAL
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an English
the Official
Secrets Act in Englad and sentenced to 14 years in prison
for involvement with espionage activities. Klaus Fuchs
was released from prison in June, 1959, and left for East
Germanywhere he reportedly is engaged in conducting nuclear
research.
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1? = n1 cron 1"BI05-144355! 1>--'1'!-= 2/17/as 1 3*'¬ "a:%'.-W , ~ - - .
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Re Chicago letter dated 1/27/66 and Le at Londonlett-ir dated lil3i66 which enclosed a §mo datedbb0/5
/WA! [,1The purpose of the investi ation therefore was to! ' l -develop background regarding ind determine whether .5 ii
his acquaintanceship with FUCHS was occasioned by other than_ E! their common interest in the field of nuclear physics, it bk g -
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I iiiiiiiced ihic yvFurther a com rils Oilnd mus rucns revealed §»J*.5"that had not been emp oye at Harwell "at the same time. C;It further revealed n difference of any years in their age. 520
Rm f/5 /3'! ®- Bureau Z um-Q no-nl Legat, kohdon 05-230 ! Q!1 - °h1°=¢° *-'" F»? .>" . "J a" FEB/'l'119S51»?-4:-run ~<>m<>- . W -- .~___
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11 ~ - nciosed herewith for the Buieau are five 1
92 copies. f an Um, with one, cop each for the information6 cw rk and Hashingtow Fig d due to their interest in: _is mat er - 1,
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UNITED s1-xrl-:s GOVERNMENT '
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UNITED STATES GOVER?rMENT
Memorandum d 1
TTN+6 W. z» Director. FBI _ |% 3/ 149/71
g<> _.Fl _
Legal Attache, Bonn 105-7501-742 ! RUC!Fab.
SUBjE.CT:
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Documents originated with another Government agency ies!. These documents were referred to that
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Pages contain information furnished by another Govemment agency ies!. You will be advised by the FBI as
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FUCHS SAID INSTALLATIONS AT THE KARLSRUNE NEST GERMANY NUCLEARRESEARCH CENTER HERE OBVIOUSLY DESIGNED TO PRODUCE PURE PLUTONIUM -FOR NUCLEAR WEAPONS; -NE SAID THAT ME T FROM 1968 ATOM BOMB MATTERIAL FOR SIX
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LSCZRTIIS WHETHER SUBJECT BEPIBER OR SYHPATIIETIC TOUARO OP. FURTHER TBA!
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rolmonrz. TELLIIR BORN nuucAn1A,VJAnU§1iY 11rn:r:n, 'um:1'1::u naucm trait,
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'1' 5' 1 IILIIR _ has naintainod 1:-ieul p with 1 ea 1- LASZLO
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ranted to 1-am-1 ta work on an old idea which he -no and he is
presently engaged in extrmly eontidntil work on a eeapon project
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l m. m.1.m'e1-elation-nip Iith a .
Prerteesor I-LED IISZA presently on the Physics Faculty at the
Iaeeaehuaette Institute oi Technology muld undoubtedly cone up
in any inquiry concerning DR. ELLE! and he stated that he eiahed _to tarnish the tolloiing intonati on eoneerning the relationship Dor m. mm run Professor nsza. ~ -. Ln
uszm nsza Ina a Hungrian mo
nae iapris y e az oaiuated Hungarian erhaving been found guilty oi being a Geauunniat.
reeollc etion that T182-A had been imprisoned rm: two to three years
in Hungary around the year 1934. He believed that IISZA had been
iab t red at t the Iazi regime and he learned that Hungarian it e lg ne
authorities had teund Communist literature in '
tried and convicted him of being a Gomuniet.
was doubt in his aind Ihether TISZA actually see a ommun a a nee
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round in 1'I3ZA'S hole to H825 for sate-keeping and TISZA my not
actually nature or the Communist literature. at
personally knees that TISZA isI imUOQ-B1 8I1II. h 1- _ _ ~1L,D-
DR. HILIR has Iaintained triendehip
Iith .1 is held in high regard by the '
Physics Faculty at the Massachusetts Institute et Technology, and
.59 laid that 12. mum's friendship Ilth Professor TISZA did not
IDA]: an indictment at any er his views at the past or present and
E. '.EILLIt'S friendship Iith Professor IIBZA did not alter hie
belie; that HR. TELB is eonpletely discreet and dependable by,
one iota. . . - 1 1
' ig one ei the country's torenoet
nuclear scientists, IE. nun-ally was acquainted Ii-th nunareur
atomic scientists and he unquestioaa knee rm:-is inggnuehas he an associated Iith t he did
_ 1 not new the degree oi DR. assoc or the
" "extent oi possible friendship between these two individuals, Q. ~
lee
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FBI/D01
. 92 .
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we 65-:65» CUM M IAL ~
It 1! pointed out thb HIIL IIAUS 17153519 I 3012-ldlitted Soviet
espionage agent presently serving a tom-teen-year sentence in mgland for .
Soviet espionage oottvities. ' ~ , -
'92On November 9, 1950, Dr. mrmatur, Physicist, Iatlonal an-Aim of
Standards, who has formerly been associated lth the Atomic Energy Program at
Chicago, Illinois, and Oak Ridge, Tennessee, was interviewed by Special Agent Iwas J. cummw and the mm. n. such tine, m-. m furnished the Iollooinf
information concerning her knowledge of POHTEECIIVO which she desired to set
forth in a signed statement. __ Sud; statement is as tollowsz _ _
Washington, D. G.
November 9, 1950
' "I, Katherine Hay, hereby mks the following
statement to Joe R. Craig and James J. Canaan, who have
identied themselves to me as Special Agents of the Federal
Bureau or Investigation. I make the following statement A
free and voluntarily.
-0
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H1-*0 65 5650
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REFELMIGES San Francisco teletype datad October 214, 1950
31113618 dated October 26, 19§O, and October 39, 1950
HFO lettar dated October 31, 1950
Chicago taletype dated November 3 1950
Report Of SA J CALVIN RICE, Oklahoma City, dated
lluvember 2 , 1950
UFO teletype dated November 6, 1950
Butels dated Novanber 8, 1950.
Oklahmm City teletypu dated October 25, 1950.
ks _
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m.anm».._.; '; on e hell-time belle." 1 lloege, .Il_lH.W.§I hr, ,":00:-unmn.eo I .' IQ J .Ji Merwmndum - UNITEI. 'GOVERNMEN1.
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To 3 Di-!'OO¬O!'e FBI 13-13735! DATE: lurch 37, 1952
HOB 2 BAG, Chicago 16-I807! .
O _ - .sum-h. 32:5 um 3 - 19290 , . 11844
.1 ncunxtrnrtxn-c "_ A -l-ASE H--e= .9" V ' e » . » ' .,. -
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Director, January #1. 1982, ené Ieehingipn eld latte? M-reotoi-', __ "7 .'-3' '3' ' '33- . ~ 1 1-1-..¢ *1 Y - T "
. _ _ _ ___; _ . _,_7 .'___.:.'A'-": -,-- -'. _ §¬;_:,_1- -;r~= :.-:,- :
for ib intonation efihe an-ua,_ mm mum um 1- um1ma
'11ththe Argonne letimel Leberetoz-y"ee en snipe! elplepe 11-._92he Ilnivea-pity
_ or c;iap,1q;$e*qo, Illheie, A_nl-_1_e_ "_1re_eea,y eegelped the e'jjme_1e;ee_ j _"1'u¢1m- lt:':l1ee, 0n!.verei.ty"et Q1I_l.|0¢_~,IlY§R Y*1» an lrgulne Iatlennl I4'boreta1.1_'Q gen]clue Q, _e1eu-use _n 38, 1,048 ihLl.e"e.fL1.nte& th ue" hate Aree
operation: ptee et ltuie berg Oiieeiq--feie jdlue Q eleeruee 6 l-L.* reetfirned by theai Gperetleu G'_1ee 1} 1049, -' '-
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V er Research, ARC. He he been e. eoneulteat to Lee an einoe 194-8. _
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_- ._ 92. -_ -.
lfln qomp11o.noe"u1th inetraotiona, we have been 5§>f»'-...i'"*-. Ion an ndexing Y:-oject involving 15 volume;
ofH/_ear1ng,a_ on the ebovo matter. . Ue found
nv1n'ge 1n_the number of on-de to be idle 1:7 thejolunee. * He further are expe:f1nent1.n3*'by _
-each volume eeperetelyln 01-cler to reduce Iooate '
-
"eonnecutive genial: in Bureau" tile
0 ndproblems. _ He will soon have typiste available
-the approximately 10,000 cards, end copies or.-_;_~;
will be recorded es oovexj letters to tho
. . - .-92.. _ ' J. "-'~ . --.
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over letters I
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92'35396 ms'r1'i'n11-" rscnuc summons I HQ0» a wider view. the risht win: extremist swan to which Senator moms;
belongs is a more serious threat to British and American security than any glfoup
under denite Communist control. Their campaign to eliminate tram public lite
Ill people having any understanding or direct knowledge ot Communism is. inelect, s campaign tor the disannament oi America in the elds ct plychologlcal
warfare and political intelligence. The Communists among the French dock
warioers are trying to deprive their country oi the means to resist military
aggression. Senator McCarthy and Ms supporters are trying to deprive their
country of the mans to prevent the outbreak of war, to leve their Qqunu-y
powerless to counteract the deliberately produced ignorance and hysterical tear
which may lead the masses under Communist rule to support the extremists or
the Russian Ozunnmuist Party in a policy or military aggression.
There baa been considerable comment in America on the laxity of the British
authorities in the case ot Dr. Fuchs. This would seem to give the British public
some right no comment on the extraordinary laxity of the American authoritiesbowardtmthe equally dangerous activities or Senator McCarthy and his
Yours, etc.
7 _ llzciunz. laimssv.
Ar:-snort VIII s!
__ ls:rn:a to lhsoimsrlz Guasozas
' ' ' s-1 sum Bum, am, em April 1051.
Sn: Your American correspondents who defend General llachrthur, and
im1sedtheGeuernlhin:sel1,appear toaccept the basic lIB92'iJllXI0!l80fU01.ll-
munistpropaganda. Theyannmethatieremadesrcutstruggie betweenthe
torus ot mood and the tomes ot evil in which all right-thinking persons must
subordinate every other standard to securing a victory tor the right side. and
that this simple partisan motivation enables self-appointed leaders to provide
lulallibla guidance on every question oi policy. The case both against Russian
aliulnnandthisinverteddmerlcan Staliniszncanbeaiatedintermsoftho
more realistic assumptions implicit in the practice or democracy and in scientiiic
method that any human cause is seldom wholely right or wholeiy wrong, that
iultlm not simply that which serves some particular interest but is something
~ cooperation between nee men possible, and that our judgments"men huedonanythingbuttlreweightotmore or less circumstantialm . . _ _ .
lhare is strong evidence to indicate that the continued loss oi American. and
allied. lives in Korea is a direct consequence at General MacArthur-s refusal to
take account of the well-tounded warnings that an advance to the Manchurian
border was almost certain to produce Chinese intervention. It is not unreason-
able to suppose that General MacArthur is equally mistaken in believing that
turtber hostile measures against China could be taken without producing Russian
intervention and a general world war.
icing turther back, there is evidence that the extremist and blindly pro
Bussisn forces in China owe their dominance very largely to the continued and
active assistance they have received trom the torces in America who now support
General MacArthur. By their blind support of the corrupt and incompetent
Inomlntangipolice state, these groups in America discredited democracy in
Ghlnae opinion and appeared to substantiate extremist Communist propaganda.
"Even conservative Chinese opinion was rendered anti-American through the
bombing ct Chinese cities by an air torce based on Formosa with American
pbues and, as most people believed. with American or Japanese pilots. Further-
more. it was these same groups in America who provided the Chinese armies
new lighting the U. N. torces with a considerable part or their equipment. The
dhipmeut or American arms to China was continued in the race of expert warn-
ings that a high proportion oi these supplies was likely to end in Communist
bands. Ii is likely that the same would happen to any fresh supplies given to
the Kuomintang army.
The term "appeasement" was originally applied to policies which abandoned
principles in the hope at appeaalng aggressors. But in this case, British policy
is upholding the principles oi civilized justice against the totalitarian concept
ct justice. It the U. N. is maintaining any principle in condemning China on an
issue where China is in the wrong it must also be ready to support China on issues1-en-J "'
? 5'1
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at$1where China is in the right. A1
Chinese government both for rec»
in Formosa are extremely strong
not be judged according to the n
views oi the Chinese governme:
in favour of the standards propo
from any questions oi principle.
claims must destroy my have
East.
British policy has ottcn been
reluctance to think about D75?
has been consistent in dlslikillg
ever country they sppeim 011°
their own democratic traditions
of denouncing them. -
Yours, etc.
[Broadcasts tor B. B.
Pol
In a broadcast I gave some
as probably the moat serious pi
l wmld like to develop the vies
inuence ot extremism on zover
Perhaps the argument will b
contention. Dioiltcs between 1»
to war in the modern world lnv
even when there is s real coniilc
ing rather than by ghting it 0
oi objectivity. Compromise is
quite disproportionate to its acti
able assurances that a barsnh
objectivity rules out compromh
force. Objectivity is even mort
can be settled by agreement an
the basic assumption of rational
world about which human min
thinking, observation, and exile
uineiy trying to get at the tru
question, because they will all
controversy who accept this ass
respect each others opinions in i
accumulation oi evidence will ul
agreement lies in the indenite
troversy about {acts or principle
The trouble with extremists
modied either by evidence or
opinions regardless oi the cost.
tor submission. He demands tb
he cannot give conclusive evidex
that others should submit tn h
demand for submission one mu:
example, what can one do whet
that they have a right to rule ti
conquer it? This was roughly l
miliiarlsts. Given that these pi
the only alternative to the last
have been avoided by policies w
obtaining tuii control oi? their
I
" *~~-- . . . . ., . . _ . .. , "- '=r¢i-Tmifr
54,86 marl-in or mcmlc RELATIONS
T. That letter is a rather remarkable document. It will bear some discussion.
= At the outset. let me any frankly it had not been expected the Department
would refuse to make the His: notes available to the Internal Security Sub-
committee; though consideration had been given to the possibility that the De
parnent might report that no such notes were in its possession. I am there-
fore grateful tor the conrmation, contained in the rst paragraph of the De-
1 parunenfa lather, of the tact that these papers are in the possession of the Btate
Department;The State Department: answer that it has been the consistent policy of the
statement at tact. Informal notes. and In tact lull transcripts of conferences.
have been released in the past. The Wake island Conference is only one example
in a long serial. Furthermore, Sher~wood's hook. the Fol-rental diaries, Byrnes
boot Speaking Frankly, and Btettininlr hook. all gave what purported to he in-
92 timate conversations and descriptions of informal statements made at the
Yalta Oonterenoe. There should be nothing about Alger Hiss' notes which
would make them aacroaanet; nor should there he anything about the conversa-
tions at the persons mentioned in his notes, even persons now active in public
like in triendly governments." which would entitle those conversations to pro-
tection in a situation where no protection was given to the conversations oi! such
l persons as General MacArthur at Wake Island. and all those at Yaita who an
t mentlonul in the Byrnes, Sherwood, and Btettlnins books and the Forrestal
L..dlarlea. , . .
Incidmtally. sneaking of persons now active in public lite in friendly gov-
ernmmts", Mr. Churchill has written extensively on his meetings with many
vdmalmna, and on many occasions has been quite candid. To mention a ease
I t,the inaide storyo£KlansFuchslsnowhelngayndlcated.
ent object to disclosure oi any notes Fuchs may have
Department innetionary. He is a
ve been guilty of acts which brand
d in the State Department were not
etookandtheiniinenoehsboroou
l t the Yalin Conference should be known and exposed
tbecontents ottheiasnoteaareapropersuhjoctot
_ Senate Internal Security Subcommittee.Y Department not to permit the release oi! papers or this type" is not an honest
1 lion in the Department's letter that to release those gatesto all gr-arms in the State Department that any notes they
sub to release in the future. Perhaps there may havex tlon in the release 0! other notes and recollections oi various
lparticular case of the Hisa notes there is only implied no-
r of notes subsequently is proveu to he a traitor to his
beanhject to examination by a Senate committee-
a position where he could have placed many persons in
Government. We should know what his notes show about
he dealt, those upon whom he relied. and those who assisted
should cheek up on what they are doing now. By nature, training,
Oormnunlata attract other Communists and put them in positions
, The position at the United States in future diplomatic discussions, about which4INSTI
yet I want to ask if the
that reply in any way. Ii
regard to Alger Hiss ext-
his notes not only against
constituted committee of
tell me there ls still turll
I await your reply.
Sincerely,
Hon. Par hioCaaaam
Untied Slates Senate.
Dan Sana-roa Mcilanv
the correspondence betweAlger Hisa took at the Ya:
Ir. Bruce was stresslh
rnent stating views 8!?
governments should 110% I
has, oi! course. no power i
former representatives otl
Neither the Departlnenl
any other reason. Since
bearing on Mr. Hiss or his
resentstive oi the commil
result of this emminatior
these notes for its work. ll
lnrther.
Sincerely yours.
kmldr. Mounts. Ch: a rs, an someof £12; Dexter Whit;
some from Senator R:
they were turned over
Senator Nixon dated
letter, go into the reoor
Senator WATKINS. '1
record.
The documents ref:
are as follow :!
_'--u_ _ rr_ _ 7-4-L
K -Q. '=a¢.-up .4 _ 1:"- -- _ - ,_. _
6-@-* >- -at! :-w| 92 4- -W
_ ~ '9-, -or . _ --I:-92:5~=*92-I-~
XXII INDEX
Pill
Frankturter, Felix. .._._._-_--------- 50$; 5085 5111, 5173
Franz. Joseph Land-__-..__....-__--..---_...._-___.___ 5113
Freedman, Frances .._--___-__,.._-_____. 5540 5541
Freedman. Manr1ce-_-...._.._.._._.....__..._..----..__..-..-_-.._-_-_-_ 5540, 5541
Free.man__..._._ .__--- 4942
Freeman, Fult0n---__--__--..-..-__-___--_-_____.._...._._..___.._,______ M30
Freeman, M1lier_-..._. ..__...__,________
Free World Magazine.._.---.__..---..--.......-..__._....--..... 5019
Freiat Domthy LL--_...-_..._-_.-.._-....-._.._--....__._.._......_.-.. 4990
French Army_-.__..-.____-__--...._.--._...._.....-......__._._....__ E92, 6&5
French Embassy Bangkok!-..--_-_-_-_-_--___--_-.._..___-__.._._____.__
French Embassy Berlin! _-___--__-_._._._..___--__--_._-....._-..______
French Embassy Bruqaels!-_-_- _......_._..._.._..._____-..__..
French Embassy Canberra --n__..--..__-....-___..-___-.__._.._____._._____
French Embassy Ghnngki --..-_--_..--..---___-_...._--_.....__...._.__
French Embassy Hague!--..--___---.._..--_...---...._--..--....______-___
French Embassy London!-_.__-___..____-.__.._-.__-___--___....___..-
French Embassy Moscow!..__-_---___-....--_-____.____---_-____..-_.._
French Embassy Ottawa! ___.._._____-_----__-__..__-...--..--______-___
French iambassy Rome!---~---_---_._-....-_..--_--_-_-___-..-......__._..-
French Embassy Shanghai!_..--_..-........__..._--_._-...-..__._-___.,__-_.._
French Embassy Tokyo!_---_---_--_---__.--.._-_--...----___._...--...-
French lnd0chinn__-___-.____..._--___-..__..-.........._..-_...___....._.-
Frledberg Mi-_-__._...-_-.._.__--....-.......-_......._____-.._5%!!
5193
519351%
5198
519351$
5198
61%
6198
5198
6198
61%
559
Frias1mnn_ Irving S..----___......-------..__...-_...._..... 49
6016,6011 EBB 6119,5198 li244.82-15,6219
--.-»--------@-»--.-'--J-.--.--¢..».<~
Frietlricb Oar! J_.-..- I 1:: 1 -1 -*A*_::*__* _ __:__..-J'~
Friendly Altreie _ r IA3 7 .._.~- --:e-:--:- --2--~ _ J
Friends at the Soviet U 0n_-........_--...--.-................- _
Pntcn. Gerald H e ___Q,:- 1:: A --::-:-_- e _ »-__=-_-1 "f,
Frost, Richard A......._._..-..__.....-_-.._-.-~-
Frnmkin Grnegorne- _:_: ___ A1 44 _w_ ...-
Fmcht, mm __;_A_ _ :_~.. M -___ _:_ _ _ ----_
Thomas Pmtbertby-__-___- 4........._:: =~* _ _.
Fuchs, D1--............._...._.-...._... ..-..--._.,I...._...._......--_--Friedman Inllnn......-_.._......__.-- 6&5
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not returned to Ithaca, New York since his departure after '
ill '~.- _,_ .
wiles :_ ,
1 " I Qtfvmk 92"95-9 on 1sk , Q "nae interviewed by SA
chenectaw, New York, , convicted in, e Ruseian Government! to the General Electrié to guy inJune or July of 19746, he is that 1% t 1
records indicate
d
hon charges o£_ espionage
Schenecta
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5 nttei. an-1
departure July l0,_ 19h6.'- 921-%- - *';..;~_-;»<r,¢?A,m;.- -Ema - F:-*" - 92; we-1 ~. =f*'%°"§*'"'*~E"== "I T'BY.r' ;. R; ,- - "re-'= *nem-mm -mm. t§_.h.I£.1J-Q/,dtQd6/_1,°{53_p; >.i: ~".. ..
, Details: _ REVERSEYED? FOR. _ .fi=->- a E 1 '" _ D " "'.,=__-fiat. ::i"'::. K" _ "'{L92_ A
Reliable confidential informants familiar with eome Commhniet '-
Party activity in the Schenectady, New York urea, advised on August , 1953',
that they had no lcnmrledge of the employee. - . A . J
_ '1¢ bibji
0»-<*_ _ _ ...~duIn_
during:
t he d
abouve _ oat he amp eye; Qthe General »B1ec_:tr1f<': fP1ant'"i'n ' ' PW E me
. _ Bk '
etayed_ there I118
said um he sure. am-. _"ifq0Hs_}m4.~_ __;- -.. " _, _ _ _ E -' W " "H ' ' ' 1* "*' J2; ~;7 ~ , : ¢_'_ __ _ ~' zr_<, :7 J5, "*1D07U'IUIRIl»N'I'l'iZ1l92 9?? _ ee6¢>*_, conuor-rm: enema. :96 Q0 063
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ionége reezf1_z!.t,_-..-<§§1'e_ stateditpatadvised him that BETHE was §*Comunist; _ _ ____
that he had never met'BETHE; }qREENGLASS@ ,that§he;{;§§§}
had been instructed in this matt§r=by?h1B I ;EUTH §§5l;;f§*
GREENGLASS a confessed soviet Eapibpage Agent jiwho use ;Q£§@
received her instructions in this matter from JULIUS: * F ?§@&
ROSENDERG convicted Russian Espionage A§éht!} 'GREENGLASS
said that GOLD gave this list of possible recruits to
ANATOLE A. YAKOVLEV, then Vice-Consul of the USSR Consulate
in Washington, D.C. GREENGLASS advised that these
istruetidna were carried out. "It=1s,to be noted that GOLD = »
is a self confessed former Russian_espionage»agenp_cqrréntlyf
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conmnniat Party activity in Ithaca, New Io:-k area during the employaelr ' '7
I ifesidency there. .A A '_ __ 1" ' - _ A -. -':=1- - ~ ' ' it .- ~ ' _ --* '1 ' . I ' * r~ ~ . , ""._1¢- ' - ',-'_ __: '- ' '70 In.£'ormant.s:' , ' " _ " , -' . I -
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FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFDPMDTIDII SHEET
Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
Deleted under exemption s! _ _ ._ __ _ ._ _ with no segregable
material available for release to you.
information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
lnf0l'mBti0n pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Documents originated with another Government agencyties!. These documents were referred to that
a.gency ies! for review and direct response to you.
Pages contain information furnished by another Government agency ies!. You will be advised by the FBI as
to the releasability of this information following our consultation with the other agency ies!.
Page s! withheld for the following reason s!:
For your information: _ _y y _ _ if
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lomng nynlr is toée £eZf<;referer? Fing these pages:
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' ' Ihat the Aie'r!.cen' people did net_real.iee nae thersf <5
' in the U. 8. as there were in Russia, that there yerenqre; <-
'I:, the average American thought. By this, ehe understood HI
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-, ¢ l r " e t A 1 6 : t"w:»:1w1¢%@#¥*,#§§%
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there Ia'e no treedan of activity aince a person we only penit
items a rticular riod hecouldn
I. n = that Dr. emow
nazq people and received ettere eeverel etatee and foreign countrieee ,5.
Sole of the lettere he received, including those true hie lite, were be1.iev'e1i'.¢T{§;_1'_
by her to have been written in the Itueeian language. She did not know the
identity of his , although she recalled that he wae in cen-
tact with Dr. the well-known physiflet, and eleo trot tp per-eone then vorking in a in New York City. ' ' $4U
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"? " - '- ' Iith regard Dr.
' she did not know how he and Dr. happened to be ranked
that betore Dr. GM-IOW's arrival, the LANDES tried to inpreee her about '. .>
- inportance. She stated that the LLRDB eecepeitron Geznaqy about the tine ~ -
Hitler cane into power, that Hr. and Hrs. LAHIJE were in distcvor with the Hitler
regime because he he of the Smtic race and because his Iite'e family was in _~l
the "wrong aide, politically. have em:-eased -Q
thenselree to be "very anti-fascist, She eeid the _.
- LARDB "alive have oupported" those 8 "about Ihm there
' night be a question" of their She"hea:_-d through the eon of the _
LAIDES that Dr. LANDE had received a letter requesting aid ire: a scientist who ~
_ m mg, mum scientist Ibo has been Jailed _rm- eepionege_actii1 tieee' 'rung in Jail. he tar as she could recall, ehe thought this referred toil. .e
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FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION
FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SNEET
Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
Deleted under exemption s! with no segregable
material available for release to you.
Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Documents originated with another Government agencyes!. These documents were referred to that
agency ies! for review and direct response to you.
Pages contain information furnished by another Government agency ies!. You will be advised by the FBI as
to the releasabiiity of this information following our consultation with the other agencyes!.
P sl ithheld for e followi reason s!:g- ,DOé?
For your information: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _
LE/Thefollowing number is to be used for refeéence regarding these pages:
P //Q: /35-0 =3./o__ i *__
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..Lnuyzqz; Boptonbor u, 1951, captioned u above} goo m-1;_1n_m- to
- Dirootor, Jumaryolly 1.952, and Iaohington Field lottor to tho Dirootor,
January 28¢ 1958. r 5... = . ' =1" I '
For the information or tho Bureau, JOSEPH IIIILRD IAYER io prosontly affiliatod
with tho Argonno liational Laboratory as an aosignod onployoo at tho University
oi Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, and is prosontly asoignod to the Instituto of
Ruoloar Studios, Univorsity ot Chicago. BAYER it an oooasional oonsultant '
to tho Argonne llational Laboratory on otporinontal probloms. Ho was grantod
Class Q oloaranoo on January 88, 1948 uhilo affiliated iith tho Santa ?o
Operations Offioo of Atomic Energy Guniosiou. . This Class Q oloaranoo was
roaffirnaorl by tho zioogo Oporations Ottioo of tho'iEO, l'alIru.ary 1, 1049,
- sod in still in full toroo and otfooto - - 5 -.. . , _ 4 '. . . .| 92, - . . . f. . - -_ __ 92 _ , - ;_. '-._ . la
HATER is also a number of tho Ldvioory Oonnittoooon Chonistry tor tho Divioion
oi Rosoaroh, LEG; He hao boon a oonsultont to Los Llanos sinoo 1948. . _., . :;_ - Q ' -For tho information of tho Bureau, IARI EPPIRIJKYER, lit; !o1'1_qQ$§1f_H __g_t_[_.AQ
-- g, io employod at tho Argonne llational Laboratory ao a aonior phyoioist ~.
Chicago, Institute for Iuoloar Studios. 81:0 was g-antod Glass Q oloaranoo
on Ootobor I7, 1041- ' . _ - - --
1 1-ovioo oi tho Offiooiilos rotlootl that KARI! HIE oorrospondod _
Iitli MIL JULIUS _I'l92o on conicted on an ospionago ohargo in -
mgland. fhis furnished tho mioago Oftioo
low larch
ms intonation is um; brought to tho Bus-oau's attontion inanuoh_as 1v'f_.'
gut 1» dnsirsbloto mu;-L tho sssao you ¢_ l ~_-,-_. -;
Q 5 ";-. 1 inAppropiiato stops 'boin"islaoo'd _'_aith_tho Soon:-itykDivisi'e:n,' éilaqi ~';I'- Oporationl Ottioo, ABC, Lamont, Illinois, oonoornin; JOSEPK HIRED li!'lI§¢_jj?. _
this oa_so Ii-_1_.l hjollwod on a oi:-nonth basis io aooordanoo iith -'-§'_1n.tru'a£-"-¬_§_ :-- D "-'- -_,,_.-_." .. '3 :.'- - ..» -- - =§~-1-"--
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, _ , , , , _Iron Mani A? ' ' | mvra vmna nnuon ton wnlcu rune an-om MARI IYBE" YQRK k5.19'=>.4 51/}_E96/23' ' nosmar J. OGLESBYQJ1-. -am
ERIC RANDOLPH HILLARD Jmm ' AEAE .
SF-19622 - _ I
sYuoPs|sor|=-Acre: Education verified at Columbia University. Neighbor- ..' I
/»0hood investigation oondu.c.'ted in Soaredale, Breton-on-Hudson, and
HY, HY. Reigabora recommended employee ea to loyalty, charaister
a
at Columbia University. Credit ta record for employee
at Hhite Plains, HY and NYC. Ho criminal or BSSI record located
no eriminal record located awroton-on-Hudson or _
HY» A I
AGENCY C . '~-RUG- Rm RE [_ -Q*],D -q_ f___$
IREFERENCE: REP T FM ' 'BY. Bulet to Albuquerque I4/30/51;.
1* DETAILS: - <
L.4 _ _ mnucarxoa a;_i_: _M_$,,92, 4at NYC and
Scaredale,
. . ___ K. !.- ___."_;' Qcol-umbil University 92__, -L5 ~,.=~'" __?.-.319-_ Horingaide Heights 1,1_¢;;e;,¢92:.-=-'-= .q§3!-»-"' J 92New York, New York -71¢;-'9 °¢ 7 -I
_ I D f the were made avail-able bvy to SA OBERT E. . These records _. I Q . -_ .é7<>, ~<" 5V k<__---__,.'}"'1' - -»_ ; A we ~ - 1 _- .- _ _ e° I $99. ' _' .1 v .1,,,,,,,,e,_, Q: QM Lg »~ A16/339* /4 ~ W mmhngir 797 ii Gut ~"C5'-_'_".7-;_.IiIO:U'lW'll1'llN1'Iiq§'A¢ i J 7* i 56* W 7 . .1107 Vc=.:-2f3OF1Y-A§_;T . i "'1 _ ;_¬ Burea:Tz:f3"8R I2! ¥92 hf <7.-9 in I I DEXED'5X 4
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PROPERTY OF f8l-THIS C-OIFIDEITHI. REPORT AID IT8 COIITEIITS AIS LOMED T0 YOU BY E FBI AID Ali I01 T0 IE Dl8TWIBUIED DUTNDE OFA ~.'92 uaencvvewmocumu. M______________ ha
~- - -lt-"_......-___-..,_.<-um-=_-gr,-~._ 1.. . ___ _--_,,,.,_ . ,..:7 7___.___---.._-~-.-=...-.- ___;-_.,____ __ _ :_,'____,_ _, _ _ _ _____ = nd associates. Employee dvi ph examination at Oak 92/1dge, Tenn. , that he had and KI.-AUS FUCHS while i
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ii o e o er ouse __ e he o ave o snged owners since that time. , 5 1 ' 1 _ 5' iii '.Gleveiand Drive I _ 79' I ' " b4D
Croton- on-Hudson
New York, New York "
papcriodfor residence on Croton-on-Hudson andthat had resided in the same neigzborhood as the employee. B12549
advised that thefemplovyee and his family were reputable citizens
-' of good aasociates and loyalty; He advised that he had heard of
nothing degogatory oi the entire JE'1'I'E tamily during their period
or residence at the above address.
that she wa had beenéqbacquainted with e TIE I y or approximate five years.She advised that she found them to be quiet, respectable people 549
of good character and associates whom she considered to be loyal
Americans. _
_ " _ for approxi-
mately five years during their stay in croton-on-Hudson and hadbeen acqua
advised
r he had been
found them to he loyal Americans or good character and associates.. 4°Dé " - urscanmuaoua b J04!
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1 a ~ 1?¥f' He also advised ;=h;"=5; mg; nluucn? casually
and hsd Qiven him_cla information at s e I e_ ngs.
,. .r?The School torDemocracy was cited by the Special
Committee on Un-American Activities, Report of March 29, 1914-1|-,
pages 89 and 168 as e school established in ew York Git: by 1
Communist teachers ousted "from the public school system or New '
York city. Merged with the Workers School into the Jefferson
school oi Social Science, which has been designated by the Attorney
General or the United States pursuant to Executive Order 101450.
' Doctor KLAUS EZMIL JULIUS FUCHS was convicted of
transmitting Atcntc secrets or the United States and Britain to
the Soviet Union, and received a fourteen year sentence for vio- ~
lotion oi the British Official Secrets Act on March 1, 1950.
not know what the,-_' -bqgand n" u cm: might have been. 519.193-ll and that he
r lationship of
He advised that he does not know or recognize by
CHEN who might have been an associate or JETTE.
also advised that of his own knowled e hg e does not
ow e er RTE may have known FUCHS. Be suggested that JE'1 IE
was at Les Alamo, New Mexico where most of the scientists therekl! _ . . ; "_%?'.>-af _:_.-§.f':-..._:§'_';-_!_ >. M _,-_.;1_.¢d_ahu_jQ. could eaagget-we an. "
o ' Amay have known the relationship
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REFERENCE: Bureau letter
INFORMATION CONTAINEDDmn§¬ga1n-¬sT"'
2?,
REQ REC
In connect-ion with a. previous
- EVELYN J. ELIHE, Group mg.-1, Lou s Scientific Laboratory, ad-
vised that If-hhtimolll KIAU Cslivbdinbha "bighm1sO" at
Los Alamoa now torn down!, O CH the British Mission, HEREERP L< A E; <'*#=1#~¢a~w*#=#-»~E-"E .A ~ V 3%? ,_ i 1.. IT-?Y¥ ?$-* 193* * 6-#3, I * A imltl-Entum; ,_,;",_> A AFebruary, 1950, I
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N09581: 1:! Filafléll DOIFIDEITIM. IEPOIY AID IT! QOITZITS ME LOMIIII Y0 YOU SY THE FBI MID All 6'! 10 it l>!I1llIDlD OUTSIDE W
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In February, 1950, in connection rith another investigation, '1--3,
of Imam naliability, advised um about Thanlcsgiving lip, 1910, mm M1
been a party at her hols at Chicago, Illinois and that NIL JULIUS KIAU8 FUOEB,
ANTHONY TUBIEVIOH and others were present
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'1'-3 is Hrs. AUGIBTA I-LTELIER, Division T2, L08 Alams Scientific_I;boratory, who furnished info:-mtion on 2/21/SO.
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1A FEDERAL BUREAU OF_' INV GATION
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_ ._:9 SECTI.ITl° - c;
vicmfz Fsznmxcxr nszssxopy, ea, Victor Friedrich SL»CUPlTi' ACT, 1950
vi _ i r
SYNOPSIS OF FACTS: -
Subject resides at Cambridge, Eassachusetts, and is e1:.pl-L»;-ed as e '
Professor of Physics, i§a.sse.c11usetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Zbssechusetts, a. key facility. Subject does not I~.e'-re access to
_ N classified materiel, but does have access to areas at Kassachusetts
Lzstitute oi Techml-ogy" in '.-.'hicZ1 classificc-. material may be located.
Sv.b,3'ect;- on occasian, acts in Ci1p&Cit:." of censu."-_te.nt on classified
I contre.ct'= sf Project Lil-1co].n at Iiasseichusetts Institute oi Tec'rm'ologY,
. ' k ~ Project Idrzccln is nut a key f."<ciJ.it1'. Inf !r:~e::t in 1953., believed subject
to be acquainted 2.-itl: scientists interested in Corixuziism, and therefore
possibly a" security risk, Fellow scientists consider subject to belorel '.r::¬>""'5.ca.n and 0pp0SGd to Soviet Farm of Covcrntert, 1 _' U, 1-. _ ~ 92_ . . , - .: .A_ , _/If Fl C50 e mm an /4.41->/ 4' , 5
c ' ~is
The title of this/r= rt 15 being narlzed changed to include the alias[7 VIC192.E. %QRIC!{.L..elSSKUPF as reected in the Ic"=.e:+t§i§z;ation -.".ec-arc; I . I oftwe subject, W E ' '0 -J!. 3'" In-m/o¢
£11 informants nontionec. in this report - are oi 1-cnosrn relia gt}, unless,"othoraiee designated. ' LGm d no
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. /, I 1* A- QF FB1-:This confidentiai report and its contents are loaned to you by the F 8 Oi 10 beI ' £354 dnstnbuted outsnde of agency to winch loaned. mill, 0 In
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.-'j _6*"bqp . r 1.--. or-_Iu, Chicago Divisi-.1n in the Fell of 1951 ---*
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J2.:/' ts -!
as 100-177142
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that she had 1:no'..n the subject" since tppw:§m.t¢1y 1927 when mtn
she em-. the subject had been fella: students at the University
of Gottingen, Germany. She advised that c.ur:Lng the period of their
attendance at 7cF5t_TFiversity, 1927--1930, thozchad been considerable
Corxznmist agitatim -'.*.m92mg the students oi the University. She
stated that t.! the best !f her Zm->-.:lec?.gc, the subject had never shetn
any interest in Communist activity at the University, and that she
has alxrays held the epini an that the subject has been actually against
the Communist fem of Government, She advised tmt in 19h5 she me.
been employee! fer a she:-t period at the Les .U.e.mos, I-Io-.: Liexice, _
Project em: h:-4. occasi-anal visits iith the subject, zrh.! was also
emplogreci that Prsject. She stated that while at Les Al.-mos,
,92 _DR. IGJ*.I3§UQ-_IS, "rho in 1950 ".r.s sentenced in Enggand to fmrteen
" -- "§'e£r§':fr1 pris£1' after having pled guilty to charges of having92
- ' transmitted e.t!nic secrets of bath Britain anc-. the United States/ te the S<!v'.i.-_:~t Uni m, hac. cmtact -..'i,th bxth the subject md herself.
She stated that as b!th she zmd the subject had obtained their
Ph,-D. Degree at Edinburgh, Scotlancl, under the butorship Of'PI'.!fCSS'92J1'
BQFII, and as FUCE-IS"had also stucliec. Lndcr Prafcssor BR-EH1! it was
anly natural that she, the subject, and FUCI-IS':-ere in '_!CcZ'..SiJI11'--1
contact with each ether, She stated, h-rrrever, that to the best of
her law-.:lcc.go, the subject had not been t close associate -Jf FUCHS,and that bath she and the subject had completely surprised at
the ctmvictian of FUCI-B as in their cm ersatims there hcd never
been e.ny'inc.icc.tiun that FUCHS zras interdted in Cexrnzunism. In
addition, statcc. that the subject was uncbubtedly acquaintedg tith E:-efes_§g_r and associated Trith scientists in Europe5 -.:ha mTE5c1 .. ified as Cemunists, but that she believed. that539 the acquaintanceship .:~.nc-. ass mietion were purely in the interest of
science and net because the subject was personally interested inCommunism, A '
. Istated that she had recently cmversec. '..ith the subject
-:. é an internatianal cmference -an neuclear physics held at the
University of Chicago on September 20--21, 1951, and that during
their c-Jnversetian there had been no inC.ic:.ti~m uhich ts-teas -
her to believe the subject hw became interested in Gm:.m.n-ism.
09 J"