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_ - _"lInit0d ltatu, Iaaarn, talaphonically contacted Qocial I-glut -mmm, at the mama 02:1», and advised an um -.
" a Dr. I708, 0! 2330 Qcnneeticutjvanna, I.I., lpartaant B26,
_ Iaahinghn, .O., had intonation consuming Graatat antivitiaa.
n - _ * 0; ham :9, 1950, Dr. nolnncamo u upupa 1» my .
< Pravantiva 9iaaaaaa lliriiion, _0£_tico of the Onrgoca Oanaral, United Otaha
kw, was contacted by Special, Agent JAIB J. IQCLBI. Dr. MIDBOI _"
" said that within the nut in, mat-ha to upoctad to Ingland
"for a three-not visit. 81a alviaad that he urn
work daa I111 ha in contact with persona in a~ itonrofclnizyvitlathalruié Shauna":-tedthat 1andtrun'.
' -Oetohar, 19b1, tn IQ, 19 , ma from lcrth, 1 bar, 19116.
than In that aha concerns! 92 hon: new "i MR8. l.D.-, and lL 1'l'E8| Ilia I120, bothylritim nbjecta.' m-. wan:-rm' mun um. 3; D;-. warm ' or at-._ but were anon Qlj knew! mn It-._ Eaha iith then, aqiei: vita, when they ta-avolud -
. anroaatolnropaonatreightar. Bheaaidthatthotripbytraightar_ g tin Iaeka and in that tin: aha bacana qm¢_:a-mm; Iitl; _ _ - _--'albu-
Lnghar.
- Dr.RI'DI!0latatadthatahaaahanaia&q1anadaeh1anpdto snuuzy at Yiaiting Scientists. hm aociaty, aha adviaod, ' i .
n Foatarod to professional paaplo tron all nor the world and aapocially . ' 4" to fcoinlafa. _8ha atatad that Dr; IIIAIBB attandad may of than . 53 '
hnotima and on at ha an aacaaion in July, 19746, a -known " Q?. ' lb. HDHw" " ad aoan picturaa at . raeentlyin the nanapapara
at aha had aoen lain-aithar at Que 6! tb aociaty aftaira cfat
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f It i.l§6'92IO@tdIi-$91.". RINSE lttiidthntlhllltdlb jtuna to question tin loyalh or patriot-in/oln IIAIIB. louver,%:-43 i-M "
aha tn-shined this infatuation Incas thin no gin the an of
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unnamed about Dr. IXIATESH bum; perlittod to trawl rathcr freely _
brand this sentry. BM stated that in bolzluvod that he lad rtlitod
tho I:-oolhnunP1I.ntonInng Inland, and nbnvu also eoncorad about
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N?- Elsa Irarguertte Babel: _ .-- Iortvtlle, New fort 0'50 0 elf; Q E, r,-.
Dear lice Gee belu '-
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_ Iaur letter postmarked Auguat 25, 1950, ,
'" has been received, and I do appreciate the thoughts
which pr-aapted you to write. _ _ - ,
_ » " It ta suggested that if you have tnfor- ._
nation of poeetble interest to this Bureau, you
nay desire to borreepond directly with the Special Agent in Charge of our Albany Office, '70? National '._ 1' Saving: Bani atldin , Albany 7, New fork. ' 1 9 . - _ . _
Sincerely your-e, s /_
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to adviee you, aith respect to the allegation et Saul lack' en?_thet in 1943 Q 1944» he an an individue}. hiFr3H"¬51:e
hiée" the Pentagcn ettiee at Ht. Colonel I-ouie 6. Boherer, tint
available inter-ntion reects Q1; an ove:rml.'ght vieit by che in
Eehingtun, D. 6., daring the peried that Reeenberg chine employmentat the Pentegcn; and to recunend an interview at Bcherer. ' I
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In a neaenndun dated Adgaet 31, 1950, entitled "Special Agent
me G. Bobinette, Ieehinktm eld 0t£:l.ce,l Ihich aet forth above-
aentioned allegation yen inquired whether we had checked thin out.
' A rev-in or harem lee has been made to deteraine, ii poaeible,
the period of lloeenbe:rg'a uplayaent at the Pentagon and to detunina
available intenaticn concerning the iaereabmte oi Ihehe chriug the
<Bu'eau tiles reect that Saul Jack Roeenherg led cplaynentapplicitiene with the mrean in lboelber 1943 and Angus I- _ *1; fr 1"empleyneat applicatiaa lieted Raeenbem-g'e employment 1; _ ' "'-. ms, sq. Proym m-mm, Pentigm mm my 1, $|F|19"" 3.-.-L -3 _ * - DAT . ,.
' Ih emzznegtim Iith the December 1943, appilieatian tor t, 1% 1/V.
Roeanbarg Ill 1:lt_e__rv'ieIT|ed at the lehingtcn Iield Office at which tile tb _general inpreeefhe or the applicant were in pert recorded than ' I
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endehereebouteetlhdum, may 1950, alter
concerning e QM:-eeeeaGlliililfdihihlllilfl, "< veri _ _.;
1.944, rem uum I-ihindm, n. 6.-, tar e ecnterence nan an Jenee'_,"=* _ U ~>
mun to pa vuasuraauwiuuqun, ».¢,§:¢_&; ~ 9': -°'~ _s-58005-36! <
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1.950, Ihdxeiee eakedihetherhehellever v1ei.tedIuhl.n¢t-ca, 9.0,
lereepinmgepurpoeeeeadhenetedntbehedaet. leeullthil
n1yv1e1teteIeeh1n¢ten,D.¢_4,Ihere1nDeenber19A3,Ihnheerr1ve
inhlnitedlteteeqdeteppedevemight InhJy194b,
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Bebe:-er eae employed by See: and Roebuck, oego, Ililinede, -
true 1933 to 2.912. Be we enployed by the United Btatee A-ey, Chdoego
Qdnanoe llletriot, Gldcego, DJJ.ne1e, than Jamar; 1942 to hpet 1912,
end am an new am until mm-y 191.5, 2» me employed W cm u. ..
e. aw, e;. mr, momma, n. 0.,-um Me um tee -cm: 0! a-men";end he no in elm-ge of grograeing end control of ground enppliee the - t N
the u. a. Any. me lehrue:ry 1945 to mmrm 1946, he Iee nu--me
ot Supply tor MR3, Inc., lee Ierk City. Be Iae unmployed boa member
1946 to Jh1y_194'h then he took employment Itth the Lntanetio Gaehier '
Gmpuq of lleeeaohueette. Iran February 1943 to the dete oi epplieetlon
m employment em cn, mm; hroh 14, 1946, he Iae upland by up
lbparteent of State, 21st end C Streets, I. .I., eee foreign ehirepeeieliet. - - ' » » - A '
the inveetigetien or Soherer tailed to develop en; derogatory
into:-eatlca ooneemng hie. * It Iae noted, however, that chrrihg hie
Implement eith C111! he Ina eeeooieted with Alexander B. twee, eh e
etteu-my eeeoedated in the rm or Fovler, ies end Synihgton, 1703 I
Street, I, I., lehihgtoe, D. O. Bree reportedly eeeociated with numerous
ihdlviduele of Ounniet eilietioh end eynpethyo It Ill eleo developed
that the heme or Ire. Lou}! G. Seherer ljpelfiii on e euberehip Met o! _
the Iaehingtcn Bookshop Association obtained on Iehrnery 18, 194$. This '
list indicated that ehe last paid dues on tetruery 10, 191.3. - The Ielhington
Bookshop Aeeooieticn has been declared within the purview of keoutive
Oder B835» Ill flei of this, omtaot Iae lede Iith emdentieil. infornnte
acquainted with cceeeuniet Party membership end eetivitiee in Eahington,
D. 0., bet they were unable to eeeooiete Ire. Bcherer w her huehend Iith
tb Caemniet may ct caemmz n-on: crgenizetione. us-3994!
Qgcomendatdoh: . ' - _ -
' Itde reoonended that Lt. Colonel Innis 6. Bohel.-er be intendeeed
concerning hie elleged eeeooietien Ilth hche.
lb the event you app-ore, there 1e attached en eyjrojriete letter
to the ehingtcn Held 0£.oe¢ 'I
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' Ilh connection with the invsstigation ct Bin-y Gold and rolstod Iubjsots, sane of than an present]; under pr-ossoutim,it is necessary to sake Inqusnt 2-ate:-ones to tho lban-described
ossotilss. Ihasmuchuthsooldmdrolatod ouossrsbsingslipszfvissd in Bom.22hh-b6, it 1| hollowed that the shove-described:11» shouldbs uimumamnmzzné, mm thvyvinho 1-nan;locsssibls.
Res§ou|no' A Andat lmi _
' It is rooounamlad that suthcs-it; be to maintain
Ind Ioocsso tiles in Roan 22146. . »
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I have discussed this matter Iith Ir. Frank Iaikart of
the Records Section, and he advises that as long as those tilesare in oonstantuas it is more advantageous to the Records Sectionalso to maintain than in Room 221:6. -mums '_ w Y1; - 66" . _E k, , J% W» . /u
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During the courae of mother investigatim being omdueted by this
qt£1¢e'Ir,.KUEl92Q..BBBEB, 123 Zamora heme, Coral G|.h'l.ee, Florida, I88 inter.-
. viewed. He described himself ee a radio commentator, lecturer and author. Ir. '
BEBE stated that three spy booke Iritt-an by him had been published, they
being Duel tar the Northlandi, Iapiee and Traitors, and 13000 learn atlm1mg t he na éontenpleting writing 0. fourth, which would den].
- Iiththe ca.ee.Heaa.i.dthatheIogJ.dgeth1eeouroeuter1a1£rennen-
paper accounts, public regards, andtz-an at least two individuals who he be-Jieres met have u om-mm. aa identified these as Professor:4 and em? . =
He stated that NEE
organisation at Kiel, Gemnny and
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an mmm 1n!19"IlFl6itaa, m , . m eaclmaet A I
professor at ems school located in New England. ""5?-1
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echoalbeamedrad1cdin;thatFLmthmnnttoLeipd;mdbeoam ~
active the Omlmhiat Student Union. Ronald. that FUCHS! ham tonne .
In1p:Ii.g.s.Heaei.dthat@lnetheauthnre£tIowe11=-kncm@e,£Ihe_E555 . ; thntillyae 1n0sechoa1ova.k:I.n.!.nIL9li9 nnd1950 nor in the States writing nether book. He stated tha.t_IA1 ', @m- '6 M '~5*he=*=*%" W.» #- 14*-_1-w M-==»*
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i nil briothubanbroken lmlntpcr copnnieme into the
101101103 min haoAin3a:- - ' _ . _.~ ..
I. Btu-y of beta, Jurindiction,'Go11aboz-ation Iith the» 31-mm ~ " . ' A
' _ II." Fuchs Bacgground, Relatives, Activities, Prolecutiaa _
_ III. facts Concerning Ane1_-iean Bnpionngc Ooutact ~ - ' _
eung Idantiticatian u an-1,0011 M/_ 7
<V. lulu Scientic Inovledgu ml Disclosure to Russian }
Fuchs llpionage Contact: Outaih the §tatu _
- VII. Idnntitiuticn out an Bubnequant b
Duulopanta ' ; "
VIII; Diueninatim . . " an: "p~
i uetioihnstotaaturtodiithtbnnympninot -9' ' =
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. " " ._ ,5 is dii'0ct0d- tut that eoimidnrdblc iltornticn I
,_' from bani: lntnilinthiabriot. layqglmr,
. - ion by nu, having bollthis t "received under ogreun V diueniutot. Barn inooutaimd in the brie! _ inforlntim relating to vmrujhw - - - A V A. -- pll
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been let forth. Incident: ouch an the Lord Portal affair Iere not set
forth and diatorted pron account: dealing with alleged eetiwitiee of
FBI agents in Britain ehich lave no baeie in tact, have been ignored; '
' the eecti tb Investigation heceding the Identification, or Barry Gold n or com-ee, been 'mma.r1oed to e considerableextent. However, rt wee made to indicate the ccope or our inveeti-
gative ettorte and to ebov the interaction which led no to concentraAbrehen Brotmen and hie associates which led to the conclusion that fa - 5! 11' Harry Gold and, of course, Gold: ultimate identi.cati
Ion will note that the interriewo with Gold, Bmthlen, and " i a uaociatee are reported in Section VII, together with b- ' information concerning Gold and recent developments.
1 It in mum but mt thin brief covert the investigation of
Ilene ruoha and Hurry Gold. Beperate brie! are being prepared covering thefollowing indiwidmle whom Gold -Q soviet eepionege activities:
Abrahen Bro
Alfred
The brieta covering these latter individual! will be mmune
you upon completion. . _
Action:
lone. me attached brie! ie tor your eonaideration and use an e
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nger, ms pmding _a patitim tor nahu~aJ.1sate:I.cu 92_tea District Court for the Southern Di.gtr:1ct ct I/I
Singer is the subject at carmspmdancq hamu Barvieofmdar your lo-"Kurt m,
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that Singer has furnished Lnformtim with respect '
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3.01 West 58th Street
Central Park Sauth
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and I do hope I'll see dA',1:L;;ht scan.
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add.maamt1lJcna19fhand£rm.m1y51-20'1. O£oourao,ym_ 0*/' _ . . ._
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I . 1Oie Memorandum - UNITED sTA'ri=.s eovnnumnnr
TO = Director, FBI mu: September 21, 1950
nos = BAG, New York . m
" " T _sus1ncr= IOOGASE
E5PIONAC':E- R
Bufile 65-56805 _
Rebulet 9/7/SO wherein reference is mode to report of SA Chester A. .
-1 Reilly, new York City, 8/L/50, mtitled mnmmm srm, Ina, ancunm nrrzn-c ~l;';;§l§§ The informant from whom this information wee received ram J
and this informant is used in reporting information relative to the Nation b
Council of American Soviet Friendship. Furthermore , the statement that."the b'7 D
e informant reported that Steel ahould also give some cozy talks," et c , 3.- should be interpreted as a suggestion nude by mngfnnn to B!6 of the XCASF as such was the information ori received from e informant - .v :1 r .and not zh¬_$,592AEb a program had been -established tor S'1EEL'8 proposed speakingpi I 'bOl.l1'e M - - / '
"E" 9 This itan relative to S'1'EB13'S alleged eonversationds with l OHS
,§;.;;;:jj;;;§ was the only piece or infomiation received from this informant and no additional
info:-mat o or c cation has ever been received concerning the aforementioned am. $§ vi I
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_. __ .~_ . _ . . _.1 _ ' ' _l _ 1. ' '. ! . - ' '-_ an " ' ' d 1:-en e anally reliable eoureeQ, W ]§{qm1té :qA1a:°5..::Soviet Friendship contemplated eepegklng tour for Johemal smt,-an-mg which 12 rel Iv1e:sW1 "Msml nah: :1 "M1 "1"" "°°"° mu gm;-gm msn:uhi3.£:=-?£ hacomm-e e wt lplotm and with Xlme Fuebe on t _
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; ,le1ennc'i 1| aha report or Special Age star A. n=u1y,' x
, dated August E, '19503:_§t In Iqtlly, untitled Johann: 1, Ia, Security
latter ~ C. _ . _.g;i' -. 2?,=¢ . -n ' .
' On page 01: of ntonabed apart. lnfonnticn 1| net turth to the 7effect mzg¢mm| sun tugboat to-uh: 1 mum; um throughout m
lidveat on halt of the Ia'c1omJ._Co92m4;11 on Ancrlean-Soviet friendship,
< _ Gnu-inguhichtcelvutogivfa l5i'<0btIt921ll'bQ1'O1'!IJ.1gI.'duplOnIl"- cubJeet Of his eonni-tionn um Izmv and with I1au%i|:hl mm-¢ the
I *5 latte;-'1 arrufj [:4 ~ .. v < " > _» _
"* ' {he Iev Io: Office is requested t5'supply all pouible detail:
concerning the alhgud. cénnection between Steel and Fuchs in a eununication 2
V ifélptloned nutter. '
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Dircctcr, FBI
%CASE
. ISPIOHAGB - BScptnbcr 21, 1950
Q! SQCILL IESSEEGEB
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I 92Oicé Memomzzlum - UNITED s'rA.. is Govnnezucni ~
I}! -
DATE: A
Director, FBI August 21, 19509I£°/gkcux HOITEL, SAG Yfashirgton Field'°~°"_ am. JULIUS mtgwqw, eke ~l557="_5 7 9,5 ' _- - mxsm. mus nmmmr, aka pm» 31-{$3355-> _t ssvxomcz.-n -~ ~ ~ ,4
Re telephone call £1-cm Inspector C. E. HENNRICH of the Bureau to SAG P8
regarding the contact had between SAUL JA SENBERG and Special Agent FRED
G. RCBINETTEGIT! HUITEL of the Washington Field Office W date requesting information N
. 92§
SA ROBINETTE interviewed ROSENBEH3 in agpromately pr 19b9, in- connection with a loyalty investigation eoncernizg w m. Hr.
ROSENBEH3 was a former neighbor of SHESTOPLE. At the time of this interview,
Hr. R BEN.BEHG was unable to furnish any information whatsoever concerning
SHESIOPLE, even though he had been a. close neighbor of hers. The results or
this interview were reported in the aforementioned loyalty investigation.
the
' in him.Since that time, Hr. ROSENBERG has
office as well as . 4
h?/
, upon on these occasions,
to indicate thy he felt anyone would have such an interest
In the early sprlzg of this year, Mr. ROSENBERG came to see Agent ROBINETTE
at the office, stating that he had sunething on his mind. ,~_§_e then gave a somewhatrambling account of his government service irxiicati11gthAthe at one time had been92 employed at the Pentagon in some cleieal capac§§§ or three Amy officers.
He stated that because he was Jewish, he had B diecritxinated against, perseouted, and "black ballad" and that one such persorhzsost a. e§n this eampaig
92 -' _ _ He stated that on one eecesien he naqhqeiea late _+2q_ in some overtime.- - lccording to-ROSENBERG, this was .lii,a_=hahit, and"on thii ' , he had seen en
~_1 individual sitting across the desk 1rom'tl1e Oi , ROSENBER5-_ nwas an Army Officer named S1-IEAEER, , ?r'_'.g,-5;, , __ A -
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~- - Stated that he was able to observe the peek 6i"'this indiv1dua1's head and the
right hand side of his ace, and that' e':nqw thinks it was FUCHS, after seeingFUCHS picture in theaqépr. .- ' t ~_' J 7 . "
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65-S325
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He was interviewed for further infomation to substantiate this but
could furnish no description whatsoever or give any other identiryirg data.
Hr. ROSENBERG 15.5 advised by Agent R BINE'I'TE that he could receive no
assistance from this office in this matter. '
No record was made of this matter at this time because KC
and - HS "°" °
1 en 1 or pertlnent lnformation
regarding the unknovm subject he saw in SI-1EARER's office.
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"l'.___.lndidmzn, nun ha nor thinks In !hchl,I.n eonhct, with Lt.0o3.cnn1
Snail 0. Bohnur at tin Int-02!: attics in the Pan?-ngon handing.
. ArcricrcttlnIu.rcnu'lt11uonf1oct92nt1nlnq>1o3nont
application 21.106 by Saul Jack combo:-5 lnlzgqt 191.7, In indicted
tmthoaunp1o1udattbl?mtagci92dnn.ng£hportod£rmI.71,19&2
1|O'l1_1;1-94. An1lablo1n£orant1un1nth.1.amlnhS.1|tnru.t1uct-any1ndopcna_emt0v1<hnuautlndmIu1n_Iuh$ng'bun,D. 9-,|n'1ort-oénly m -
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inluhingtm, D. 0.$.nDuoai>ar 191.3, twmonrmgzt stop,
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Iith rupee: to Lt. ¢q1me1 mu 0. Bdnrar, an in believed that
ho is idantical with Louis "hula: Sduu-or, dho as investigated by up
human in tho rst halt at 1949, in ammonia-ion with his appltutim to:
nnplqlant by tho Ont-ml Iatalngenoo lgonw. In daroptory tutu-nation
anucerntng Samar Mmoll, Ill dovolcpod, though the report at 5pac1|.1
Lgant Robnrt 0. Ohicheatar, Iuhingtcn, D. 0., dated. lay 12, 19-£9, 70111
tile 118-396, ntlogtn that the nun ntra. Louis 0. scboror appoarad .
Q 1 cube:-amp Lint of tbnluhington loohhqp Aaaouutiaru having 1.u't. I
paid duo: an Iobnury 10, 1910. 3ubI6qmanB squu-7 of &ih1,n8bq92 mg-..
Int: tailor! to uaontlto Ira. Sahara: or her hllbllll with Oonunilt
Party or Ccmmiat trout a-gnnintimn. It till also be noted tint during
Sdzu-or'a cnploylant with CARR, 1:10., he no uaocinhocl with Alnnndar I.
linen, aha of CARS, an bu numerous Iubnraim uaodhtaa mconiing
to 1n.to|.-nun?-l otyour attics. A ~ _
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.4 . _Oice Memum»-"dam - UNITED S'1n.1.n.o GOVERNMENT
Ir n u Ladd 5!, ' na'm= Beptmnber 20, 1950T~.¢::.92;¢:.|.a-'2-%': i -=£92;¢'5-I-J...-... -.-mm ,__.*5%'.'.:.4...Zu.'!_>l-L1-_--"" '.-__-.-a.e. '- ' ":-.L»-L-._;,_.-.-i..- ._'...... _. _.._..- - _ .-A- _ -_~.,.. - ...._._-. ....~.
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SUBJECT. FOOCASE
EPIONME - B
@0882 _#2
To recommend that the briefs in the Foocaee and related
eases not be brought up to date at this time.
Details:
Z As you I131 recall briefs were prepared in the Fooease and the
related cases enumerated below. mess briefs have been periodicellxr
brought up to date. They Iere last brought up to date as follows:
Foooase including Harry Gold! - September 13, 1950 7.-.1AJ.£red Dean Slack - September/I, 1950 l PM
Julius Rosenberg - September 1, 1950
Abraham B1-othman - August 25, J-950' -92-;~
KELL
E 6
1. 1 -David Grlnnglhss - August 28, 1950 1 L I 6,Thomas L Black - August 28, 1950 ' -"""""i""Horton Sobell - September S_Il., 1950 will be submitted that date!
Further developments of significance in the above cases 11111 be --
noted and brought to your attention as they occur. ,5, I
!-IXRecommendation: ' M .__> 9292
H _.- i t 92_
92 92 ' Q It is recommended that the briefs in the above cases not bee =
brought up to date until a specific need arises.
65-58805
cc - 65-5918365-59028
65-57l¢l»9
65-59181
65-58236
100-3 650140
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' > ucurdingly, you should bring your copy up-t_o--date in line with
the Iolluling plgaa should bo delltud tron
your copy of the brie! as it now stands and
deatrayad: 43, 4?, 40, 141, 146, 1475; 1.470,
1478, 148, 150, 1515, 1518, 1510, 151.1, 152,
153, 156, 157', 158, 160 mm 163 165 thru165, rm, 1'11, 1'12, 111., 175, 17%. - A
me tollmring page: in your brief nhould be
rmusered as follows: ange 147 to 216, .
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147! to 221;, 1470 to 225; 151 to 167,"
1511! t-9 17231513 to 17351.2? to 174,
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for inaction the b1-10¢: ,5 10 of content:
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__Q]fC6 Memogndzmz - UNITED srxrss eovsnumswr
J . .
To : 1'}-,9 mrggtdr DATE: September 26' 1959_ V > 2 um /
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,_;/F to advise you that Louis Char1 he:-er, formerF, _. Lieutenant Colonel, was interviewed conce g the allegation of ~=~____.Saul Jag-Effosenberg that he believed he saw Fuchs in Scherer's Pentsgon__-
office 943 or 1944, and that scherer denies knowing Fuchs. _
DETLIIB 8 » »
. By memorandum dated August 31, l950 entitled "Special Agent
F;-ed G. Robinette, Iashington Field 01ce,I it was set forth that
Saul Jack Rosenberg believed he had seen Fuchs in 5oherer's office
in 1943 or 194.6, and you inquiried whether we had "checked this out."
- By memorandum dated September 12, 1950 in this matter you '
were advised um hvailable interaction in this case indicated um.
Fuchs had been in Washington D. C. on-on1y one occasion during the period
of Rosenbei-g's employment at the Pentagon which ended Hay-1, 1941»
Fuchs visit in Washington was en overnight stop in December, 1943,upon arrival in the United States an? while he was en route to New York.
This memorandum requested authorizat on to interview Lieutenant Colonel
Louie C.- Scherer and authority -was granted. - -
39 teletype dated September 25, 1950, the Washington Field
Office advised tmt
- pl1o_tggz-ephe of Klaus Fuchs. Boherer ogu1d__not identify the phObQE'8.ph."
P 0 0 ____m,.-___._.. Y . _ c ere_r._§.?i§Q£L5@¢§__Y_h§__E1<Z§!-113.Fl - the
newjeps er publicity ih__the matter. He stated tmt he definitely. does he*3eserime g the
years, I§Z§3I97Z and said that during those years he did not know
of any visitors who were connected with the llanhstten Engineering. District. He stated that his offices had requirements which he +1m_'TTii_ .. Q - ' ~=*---$031361: oocass / -" : ssmomm - n e 92 ' {K
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Boherer continued that the only disaffected individuals in
his offices were a captain named Greenberg and a etatictician named
Rosenberg. He described the latter as Ijust unhappy" apparently because
he was not promoted rest enough. Boherer said that he knew and saw
Rosenberg daily for s long period of time and that his 1rhole'persone3.
attitude towards his superiors was not good and that he was a grudging
employee and simply s lpain in the neck."
I-OTION: - ' .
None. For your information.
4.
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Director, FBI _
non SAC, Raw York
C92
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POOCLSE
EPIC!-@ R
Bufile 65-$8305- -. .. -.%.._._. __....
#1072 UNITED! GOVERNMENT
mm: Saptember 26, 1950
1 report has been dictated on captioned nutter and I111 be submitted
on completion ct transcription
JC-W Di ' n
65-15136
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A L INWRMAT . . - c: admitted espionaére acltiiities in the _ Rim 13 "QC SSIHED <11 ' , States. islhackgfmn, . i I -'.__»é_ V iation and motivation and hiephysical Q, 7,?-T:-L
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' HFTRETN TS '7"¬C.'!,.#
. _ um:-ze snout omonm2rn_sxc.=:m~ =-*/7 '#1 . - -DETAILS: - ~ e {interviews of FUCHS, which were all conducted
_ ' Assistant Director HUGH H. CLEO-G and SA ROBERT 'j_
J. in ormwood Scrubs Prison in the presence of a'repE*esen- Q
tative' of the British Security Service, occurred on Hay 20, 22i-27, ,
30, 21, and June 1 and 2 , 1950. The first substantive matter taken .
up with Dr. FUCHS during the initial interview on Ely 20, 19§0_,_92921es_
the exhibition-to him oi four photographs of }L'92IL'?,I GOLD, first M '""*"~-of these photographs was the identification picture of GOLD which *
92- previously had been shown to FUCHS and rejected; The other three _
photographs were .-surveillance photographs of GOLD, two of which had
. been prepared frczn the motion picture photographs taken by special .
agents of the Philadelphia Office on May 18, 1950. -These four photo- .-'- 4 ._ 1:
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other photographs, FUCHS quickly rejected all other _photographs , "
_ including the identification picture of HARRY GOLD, 1eav:Lng'only the
p three surveillance photographs of HARRY GOLD. After" studying these _ 92
photographs for some time, FUCHS stated: I cannot reject them."
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certainty, stating they were mt clear enough for an identification,
but still maintaining'that there was enough similarity so that he
could not reject them, ' .
The following description of the American espionage contact
was obtained from FUCI-B during this interview:
Not known, but may have ed hicontact by the name o CK o;Q¬EPH
A roximately 35 ye s '$8 or SI 9|!
175 pounds
I-levy, broad build
Dark - does not remember hair line
Does not recall
Dark
Fairly BroadEyeglasses: A NoneHons ache: No '
speech: No accent, but believes speech could be
East U. Se Coast
Believes contact mentioned wife and
children
Hay have mentioned having lived in
Philadelphia. Appeared well acquainted
with New York City» -
Described contact as being of middle
class, with some knowledge of chemistry
and engineering, He may have been Jewish
- Smoked cigarettes. "
Dress: Not recollected clearly, but remembers
' . dark suits and dark overcoat and usually
WDTG hat;
' On the morning of Monday, May 22, 1950, motion picture film
_ depicting E!1§zBX_QQ@ was shown to FUCHS. These movies were the ln'1s
taken urrier sunreiJ.1ance conditions by the Philadelphia Office, Dr.
FUCHS viewed three repeat showings of this motion picture film oi
HARRY GOLD, and stat-ed'at the end of the first viewing, "I cannot
be absolutely positive, but I think it is very likely him. There
are certain mannerisms I seem to recognize, etch as the too obvious
way he has of looking aroimd and looking back." A moment or two
pa '.Name :
Age :
Height: .
Weight:
Build :
- Hair: _
Eyes : .
Complexion: J
Face:
llhrital Status:
Characteristics:
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later, Dr. FUCI-B stated, in answer to a question, that there was some-
thing that did not quite fit but that might be explained by the passage
of time. He then requested a second showing of the film and it was '
again projected, At that time FUCHS stated, in answer to a question,
that there was nothing in the physical appearance of the man shown
which was dissimilar to his recollection of the physical appearance
of his American espionage contact, He advised that the countenance
of the person in the moving pictures was in a serious vein, and
that practically always when he was contacted by his contact, he
observed he was in a happ: er frame of mind, as ii he were pleased with
the importance of his assignment, and, although not exactly bombastic,
this word almost-described his pleased countenance and demeanor, The
projection machine was then moved further away from the screen in order
to enlarge the projection, and at the conclusion of this third pro-
jection, FUCHS stated that the identification was "very likely,"
On May 21¢, 195:5, shortly after moo an, still photographs
and motion picture photographs taken of HARRY GOQ3 and nhic heapparently had posed for were received or thecourse of the in- .0
terview with FUCHS at Wormwood Prison. FUCPB viewed the still photo-
graphs of GOLD, and after examining them he stated, "Yes, that is my
American contact," There was then projected the motion pictures of '
GOLD, and after viewing them the first time FUCHS said, "That is him,
my American contact," FUCHS, on May 26, 1950, wrote the follomng
in his own hand-wri Ion the back of each of two oi these photographs:"I identify this ograph as imness of the man whom I knew
under the name o YLDNIJ - KLA CHS - 26th May 1950." Copies
of these photogr hs have been furnished previously to New York and
Philadelphia by letter dated June 6, 1950.
BACKGROUND OF FUCHS 'AS FURNISHED BY HIM
. mm mwsimvs FUCHS stated that he was born on Deoembj?? ,
1911, in Russelsheim, Germany, Ho said that his father, EMIL, is UCF
presently engaged in a teaching post at the University of Leipzig,
Germany, His mother-Is name was ELSE WAGNER FUCHS. She is now de-
ceased, One sister named ELIZABETH was married to an iniividual by
-the nam of KI1I'0WSKI, and she committed suicide in about 1938,FUCPS éid that it had been reported at one time that her husband,
1253;, was dead but that this report was not true, and that
Gennamr and was an a,gj»_§~y§__§3_gn_1nun__i_§_t. HIGHS only brother, GERHAILD
cqs, was, according to FUCHS, presently living in Davos, Switrland,
' ~ !:- 4 n ':92""".E t 5'2! .E LE1 its -3 "
-3-H _ W4 learned that this individual was presently in the Eastern Zone
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FIR? eNI as-15136 r
and was in Q sanitorium there because oi s tuberculosis condition,
It might be noted at this point that according to the British Security
Service Representative, _mG$ has left Davos, Switzerland,
and is believedto be presently in Germany.! FUCHS said that he last
saw his brother, GERHARD, in Switzerland in l9h7, when he made s tript . .- - here in order to do s ,s, g p ' _
_
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present inie mental institution in Westboro, Massachusetts. FUCHS
was unable to give, in any great deal, the background of his sister
KRISTEL, and was unable to furnish the date oi her marriage to ROBERT
I-IEINEMAN, but roughly calculated this date on the age of the HEINEkL4.NS'
oldest child. He stated that KRISTEL had come to the'United States
during the 1930's and had attended Swarthmore College, and he believed
she also had attended,'Bryn Mam, _ <
It is to be noted at this point that FUCHS was questioned as
to the Communist background and activities of his immediate family,
and he declined to furnish any info:-nation at first with respect to
this, stating that he did not see that it was pertinent to the purpose
of the questioning. He was also asked as to whether his father, EM11.
FUCHS, a pastor, knew about his Communist activities in Germany, and
whether his father was in sympathy with those activities._ He replied
that his father had believed in his children doing as they saw fit,
Later, during the questioning of FUCHS, he stated that his sister,KRISTEL HEINEMAN, had been actigg in mzderglgund _i;';,Ge;1_nl.;_ny,
but that he did not know if she had every ac uzilr been a membefbi
the Communist Party. In speaking of ROBERI HEINEMAN, FUCHS stated
that on one oi his first visits to the I-IEINEIMAN home, probably at
Christmas, 19h3, he gained the impression that ROBERT ixsixislmz ims a
Cmmmmist, or at least was in favor 01; the CO!n[!l.__1r_1;§.stAphilOS0phy_, '
FUCHS stated that he was educated at the Universities of
Leipzig, Kiel and Berlin, and also had attended Bristol University in
England after his arrival there in the summer of 1933- In 1937, FUCIE
took post-gmdudte work at the University oi Edinburgh. He stated
that his work under a research scholarship at the University of
Edinburgh was interrupted by his internment as an alien in my oi
1910. With respect to this internment, rucns said that'in July,
19b0, he was -sent from Ihzgland as an internee to Canada, arriving
in Canada in July, 19b0, and being interned first at cane L, which
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which is near Quebec, He was later moved to Camp H, which isncar
Montreal. FUCHS was returned from Canada in late l9l4O, eni was released
in England in January, 19h1. He returned to the University oi Edinburgh,
RUDD IEBI5. FUCHS stated that he became a naturalized British ,-and in hey, bl, he moved to Birmingham, England, where he began L
resear k on the Atomic Energy project there under Professor _ _
citizen in hay, 19143»
COMMUNIST AFFILIATIONS AND IDTIVATION "* ,1'_- ____ _ _____ __ '1
FUCHS stated that he joined the Gcmnunist Party of Germany
while he was attending the University of Kiel.» He said that while at
the University of Kiel, he had been the head of a group of German
Communist sttxients, and he said that the Nazi students at the /
University of Kiel knew of his Communist work. He stated that in
March, 1933, with the burning of the Reichstag, he realized that it
would be necessary for him to stop his active communist Party work,-
snd he therefore went unclerground, He traveled to Berlin, and took
up studies at the University of Berlin, but a short time later the
authorities there learned of his Communist Party affiliations,
apparently, according' to FUCHS, from the Nazi students at Kiel, and
he, therefore, was nrced to leave the University as he was afraid
he would be taken into custody. '1-Ie thereafter, in the summer of 1933,
"went to France, ani in September, 1933, traveled to England, FUCHS
said that while at the University of Bristol he was active on a
committee helping the Spanish Republican forces, and FUCHS said that
he regard this activity as work in behalf of the Communist Party.
FUCHS said that while he was in Bristol he attended some meetings
of th i-B1UJE'QI__CJ~§1._.@_92J1_;§_Bslatis1n$ nit1i_the_;.mion of S $
Re_pg_13J,i9_§_, and that he regarded this organization as being _a_ C3@m___ist:1§$ . He said that he was not actually a member of this society,
but did go to many of the meetings. FUCHS stated that while he was at
the University oi Edinburgh he organized the sending of propaganda
leaets from Scotland to Germany. "He said that this was work in
behalf of the German Communist Party.
- . FUCHS stated that during the period he was in England, from "
September, 1933, until sometime in 19741, he-was aware that there was
operating in England anunderground section of the German Communist
Party. FUCHS said that he was considered to be a member of this
section of the German Communist Party, and probably had filled out a
biograplw concerning himself and mrnished it to officials of the
German Communist Party sometime after his arrival in England, because
of the fear oi the Party that they might be infiltrated by Nazis.
rucns said that all of his espionage activities in behalf of
the Soviet Union were motivated by his belief in the principles of
Communism, and by the same desire which prompted his work in Germany
in behalf oi the Commist Party there... he @- at at various tines
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he had had doubts concerning the posi ht Union inworld affairs, mentioning specifically Russo-Gennan Pact of 1939,
but HIGHS said that he was always able to reconcile in his mind the
position of the Soviet Union during the period of his espionage activityamzil he finally broke away from this activity in February or March,
19 9- -
INSTRUCTIONS BUR OON'I1NUING HIS ESPQJNAGE ACTIVITIES ll! THE USA
more stated that in the summer oi 1910 he learned that he
was being designated as part of an official British llission which was
to travel to the'United States to do wo in connection with research
on atomic energy, FUCHS said that th ov et Intelli e had
nothing to do with his being chosen as part of this British Mission,
and that he was chosenbecause of his knowledge and qualifications
as a nuclear scientist, Upon learning of his designation as part of
the British Hission, he informed his woman contact of this fact and
she subsequently gave him instructions as to how_he was to establish
contact in tl'ie92United States. Her instructions were to the effect "
that FUCHS should, on a designated day and at s specified time, go
to e. point on the lower East Side oi New York city where he would
meet an individualrdio would be wearing gloves and would have an
additional pair of gloves in his hands, FUCHS was to carry a tennis
ball in his hand. FUCPB said that the instructions were to the effect
that if contact was not established at the designated date, time,
and place, a second attempt should be made at a later time. FUSES
did not recall whether this was to be a week or a month later, but
said that it was probably one or the other, FUCHS said that there
were definite arrangements made as to the passwords which would be »
exchanged at the meeting, but that he does not now recall exactly
what these instructions were, but he gave the following as an example
of such instructions, The contact would state, "Can you tell me the
way to Grand Central Station?" FUCHS would make a reply which would
not be entirely responsive, and the contact would in turn make an
absurd reply. Thereafter, the regular conversation between the two
persons could begin,
He stated he made no written notes whatsoever as to the
instructions received, but he did memorize them and retain in his
memory until the meeting was consummated, He advised that it was
his intention and understanding that this meeting was for the.
purpose oi establishing an espionage contact in the United States
so that he could continue to furnish confidential, restricted informa-
tion through this contact to and for the benefit of the Soviet Union.
FIRST °9P_'?A°Ti9R F$PI2N_-55E -Pl*?3°-51133 . '.
' In keeping with prior instructions, FUCHS advised, he left
with members of the British llission by ship and came to the United
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states. He landed atNewport News, Virginia, on about December 3, _
19113. He proceeded to Washington, D. ., and stayed in Washington
at some hotel, the identity of which he does not remember, for one
or perhaps two nights. Then he went to New York City. He took up
residence promptly at the Taft Hotel. Most of the members of the
British Mission were stationed at the Taft Hotel. He did not like
the place himself, and soon thereafter he moved. At first it was
his estimate that he might have spent the first month after his arrival
at the Taft Hotel. Later he concluded this was too long a period, in
his estimate. He next moved to the Barbizon Plaza. Hotel in New York
City. At first he estimated he might have lived there for two or
three months before moving, but when it was shown that his next place
of residence began on February lst he agreed that this stay at the
Barbizon Plaza Hotel was considerablypshcrter.
Another member of the British Mission, Hr. HENRY S. ARMS,
left for England and he left a furnished apartment on West 77th Street,
the exact address he confirmed as being 128 West 77th Street. This
was a furnished apaz-tment,and he remembers having seen the caretaker
and his wife, but he cannot recall their identities. He does not
believe they were colored and he stated that his mind is a complete
blank as far as their identities are concerned.
After arriving in New York City, FUCHS took up employment
as part of the official British Mission which had its offices at L3
Exchange Place, New York City. FUCHS said that the British Mission
was working with officials of the Kellex Corporation which was under
the control of the Manhattan Engineer District. FUCHS said that the
work o1 the British Mission was with respect to developing the
mathematical theory for the building of a chemical p twith regard
to the gaseous diffusion process. FUCHS said that e of his immedi-
ate contacts in the Kellex Co ti'on was Mi-.NSO ENEDICT, andanother individual was nm %E. FUCHS stated that at Christmas,
19b3, he visited the home 0 S sister, KRISTEL HEINEM.-92.N, in
Cambridge, Massachusetts.
He then told the story oi his first meeting in substance as
follows: - . -
' In keeping with the specific instructions which had been
given to him by his woman espionage contact in or near Banbury, England,
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he proceeded at the time and on the date indicated to aplace on
the lower East Side of Manhattan, which he recalls to have been on
Henry Street." It was not dark although it was approaching dark at
the time, and his recollection was that this was about Christmas,
191;}, or at least in December, 19113, or January, 191111. The place
for the meeting had been selected by his woman contact near Banbury,
England. He believes that it is possible he was living at the
Barbizon Plaza Hotel at this time, because he recalls going into a
subway station located near the Barbizon Plaza Hotel, and he-
entertaincd scm: apprehension, in fact, concerning this first meet-
ing. He recalls having this apprehension while he was in the subway
station near the Barbizon Plaza Hotel getting ready to proceed to
his first contact. Since he moved from the Barbizon Plaza Hotel to
128 Host Tlth Street on February 1, 191124, or about that time, he
assumes that logically the time oi this first meeting was prior toFebruary 1, l9hh. '
- He asked no questions as to how to proceed to Henry Street
as he previously had purchased a map and made his own plans for going
there. In keeping with the specific instructions, he went to the
place on Henry Street which had been previously designated and
described to him in England. He stated that the full, detailed
instructions which had been given to him in England were carried out.
The contact was made on Henry Street, and the contact was wearing
gloves and carrying an additional pair of gloves in his hands. FUCHS,
on the other hand, had a tennis ball in his own hand, as per instruc-
tions. His contact came up to him and furnished his name as "Rim-i0ND"
FUCHS furnished his own name. "R.-l!'MOND" stated that he was pleased to
meet FUCHS. He indicated he had been expecting him and he stated '
definitely that he was pleased to have been selected for -such an
important assignment.
He stated that no information was delivered to "RAYMOND,"
his contact, during this first meeting. It was his usual practice
in England, and he followed it in this instance, in making contacts
not to take anything in writing with him at the rst meeting. He
told "RAYMOND", in answer to questions, where he was living and where
he was working. They also arranged to hold another meeting in the
ilnmediate future. He discussed with "RI-C50ND' his plans. He also
discussed with him orally some oi the officials for whom he was
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working and told him where, in fact, he was working at the time,
specifically suggested that at future meetings FUCHS
make sure that he was not being followed. The attitude oi "B.AYM0l921D"
at all times was that of an inferior. At this first meeting FUCHS
believes that he made a statement to "RAYMOND" about atomic energy,
and he knows that the words "atomic energy" and "atomic bomb" were
both mentioned, and "R.=1YMOND" must have lmown about them as he did
not ask any questions of interpretation or explanation. He also
believes that the comparative strength of an atom bomb was also
mentioned at this first meeting, or it could have been at some
subsequent meeting held soon thereafter.
FUCHS estimated this first meeting lasted about twenty
minutes. They walked together during the course of the meeting in
the general area where the first contact was made. FUCHS remembers
that on one occasion he and "B.1YHOP113" did go together to a restaurant
somewhere in New York - it could have been on the occasion of this
first meeting, although he docs not remember this to be so.
1 In answer 1:50 a specific question as to whether the first
meeting could have been in February or March, l9Iih, FUCHS stated that
he felt reasonably sure that it was earlier than these dates, and
that it was during the period when he was at the Barbizon Plaza -
Hotel. FUCHS was asked as to whether there was a playground nearby "
the point of the first meeting, and he said he could not recall this,
but he did recall a row of flats apartments-or apartment buildings!
in the immediate vicinity.
FUGHS stated he was motivated in keeping this initial meet-
ing with "RAYMOND" in New York by a desire to aid the Soviet Union.
He said he considered "RAYMON'D'S" status as that of an agent
intermediary acting for and in behalf of the Soviet Union, in keeping
with the plans which had been initiated in England and which first
meeting he was carrying out in keeping with instructions which he
received in Hlgland. -
MEETINGE; F_0B *%PlQIt1GjF; IN I921E'H YORK CI?!
._ Between December, 19143, and August, 192$, FUCHS stated
that, in addition to this first meeting above-described, which hehad with "RAYMOND", whom he identified from a photograph as HARRY go-9g
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"-1-GOLD, there were held four or five meetings: maybe as many as seven
meetings, all told in the City or New York with !'R-XYMOND". .
. ' At that time he was working with the Kollex Company as a
Consultant. ,The work by this company was being done independently,
but under the over-all control from a security standpoint of the
Manhattan Engineer District. The office where he was employed as
Consultant was on Wall Street at a place where there were three
entrances to the building. His work and the work that he was con-
cerned with was that of developing mathematical theories to furnish
to the Kellex Company with principles as to what could go on in the
gaseous diffusion process with questions of tolerances and the over-
all problems pi- gaseous diffusion. He further advised that he was
concerned with working plans with the size of a plant necessary for
employment of the gaseous diffusion process, although not with the
size of the labor force that might be required, During this period
he and other British scientists were working on a series of papers
identified as the USN series. The number thathad been written
prior to the time of his departure to Los Alamos in August, 191114,
was about nineteen. Approximately thirteen of this series were
written by FUCHS himself. Others participating in the production
of this series were PEIERLS, his immediate superior, SKYRME, and one
of the group papers was written by BOSONQUET in England. This MSN
series" was known as primary papers containing matters of principles
and all oi those when prepared and all of those which he delivered to
his espionage contact, "RAYMOND", were at the time oi their delivery
classified data.
FUCHS advised that, in addition to the first meeting which
he hadwith f'_R..JMOHQ" HARE! QQID!, there were additional meetings,
the sequence if which he could not remember and many of the details
he could not remember definitely, but he described these meetings
in general as follows: »
One meeting which FUCHS had with "RAYMOND" occurredin
Manhattan near one of the middle bridges which he identified by a
map as the Queensboro Bridge. The meeting occurred on the street
corner very close to the bridge in which he would consider anything
but an eagclusive area. He remembers that during this contact he and
'!b'.lMOND" walked underneath the bridge approach and from the descrip-
tion oi the area, it was concluded that this probably was on First
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Avenue not on Sutton Place; This meeting was held after dark as were
most oi the other meetin s held in New York. This meeting occurredin the early part of l9lni.
_ Another meeting between FUCHS and "R.92YMOND" occurred just
outside a subway station near Central Park and He Believes this would
be the "Museum" subway stop on the west side of Central Park Nest,
In this instance, FUCHS stated that he designated the place of con-
tact because it was reasonably near his own place of residence on
West 77th Street, but it was the usual rule for "RAYMOND" to designate
the places br contact. At this meeting, arrangements were also made
for a subsequent meeting between "RAYMOND" and FUCHS.
Another meeting held in the early part of 191:1: was in the
Bronx near a moving picture theater. From an examination oi- a map,
FUCHS concluded that this meeting was held on Grand Concourse near
159th Street or 161st Street, at least in this general vieinity._ In
a subsequent discussion of the meeting in the Bronx, he stated that
the words "Fordham University" struck a familiar Chord and it could
be possible that the meeting was held near Fordham. However, he
stated that this meeting, as were practically all of his meetings with
"Rim-.iOND", was of short duration and not likely to be of one-hour
length either here or at any other place in New York. He believes that
when he kept this appointment in the Bronx with "RAYMOND", he very
likely went there by subway, and that at this meeting as in all other
meetings held in New York there was an agreement and arrangement made
for o. subsequent meeting. They also had an understanding that, in the
event they failed to make contact at any of the meetings" arranged, they
would meet at exactly the same hour either one week or two weeks later,
He described another meeting as having been held in the
Borough of Queens. He estimated that when he rode the Subway from
Manhattan into Queens that this meeting was at a place approximately
twenty minutes after entering the Borough of Queens after crossing
the East River. He recalls having looked at a map before proceeding
to this Queens meeting and he remembers noticing that the direction
he would have taken would be in the general direction of the airport.
He also recalls that the subway train on v.'hich' he was riding left
the underground and became an elevated prior to the time when he left
the train for thisparticular meeting. it this point FUCHS was shown
a copy of Hagstrons map of Queens, New York, and after studying it
he reached the conclusion that the general area in which the meeting
was held is the area described on the map as "Jackson Heights", He,
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11";bounded by Flushing Bay, La Guardia Airport, St. Michaelis wmetewith his finger, made a circular motion describing the area which is
Woodside, Elmhurst and corona. He was unable to identify the subway
or elevated stop or any of the streets by name since he stated he could
not recollect the specific place, but could remember only the general
area.
As best he can recollect, he had with him on this occasion a
package of papers which had been written in longhand and which contain-
ed classified information about their work on the Atomic Energy project
and, although he at times carried rolled up papers in his hands, he
preferred to carry the rolled up papers in his pocket which he prob-
ably did on this occasion. His recollection is that the papers
which were passed by him to "RAYMOND" and which were written in
longhand by him, contained classified, highly confidential infor-
mation with reference to his work under the general over-all security
control of the llanhattan Engineer District. Although he stated he
did not recollect specifically that any of the LEN papers were passed
at this meeting, he did recollect to the best of his belief that two
or more USN papers were passed to "RAIMDND" by him at each of the
approidmately five meetings held after the first meeting. '_
There was one other meeting which was arranged to be held in
Brooklyn, Following tn examination of a map of Brooklyn, he believed
that this meeting was to be held in the general vicinity of Boro Hall,
although it might have been held at the intersection of Fulton Street
and Flatbush Avenue extension. This planned meeting was unsuccessful,
FUCHS stated he arrived at the designatedgiace and he recalls that
there were some large public-looking buildings in the vicinity and the
traffic was heavy. He stated that at all of the meetings held with
"RAYMOND" , either in New York City or elsewhere, he observed no one
who seemed to know "RAZlDND" and he had no one accompanying him at
these meetings. - '
He is oi the opinion that following the very first meeting
described in the preceding section of this report that written con-
fidential and classified information was delivered by him to his con-
tact, "RAYhDND". He advised that there would have been no occasion
for any meeting except to deliver written information since the.
knowledge and background of "RAYMOND" was insufficient to enable him
to understand technical details and his lack of scientific knowledge of
the type necessary to understand the problems on which FUCHS was
working would have made it very unlikely that he would have arranged
any meeting with "RHLDND" after the first for -any purpose other than
to deliver infomation in writing to him. '
' ~.> . _
As for information furnished in the City of New York as the
above described meetings, FUCHS stated that he personally prepared
about thirteen of the IBN documents. He would first prepare 6. draft
in longhand. On some occasions they would be sent to his immediate
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duplication. some instances, however, -FUCHS, after preparing ;;_
rough draft, would route this rough draft which he prepared directly
for duplication» In all instances when FUCHS prepared '6-he-draft a
proof copy ani the original draft would be -returned by the deplicating
staff to FUCHS, Each of the duplicated copies was numbered for control
and security purposes due to the highly confidential character of the
contents. FUCHS would then personally retain the original draft which
he had written in longhand and then he subsequently personally furnished
all of his own long hand drafts of his own composition directly to
the individual known to him as ';3gnmo192ID", with the intention that he
would serve as an intermediary in transmitting these secret documents
to the Soviet Union and for the benefit of that country. The documents
which he delivered were sometimes folded andother times were rolled
up. Sometimes they were carried in his hand, but most of the time he"
would carry themdn his pocket and he delivered these papers secretly,
usually after dark, at the meetings which he had made by prearrnnge-'
ment with "P.A'mOHD" during the period from December, 19143, to August,
191411. The information which he furnished, FUCHS stated, had come to
his knowledge by virtue of his official employmot on the Atomic Energ
project under the over-all control of Manhattan Engineer District,
During thesqcontaets in New York City, as above-described,
FUCHS stated that he furnished in -writing information concerning the
principles on the development of the mathematical theory, information
concerning tolerances, the gaseous diffusion process, working plans,
the size of a plant, and the approximately thirteen of the BEN
series which he had prepared personally. ' --
'He furnished in writing also from time to time in New York,
as he received it, information es to the over-all and general effort
and activities in connection with his own work relative to the pro-
duction of fissionable material and its potential use as an explosive
in_the war effort and general information about membranes and their
composition and, although he did not know the technical details at that
time, the general information concerning membranes and their com-
position which he did furnish was of ahighly confidential type,
- mile in New York, he furnished infonnation orally concern-
ing the manpower employed by Keller andpthe nature of the work being
performed by the _British Mission and all that he knew concerning
personnel and general activities in the Manhattan Engineer District,
He also advised orally that there was a plan for the building of a "
large plant somewhere in the south-eastern part of the United States,
which would employ both the gaseous diffusion and electromagnetic
processes. He stated that this plant was later constructed at Oak *
Ridge although he did not know while in New York the specific lo- -
cation, He irnished orally the identity of tin officers and the
high-ranking scientists who were ecployed by Kellex and those that
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. P.he knew who were employed at Manhattan Engineer District at New Yo 4;He also discussed some of the personnel orally. At these meetings K-L
"RAHDND" GCLD! never took notes. Highly technical information wasnot FTished ox-My hi to "RAYlDND'S" inability to understand,-'1 %¢*i t * C
s as he-can recollect, FUCHS stated he only missed
one prearranged contact with "BAYLDND" in New York and at each of
the meetings actually held in New York arrangements were made between
him and "RAYMJIIDU for a subsequent meeting, -
_ He stated that the only time he and "RAYMOND" traveled together
in New York City was on one occasion only when both got in a cab and
went to a restaurant at some place which he does not recall.
» At the lest actual meeting which he held in New York with
"RAYMOND" , FUCHS stated he believes he told "RAYMJND" he was about to
be transferred either to England or to Los Alamos and that, in the
event he desired to get in touch with FUCHS, "R..Y!.!0ND" could contacthis sister, M;g 4IyE;@N, whose address on lhh Lakeview
Street, Cambridge, ssachusetts, FUCHS furnished to "RAYM.7NI!" at
that time. He s_tated'that he did not like to bzing his sister-'s
name into this matter, but since she was in no way being involved
in his espionage actixfities, he decided it was the'best way to permit
a renewal of the contact in the event it were lost. FUCHS stated '
that sometime subsequent to this meeting he traveled to Washington,
D. .04, where he conferred with Sir JAMES CHADWICK, a representative of
the British Issiona At this meeting with Sir JAMES CHADYJICK} FUCHS
learned that he was to be transferred to Lcs Alamos ani would, there-
fore, not be going back to England. Prior to actually leaving for Los
Alamos, FUCHS made e trip from New York City to Cambridge, Massachusetts,
where he saw his sister, At this time FUCHS informed his sister
that she might be contacted by an individual whom FUC}B designated
by some name which he does not now recall, but which name may have
KARL.
arrangements had previously been agreed upon between FUCI-B Ed -"RA
KRISTEL HEINEMAN, when contacted by FUCHS in this regani, was agree-
able to being so contacted. " _ -been JOSEPH or JACK. FUCHS told her that this individualwould say
the t of meeting that he brought "greetings from '1 These _ __,Q
FUCHS was asked ii, during the period he was in New York, he
could have told his contact that he was going to Mexico instead of
New Mexico. FIJCPB stated that he was sure that he had not stated ~
that it was Meaclco inasmuch as he had no intention of going to Me-zdco
in connection with any Atomic Energ work. FUCHS also stated trat he
believed that he gave his apartment address of 128 West 77th Street,
New York City, to "RAYMOND" at the next meeting following his moving
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FUC!B' TRANSHIR T0 LOS IJALES. - __~_"ee e 7'44 »~
E _ As set forth in the preceding section, it was definitely'72 '6 o
assigned a room in e dormitory in the restricted area,
1 .~ decided in the nesting FUCFB had with Sir JANE-'3 CHADWICK in Wishington,
13.0., in July, l9hh, that FUCHS would be transferred to Los Alamos
to work on the Atomic Energy project there rather than returned to _
England, In accozdwith this, FUCI-B traveled to Los Alamos, New
Mexico, where he arrived on about August lb, l9ld4, and where he work-
ed as eyphysicist in the Theoretical Division of the Laboratory.
While FUCIB was still an employee of the __Bx-itish lssion he._was at
Los Alamos, working under the over-all control of MED. He was working
on confidential and classified research azxi was, through hia.employ-
ment in the Theoretical Division, given access to p-actieslly all of
the information with respect to the plans for the detonation of a
plutonium bomb, ;He learned of the contemplated use of the implosion
theory in such a detonation and began work on various aspects of such
a detonation, including the Lens System, various implosion designs,
the theory of the jets in connection with implosion, and similar
. confidential work as an export physicist, At Los Alanos he was
Conmnmist Party work, - .
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.4/vrvb£oy'4 .'As §+2tea;*rucnsi'£T ansferired to Los Alamos in 4'92.U.g921St, 19th.
He advised that the Ge ommunist Part would likelyhave infome-
tion on all the members o s 1 e d ' amily, , FUCHS, id personally
belong to the branch of the German Cormrmnist Party in England after
he came to London. V It is quite likely that he furnished biographical
information concerning his sister, then residing in the United States,
to this underground Communist movement in England. He never furnished
any biographical data on amr other American. Thus, it was hardly »
necessary for.him to mention his sister and her address; although
it was suggested that his sister be used as a contact, he does
know for sure whether he made this suggestion or whether it was made
by someone else; He did not like to use his sister's home as a contact
place, but did agree to it since it did not involve her, but if she
did suspect anythingshe would think it was in connection with
FUCHS stated he visited his sister in Cambridge in February,
1916. He had planned at first 1-.0 visit her at Christmas, 19104, but
this trip was cancelled, It is probable that he wrote to his sister ,
that he would visit her later in February, 1916, since this was about
' the time oi the birthday oif one of his sister's children, Y-hile h ,
" was visiting his sister in February, 191.15, his sister, KRISTEL ',¢.».-eri 17 I 2""92___
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11265-15136
est HEIHEHAH, told FUCHS that has contact he ves name
-ILIEEE.-I" or "JACK" was used! and visited her and she had told this
contact that FUCHS was coming in February, 191:5. He also advised on
another occasion that it was possible that his sister had written to
hem at Los Alamos, advising that "JOSEPH" had called. A contact,
"R..IhDNQ'_', later identified as 1%: GOLD! did visit his sister's
s f while moss was in February, 1915. "He am not like this
meeting to be in his sister's home, but he accepted it. No espionage '
I matters were ever discussed in the pmsence of his sister. 'f1he contact,
"RAIIDRD", came to the door and probably asked for FUG1-B, and when he .
was infomed that the contact was there hecallod down from upstairs
for "RAYIDNIJ" to come up to FUCHS bedroom, His sistermsy have been
~ there in the bedroom withthcm for a munute or so, He does not'recall
this as being so, however, nor does he recall telling his sister to"
leave - although he probably would have done so had she been there.
He does not recall that ROBERT HEINEMAN was there at any time while
"RAIHJHD" was present, e believes tt in the home at the time
»"R.?-ILDND" was there rare his sister, possibly her children, and FUCHS.
The call was made in the latter part of the forenoon and lasted for
ten minutes, or perhaps some longer period of time, but "RAXIDND"
- did not stay for lunch. He recalls that his sister told him that on
a previous visit of tpe contact to the sister*s home,'the contact,
"R.92Yl!_0ND", had brought some chocolates for thechildren, although he
does not remember a book having beenmentioned. --92_.
».
The conversation which tool: place between FUCIB and "RAYHDND" '
in FUCHS bedroom at his sister's, S, home in
Cambridge, covered the following matters: -
Arrangement for e meeting in Boston within a day or two ;
The contact requested the information of an up-to-date type
and FUCHS told him that he would prepare notes on the de-
_ tailed principles of the atom bomb construction for delivery
to him at Boston; _ -
Arrangements were made for the meeting in Boston at a
specific place, time and date; . 1 -
' During this meeting at 'KRIST& 1-IEINE1!£x192I92S home, FUCHS gave
"BAllS_0NB" a yellow city street map of the City of Santa Fe,
- New liezclco, which ms used as a basis. for planning a subsequent
92 meeting there in June. 11301-IS stated he personol-13 brought
, the map with him from Los Alamos for the purpose of arranging
' this subsequent meeting in Santa Fe» It isto be noted
~ that FUCHS was shown a map of the City of Santa Fe,
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and he sta~ted- that it was exactly the some type of may which
hehadfzzr-r1ishedto"B-ADELE? at the HEINEtfANhomein -
February, 1916. Due -to the factthat nmmmmh was employed
' somewhere on a- regular basis and had difficulty in arranging
~ to get away, it no "RAYLDND" who selected the time for the.
meetings The meeting was to be held on Alameda Street,
which runs alongiide the river and "RAYLDHD" was to be
walking on this street inthe vicinity-of trees and park
benches, and FUCI-B was to pick him up in a car there,
" '- FUCHS stated he then, in KRISTEL HIEINEIMAIH home, prepared a
paper which was the rst really ' had pzepared con-
cerning atom bomb construction, He later stated that he had no physical
recollection, however, of preparing the paper, or in which room it
was prepared-, or if he actually sat down at a desk and prepared it-
He stated, 'however, that he. did not bring any papers with him from
Los Alemos. 1hus,'it was logical to assume that he prepared them at
his sisterls home. ' ' '92
His contact, ."RIaYMOND", never spoke of his contacts in any
ew, never referred to them as "he", "she", "they" or "m'pe0pls," -
He ind ted at no time any personal interest in the information that
, _ ing furnished. FUCHS does not recall whether A .»
AZANOS came in while the contact was there, but FUCHS known
t t he did not want "RAllDND" to stay long and he more or less
pushed him out in qpier to terminate the meeting; There ms no
" indication during this conversation that '_'H.CiI.»DI~I!J" had tried toreaeh
him in the meantime, the mails had bot been used, he had no message
e through any other channel -- although his sister had written him,
he believes, -that "JOSEPH" had been inst The letters from his sister '
were in English, " -
Q wane" he was at the HEINEMAN home he recalls that g_vm>__e1i
came to the house on a visit. He remembers no telephone call or
telephone numbers having been left in any way for him to make use of
' in making a contact. He does not remember the telephone num '2-2677. He'does not remember the name 1," or _Q§._H__0y ____1]192I- .- He would not say with positiveness that this number had
n been left, but that it would have been a most unusual thing and
e that he ass no recollection of it whatsoever, He stated he positively
did not visit his sister in Cambridge at Christmas, ]_.9hh. During this
~ meeting in his sisteris home he stated he recalls that vnnnmnnv
- offered him some money. He does not recall the specific amounti-
- whether it was $500 or $1500, but he refused the offer as he'was not
interested in accepting any money for what he had been doing,
417- .
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nxcns stated um. he had eqbséehi be-contactedst the .
HEINEMAN home i.n'1_-ebrnary, 19145, by LRAILDND" in -view of the fact that
he ms, at his lastmeoting with n.nnn1TnW1 New York City, prior to
going to Los'_Al_.a.mos, informed "RAILDND" that contact could be estab-lished if necessary through his sistep, m FUCHS also stated
that he was snare that 'BA!lDND" had called at ' ,-BEINEMAN have prior
to his visit there. ' - - e '
esslwec we->e I1 wens. wesvemsao I~fesmI,i 1916
FUCHS stated that in keeping with the specific arrangements -
made while he was meeting with "R."1.YhDNIJ" in KRISTEL KEINELi.N'S home a
day or so previously_;__he FUCI-5;, met "RAl.MOND"_in Boston, Massachusetts.This was in February, 191:5, just a day or two after -the meeting in his
sister's homes He:-emembered that the "meeting was held at s place
close to the river, near a large, public'build:Lng on a street which was
not particularly wide, He ms uncertain, after examining e map,
however, he believed it was in the gene;-alarea near North Station,
At this meeting in Boston no oral information was furnished to
'!RAYMOND" by FUCHS, because he knew "R.A!l*IOND would not understand
any oral, confidential infomation of a technical nature. Infor-
mation, however, was furnished in writing; It is his estimate that
a written, longhand document containing information known to him to
be classied and highly confidential, was prepared on six or more
pages, in Eiglish, and thedocument itself was concerned mostly with
matters of. principle and was written in fsuch a manna:-'thavt a physicist
could understand it, although "1l92lM!NI>" , he felt aux-e',. could not.
_ FUCHS was, A rlier interviews, specific and positive
about the meeting being held Boston. Along toward the concluding
interviews he was informed the _, in his confession, had indicated
that this written document had passed at Canbridge in his sister's
home, and he stated that he frankly had no physical recollection of
the meeting :LnvBoston, but he does recall having papers with him in
his possession at Boston for the purpose of delivering than to GOLD,
and it is his recollection that the papers were prepared in his sisterls
home, after the contact in February, 19145, for, since he brough no .
papers with him from Los Alamos, he had no papers ready for delivery '
when "R.-KIMDND" ar1"ived at his sistewe home, so his best recollection,
based on, logical reconstruction, was that he prepared the --
popers at his sisters hem and did deliver them at r H - ~
Boston within a few days, thereafter. It is not ed '-
" scan?
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A"'ur 65-15136 _ _ -
that in givine e signed statement Fuchs stated thatthehi!' '3
made in his sieterls home for the meeting in Boston, and for the prep-
aration of the'pepers, were made without the knowledge of his sister
or her husband-, that they were not present during the discussion he
hm! with " ond" end they had no knowledge of the purpose oi the dis-cussion. Tiger prolonged and continuous questioning concerning the ._
meeting in Boston, Fuchs position changed from that of positiveness '
'- - even giving, as shown above, the physical location of the meeting,
to one of e rather nebulous type when'he stated he had no physical,
recollection of the meeting in Boston, _lR§., / R|51"EL HE /NEM/9
£53 PZIBST ,5%*.."£*@ "E¥1°°ne3$£E°W?Ee°°?¬?-CT, -IN ~T"?Fsl.91*5
-- - _In keeping with arrangements which had been made in the home
of Fuchs, sister Kristel Heinemsn! in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in
February," 1915, Fuchs stated that he would meet his contact "Raymond" .
in Santa Fe in June, 19145. He had shown "Raymond" -on e map where they
would meet; ani they did meet at the place indicated on Alameda Street,
where it lies alongside the river, and between Castillo Street and
De1gedoAStreet', whorls there are trees and benches adjacent to the ,
street, After they met, Fuchs went after his car which he was using,
and he then picked up his contact Faymond", and together they drove
across the, river bridge and turned left into a lane which terminated
at s gate. They stopjed the car, sat in the car, and talked together
at this deserted spot,
While there in the car, Fuchs delivered in writing as much
information of an up-to-date type as he had concerning the A-Bomb,
He also informed "Raymond" oi the_fact that a test explosion was soon
to be held in July at Alamogrodo, and he also furnished additional in-
fometion at this time which he possessed concerning implosion, He
"gave in writing s. description of the plutonium bomhwhich was soon
to be tested. He furnished more information than had heretofore
been furnished concerning the ignition of the bomb, although this ig-
nition" system had not yet beelrconpleted. He furnished in writing the
principlesbf IBM calculations, the methods of calculating efficiency
am! the results of the efficiency calculations. He stated that as
beet he recalls, his estimate as to the calcualted efficiency ran from
a small percentage to as high as 50$.» which he subseqcuntly recalled
in comparing it with the actual results oi efficiency tests of the
Hirosh:l.me explosion which was about 3%, and the later Nagasaki caqalosion
which was about 17$. He also furnished in writing information con-
cerning ti-..e size of the bomb, and the plans to use the bomb against _
Japan if it were found effective in the test. He knew that work was
going on on the gun but he knew very little about it. I-Ia probably
.19- ' ogenii
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rIns Alamos under the over-all control of MED»
I . z _ _ , . .
. _p:-ohably September, 1945, esnhe recalls that it was prior to the time
iihen he went to Mexico City with Dr. Psierls ind others in November,
~ 19450 The specific date he does not now recall; but it was probably
L
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Kin___,___ __ _Z_L_ ___ , _r_e 2_ e _ __ n_--_i__..a
referred to it in his Written communication. Be preps
of the bomb and its components with important dimensions-indicated,
and he drew a simulated sketch covering e period of about ten minutes.
which as best he could recall was similar to the sort of sketch he ' <
turned over to :@$_qg_nd" at this meeting. He also furnished infor-
mation as to the type'cf-core, a description or the initiator and
j - Orally at this meeting while in the car} Fhcbs advised that
he furnished the names of the types ofexploeives to be used in the
bomb, the approximate site of the Trinity test which was soon to be
Evade, and that the A-Bomb, according to calculations, would be,vast-
e ly greater in its explosive force than large quantities of INT. He fur-
nished, in fact, s specific figure to establish a comparison.
- A. ' He stated that his paper was written in longhand, and in its
preparation prior to the time when he left Lee Alemos, he consulted
grtgclgec-t¬hfh:ddg;ivere:1Stgthgfgseggaggtncg:1:ap?::12%Ia;lm:n¢?1.Tr:g~He
F remembers specically that he examined official documents to obtain .
_, ~ information concerning.-the special method of detonation the IBMs calculations and thersalt o £3 P efficiency calculations, He stated,3 -.;¢-§ that "Raymond" now iaentifiié lg! told h.im'on this mp that he
e had had trouble getting there due to his difficulty in getting sway
- from his regular employments Fuchs stated it is quite likely that he
made notes in a diary he was than maintaining as to the dates of his
contacts, but he is notsore that he made s note as to the date of
this particular meeting. His diary, he stated, had long since been
_ Fuchs stated that at rst he lived in Ice Alanna on the
reservation in the dormitor_y, and some time later he moved to whet
l was known as "The Big House". During this time, he was still engaged' as e physicist on A-Bomb research work in the Theoretical Division at
" - . . t - ~'-92"-
Lt the meeting held in June, 1945, at Santa Fe, arrangements
A ' none made to-r e second meeting in the fall of the same year at Ssnta
Fe; the date, time and place of the meeting were fixed in this initial
Santa Fe meeting, The date of the second meeting at Santa Fe was .
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6n one of his days off. They were allowed shopping ii nual
leave being ch§rged,[ and he believes it was on one of these shopping
days. He recalls that at first in Ins Alamos they worked for six days
a week, and subsequently for five days a week. He is quite sure that
this meeting in 8eptember,_ 1945, was not on Sunday,
. .<_. - -he received no indication from his contact 'Raymnd' I_!%x31_
Goldlss tohow "R_sy_j|i:ond' had travelled to Santa Fe,TH¬I'tmns have
been by train.-'V .He_ believes that Raymond indicated he was going to re-
turn via lLbuq'uarque,' and he recalls that after their meeting had ter-
minated, he let Raymond" out of the car at e point fairly close to the
bus station, I > ' .
. ' A - . _ | _ . , I .
A. , j Hefmet _§Bay1'nond!",a_s_per the agreement made during the pre-
vious June; as he was walking "along Bishopslodga Road, he believes
between Hillside Iflvemre and Keamey Avenue; Fbchs believes that he
picked "Raymond" up in his car andjthev drove on out Bishops Lodge
Road t6"a'lone1y place where the oar was stopped and a discussion
was holds A ,3 . '
_ . , During this discussion no are-sngevnents were made for-another
meeting between Erchs and Phsymond! in the United States, first, be-
cause Raymond* felt that he. would be viable to make arrangements to
get away from his job, andlsecond, because Fuchs had heard intimations
that he might go back to England in January, 1946. .
lhu-ing this .conversation this instance between Fhchs and
"Raymond," they didmake errangeugente for q___meeting between Fuchs
another espionage contact to serve as an intermediary in transmitting
' infomation to the Soviet Union, and this meeting was to be held in
london;_ Ihchs stated he selected the place for the meeting at H01-.'nington Crescent," which is the name of an Tunderground subway! station
in London} lhis station is large} about 150 yards in length, and
there is s lift elevator! and stairs, Fuchs stated that according '
to these arrangements he was to have a copy of Life Magazine with him,
and his new contact was to have a bundle er several books with a cord
tied around them, Some passwords, which he does notncw recall, were
to be used. The date of the month and the specic hour of the day was
fixed with the 1-econtact to be made if the first attempt to meet failed,
andtheirecontact was to be at the same ti-me and on thesama day of the
month either one month or two months later, Phchs advised that these
plans which they made for the meeting never were consummated due to the
fact that he read about the Benadian spy expose, and he made other
arrangements on his owninitietive.! It was necessary, Fuchs said, for
him .to_design'ate the place in London where they were to meet since
*Raymond' Go1d! was not acquainted with London.
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Fuchs stated that no plans were made for any rth c _s at
his sister's home or anywhere else in the United States, not even in
the event an'emer-gency arose. He advised that he remained in Lee Alamos
until-June, 19l,§,- arid from the date of the Septeer, 19/,5, meeting
with egg until he left Loe._Alsmos in June, 1946, fonhglsnd, no
contacts were inade with Raymond, and no consideration was given to
a subsequent meeting in the United States because he did not know how
he could arrange it, and he doubted if there was even any consideration
given to the possibility of such s meeting at that time. Fuchs stated
that he left Dos Alamos and went to Eee his sister at Cambridge, Msss~
achusvette, the last day of June, 1946. A /VLJQL !¢zi,,hemjMVe
_ He stated that when he left Ins Alsmos to keep this seoonaf
meeting in eptember, 1945. with 'Rayaiond,' he drove his car while en
route cfi the side of the road in a desert between Les Alamce and Santa
Fe," and there wrote s paper in longhand based on information which
he retained in his memory. He said '1 had enough in my head to do this",
he tumed this paper-{ihich he prepared over to 'Raymond"as an espionage
contact, with the full intention and purpose that it would be transmitted
through Raymond to and for the benet of the Soviet Union and its
atomic energy research and construction program. He does not believe
that his report contained any information as to the results of the
J_8p8!'l6B6 explosions, because he believes that Dr. Penny's report corr-
oerning this was later prepared. t
Fuchs stated he was about twenty miles from the A-Bomb ssion
trial at Alamogordo, i.eZ,' the 'Tr1nity.test,".snd he viewed the re--'
cults that were observable from this position. .92t'!.os Alamoe, his work
was concemed with figuring out 'where things might go wrong in the
bo action, and later at Les Alamos he worked on blast waves, specif-
ically the tail end-of the blast iraves. Orily so far as it entered in-
to the interp:-station or experimental results did" he know of the effect _
that the bomb would have on human lite._ He furnished to Raymond, he,
stated, whatever he knew.av
, , '
wens at sscss mo 1-"mu mom or
BEGUM? U U511 I " '
- Fuchs advised that after his arrival in the United States in
December, 1943, he was assigned as e part of the British Mission which
had offices at 43 Bcchsnge Place, New York City, and which was 1rork-
ing under the OV6l92r~B11 control of the Manhattan Ezgineer District. "
Hie first trip away "from New Iork City after this assignment was when
he went to visit his sister, Kristel Heinemen, in Garbridge, Basses-
ohusetts, during Christmas, 19l.3o " . _
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Ifhzchs made a tripto Montreal, Canada, {or s conference with Ga»-
nadian scientists, and he stted thatthe purpose. of this trip was
to accompany Professor Pele:-ls who had found it neoesieryto go "
ta Canadato discuss atomic problems. Fuchs was unable to remember
the names of the scientists contacted there except for the names of
Raleinén and Kolrarski, He said that he traveled to Canada by air-
and also returned to New York City by plane, . Phebe said that this ,
trip" had no connection with any espionage engaged in by him; Fhchs
also visited -his sister d921!'iYlg<Eh8 Spring of 1944 on several occasions»
He stated that they were probably at one-month intervals, and he be»,
l.ie'ves thet hé went there at the time of a birthday annivereary'occ92n¥-
ring in Hay, -1944---a He also-made a trip to see his sister shortly be»-
fore he left -for Loo Memos in August, .1944; - A . eQ , I
- 'In_Ju1y, 191,4, l'921chs_recalled that he traveled to Washington, ,
D.C;, wherehe conferred with Sir James Chadwick, the British Atomic .
Energy representative, and at that time a definite decision was made
that he was to go togbos Alamos rather than return to England. »
After 1-hobs arrived in Los Alsmos in August, 19.44, he remained
there until Febr'uary,»_19!t5q This was his 1iro.t'trip oi! the restricted
mservation ares . _ ,
"Fuchs also recalled that on one occasion, while at Los Alsmos,
he made a trip in an Army bomber to Washington; 13.0., for a conference,
returning ts -Los Alamos also in an Amy plane, . He does not remember
the exact date oi this trip, but the purpose of it was in connection
with his official work, ' .
During November, 1945,, Phebe left Los Alamcs to go to Montreal
Canada, Lfor work for the British Hinistrybt Supply who were attempting
to engage people -for work at Harwell, England. . He was supposed to
meet the particular individual whom he was to contact there in Chicago,
but because of his planned vacation -in Mexico he traveled to Montreal,
Canada, to make this contact. . , -
. a "Fuchs, following this conference, returned to Albuquerqe,
New Mexico, where hé met Mr. and Mrs. Peierls and Mrs, Diward Teller,-
and they then traveled to Mexico city on a short holiday. They re-
turned from Mexico to Los Rlamos in early December, 1945. Iachs stated
that this trip by the group to Mexico City was in no way connected with
his espionage activities, .l_!uring Jme, l9£6, Fuchs left Ins AlamosJ
permanently, being transferred back to mglend, At that time he traveled
.33.. -
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aw a e mm
to Washington, n.<c., and he believes that he recalls staying ettnt'
Hotel Sheraton, 'He»then traveled to his sister's home in Osnbridge,
Massachusetts, and made a trip from thsze__in company with his sister,'t York, where he was in contact with Hans
I 812116; _
- - Fuchs was questioned with regard to the purpose of this t_1":lp
endj he stated that Bethe had been connected with the Theoretical > .
Division atlos llamas, and he had desired to talk to him prior to
going back to !hg1snd.' He took his sister with him on this trip in
Ezdef to get hez."'away frm-her home and children, and go give her a
little outing, Phchs believed they traveled at least pert of the way
by plane in order that she might havethis experience. che said that
this trip was not connected with his espionage activity, "
pmcgxmmfjos .
Dita or an-tn '
Place of Birth
Citizenship
Occupation
HeightBuild
Complexion '
Hair .
Ewes
Features92
. Teeth
_ Speech
mamcteristiosDecember 29, 1911 .
Russelaheim, Germany
British citizen by naturalization
Research physicist5' 1¢>~%'
thin - e
Dark and sallow -I '
Brown, decidedly balding and receding at
temples, A fen occasional gray hairs in
temple ares;
Brown - wears glasses ' _
Medium high forehead which is given to
wrinkling when in thought or study. Clean-
shaven¢' " Has noticeable vein running from
eye level across temple to the levelsof
the hairline» I
Regular and dark; the second, npper tooth,
right {rem the center, was quite dark.
Soft voice. Speaks Eaglish fluently;
with some" German accent. '
Has noticeable protmding Adam's apple.
Swallows hard, frequently, and audib1y--
particularly when under pressure; smokes
cigarettes;..ngers somewhat long; hands
ro'syg1- especially at knuckles; wrists
fairly wide in pmportion to hands; bats
eyes with somewhat abové-avenge frequen-
cy; slightly stoop shouldered.
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n;:__' =_.. ADLHNISTRATIVE PAGE 1 - i
. 3
I_1!I.1.L1:1¬-_¥¥$PIQ":1°?»c-:92°T1"??1E$ O1: were IN deem ,
FUCHS advised that in mew, 19b1,. he accepted euploynent in
Birmingham, England, as a scientist on work with relation to atomic
energy resea.rch.' Ho said that upon learning the nature of this work
he decided to lrnish information regarding it to the 5ovlet Union,
in order to carry out this planlate in the year 19141, he traveled
Birmingham, England, to London, where he mode contact with JURGEN
- KI, whom he knew to be more or "less the legger oi the under-
ground p i$£my in London, FUCHS xteted that he pro-
viously had been in contact with KITETINSKI and knew er his contacts in
refugee circles; particularly with German Communists. On his first
contact with KUCZYNSKI, he informed him of his desire to fumish in-
fomstion to the Soviet Union, and KUGZYNSKI made arrangements to have
FUCHS recontact him e short time later, This FUCHS did, at which time
KUCZIIISKI had made arrangements for FUCHS to establish a clandestinect nith an individual whom FUCHS came o know under the name of
i WDER. It is to be noted that FUCHS as identified a photograph '
of this -individual as snsm mvmovlrc 92 men, who was, in 19h2 and
mtil sometime in 19145, the secretary f the EH11-l§.I3£-Attacl:eLs_§_taffat the Soviet nb§.5s5r__in-LoAn_d_Qg. . V '
FUCHS said that he maintained contact 'with ALEXANDER for a
period of approximately one-half year, and that he had only two, orpossiblmthree, meetings with ALEXANDER, one of which took place at the
Soviet bcssy in Lomlon, At the last meeting ALEXANDER told him that
he was to have a new contact, "and made arrangements for such e contact.
FUCHS believes that ALEXANDER may have mentioned that he was leaving
England; During FUCHS meetings with ALEXANDER, which took place
during 19142, he turniahedto him written informtion concerning his work
on atomicenergy research, including papers which had been prepared by
FUCHS in connection with this work, '
- FUCHS said that his second contact, which had been arranged
by ALEXABIDER, was with e woman whom he met in Banbury, England; He
said that he does not know this wonenis name. According to the British
Security Service representative she had not been identified by the
British investigation to date. FUCIB remained in contact with this ine-
dividu-21 until he left England in November, 1910. He delivered to her,
in the period from sometime in the middle of 19142 until November, 19143,
additional. informtion regarding the work being carried out at Birming-
ham with relation to atomic energy, '- - '_
~ FUCHS stated in answer to questioning that at no time did
anyone ever try to recruit him into espionage work, that he sought
out the contact on his own initiative, that he never attendedkany
espionage school uni he never received any instructions in espionage
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earlier contacts with ALEXANDER UELNDER suggested that he be
careful to avoid being followed, that he should use taxicabs and
double back in onder to throw anyone off the track who might be
followin hm, but he believed this to be too expensive and not so
good a method in his own judgment. He preferred to go to a large
place like some subway station in London where there was both a lift
elevator! and stairs, and to make contacts in such e place. Asuggestion he receiv in quite general terms also was that when
checking on surveill ces or trying to ascertain if he was being
follomzd that before looking hack he should cross the street and
make observations to see if anyone might be -following him. FUCHSfrom anyone at any time, with the possible exception that in his
also said that he did not lcncm the identity of the $ggiet Intelligen
....__...1'_92Z_Se ice for which he ms working, and in fact did not know that '
there was more than one branch of the soviet Intelligence Service-
He stated that when he first made his contact cm his ovm
initiative in early l9h2 in England, he made lmown his availability
and readiness to furnish confidential information of a classified
type, and also described his occupation which gave him access to -
classified materials relating to atmic energy research. He fur-
nished information to his contact, ALEXANDER, both ora'lJ.:!' and inO
writing concerning atomic energy research which he knew to be class-
ified and confidential, and for the specific purpose of such infor-
mation being furnished to the Soviet Union as an aid in promoting
atomic energy research and development in and for the advantage of
the Soviet, Union. _ ,
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' Fuchs advised that in September, 191.15, in Los Alamos his
contact, ",nmI!!", gave him instructions for the carrying out of a
meeting in England in view of the fact that FUCHS at that time be-
lieved that he would be returning to I-ngland around the first oif the
year, 19146. FUCHS himself actually designated the meeting place in'
view of the fact that, "'RAYIdJ192H!" did not know anything about England-
FUCHS was to carry agcopy of Life at this meeting and his contact
was to have a bundle of books; actually FUCHS never utilized this
method of reestablishing contact with the Soviet Intelligence
Se:-v in En-' and be ' 92 ice bl cause of the exposures which had been made
after his return to Harwell, ngland, in July, 19146, saw certa,in
excerpts there regarding the @&ti§s of ALA ' ~. ,
the British scientist, and this made him fearful of utilizin the
contact although he did not actually believe he would be involved
because he had not engaged in espionage in Canada,
Late in 191:6, he decided to utilize some other method of
reeetablishing contact with the Soviet Intelligenceservice and he
therefore decided to attempt to recontact QURGEN KUCZYNSKI, but
learned that KUSZYN had returned to Gemmy. e, refore,contacted whom he knew to ~be active in con-
nection with an under und section of the German Communist Party
and FUCHS stated He Had known Her prior to the tine EYE? HE went
to the United Statea. He contacted he:-'at her home and told her
that he had "lost contact." He askedcher to get in contact with
whoever had taken KUCZYNSKPS place in Englénd and give them
the message, but he did not explain further. A week or so '
/
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s emzssmws c%wss1£¢ss1sB»> _¢;;<1nH__- Q
late;-he cmmcmdimg just outside or inside the gets
at KQEPWB Cvllfi and 81%| at that time, gave him instructions as
to how he would r=estsh1ish contact for espionage purposes, This
1-"°1d°@ 5 Purd and recognition signals and the contact was tohave a rad book in his hand while FUCHS was to carry a copy of
Tribune . They were *0 meet at the Nogshoad Pub in Wcodgreen,
I-01141011» England. and the recognition signals included the contact
making some remark concerning a drink and W388 making the suitable
79913!» W353 58116? that early in 194'? he actually reestablished
contact with an individual, whose name he did not know, at the
liagshead Pub and at the first meeting with this man nothing was
Passed. The new espionage contact reprimanded FUCHS for utilizing
JOHMIKA HDPSTEE, I1 Oomnunist, in reestablishing contact with the
SW5-Bi EBPiOw£6 3E1'.vi cos. From early 1947 until February or
March of 1949 FUCHS carried out Bpprcximately six contacts with
this new espionage superior, and the contacts were spaced at _
approximately two-month intervals; however, FUCHS says that he
missed 8 large numbezj oi these contacts. He saidsthat there were
two points for the meeting places after the first meeting andthat they alternated between the two spots, one of them bdng at the
Spotted Horse rub on High Street in London, England, and the other
was outside of an underground station in Kew Gardens , London,
England. FUCHS said that he believed that he only delivered one
or two actual reports to thi contact which he hedltaken from his
official position in connection with the Atomic Energy Research
Plant at Harwell, England,
FUCBB said that in delivering materiel to this espionage
contact, the individual would usually disappear for a few minutes
and thencome back, which indicated to FUCHS that he was passing
on the reports to someone else. FUCHS said that in meeting thisindividual in pubs. he would usually go in and sit down and order
mg <11-ink and o short time later he would see the contact in thepub and-FUIRS would wait until the mun then left and would shortly
thereafter follow him out on the street when the contact would be
actually establi shed.
FUCHS said int in either 1947 or 1948 he accepted onehundred pounds in nglish money from his contact. FUCHS said that
he was mtivntod in doing this by the fact that security precau-tions had been tightened up after the exposures in Canada and hefelt that in accepting this money he was more or less assuring, hiscqntaqf up his 103311;;-, 1130118 also said that he may have acceptede. pound or two in Engli sh money at various other times in orderto meet his expenses for travel, but that he did not accept any
presents or giftss _ '_
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2-FUCH8 stated that in 1948 it suggested to him that h .contact an individual by the name __1g_q1g,m at 2 Rue Adolphe ,Xdg/¢_:_-T.n¢;¢4»:
- Bsrtholdi in Paris, France, He was told that this individual G,3»ZZq_4;.__'1"'
would be able to place him in contact with someone who would be *-?--
- ob more fully to understand scientific terms, FUCHS said that
never established contest nor ssmomu aoma1ly
92§ ! in view or the restrictions placed on sterling for -'
use in foreign tn-vol at -about that time. -
Arrangements also were made in order that FUCHS night estab-
lish content with his intermediary in osse the other armngementsbroke down by going to a particular address at 166 Kew Road in
Richmond, Surrey, ngland._' At this point FUCHS was to throw a copy
of the periodical "neroily over the wall of a house. On ue tenth
page oi this periodical FUCHS was to write instructions for the
next meeting. FUCHS was -ihen to go to another point and to make -
B ohalk mark on s wall. FUCHS utilized this method of ocntact on
only one occasion which was merely for the purpose of testing thearrangement, end he did not place any instruction on the mothpage oi the periodical. His oontsot at a 1ater meeting informed
that the method of sstab oontsot had worked
be!
in detail
and had made statements indi osting that they had absolutely no
knowledge of the proposed method of establishing contact,
, FUCHS said that he finally stopped attending meetings withhis contact and that no attempt was made to again activate him i n
Soviet espionage, He also said that his contest may have knownthat he was dissatisfied because he missed so many meetings andalso had not been furnishing all the information which was request!-
FUOHS furnished the following description d his -last
espionage contact in England: ' '
game ' at knownge ' About 30
. Height 5' 6" or 1"
' " Wei ght 160 to 170 pounds
Eyes _ Io recollection
' Build Stocky- Hair Dark blond, oosiaed bask and believed
parted ,
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Fetllrel Fairly round face
Short nose Nose
Li pe
. Glas ses
Tee th
Nationuli byNeither thin nor thick
Ho »
No recollection
FUQH8 uid he could have been a
Rusian, but he is not sure of this.
Bad slight accent. FUCHS not able
to identify,
Does not know,
Drank beer but did not smoke
Personality Friendly, but somewhat reserved
Scientific Bao1<-
ground None
DNBB Well dressed,Accent
Iooupati on
Habits -
FU°33'l'1,S1,T. 1&
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