American Friends Service Committee Part 24

Document text

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
AMERICAN FRIENDS
SERVICE COMMITTEE
PART 19 QF 25
FILE NUMBER: 100 11392

SUBJECT; AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE
FILE #: 100-11392
SECTION: I 9
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UNITED snrrzs G0 ,..R192&#39;MEN&#39;1 ff" W
Zllemorcmdum     -L _%    M&#39; DIRECTOR, FBI 
00-11292!.-r § Inn-rs: _
sac, PHILADELPHIA 
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f the Bureau for information arela,g Enclosed herewith orsix copies of an article from the "Friends Journal", Philedelph &#39; h AFSC and RUSSELL_JOHNSON,Pa., 3/15/88, page 1H0, concernlng t e beginning, "A growing disaffection for Americans in Thelland."
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A |:ro92ving disn
eclion for Americans In &#39;lIsai!:-.nr3, exi-
iienced by a recent ami-.=92meric.m editorial in the newspaper
Siam Ruth, is jusi one indic:uipn of a rcappnisal of Thai policy
in ihe miional self-interest. according to Russell jehnson,
American Friends Service Comzniucc rcpresematire who rc-
ceny returned lrom an in92-esLig:u.ory visii :0 S_ouLise:as1 Asia.
Thai newspapers, he none-d. are under governmcm comrol»!
7_ ln Somh Viemam, which he 92isilCd for the semh mime, he
gound a genera! in-cling of hopeicssncss among die pcopie and
e widespread acquiescence" to lhe National Libcraiion Frorlt
Oiiensive. One t&#39;|T£-Cl of the worsening simation in the cizics, he
says, has been that "cn:reprcm:urs who have been making
money as a resuh of [IE6 92-rm" are caught in the middle." One
Caihoiic Viei
imese fafi
si, apjaaiied by i-we warfare, told ah:
AFSC visitor that Communism . . . in its u-om form . . .newspaper, city and Ila!
coyJdul_1_pgssib1!&#39; be as destructive as this. ---92 /&#39;
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furnished on April 11, 19_57; the follqwing

! A leaflet captioned "AFSC Report From
 Vietnam," which states that BRONSON CLARK
would. present a talk April S, 1957, at
8 p.m., at the Abington Friends Meeting

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BRONSON CLARK was described as a concerned Quaker _
&#39; businessmen experienced in refugee projects who had been in if" --
 Vietnam to observe and analyze the needs of civilian war 
victims. It also stated CLARK was in charge of the AFSC
Vietnam Refugee Program. e » _
&#39; ! Press Release of March 27, 1967, from
v APSC, a copy of which follows:
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Press release c1 1-§a&#39;:&#39;cn 2?, 195&#39;? irgffl 31-Fgsgi
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"The United States has the &#39;o:r.-rer to
~0or:.1itcee, who has just returned
east Asia. t -- i_ 
e stro;-&#39; Vietne.-r.
according to Bro.-as-on P. Clark, program. associate ofbut it cannot vin the "pee-;oT.e_
the _ American Friends Service
from a two months survey trip to Vietnam and So-
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"The &#39;92ietn=.::-.sse, both Forth and South, tbirl-2 oi than-_seJ.ves as Vie&#39;t-r-2:.-=.se and do 1
accept the a:&#39;ir:=*-.:_is-+.:"-&#39;_-."&#39;-&#39;.t thesis
reporting to the !-.958 st:-.&#39;i:1&#39;. "I1"that tlzej; have invoried t";.en::c11&#39;£-:, CI-er}: said,
we wish to stop t!".e loss of Aee:*::.c.=;:1 and Vietr:
lives, than 1.-e nest realize the.-t we are not defending South Vietnam but are in a
znassive  eii&#39;ort to impose &#39;
;_ 1 | I V_ _-,___. ==_..i_ _.:- ._-... _-_,_,--_. _._ B,--_-LL 1|-r_4-_=92__ I1E. gD92&#39;EIT.;_&#39;E..I&#39;1l..- D1 DUI CLr.UiCd DB D-.J¢.1u£l I&#39;J.ELI!.:..1I.h
"Clark tr:-.veled extensively in &#39;vl81&#39;.nE.-.2,_ talking to military, personnel,Vietnanes
leaders and students iournalists and !§F:&#39;3C staff zzez
rers in Q&#39;.1z;."1g I&#39;3."=;i and in I; J 1. _ I _ J
Saigon area. .
Clark vas in Vietnam during the "Iron 1riang1e" or Cedar Falls Operation." Ea .
ported that the .F_*:ericans staged fourteen consecutive B-52 raids, employed nspal
fla::.ethrc&#39;.:ers, defoliation and
log.-1:ed lite a giant steel else
conclusions of_t&#39;nis operation,used ditch diggers and av-.:J.ldozers "until the Jung
hazi rel-red it bee}; and forth." Yet sfaortly after &#39;
the Vi-at Cong staged an ambush which pi-oiuced hes
casualties to an Anzerican military ;r;:-cup. - A _ :- 5 s 1 - _  . -
That is
where we
indicatethe story of this war," said Clerk. "Ha have the ability to move in fo
wish but cermot in fact oocif in anv sioriificant we . &#39;.1ne mil:!.ta.. .   . - .. y 0 C y "TY
that the var is,a&#39; five-year war at a mime and that nan," more America
"troops would have to be &#39;e_mployed." Clark sa:&#39;_&#39;i that the administration in 1-Iasbin
is demanding of our military unreasonable dates and_unattai.naola oo_jec_tiv_es.
Clark sai
 there were ttvo myths holding up negotiations. The first myth, thate
have almost von the war, is contrary to the facts in the field. Even those 1;.;~Q..
1_r:&#39;nces which are declared "pacified" are , in fact, unsa_¬e for Americans who live
in forts surrounded by barbed wire and
The second myth, said Clark, "is the
-fact, the American position in Vietnamonly venture out in anzd strength._
continual stress on negotiations when, -in
is to drive for-ward with the war in order
to "win" something. Clarl-1 indicated that, if the Americans -were sincere about &#39;negotiations, they should ix-*-.-re-.1ia"i;e1y allow a free gpress and £421.?-"i_ii?-.31.-1-il
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doctors, journalists, and other Saigon intellectuals an opportunity no begin tog g 1 &#39; . - &#39;discuss negotiations Hit? the National Liberation Front. a -   ~ - __ _ _
"
e cannot convince the Front-we "wish to negotiate &#39;e1-Len  it ;Lmoos-=.5__p1e _;r;Q
the Vietnamese to -uori-rout anong themselves what form of government nignt ens-rge
that could negotiate  the Viet Cong. To help with negotiations, Americans n-
an i_nternational- presence in Vietnam, to serve as n mediator and to assist the, 
¬_ih1_1$°1f1 -#51::-is?-Pf-"¢_i°
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quiring a practical political procedure 1&#39; o  *-as-.l.._0_ Vietn.._., ntnout pohtical "&#39;ra-.u::a in the D t d S&#39;aes. & _ __ v -I118 T.» _______-Y.;,;,,,en-5 I151-,*1 1sagus&#39;r¢._. -3--gases;-passes, £0051-!.&#39;iI&#39;..nu;b s-.  assiaaeiy».-_-Le, Pa. 192
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__ oi Americans are opposed .tc> the
taps on our side to negotiate
Tne Azccrican myth that China is
is crucbling. China is not re
- most Southeast Asian nations and even .A:1s.-ricans who specialize
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.- o QThe Vietnam v:.-1r offends the entire diplomtic irorld. com-trait
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Clark indicated some optimism on the ending oi the war by virtue of thre
r &#39;elements: s . - - -7-  - -&#39; *&#39; &#39;-_ __ _ _ _ -__ - -.. -.-n&#39; ¢  - -1
_ encouragi&#39;cg. our got-&#39;err.r_ent to negotiate along U E1.-imt&#39;s I _
_ - _2! I-iore and more political leaders no-..&#39; realize that a gro:-ring body
var and would vote for positive
i or I-merican withdrawal.y.
-  - proposals. . __  .-.e -_ . -.1 l  51_,__ __. _....~ -    - -~ "&#39;" " " """"""&#39; "_ _&#39; H &#39;I.-_- - ¢- =5. . - ..-. .~-. _~  _.
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_ »_ in _"China ue.tchin§5" feel that China is currently preoccupied
k - and by no means has the posture of an expending power.
.4great, po".-.-erful and aggressive,
gerded as a zzilitar-y threat by
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q"Another long range cause for optimism," Clark said, lies in the fact that the
Vietnamese people, by educating the zzericcns to__the folly of trying to solxie
_ _ _Southeast Asia&#39;s problems by var, have pro&#39;ba:;..&#39;y saved the United States from a
fwar with __China. .Any_.F.rerican political ad_.qr.istreticn will give long pause
he said, "before leading that nation into a war with China." "
I In January, 1957, Clark resigned as vice presideht of Gilford Instnuce-nt
Laboratories in order to accept his assignment with the AFSC. Previously
I he had worked for the Com-nittee in China, I-iorocco, and Algeria, and had
_ served as a member of the vorking party which produced the book, PEACE III&#39; .» VIEIEUR-I: _. A I-IE1? APPBOQCI IN SOUTH.El4ST ASIA. . - - »r . _ ,1 - &#39;1|
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illi&#39;a3=ho o" "-* &#39;
e By Baoxsos P. Cuuut &#39; s
&#39; lions, but somehow the war in Vietnam, with the
employment of modern weaponry  including air power!
on an essentially peasant country produces civilian suf-
fering in a manner diiierent Irom that of past wars. As
one well-lenotvn international correspondent said to me
in speaking -of the American eliort, "It&#39;s the invasion oi
the Martians!" y {-
One result is that the country&#39;s primitive, provincial
hospital system is overwhelmed with casualties of all ages
and sexes. A New Zealand doctor told me as we walked
through Qui Nhon hospital, "1 believe there are more
civilian casualties than all the military casualties on both
sides combined. This hospital did not have a laboratory
orthy of l.he name; patients were often placed two torbed. Antechambers to the two operating rooms were.lfrowded with wounded, some oi them on tnalcesltiit_coLs&#39;and mats, all waiting their tum at the tables. -" l
A similar hospital in Quang Ngai performs major,
surgery and bone repair but does not even have an X-ray
machine! Some American government aid reaches these
hard-pressed hospitals, but ghley are run by the Saigon
government and sulier from slowness, bureaucratic in-
-eiciency, corruption, and the chaos -resulting from the
war. It seems ironic that while, in the interest of ei
ciency.
the United States interieres with Saigorfs mlitary opera-
tions, it respecu Saigon&#39;s sovereignty in medical matters.
Before coming to Vietnam I was under the imptusion
that the main 
ghting was taking place in remote, moun-
tainous, guerrilla-dominated areas. In trips to cities and
towns from the south to the northern city oI Hue I Sound
that most operations were undertaken in the populated
and [arming areas along the coast. I know of nodty in~ n--u-n|»-i-
__.- I &#39;l__&#39;
QCLUB Lib
ARS have always been hard on civilian popula- -- -- -
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P-133,131+-"F1
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fPhi.1ade1phia}
Date:  .
Elitttons J91 = 13,1
Author: BI OI] S 011
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t_...-. Browtnl-

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L&#39;6&#39;5&#39;3"-iliil Cl-535 ill D3a8- Quail; "gal-_Ql_Nh°T"_&#39;*&#39;hlilitary&#39; ollicials have told me privately than--it
antl, oi course, Saigon have Vietcong operating right tn
the suburbs and olte the towns thernselt-"es. The
United States military has responded with H and I lire
_ Ilarassment and lnterdiction!, which is random shelling
to keep the VC of? balance. This shelling is done by Navy
ships and shore-based batteries. The second-largest pro
ducer oi civilian casualties is no doubt machine-gun 
re
from helicopters. As one GI said, "ll they wave at us we
assume they are friendly, but if they run we let em
have it!" 

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§~".....t="..,.,",,&#39;",bel&#39;ore Asia and the rest of world.I
Fl92&#39;92&#39;h_iTe&#39; the johnson administration verbalizes&#39;Eii"iIiE
ow of aid from the North and on Hanoi&#39;s direction oi
the Vietcong. the fact is that the United States military
is confronted with a continuing full-scale insurgency in
the South. We are very much at war apinst South Viet-
nam, and the moves into the Delta are hard to 
t into
the existing U.S. Administration myths. All agree that
the Delta has been a 92&#39;C stronghold for thirty-{our years.
despite there being scarcely a l92&#39;ortherner in the place!
From my search for Vietnamese opinions on how the
war might be stopped, one thing emerged as paramount.
This was the [act that, as a leading Catholic priest said
to me, "censorship of our press and the inability to dis-
cuss peace initiatives plus the suppression oi even neu-
tralisnf makes it impossible for us to 
nd a way out. 9292&#39;e
-must rely on the United States for that."
A youthful Vietnamese woman active in the ooopera-
tive movement said, "Maybe a miracle will save us."
Throughout her whole liie-she has known nothing but
war, and the poignancy of her cry indicated her despair.i But wars are made by rnan, not by God, and prayerslzot followed by speci
c acts upon our part will not pro-
duce "miracles." ,There are still initiatives available Id
the United States. U &#39;Ihant&#39;s three steps  stop bombing
in thqhiorth, de-escalate in the South, and negotiate with
-all participating parties! taken all together, are still valid.
Or a leaf could be taken from Jhlgeria, whet: the provi-
sional government" that was set up to run a referendum
-stepped aside in favor oi the new government. Some ob-
servers here feel that the present Constituent Assembly
-offers a chance to create some similar government, behind
which the United States can beat a strategic retreat. Eiren
though the Assembly screened out neutralist, it seems
-clear that groundwork is being laid for eventual n¢gOtia-
{ions with the NLF. .
Meanwhile we should continue to bind up me wounds
of the war and to keep pressure on our Government oili-
cials to reverse the continued massive American military
build-up and its concomitant destruction. We should
pushlior prompt American military withdrawal. Ye can-
not achieve our stated objectives, however noble, by em-
ploying present methods. The tides of nationalism run
strong in Southeast Asia. A policy that takes this into
aocount can start the process of regaining our lost moral

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the two-month trip for the§l?Tm5- _
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ittgsl rc¬_r:rl£ld&#39; ire; g.§ES5i:"n-o&#39;J::;{EEf-21.5 to gas   that] of;tarts   °é Em?"  .51; Tbc:r:ti§u:2&#39;l:1 us i_&#39; ten: _&#39; vr. rt .. ._their Arch Street Mee2.ing:"Ti1e word negotiation, so fre-House, 4th and Arch sis, iquently used by the administra-&#39;l
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t;:r;":i$::.""~e u mg ..er1:ans, t was &#39; - --- -~ ~ t
charged by the Quaker 0h=e:&#39;92=er.l There is no free press. 43,008
"Our hoped-for victory &#39;9292&#39;nu!d_p0litical prisoners, the Buddhists
be nr;ti".ir.g more Lhar. winrting dare thorzzz.-ehlv crushed. It is u[pi-ravcyard, for our war policygpolice slate,-ilh the present as-
-an only destroy the country semblv screened to keep out notHrithnut winning the Vie!-ionly .com1-nunisis but also neu-_
lnarnese." Clerk declared. tralisls, and tree-thinking intei~i &#39; &#39; lectuals, including college pro-|
fessors, are closely watched. A
"Our mllitzrv achievements "We are not defending South
have thus far lreen the leveling lviemam but are in a massive
military effort to impose a gov .Iernment of our choice upon lL,"f°:_a.5°5- F555 "57 mbbfrl
the men. -i¢>.-=.=".*-&#39;&#39;<=M- ... =*.=§&"@ F!-=i= ..Presidem J
tmmn has im_:f!Fl§.S to be rue anc inc Cit!E$&#39;
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fanother five years and :_nother-ffeam in-Quang Ngal .
llll _mB. If "F mlnmlum-"&#39;l Clark reported especially onezlhe CO!11ll&#39;tt3&#39;;f]: ll as a myth that W19 ch}. OI Qua; Ngai and theare are 92&#39;~&#39;m"""£. Elehtr nerwty work there of an American
WT the 5°~1Fm&#39;}&#39;5i&#39;3B is 5&#39;5 i" ¢°&#39;i Friends Service team of ten na-
ltroi of Viet Cone,,known there- - - 5 A - Th ,. as the National Libel-anon in-<mr.j ;&#39;,,,§§,f§£,5fi,;&#39;f;,ud&#39;:&#39;§:,§f,§;i,m,,§|&#39;§th&#39;Th9 *_°¢3_°d Pa¢*t&#39;;:¢al&#39;°" 35- history professor on leave from l , - ,, . I lthe-_r1&#39;|?:d92&#39;iF :35 Rigteri-ganmt D. the _0go_ntz Center of _Pcr.ns3l-| _1 »8__ _0 9 _ _PB ,vama State University, and,
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if ;£.; :=;*; ?S5 ani £56, carried an article captioned, .
&#39;T;Iki?: Vat: the Lneev," by ROSS FLANAGAN, which revealed
that EROHSOn CLLRK, RUSSELL JOHNSON, and ROSS FLANAGAN, all
cf the AFSC, in September l967 participated in a week-longconference in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, with the Czechoslovakia:
-  &#39; tee as host. The reetings, arranged by DAVID . Peace commit W
DELLINGER, editor of Liberation, brought together H1 Americans&#39;  " &#39; &#39; t e bersgenerally representative of the "Lew Left with eigh m m
Of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
The conference sessions were largely
formal statements, professions
the enumeration and exchange o
further discussion. The NLF placed major emph
statement on the historical development of the
ce and the quality.of life in it
the North Vietnamese focused the
around their country&#39;s extensive and imaginati
to cope with stepped-up American bombing. The
delegation presented an assessment of the effe
ncmic} of the car&#39;in the United
of the role of various constituencies activepresentation of
admiration, and
for independen
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social, and eco
an explanation
in the anti-war movement
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&#39; §?EZE?X_§9-3§e 55?? 5r§E¬?§teYiEEL9§.ViE§am -
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}&#39;:_;The §p£eading War _ . &#39;_ _: 1&#39; &#39;_ . - . . 7
- .The return to Southeast Asia for a second visit -separated by one year
produced a striking impression of a war of increasing intensity but, far more
seriously, a war that has now spread in substantial ways to the Southeast Asian 1
are familiar with the h0,000 American troops in
five major air oases from which American pilots
currently bomb Laos and North Vietnam. We are also aware of the recent issue of
hot pursuit into Cambodia. Unfortunately, most of the press and public attention
appears to have been on the point of the reaction of Prince Sihanouk should hot
pursuit occur either in- the form of incursions into his territory by American _
troops or, more likely, bombing by the air force. There has been far less
attention to the fact that such hot pursuit is a major escalation of the war.
as predicted by U Thant well over a year ago. &#39; - .Thailand and the existence of
1 Q 1- -. Q4 ._ =.- - . __ .. _" AS 101 Laos itself, conversations with international agency personnel,
diplomats and newsmen would appear to confirm that the war there is growing in
intensity although limited in part by the fact that the United States cannot
overtly, under its 1962 neutrality agreement, place American military troops in
Laos. However, I have met International Voluntary Service personnel who
indicate that there are at least two military camps which are under the
direction of American Green Berets who are not in uniform but dressed in blue
denim and who are engageli in trainlng the Laotian army in counter-insurgency -
tactics. Furthermore, TVS personnel in Laos tell me that a very substantial
number of individuals who are known as requirements officers" and who are attache
to the USAID mission are in fact military personnel actively engaged in advising
and training the Lao army. In addition, the CIA was reported to be active and
had installations adjacent to most of the major air ports in the areas under the
control of the Laotian government. There was considerable evidence that American
militaryassi stance to the Lao air force was causing increased bombing of the
areas involving the Ho Chi Minh Trail and other Pathet Lao controlled areas. &#39;
Green Beret training of an elite
I personally visited this
themselves. They areAnother disquieting development is the
military unit of "Free Khmers in South Vietnam.
training camp and talked with many of the Khmers
technically in the South Vietnamese army but are dressed in better than average
uniforms and are paid 2,000 piastres penmonth over thenormal pay of other
South Vietnamese army units. They are in training at Long Hai, which is located
just across the bay from Vung Tai at the mouth of the Saigon River. Many of
these men were born in Cambodia, although some were born in South Vietnam. They
are anti-Sihanouk followers of Son Ngoc Thanh who is a political opponent of
Sihanouk currently resident in Saigon. Thanh was formerly the prime minister of
Cambodia at the time of the Japanese occupation during the 5econd World War.
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It would appear clear that the training of these Free Khmers in counter-insurgen
1 indicates their possible use should relations with Sihanouk deteriorate to the
&#39; point where land entry into Cambodia is called for by the American military."
1 .
The increase in American military pressure throughout the whole area,
including intensification oi bombing in North Vietnam, has apparently produced
f -fconsiderable counter-escalation in various areas. It would appear that the
 insurgency in Northeast Thailand is now receiving considerable support from
._ _ North Vietnam and China, that substantial groups of North Vietnamese military
" regulars are operating in Laos in the provinces contiguous to North Vietnam and
through the eastern and southern areas of Laos near the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Thes
. North Vietnamese regulars - according to diplomats, IVS personnel and lnternatio
-&#39; _ 4- lb A B A _ . 4 4- 41-.L-ontrol Cosme ssicn personnel -fl"-Lh when I .,ai..e... - have made e>.c-nrsions lfit-O 1.41:3
plains from the mountainous areas, taken rice and then retreated into the hills.
Also, American scholars familiar with Southeast Asian affairs have accepted
figures on the number of Chinese Peoples Liberation Arm}: troops now in North
Vietnan as being upl-rards oi 140,000. Their work in North Vietnam appears to
be concerned primarily with logistics and railroad repair. During my visit I
talked with the Southeast Asian scholar, Mr. Brian Shaw, who is with the
Department of International Relations Institute of Advanced Studies, AustralianL National University, Canberra. C His area of study is concerned primarily with
Chinese-North Vietnamese relations and he indicated that on the basis oi data
E from three independent sources he now believes that there are 30,000 Chinese .
f troops operating in North Vietnam in logistic support. This, of course, is
- a major intervention on the part of, China and makes academic any speculation
that China would permit a military defeat of the Democratic Republic of North
Vietnam, let alone of the h&#39;LF. In conversations with senior iunericen military
_ personnel and American diplomatic personnel one is aware of the desire of these
people to discuss the war in Vietnam not just in specific terms of Vietnam itsel
* They give an analysis based upon .a major confrontation with "communists",
L insurgents or those who advocate "wars of liberation" throughout all Asia. As
the American Ambassador to»Laos, William Sullivan, said, The American people do
not realize that if we are properly-to confront China a larger understanding of
United States goals and dbjectives is required. Further, a willingness on the
part of Americans to sacrifice for their belief in a free world" must be equal
to the sillingness with which the communists are sacrificing for their beliefs."
This rather harsh cold war analysis leaves out any understanding of the tides of
nationalism which sweep through Asia or oi the wide variety of cultures, languag
* and beliefs which divide the numerous countries of Southeast Asia. However, the
point here is that it is an attitude which seeks not negotiation but the applica*
of further military power in a situation where political and economic solutions
point the only way toward peace. 1
. _ - _ _  - Q
_2. TheTUntruth.ful_I-
F
§ - The second most striking thing to a visitor is the substantial discrep
 between the position held by General William Westmorelend that the "end is in
 sight" and the realities&#39;one sees in Vietnam. Hard evidence shows that "securit;
has deteriorated throughout South Vietnam as against a year ago. Senator Percy
was in Vietnam during my visit and in conversations with his staff I was info
eei
that in one private meeting between the Senator and seven senior American cor:-es
pondents all seven agreed that the United States could not win the war.
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They were speaking in the-sense that the stated objectives of the American govern-
ment could not, in fact, be achieved by our present methods and that the country 1
was gradually being destroyed and the cultzn-e ruined. Mr. Scott Cohen, a member _
of Senator Percy&#39;s staff, stated that out of approximately twenty newsman with
who.-: they talked, nineteen felt the present American posture in Vietnam was a _
disaster, lhe same opinions were held by nmerous International Voluntary Service
personnel and many USAID representatives as well as leading Vietnamese.
The representative of CARE in De Hang reported that he no longer uses -
the main route leading south as he recently was ambushed in broad daylight. A
Elizabeth Brown, the director of Foster Farents Plan no longer can pe
t her s
social workers to travel and nor: confines the staff to Saigon. IVS personnel
told me that many areas heretofore open to them are closed ; particularly in the
Central Highlands but also in many other areas such as the Delta. Roger Montgomery
who is the director of IVS operations in Four Corps, which covers the entire Delta,
told me that villages where his agricultural workers had stayed were now insecure
and that they had to return to the provincial capital at night.
He spoke of the difficulty of traveling from Can Tho, which is the
military headquarters of Four Corps, down to Soc T:-rang, the provincial capital
of Ba Xuan Province, as this road had become insecure. In fact, in Can Tho
itself there is a curfew at 9 pm and Americans and American military personnel
within the city live behind barbed wire and anti-grenade nets extending to the
third floor of the billet and protected by guards with machine guns. I
witnessed Vietnamese personnel entering and leaving American basis in the Delta
being given body search. The ability of the Viet Cong to travel freely through
the Delta and their hold on the great majority of the people is admitted by the
American military. Vietnamese Christian Service personnel, a Protestant service
organization assisting primarily in work with refugees, confirm that in the
Da Nang areavthere is a serious deterioration of security. This was underscored
by a recent Viet Cong mqrtar attack on the massive American air base at Da Rang _
from the hills a short distance away. A visit to a large American air base
located at Phu Gat, which is east of Pleiku, revealed that large numbers of
planes had to be evacuated recently because of VG shelling of the base. Dne
must remember that these are heavily protected bases of enormous size, located
in populous areas which are unlike the jungle areas and show the ability of the
VG to move pretty much at will even the the coastal areas. ,_
_ . The Saigon Bureau Chief of the New York Times, Mr. Thomas Buckley,
said to me that security is probably worse and certai
ly no better than a year
ago and that one hould assume that General Westmoreland would always put a
good light on "progress". Two l&#39;ong conversations with Franpois Sully of
Newsweek revealed that In-nerican combat groups were i
iunder-manned and that
soldiers with only 90 days of training were going into combat. As I had just
read the arti&#39;cle in the December ll issue of Newsweek entitled "Filling the
Holes" which reveals how the Pentagon is able to quickly replace those killed _
in battle, it seemed in direct conflict  the information given by Frangois
Sully. He reported, however, that his own story on the 20% deficiency had been
checked by his magazine with the Pentaeo and "2 ensuing story was the result.
- . " Q -22-
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V The continuing struggle between America: nevsmen and the briefing
officers of JUSPAO  Joint United States Public Affairs Office! is notorious
and the head of JUSPAO recently was changed primarily, as one newsman said to
me, "because of the bad relations between the U.S. establishment and the press
in Vietnm". Part of this is because the Johnson Administration has been
pressing sharply for good reports from the field which show progress. T ran
into this in several interviews which revealed the pressure on American
personnel to send encouraging reports from their areas which Washington could
-use to present an optimistic picture. This was confirmed in a news story by
11: 11L Apple of the New York Times on the front page of the January l, l96B,
issue in a release entitled, "U.S. Said to Press Sharply for Good Vietnam
Reports. 
Basic to this reporting is the operation of "1-1.E.S.", a hamlet
evaluation system by which each hamlet in South Vietnam is classified on a grade
from A through E as to degree of security or pacification. It is this basic
system of analysis which produces the figures by which the Administration claims
we control two-thirds of the people. Basic data as to whether a hamlet is under
VC control or Saigon government control. or a variation in between is produced at
the district level. The American military district advi sors, the overwhelming
majority of whom speak no Vietnamese, are entirely dependent upon information
given by the district chief who is Vietnamese. This district chief is a. South
Vietnamese army officer operating with an extremely limited English vocabulary
and not particularly desirous of presenting a gloomy picture. The result is
that an almost totally false set of data is being received as to what area is
secure and what is insecure, what roads are open or closed, which roads can be
traveled without military escort and those which are open only in the sense that
they can be traversed in heavily armed convoys. Yet the Pentagon continues to
issue press releases based on this data creating a wholly false impression which
irritates even the military personnel in Vietnam. For example, one U.S. military
officer responsible for an entire province in the Dalta said, "The VG had this
area for 25 years. Out of; 1450 hamlets in this province we have perhaps pacified
four. It is uireedistic to expect without enema-nsly increased efforts that we
could pacify this province within the six months to one_ year goal Saigon has
given "us. No doubt there will have to be an American presence for 25 years if
we are to accomplish the long range goals of building a viable economic and
political society. After all, this is Asia!"
3. _&#39;1he War _for_ the People: 
&#39; It is a contention cf the Administraticnthat there are more and more
defectors from the Viet song, that there is a diminution of anti-American feeling
as a result of increasing security and pacification. Once again a visitor to the
Iield must report that this conclusion appears to be almost wholly at variance
with the facts. Quaker personnel which now number 30 in South Vietnam report
universally a rising anti]-Americanisn based largely on the continued enormous
grdwth of American presence with its concomitant increased military activity, .
particularly bombings, with the creation of masses of refugees and civilian
casualties. This opinion is confirmed by other volunteer agency personnel, such
as those with International Voluntary Service ,; who report that it is more difficult
than ever to have close Vietnamese friends and that as the American presence
increases they as Americans begin to feel more and more isolated fronrtheir
Vietnamese counterparts._ -  ___23_

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In A conversation with Dean Thanh Liam, who is a Saigon government. worker
attempting to initiate social service projects in the slum areas of Saigon e
in order to counter the work of Viet Cong cadre who operate throughout his districts
ha ~l>n&#39;|H once hen 1.-an 92~92na&#39;92&#39;-111: &#39;|>r92 nnr-::192&#39;|&#39; 
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due, as he said, to the anti-Americanism which is on the increase in his districts.
e- so The Vietnamese Buddhist leaders, .both student leaders and religious leader
---report that the poor American intelligence which often causes air attacks on _ __ _ _
"friendly" villages is another cause of the rise of anti-Americanism. One .BddCU&#39;J.lSL
leader reported that in a village near Pleiku regarded as friendly the VG staged
a military attack against the police station in the village. This resulted in a
retaliatory air strike against the entire village by the air force. IVS personnel
reported to me that their attempts to file complaints to the military with respect-
to air strikes in friendly areas had met with rebuff and in some cases antagonist.
_ Those familiar with the complexities of the administrative bureaucracy of
pacification and who have followed the changing alphabet from USO!-I through USAID
through O00 {Office
~- coordination effort
programs, have come
; requirements. This
1_----people who have had
* these professionals
Iof Civilian Organization! to CGPCGS, which is the present
between the military operations and the civilian pacification
to expect the predominance in priorities for military -
has resulted in disenchantment on the part of many USAIUJ
other overseas experience. Volunteer agency people report that
have been leaving in large numbers to be replaced by USAID
personnel recently recruited in the United States who have no experience and
_ very little understanding of work in underdeveloped areas abroad, let alone a
grasp of the compleadties of trying to win hearts and minds in a situation
. 1.&#39;|hr=-r-1: Han in-i1-if-car-xr as-a -I-i al-92+-True Q crew n¥&#39; n+,+v~i&#39;|&#39;_~?nn acninlii. II nnnn&#39;H=!_ _.. ..-.. _...- .....__.._._, ..... -l,,........g .. ...... ..._ ....-.--...... ..g..-...... _ ,....,._-.
- I also sensed growing disenchantment among U.S. Embassy personnel. D
A A close-up view of the pacification program was afforded me during a
visit to ea luyen &#39;Province,,l0cated south of Can Tho in the Delta. I arrived at
the provincial capital, see Trang, and proceeded unannounced to the 1-ncv  Military
Advisement Group Vietnam! .- This is the headquarters which coordinates the _
military and civilian efforts looking toward the pacification of the province. &#39;
-_ I had been given the name of the psychological warfare officer and after some
inquiry from a number of personnel milling around proceeded to the second floor,
-_ opened a door and entered the briefing room and outer office of the provincial
representative, otherwise known as the ".Provrep". The Provrep is an American,
usually a military officer _either retired or on leave, who with his Vietnamese
counterpart, the provincial governor, directs the military and civilian programs.
e I introduced myself to the psychological warfare officer as being a representative
. of the American IE-iends Service C-ommittee_which has 30 people in Vietnam and Said
e that while I had considerable relation to these people my basic responsibility was
_ to assay the progress and effect of the war on Vietnamese society and to..update
lq - _ . cl O . 0-, the informatiomwhich the American Friends Service Committee U583 in making
;. various proposals for a negotiated solution to the war. I stated that we were
§._ _ critics of the Administration&#39;s military effort in Vietnam. Stealing a leaf 
from Stewart He-acham&#39;s book, I asked with a smile uh
. "informed critics" as against uni&#39;nforme-d critic-s"e He replied with a laugh,
Informed critics, by all means", and said he wouldether they would not prefer
answer any question I had., . ,.- _ --Q -1
, _:&#39;-. :1   result was a full military briefing in front of the map 1~&#39;l&#39;Li1 its -
.¥3.T&#39;lO11S plasticoverlays which set forth the military and pacifi-cation objectives,
 those that had been obtained in 1967 and those projected for io

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The map indicated that there was some progress in some of the hamlets directly
along the branch of the Mekong River and perhaps along one main canal but, by
and large, the entire province could be classified as thoroughly unpacified and &#39;
militarily insecure. The map showed the location of all AHVN  Saigon! troops
and areas under the control of the VC. It indicated in colored circles the range
of 10$ mm. cannon for Harassment and lnterdiction Fire. The VG were alleged to
have a main route for moving supplies from Cambodia down into the Delta and .
across to some of the regrouping areas further to the south and west of Ba Xuyen
Province. I was informed that the objectives for 1968 were the pacification of
the entire province in the first six months with some mop-up activity for the
second six months. Based on the very small progress to date, this seemed to :ne_
a totally unrealizable objective and l inquired of the ?rovrep whether or not
he felt the objective to be wholly unrealistic. He felt that the objective was
unrealistic given his present troop level but indicated that there were consider-
able plans in Saigon at American military headquarters to supply him with additio
.al aid in the form of additional American and Vietnamese troops. However, he
lamented that his South Vietnamese military counterpart, the military governor,
had not heard of these plans to date from his superiors. Subsequent to the
briefing we were joined by the editor of the Chattanooga Times who flew in for
a visit from Saigon. At one point he asked the Provrep whether or not the
pacificaticn of the province and the country generally wold he done for less
than the $36 billion a year currentlybeing spent. This brought a wry smile to
the Provrep who responded that if aid was not increased but decreased the job
of pacification would stretch out ad infinituzm. The psychological warfare office
then took the editor of the Chattar
oga Times and myself by U. S. Army helicopter
to a pacified hamlet which he said was the best one in the province and known as
Soc Dong. This is a hamlet east of Soc Trang in an area inaccessible by road
but accessible by small canals where fourteen "Vietnamese families have had their
village augmented by 100 additional families and then barbed wire erected around
their village -with a mud-walled military post built in one corner of the village.
We landed on _a small paddy dike and stepped out of the copter which promptly
departed and proceeded lip meet the hamlet chief.
We were informed by the psychological warfare officer that the
pacification of this rhamlet had proceeded first with a major military effort to
sweep the VC regulars from the area. Then one of the Vietnamese 59-man revolutic
ary development teams had entered the hamlet to proceed with its pacification.
This meant rooting out the V0 cadre and then, in cooperation with the American
USAID program, distributing goods. In addition the hamlet was surrounded with
barbed wire, three small concrete foot bridges were built over waterways, a
small generator was supplied so each hut could have one light bulb and finally
a post was erected in the center of the village on which a-television set was
placed. The psychological warfare officer said the heretofore the VD had
conscripted their young people and often taken rice. Now the Saigon govermnent
personnel were paying them cash for their rice and some measure of prosperity
was therefore achieved for the first time by the hamlet. e 
During the visit the hamlet chief asked the psychological warfare offit
for a gift of a transistor radio, which would seem to indicate that the wants
would probably be pretty endless as time went on. However, the revolutionary
development team had now moved on to another village, leaving these Vietnamese
to defend themselves against am incursions the VC might make. During the tour
the psychological warfare officer happened to mention that only last week 1
VC_ -cadre girl was discovered within the hamlet and she had been removed.  &#39;t i s -4-&#39;l5- -  ~

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being discovered next weeh. It would appear that the pacification was
---essentially on B total -economic subsidy and give-away prograu. It was
that this smell ho.-clot coo-lo be attacked and overcome at any time even
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;!O5&#39;i»5 alone in o kind oi working agreement with the Saigon government troops . .
who in turn left then alone.  was one of the probla-..s the Americans ;5=iid &#39;
they faced and could account for the ability perhaps of some oi these isolated
ll-.-41 I: .-U!!! L.-.-_-*1.-4¢- J-A I_I92CQI_F:!Il92 out H.-.|-.p-4 fan !&#39;92 I--inn T u--.n uurvnvvua AP nn192&#39;ne|:s 1-.92&#39;e::"!"pg:-1..;L,1.;.92:g.L p;:.:u.,L;:g..: -pp p_u._192.rvq: up lcnau J-U1 d uuuwe J. In-a Ia-Wei-J-=3 V4 vvvu Dy we-H
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_g-l-&#39;|some hamlets had undergone pecification up to six tunes.
" ____&#39;.!he_§1.=!&#39;o-osi_2if._&#39;t»he..ret11rni.n:; helicopter cut short_O11!
our goodbyes and shortly were airborne over the hamlet 1&#39;l_ving
up to avoid crossing over hostile country where vc might take
tire-r"It"was"s"bitter complaint oi the psychological warfarevisit, and 1»re_said
almost vertically
the helicopter und<
officer that most
of the operations in the province were" conducted from the air or by shelling a
long distance from the ground He felt that real pacification could never occur2-,-Isntil-_persoreeelo;er&#39;e;eetoali}":on-thegrcu.nd ld working t-hroughout~-the Qarovince.1
*. A likelihood of this oocoring in the near futuredid not seem bright to him. Om
could only conclude that with over L100 hamlets to so e-HY idea that the "end indo
--is in oight">i§ a myth. As e matter oi fact, this was clearly recognized by the
gul-Provrep who ruefully said we really have only one pacified PIoVi11ee&#39;i1&#39;1 all of
Vietnam. He was referring to An Gieos which is a province with specific ethnic
And tribal minorities which have historically been hostile to the VG.
During my visit, I once again made the trip by land through Phone Tuy
Province which had been declared pacified several times. There were the same
forts where 1-Lmericans end Yietnamese lived in encampments behind concrete and
barbed Vise. -There Ferefthe same regrouped peasants in make-shift villages amid
a devastated and destroyed coontrysidc- The only difference was that-this time
the American military presence had been augmented by Australian military personn
who traversed the main road with enormous canon carried an great, wide he!-.f-trac
vehicles. There were also extensive mobile mortar eemPe-
es which shelled the
hi-1-15 of the province both by day 8-Rd by night. Aerial surveillance continued
with observer planes being the pilot fish for air strikes. Any idea that this
province Wes "pacified" spy more than it was a year ago would be hand to EH15?-Bill
ind it is imports-at to realize that, basicallr, Teeci
cation has meant to we
military not aiming over the Vietnmnese people but making it possible 1;-O  enter
the province without being shot at. - __ ,_ _ 7
_ I held long Conversations with Dr. Au Truong Thanh who was Hinisterrof
Finance under Diem but was later imprisoned by Diem. He was also briefly Minist
or Finance under President Ky but was later imprisoned&#39;by m as well. J31» Than
-waste peace candidate 1&#39;01! president but ruled off the ballot by the military jun
In 0 Qresponse to e. question regarding the rise of antz.-Americanism he said, "There
is
if
. _ I -ae-s.lz.-.c-st e total lack of support for the smerican position. He
a poll were taken among say SO of his friends none would think
could in any sense win the hearts and minds of the Vietnamese.indicated that
that the 11.5
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I It would be expected that this courageous critic of the military government would &#39;
hold such opinions, but they were confirmed by numerous interviews with newsman,
diplomats, government workers, volunteers and Vietnamese from various walks of "--
lifeo &#39; u V 
- I I revisited a Chieu I-Ioi center for VG defectors in I Corps and found ~
that the population of the camp in-one year had dropped from 300&#39;to B9. A tour
of the camp revealed little, if any, meaningful. activity politicgly and the program
to provide productive skills consisted of nine sewing machines and two barber chairs
-Visits to the refugee camps confirmed the reports appearing in the American press
as to the lack of sanitation, water facilities or cultivable land and attests to _
their overcrowded conditions with demoralization of the young and old alike. - l
The American government has made several statements respecting increased aid to
refugees and more attention to treating the thousands of civilian casualties but
to date these have largely been promises for the future. Given the increased ~-
pattern of intensified war, one can only conclude that we are deluding ourselves
if we think our present methods in Vietnmn are "winning hearts and minds".
&#39; 1,1 . The Nati onali sts 1 t
One is struck on a visit to Vietnam with the number of moderate nation-
alists who, inspite of a rather harsh police state, continue to make known to any v
observer their belief that a solution to the war must involve the creation of a
government in the Saigon-controlled areas which is not dominated by a military
junta and which wil_l be willing to enter negotiations with the National Liberation
Front leading to some :[orm of coalition government which is based on the power
realities with which South Vietnam is confronted today. When the term nationalist
is used we are speaking of various political leaders, intellectuals, professors,
student leaders and Buddhists who are basically anti-JC but who feel that it is
better to attempt to create a government based upon negotiations among the
-dietiamese rather than to continue with the destruction of their country, the
enormous casualties, the growing corruption and degeneration of their culture
plus the possibilities of a totally expanded war throughout the whole Southeast -
Asian area. As one youthful Buddhist leader stated, "It is time for the Buddhists
to negotiate with the National Liberation Front. At least they are Vietnamese
whereas there is no hope with the Americans who are destroying our country-
All of South Vietnam&#39;s Catholic bishops recently joined in a statement calling
for an end of the war and negotiations with the NLF and Hanoi.
I-r. Ton That Thien who is currently a
and who was the editor of the Vietnam Guardian,
closed by the Saigon government for over. twelve _
United States wants to punish or contain China, bomb Vietnam? Why pick on us?
Why do you -send people who lcnow absolutely nothing about Vietnam to devise
_ programs for Vietnam? Mgr do you support a corrupt military government?
Cannot we have a true nationalist government which will negotiate with the
communists! Diem wanted,-that, so he was killed. He was really a nationalist, 
sp I supported him, but he was killed. How can you fight communism with this
milita.r,v government? The people have no respect for this government. The other
side is unreasonable. I-lo Chi Minh blindly resists. Do they want Vietnam destroy-
ed, the genocide of a people? That is what is happening. The Americans are
making millions of refugees and killing masses of others. Are you trying to win
us with this bombing? The bombing of a tiny and poor country?-  -1% -2» -I-92-nun-PQe1u-an 5+  -v92:&#39;l&#39;I-11&#39;Fl LII-¢§§LJA Ell IQ-ll JIJJ-U;
a newspaper which ha . _
months, said, "Why,.&#39;if the 92

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A bombing now equal in tonnage to that dropped in all of World War II? Vietnam
will be crushed between cor-mumian and capitalism and &#39;we_wa.nt neitherl Vietnamese
with no money or jobs are forced to work on your payroll and our society is &#39; * *
becoming corrupt. Even if the war were to finish not: it would take three genera
tions to recover." This is typical of the opinions of the nationalists who feel
that they cannot resolve their own Vietnamese differences because the Americans
i;il.l not permit it. __ _
- Among the nationalists holding this view are some who are currently in
the Saigon government itself. They have become increasingly despairing of the
ability to maintain programs based on real accomplishment and integrity in a tide
wave of corruption surrounding the billions which the United States is pouring ir
the Vietnam effort. iwo government liaders actively working in national program:
stated to me that the corruption involving USAID materials was "total". In one
case one government worker insisted that no USAID material enter the area in whic
he was working as it made his job impossible and it would be better to have no
aid than to be surrounded by the corruption which negated his every effort. One
would like to quote these individuals by name and identify them but Americans
must realize that the Vietnamese live in a tight and rigid police state in which
police agents and counter-intelligence agents are everywhere. As one student
leader put it, "We do not have the money or resources to lcncm the full story of
the penetration of the CIA but let me say we smell. them everywhere.
.->
Buddhist leaders are particularly watched by the police and in many ca:
must report weekly to the police. Some are unable to return to their own village
or cities, such as Hue, from which they came. Interviews with leaders of Buddhii
educational institutions convince one that they are operating under enormous
government pressure and surveillance. In fact, the recent mobilization order whi
lowered the draft age from 2&#39;1 to 1B provides for conscripts into the South
Vietnamese arnw to serve 15 years. Recently ten Buddhist students were drafted
out of their -university into the army and subsequently staged a hunger strike in
protest against the new I-mobilization order.&#39; This mobilization order, of course,
came about because of the American pressure to force the Vietnamese to participa1
more actively in the war, a thing that they are obviously increasingly reluctant
to do. In two interviews Thich Tri Quahg, the most forceful and well-kfnown
Buddhist leader in South Vietnam, stated that one cannot discuss a coalition
government or relations with the NLF or even the Americans without first stoppirq
the war. Thich Tri Quang also stated that present American policy created
communists. He said the _policy was -so disastrous that every objective as stated
about producing a Vietnam according to American objectives was unobtainable.
He felt, therefore, that the present policy must be reversed before the other
questions could be dealt with as the war made these questions impossible to_
resolve. There is no doubt that as the war proceeds even the nationalists may
be reluctantly driven to closer coll ahoraticn with the M.-F as moderate and
middle ground. is eliminated by the Americans. The very Vietnamese group which
could enter into negotiations with the NLF and who could moderate and have
substantial effect on any NLF program, the Buddhists, is being harshly dealt wit]
by the American establishment in conjunction with the Thieu-Ky government as _
we press on for elusive military victory. The inability to have free and open
elections, the inability for a press to function within the Saigon-controlled

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. The end result is that the Administration pursues an ever expanding war
and creates an illusion with the American public that it will soon be over. _ _
_&#39;gc.v921.-92_r-92~:1¢92 -GI-92-92 nnnwuwpqqn 14-an-In Q-I 1-In-was -no-J -I--q.-ua-owner-on an-ans Ina It"l:1Q 1.91-5 EQ-1921I~.9292AvI&#39;i&#39;92&#39;92921&#39;01--c:.uv.u..LJ.c nu: Izuuiiuuua _|,U;:| Lu. .L.|.92&#39;U=I GLJU 9;, assure: Euca vu l:u..|.A.92: I-G avuvuu.Lau._y
refuse to tel-cs the steps which could lead to negotiations. Because of its poor
milita:~;.-&#39; posture in Vietnam the Administration presses this grim war oi attrition
until it calculates it can dominate any negotiation or force unconditional _ _
surrender." &#39;- i &#39;
5- The Quelierc Evert-as i &#39; &#39;
A year later the Quang Ngai Hospital looks grimmer and more overwhelmed
1.v1&#39;-PH 0-:¢:ns&#39;|+ie5 &#39;|"h:n} &#39;|ae&#39;."n1-an + 4-he §&#39;{s-use nu syn!  +1145 l.hr92_&#39;l-.=-A 1&#39;92nqh&#39;1+.2-:1 HRH -l. lljl vu.-we.-....v vuu-|. w J-92I-l92-II nu I-us v.uu ua cg won-1. -.1-.¢-V--92... veer.-.---. as---a
a 750 patient load plus some patients on porches and entryways who were not A
actually enrolled in the hospital. It continues to be a shattering experience &#39;
to walk through these over-crowded wards with patients two to a bed, with
inadequate medical staff and inadequate sanitary facilities or even water. I
observed patients leaving the wards and going to the toilet in the grassy spots
adjacent to the buildings. Some wards had one cold water spiggot for over 100
patients. In one orthopedic ward there were 28 beds with T7 patients present, -
ll: of whom were on a double line of stretchers on the floor of the one corridor.
The previous Sunday t-he3O&#39; at 1:0 admission sard was overwhelmed with 60
civilian wounded who had suddenly arrived after a brief military action some
twelve miles to the north. You can imagine the addition of 60 patients, many
of whom were badly wounded and bleeding, to an already overwhelmed staff and
hospital. As Joe Clark, the Quaker director of the prosthesis program, said, _
"It was sheer carnage. Into this rather grim picture has come the Quaker
physical therapy and prosthesis program now operating in a new building where 20
Vietnamese apprentices manufacture artificial limbs primarily from local materials.
There is a current production level of approximately 200 limbs a month and an
objective of 300 limbs a month under present goals. These limbs are being 
tted
on a small number of the over 11,000 amputees in Quang Ngai Province who, like allthe other Vietnamese in r
re northern provinces of South Vietnam, have no other
available prosthetic se ce. It is a moving experience to see a mother holding
the hand of her 14-year-old son as she leads him through the practice steps of
learning to walk with an artificial limb. There is also a forgotten ward" which
has been turned over to the Quakers which is occupied by what can only be classifie
as the human refuse of the war. These are people who are 1er&#39;too-ill. to leave the
hospital and yet who are being pushed out because of the pressure of incoming _
casugties. in old, abandoned building has been scrubbed and put in useable A
condition and here a Quaker nurse encourages the patients to get up from their
canvas cots to try walking around and encourages their attendance at the _ &#39;
prosthetic and physical therapy center. Host of the patients are wholly ignorant
of the need to exercise the wounded muscles and have no knowledge of the technique:
for recovery, particularly when artificial limbs are involved. - let they are eager
learners with the encouragement and love of these Quaker workers. Ln outstanding
service of binding up the wounds of war is now underway iddch in time will match
those other great Quaker;"stories such as the child-feeding program in Germany or
service in tne Soviet Union during the llussian famine. One must be aware that
many of these patients have active infections and during their physical rehabilita-
tion the Quaker workers are changing bandages. Many poor medical practices cause
severe problems. For example, one young lad had his foot in traction and a tightl-
bandage around his ankle. This was never changed or his position moved for severi
weeks with the result that the constricted circulation of blood plus his wounds
caused severe leg infections and almost total atrophy of the foot itself.i r L r  =29-

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He is now undergoing therapy exercises on a regular basis and comes each day from
the forgotten ward to the-rehabilitation center for his treatment. 92 
Host of the amputationslhave been done not by doctors but by "surgical
technicians" who are totally unfamiliar with proper amputation techniques for V
subsequent fitting of prosthetic devices. The result is the bones are often.cut
leaving sharp points and the flap of the skin is sewn together at the end of the
bone rather than being pulled over the stump and sewn at the back of the limb.
_&#39;I&#39;his makes fitting of prosthetic devices more difficult and painful for the
patient and in some cases additional surgery is sought by our prosthetic director &#39;
and the nurses. -However, in an overloaded hospital it is difficult to find free .
time on the part_0f the surgeons for this type of repair surgery. .,_
 The case histories which the Quakers are now compiling indicate that the
overwhelming majority of these civilian victims were injured by mortar and canon
fire and by small arms fire, often from unknown sources. Many of the victims were
in what were regarded as friendly md secure villages but who received wounds from
Harassment and Interdiction Fire which is mortar fire initiated by the Americans
to "keep the VC on the move and awake- during the night. Some victims were caught
in mortar engagements between Vietnamese and American military groups but any
accurate tabulation of the cause of the casualties is extremely difficult.
One can only say that these are the victims of war and that it is a profoundly
moving Quaker service of human compassion that carries a great message of love
and reconciliation in the midst of the horror. V
The Day Care Center for children who have lost at least one parent in
the war has settled down into a program typical for that of a nursery school.
The children are given rudimentary reading and writing skills as well as number
recognition and participate in collective exercise and games as well as receiving
two snacks during the day and a hot meal at noon. The over-crowded schools of Qua
Ngai will not accept students into the first grade who cannot at, least read andwrite. The result is tgat the children from the Quaker Day Care Center are being
admitted into the publi school system. Advanced classes for older refugee girls
continue in sewing and diet and an active social work training program is
proceeding under the direction of two Quaker social workers not only in conjunctio
with the families associated with the Day Care Center but also with the prosthetic
and physical therapy center. Three Vietnamese are now engaged in social work
training, a much needed skill in Vietnam. &#39;
&#39; . In the VISA program the ten young people currently in South Vietnam a
continue to function in a variety of service assignments in which they mainly
work under Vietnamese direction and within Vietnamese organizations. The VISA
program has at its heart an attempt to relate "to the reallconcerns -and cares
of the Vietnamese and carries with it, I feel, an important contribution in
indicating that there are Americans who do not share the methodsor objectives
of the present American military effort. Rather, it shows there are Americans
who are prepared to exprfess support and concern to the Vietnamese that they be
given the freedom to find their own way. VISA personnel are new engaged in
teaching automobile mechanics to young boys. Che W works in a Catholic hostel
Operated for boys between the ages of 12 and 17 who are shoeshine boys", meaning
that they have come adrift and are without family and who scrounge a living by.
whatever means they can.I s -11> -at

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This hostel offers a home atmosphere and some educational and employment assistance
where a bakery is operated. Other VISA personnel are working in Buddhist educationa
institutions, two in the Saigon Chile-.ren=s Hospital andothers in medical programs
in the Pleiku area involving imzsunization and drug distribution. Work assignments
often change, however, and it is difficult for new VISA arrivals to enter into a &#39;
work assigrment promptly. This is because the objective is not work for work&#39;s __
sake but to find an assignment in which a sensitive interpretive job can be done. &#39;
T One can only feel after discussions with many Vietnamese that the Quaker
-program an Vietnam is a valuable contribution. For example, Dr. Ton That Thien &#39;
and Au Truong Thanh expressed a strong desire and concern that Quakers continue
to work in South "-ietna.:n. As they put it, "The work here gives you a basis to =92
understand what is going on and enables you to remain in touch with those of us &#39;
who are struggling to devise alternative means to this war." There has been
concern among some American Quakers as to whether or not the basic anti-war position
of Quakers is understood in Vietnam. It is here that one of the most remarkable
changes has taken place within the year separating my two visits to Vietnam.
Quakers are very well known to many large sections of the Vietnamese community. r
Not only has the almost two years of the VISA and Quang Ngai programs achieved
a measure of acceptance and understanding but also the numerour Quaker visitors
to Vietnam plus the newspaper ads and book and the gener posture of Quers
respect to the war have made clear our position. The voyage of the Phoenix has
also reinforced our position. The Phoenix has had a particularly strilcing effect
in the Buddhist commtmity where it is felt the voyage highlighted the repressive
situation in which Buddhists found themselves and indicated a Quaker understanding
of it. While the voyage of the Fhoenix has produced some hostility in some
quarters, on balance it has reinforced the position occupied by Quakers with respect
to the war. I came away with the feeling that when all of this is over, if the
American government would like to recoup in some small way a tiny measure of what
has been lost  relations between Americans and Vietnamese, it would be an astute
move to appoint a Quaker ambassador to Vietnam. -
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""? n*=~&#39; 1958 edition of Quaker Service Middle
Ailz
iit ?§rio-el Ldition, issued by the AISC, Be1t;nore,
M¢.. contains an article captioned, "War interrupts APSE programs in
TVietnam by EROHSON P. CLARK revealed that a1lA.SC work in
Vietnam was suspended for the time being in mid-February
because war conditions made it impossible to continue. Personnel "
here being flown to Bong Kong and Singapore as conditions
permitted. No decision had yet been reached on theihture of 1
the programs.
The article noted that BRONSON P. CLARK spent the &#39;
Month of December 1967 in Vietnam revisiting many of the sights
and peoples he had seen a year before. At that time he reported &#39; d lo ina widening of the war to include all Southeast Asia, a eve p g
d s re anc between administration claims of progress in the warlcpyand reality, a growing anti-Americanism, and a new eagerness
&#39; &#39; &#39; 1 t ls toon the part of uncommitted South Vietnamese intel ec ua
negotiate with the National Liberation Front.
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&#39; RATIO!-{AL GUARDIAN
The "Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications", revised and
published as of December 1, 1961 by the Committee on Un-American Activities, U. S.
House of Representatives, documents the publication "National Guardian" as follows
"Established by the American Labor Party in 19%? as a -&#39;progressive&#39; weekly * * *. &#39;Although it qgnies having any
affiliation with the Communist Party, it.h s mani
ested it-
self from the beginning as a virtual official propaganda ann
of Soviet Russia."
_-_ Committee on Un-American Activities Report,
- Trial by Treason: The National Committee
. L to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and
f Hbrton Sobell, August 25, 1956, p. 12!
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- $oc;gL;s@_wo3x;as ginrr
- A source advised on February 27, 1967 that the Philadelphia _Brancher the Socialist Workers Party  PEER?! is an affiliate of the National sw?,6 &#39; it Place New York N Y. and as which maintains headquarters ai-..l1 .Un2L1&#39;B1S I - , , . _,euch, .Io1J.o1-rs the zine and purposes of the Rational SHIP. The source advisedthat the PBS-"JP, which has been an active organisation in Philadelphia since1950, does not have a headquarter: at the present. tine, but utilizes residencesof various mez.-.bers for meetings and functions. The source added that the PBS:-P
utilizes the nane "&#39;Hi1ita.nt Labor Forum" for public affairs and Workers Part-y"as a ballot naee when running candidates for public p
ice.
The Sh? has been designated by the Attorney General of .t.he__United Q ____
States pursuant to Executive Order 10450. _ _
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s The May, 1960, issue of the "Young Socialist"  IS!, page l, column 3,
disclosed that during April 15-l7, 1960, a national organization entitled "Tne
Ioung Socialist Alliance"  ISA! was established at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
This issue stated that this organization was formed by the nationwide supporter
clubs of the publication IS.
The above issue, page 6, set forth the Founding Declaration of the ISA.
This declaration stated that the ISA recognizes the Socialist Workers Party  SW?!
as the only existing political leadership on class struggle principles, and that
the supporters of the IS have come into basic political solidarity with the SWP
on the principles of revolutionary socialism.
On March 10, 1967, a source advised that the ISA was foamed during 1957
by youth of various left socialist tendencies, particularly members and followers
of the SWP. The source further advised that the ISA has recently become more open
about admitting that it is the youth group of the SW? and that an SW? representa-
tive has publicly stated that the ISA is the SWP&#39;s youth group.
The headquarters of the ISA are located in Rooms 532-536, Ll Union
Square Nest, New York City. &#39; &#39;
_92_ _ - _
_ - The SW? has been designated pursuant to Executive Order IOLSO.
This document contains neither recommendations
nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the
FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not
be distributed outside your agency. -1
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T   * = U192.:no s&#39;r.a&#39;r1=:s DEPARTMENT or issues
 _ rsnsnu. BUREAU or INVESTIGATION
Seattle, Iashington 98104
- IIRl_pl!&#39;.PlIIlIR4_fID larch 29, 1968 ,
nun; 1 .
5 .P
r BE: LIERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE CQHHTTTEE
UNITED NATIONS-WASHINGTON SEMINAR
MARCH so &#39;1":-moves APRIL 6, 1963*
naroxzmnor: concsnnmo__ ti" _ ,7 __ "_ *&#39; _ _ _ ___ &#39; * 7 _
On Hnrch 29, 1968, n confidential source who has
furnished reliable information in the past, reported only19 persons are believed to have registered tor the United
Nations-Washington seminar thus tar. Oi these only thetollowing person is known to be going tron the&#39;stnte oi
Iashinsten: g¢&#39;_mggH_-_._"__»~~i9292I
i,---"-"J4_____ ..
. ,,.__._ - *" "J
The American Friends Service Conmittee
is the social outreach nrn oi the
religious group known as the Society oi
Friends  Quakers!.
 I
&#39; This document contains neither
&#39;rec0mmendatiOnS nor conclusions
of the FBI.&#39; It is the gropertg
1 of the FBI nnd is loaned to your
- * agency; it and its contents are
7 not to be distributed outside
your agency. r&#39;it /z-.»&#39;_,//.§9:v- 5923J  *
ENcLd§Ur.F.». &#39; - c
._4- - %_1__~-i__1-_.»- -4&#39; - __. . - .7  , - -- - s  v-r~- &#39;f » &#39;*&#39;* {:17 *7 _ -&#39;_ &#39;7  2 H - 7  I_- --_...--...-~._.,-....-._,..__~--- -- ,-&#39; &#39;r"&#39;"&#39; " "  &#39; &#39;_ - &#39;I

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non: sac, uormuc in
1Lh"I&#39;T-DRA!&#39;.&#39; C{>U2*fSELI!-ZG OWSAEIIZATIOH A.!§D- 
AFPEARLRCE EY DAVID HAYXARD%*;-.:.=;1c.e.:;_  $3-&#39;~?_I :1: cor-r~§I&#39;rrrsAT r.»~;r. co1.1..:c: or i£Ii..LI.A£-IZAED WIT"-
i|IL1..IA.&#39;-1Sl-;-URG, VIRGINIA ,
I/15-20/68 
SEBITIOK; SSA, 19!!
Enclosed for the Bureau is on: copy each of thefollowing: nix posters, one petition, two bitliocraphies,one pamphlet and one business rcply card. All of theseitems wire distributed at the captioned activity.
Six copics designated for the Bureau llnci airtclc la in lieu of LEE to be submitted 3/21/SI. &#39;
11-.- &#39; pOn znsxsa tho uu/sa Odltin ¢r &#39;¢o11oague," V 6*:1» mu s 1 11 - * e ago o U 1 an and Mary faculty newsletter. was re &#39;ind t e Roz-folk Office Via I411c  but no furthnr 1h¢iOltJ.Ol&#39;l of the&#39; identity of the sander. On page throe marked in hnlvy black"ink was an cnnouncenont of l nesting scheduled on The Draftand You, lnnouncing that ssveral volunteers Iron faculty andStudent body hné formed a Draft Counseling Comnlttee to pro-. wide information concerning legal alternatives to percons_ facing induction into the armed forces. The ites also announcedI public meeting Tuesday evening, 3/19/S0, at l:1£ p.I., inthe Canpus.Centar Theatre, with Hr. DAVID MAYNARD of theAmerican friends Service Comnittoe present at the acting7 W 7 7* &#39;7n":-.3, E 7 - -_&#39;-i|__ . ... _ ..
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tc discuss the topic and present a film depittinq the oper-
ation of the draft system. All interested ties were in- .vited. and DAVIS H. JONES  College Ext. l

gazas identified
as the person interested parties should contact.
CI! 3/19/Q
 »- -- - l -- - - M
»<~=~.--».1+_.g advises she had been present at the ueetin
and_iarnished copies of literature on display there. She
stated the iccting was itti

cd by =5 to S5 ocrsons, an
 of
these, approxiaatcly ten left before the meeting was over.,
DAVID MAY£A£D, the principal speaker, was intro» &#39;
duccd by-DAVID H. JOEES, apparently a umber of the faculty.
A film was shown depicting the operation of the Selective
Service System, which was entitled, Age Ten to Adult. It
contained excerpts from remarks by Selective Service Director
HERSHEY.
advised that two sessions of plnmim;
and individual advice were scheduled for Wednesday, 3120/B8,
during which more individual advice concerning legal means
of evading the draft could he obtained on an individual basis.
" A question and answer period presided over by HAYHARD
lasted approximately fifteen minutes, and included discussion
of Landed Immigrant Statue in Canada, uhich was raised by a
question from the audience. Literature available for uhich
charge was nade was substantially identical to that on the
enclosed literature list and abridged bibliography.__ __ _____ ._,. f __ _ _ _7_ _ _ _ _ "--7-~&#39;*""""&#39; &#39; &#39; &#39; &#39; TJTWZ 7 I -
L.
-Pa__._...__.._.v__,,|-a-.---.92lit . i  ,, t   e,.._,_e--.J$*<921<1=1=t=
for Liberal Action, a campus organization recognized by tce
college, which is the center of most controversial activities
on the campus, and which enjoys a membership of about twenty.
The organization has, in the past, sponsored anti-Vietnam
demonstrations and is generally acthilt. i
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&#39;ILLI1IC3§G VIRGINIA
i
1Ecurairtel dated 3/20/68. _
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COMM-FBI __ .
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|NOTE: _ Norfolk Office reports that members of faculty and
student body at William and Mary College have formed a Drafts _  Counseling Committee. A public meeting was held on 3/19/68
£9?
nf
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,&#39;|&#39;ollnn .._.i_._
DILQQG i.._in the Campus Center Theatre, where literature was handed out _.
concerning draft actitities. There was a uestion and answerero in connection with this meeting._ 
t

&#39; cvnc-uh row no no In-In &#39; ! i
UNI II-2 IDITQIIII GD: 3-G $.11 &#39;
UNITED STATES Gt EZRNM BN1
/llemorarzdunf i
to = DIPBCTOR, FBI DATE! 3/12/ea &#39;
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00-711B8 au_c! s - _
4? e$Un
£T: ;HERICAK FRIENDS SERVICE coaxzrrss ,_UNITED NATIONS - WASHINGTON SEMINAR 7 _ I o - n

J4 MARCH 30 THROUGH APRIL 6, 1968 ,//Z, _ 1 _0: INFORJLATION CONCERNING{IN&#39;lERNAL SECURITY!  _Reseattle Airtel 2/15/66, captioned as abo&#39;ve.. j i l i"
he a copy cation oi
the American Friends Service Committee Pacific thwest Hegio:
980 North Fair Oaks, Pasadena, California, which included in
; as-92n&#39;1§r92nr{nv92  nus Q0-Q-qnrinv-H-,1. n§- I-L-A ->4.-.1-l..~..-..I -..-1-.-.-g _-A -a-.-- I-;-q-ra.-:-vav.|.vu Av; uvvwauuauul: nu Inuw vnyviull
u 561111.31-:11, UH 11156 4|
columns |.p-5- This notes that it is merely for information only
and not an official registration form. The infcrnation in the
notice indicates that the seminar is limited to&#39;3S men and wane
from the west...-who can share new-round insights when they retu
home. The application contains room for the applicant to ans:
the following question,&#39;I can share this experience with others
_ in my church and comnmnity in these uays:"&#39; /66 issue of publigp An article on page 2, column 3], of this issue of the IFS
xREPORTER," captioned, ED BOHGERS to Talk with U.S. Oongressrner
states as follows:
_"To talk things over" with members of Congress,
the AFSC sends representatives from throughout the
country to an annual Haehington, 13.0. Visitation. -&#39;}1Il§¬OBGE.RS, Long Beach Friend and chairman,Departmen of Te1ecommR
ns&#39; his -year&#39;s -region&#39;
1."rEpresenta&#39;tiv{1&#39;rom the March 21-29
-4..-nz r.- .". 1 »,_,_. _-" "&#39;.&#39;Please wri?: @ BORC-ER H "s
visit. It helps to open doors to ask for an interview,to indicate who Dr. BORGEHS is and-Zjielr erlect your om
01
@-- Bureau  RM! h -1 - Seatt1e RM! Rfis1 - Los Angeles
00-71185! - /1 3?; t1 - nos 111563-B8
3l&-2505A!
  __ &#39;-
. 1 - Los ings1e=
oo-e95B9!I&#39;
I>&#39;B&#39;oac£:as!- d
1 - GH¬0 Irdo! RM! HEP, c_,.4 MAR 14. ._y: ut *- ! B ~-  _§1MAR1
§§a a

_ __, _.. ., § _
~  .,   --r..=.~   - .&#39;:-I:e.&#39;~&#39;--,1 *- &#39; 6 ..-,.,_._ . i. _ - ~ L -K  A &#39;
"ti&#39;-&#39;-&#39;-&#39;i"&#39;.""E&#39;*,-v&#39;  &#39; _ &#39; The some informant advised on 11/18 66,"
I &#39; v.
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, _ - .
_ I
LA 100-71188 _
j
concern about issues affecting peace. He will not
be lobbying, of course, for any legislation but will
visit his congressman and yours as a citizen and an
_ LFSG representative .
ED BORGERS is well infonmed, an articulate
speaker and devoted to the cause of peace. Upon his
return, he will be available to report on his visit.
Send a copy of your letter to your congressman
to ED BORGERS so that he will know who has been advised
of his visit. This will also enable him to speak of
any concern you express to your congressman. His ad-
dress is l960 Knoxville Ave.. Long Beach 90815.
rife-i-the-r both of whom are acquaint:
with various peace-oriert- __ 3 ps the Los Angeles metropolitan
ct "
?**°&#39;  d w r unaware of the identities area, were contq ed _ an e e
of any persons from the Los Angeles area who might be going to
participate in the Hashington,D.C. seminar, fro March I throughApril , 1968. ~ ! -- ;.--.-..-.,..  , _. , _  _, ..  _ i. _  Iii
_-_ I...  _" &#39;  ____  .;&#39;,_&#39;._ .. .   :.&#39;-:_=:;-;-"- _-I-
r - _  "  ..--~. s_,_@¢T ~:*=- 7
t -t the Long Beach Citizens for Qeace was a new organization
which had originated in Long Beach during late 1966, for the pur
pose of sponsoring weekly silent vigils on each Saturday starting
in mid-November 1966 The vigils were to protest the nature of thq
war America is waging in Vietnam, according to
ED BORGERS has never been the subject of investigation --
th An l ff h th l 66 C Direct by e Les ge es o ice, owever, e 9 ampus cry,
for the University of Southern California  U30! lists on page 55
EDWARD U BORGERS, Associate Professor of Telecommunications,
Room Ehh pnlan Hancock Foundation Building, Childs Hay and.Univers!
Avenue  business telephone RI 6-2168!, residence 1960 Knoxville,
.Inng Beach  hone telephone h3l-h0lS!.
,_ _   &#39; .92&#39;;»_§gs;§_g..-.._-&#39;jq::_ _, __,_V  .__ ,.  _ r_, 7 . .   the 0 er
information addsnothing new do hat already given in Seattle:
letterhead memorandum of 2/15/68, it has not been repeated in an
LHH here. Informants have been alerted to furnish any information
coming to their attention which would lead to the identification
of persons from Southern California who may participate in the
Washington, D.C. seminar. Any such information received will be
promptly furnished the Bureau and interested offices in a fornr
suitable for dissemination. This matter is considered RUG.
e. 02]-n 

_ ..__-,-,,-____ -, __..____, .___..i;_ -__ -- -,-  ~  7 " 7" "&#39;;&#39; ",___ ___--.. .. *
. 3_5_¢_<g._ _~- - __ .._..----  ....-..92_.-&#39;_..---- - --
f! &#39;
hi?  Thursdays!_ _ _ ,,,.k=__-is _
__  ;,_ ..92 mun ron near: cotmsi-:Loa.
"-
Three-sessions: Febrr"ry 22, February 29, and Ma-
T111162  Puma Q0 lk  POMO &#39;
Place: St. Augustine&#39;s Church, ll? Liberty Street, Elisabeth, 5.3.
Cost: _$ 3.00 for materials, plus a nominal amount_to cover the trans-
 portation expenses of the leader. ,
Leader : Hark D. Lyons, American Friends Service Opmmittee .
It is assumed that all trainees are prepared to make themselves known a:
counselors in their communities, that they are prepared to spend 25
hours training during a three~week period % hours in training session:
the rest of the time to be spent in preparation for the session! and a
minimum of three to six hours per week counseling-once they have been
trained.
Registration is limited to nine persons per seminar. Send registrations
to the Rev. Elmer L. Sullivan, ll? Liberty Street, Elizabeth, N.J. orcall 2&1-3832. _. -. &#39;_
D L AGENDA &#39; &#39; . &#39; &#39; . -
5DVANCE MATERIAL: Background material on ncnviolence and counseling
conscientious objectors. _ _ . .
2 hours - Group Counseling Session with trainees as
counselees: Why are you here? -
i hour - Introduction to UMTSA, the law and SSS structure
V. _ _ Distribution of advance material for 2nd session  hours
of preparation will be essential!FIRST SESSION:
ADVANCE MATERIAL: Manual on draft law procedure and two
problems to be solved on the basis of procedural
the manual.
SECOND SESSION: 2 hours - Selective Service procedure, taught principall
_ through the use of hypothetical cases, beginning with
&#39; - __- the problems assigned at the first session.
Q hour - Brief introduction to the C. 0. provision of
_H pthe draft law and SSS Form 150 &#39;
Distribution of advance material for third session
._ _ re hours or preparation will be essential}
to be completed by trainees. TDVANCE MATERIAL: Handbook and Form 150
THIRD SESSION: 2 hours - Discussion of Form 150&#39;s and practice
&#39;- -counseling by trainees. . ..
- _ Q hour - Beginning counseling: that will the program
&#39; &#39; in your community be. , " , &#39;
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i; 1, The World Law Fud is a non-profit organization for
l the promotion of non-violence between nations.
.a .. World Law Fund is a non-profit organization designed
to educate and promote the elimination of warfare between
nations, The World Law Fund works with and through existing
educational institutions and organizations creating its own
&#39; educational structure.only where it is absolutely necessaryfor specialized assignnh. a A &#39;
The World Law Fund has four Iain directions:
&#39; 1. The publication of study material and suio
Visual aids.
- &#39; _ 2. Tb promote instruction of teachers. &#39;
_p ,_ _ 3. The Ubrld Law Fund tries to convince the leaders
_ - of academic institutions that the subject of world order is a
-H ,1, legitimate subject for incluéion in the c
rritutun. p
a . 4. &#39;The Fund works to promote progress of study
. in othr countries vhich is similar to the prpgrams initiated
&#39;**T&#39; in the United States. &#39;  ~ - -a
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1 &#39; According to this source, the Ucrld Law Yud is a &#39;
~e; Iholly owned subsidiary of the Institute for International
Order, Incorporated, The Institute for International Order,
Incorporated, is a non-profit organization designed to proote
"*" through education, the support of the United Nations and hopes
. .t H to strengthen it and enable it to maintain,peage, -. _ - f 
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92K ,-E;-P92?¥":_ t§h&#39;1&#39;r1»:o sums DEPARTMENT or Jvsfrxcziézggxd FEDERAL BUREAU orzmvssrlcerxdh
l_a?b&#39; air Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
"f"&#39;~ February 1s, use _
QUAKBR AC§I0
,GRQg§
Reference is made to Philadelphia conmunication of
January 26, 1968.
&__ . ,
 furnished the followingitems of literature received from a Quaker Action Group,  QAG!
20 South 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pa., which describe the
activities of the QAG and the voyage of the ketch "Phoenix."
1. QAG Newsletter #9, dated January 1968;
- 2. Pamphlet captioned "Voyage of the Phoenix;"
A petition captioned Witness Against
Conscription," issued by QAG;-3.
H. Pamphlet captioned "Human Rights Are for
Everyone," issued by QAG.
Copies of the above items are attached.
orI
I .
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Ne&#39;wsletter~ No. &#39; 9 &#39;- " 2t _ :uth 12th Strttf, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania é .
Telephone 15! LOc:.&#39;s£ 3-7537  Jam-331?»
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was MASSAR from Black Sta:
 PHOENIX TO TRY AGAIN
We have hope that the Phoenix will be able tothat the building 0 world comrnunity is an e:tial for stopping 92:5ars.
As a new year communication we give
some of the principles of our program.
-Our motivation is religious, but we believ
ligion and life should be completely merg
--Our method is nonviolent direct action cons"
in such a mariner as to be cooperative
others who are engaged in more tradil
peace education, legislative action, and
nomic and social change. &#39;
--The primary cause of war today is arme
tionalism; the primary requisite for pea
world community. Therefore we oppose
tary conscription and armament by nal
states, even to the point of civil disobedi
We affirm world community by the direct 2
of bridging the barriers of travel and hur
tarian aid imposed by wars between a
states.
--Since we believe that just laws and governi
are a condition for world community vw
deavor to engage in nonviolent direct actio
civil disobedience in such manner as to
mote limited world government and heal
unarmed national governments. This is r
easy task in the midst of domestic and l
revolution, yet we do not believe that 2
disruption and destruction by individual
groups is any cure for the present worl
-archy of armed nationalism. Citizens
force nations to disarm only when there
sense of world community with its institi
of justice and equity.
In addition to projects against the war in S
east Asia, in the coming year we shall affiri
right to travel to Cuba. We are concerned to

t
-&#39;  o, .  K/,!..  .,
, .
, SOUTH 92&#39;lETl92&#39;Ai.&#39;. REBUFFS MD_ I
QT ,1 _
The government was not hostile; it gave us
W so &#39; "HA_LF;H,0;iG.lN &#39;[i:lE..l&#39;?|CIURE_AGAlN_____Plsn_o&#39;_.9.Llin1.¢._1I_Qr_.?ePai1;e.feieulis. lidrrv-
__.:,__. W,  _.  or  e _,}:,i§ig{u&#39;ing-,_lt,a1l992ved Miss Kygko Koda, the rep-
The second voyage of the Phoenix started well. The South
Vietnamese government grcntc-d visas to the crew and no
problems were expected. The Phoenix sailed ior Do Nong,
South Vietnam on Noveml.-er l4, i957, with $5,030 in medi-
cal supplies tor civilian victims oi the war. At Da Nang the
Phoenix was met hy a South Vietnamese government gun
hoot and held incornmunicado. The crew was prevented from
unloading the supplies or talking to reporters. Atter several
days in the Da Nong area the crew, in a desperate attempt
to get the medicines to sutiering civilians, soiled to the
mouth oi the Melzong river hoping to talk to South Vietna-
mese government officials. Again they were rebuffed. The
South Vietnamese government has given us no reason why
they will not allow the Fhoenix to deliver medical supplies
to the sutiering victims of the war. George Lalcey, Proiect
&#39; Director, wrote the iollovring account:
Twenty-one days had passed since we left Hong
Kong and, as we vigiled at the mouth of the Me-
kong River off South Vietnam&#39;s coastal limits on
December 5, we had to decide: should we sail for
Cambodia? We were low on food and water. The
- Phoenix had twice been damaged by South Viet-
namese Navy ships colliding with us, and maneu-.
vers apparently designed to promote more colli-
sions. The Mekong River route to Cambodia was
denied us by the S. Vietnamese government, but
we could sail south to the Gull of Siam and then
north to the Cambodian port of Sihanoukville. If
-Inn I!I&#39;I.92I92&#39; I-A I".-..-.-.1-..-.A:.-92 enn f!f92-111! n-r-11-n O-Tun -92192----¬_TIC "c1llu Iv92! 92lQl.I.1IJ92J92-|-92l-a- WU 92-e92J92|lI92J CAPLULG I-MC w§=l_
bility of giving our cargo to the National Libera-
tion Front, a project AQAG had planned earlier
but_ not expected to accomplish until later.
&#39; &#39; W0 nninho m1&#39;r~ uanht tnwarril nmhnia nnf ro-..... r........_... ...... J.......... ..........-... ........._,.,._..,...., H-.. ...,
alizing that while we were at sea news reporters
alleged that an NLF camp was found in Cambodian
territory and the U. S. was beginning to give way
again to its temptation to widen the war. When
AQAG Field Representative Carl Zietlow talked
to us on our arrival December 11 near Sihanouk-
ville, therefore, he had bad news. The Cambo-
dian government had reversed its earlier welcome
to us in the light of the battle for nationm survival
&#39; it was facing, and regretfully was unable to give
permission to the Phoenix to land. It did not want
to offer the U.S. a.nother pretext for charging that
I Cambodia in general and Sihanoukville in partic-
niar are supply routes for the NLF.
_, __ __ __
____._.____.,,_nA-__n_i_._.._...,__.,____ . _.___- .._,,_.__.i___._,___..___-____ . _ _
r¬sentati92&#39;e on theteam from the Japan 1-G308 in
Vietnam Committee, and George Lakejv, Prdjecl
Director, to help Carl with provisioning and then
to fly out  Kyoko for medical reasons and George
for interpretation work in the U. S.!
WHITHER PHOENIX?Q
When Hanoi told AQAG last fall that U.S. bomb-
ing was too great to risk another Phoenix voyage
to Haiphong, it suggested Cambodia as an alter-
native route. Now that Cambodia is in a delicate
Qihrq
nn l-ionni has aoroari that the Phnsnisr miohi------.--I ----~- -.-U -5- --1- ----a ----., - -.-_-.--- --» ---
come to Haiphong during a bombing pause.  No
press on this, please!. While uncertainties re-
pmain, the Phoenix has set its sights for the bomb-
ing pause at Tet, the,Buddhist New Year, whiél".
comes at the end oi January. It will carry medi-
cal cargo for the Red Cross Societies of NLF and
Democratic Republic of Vietnam, some of which
has been contributed by the Friends Service Coun-
cil  Britain! and the Oxford Committee for Chil-
&#39; dren of Vietnam  Britain!.
On Christmas day Skipper Bob Eaton ordered
the anchor up and the Phoenix with crew Beryl
Nelson, John Bra:-zton, Chris Cowley and Mary-
ann McNaughton, started the long journey back tc
Hong Kong. , &#39; .
suooa _
On December 22 I visited with the leader of the
pacifist Buddhists, Thich Tri Quang, in the Ar
Quang Pagoda in Saigon. Why, I asked, did the
%uth Vietnamese government, after giving us
visas in Hong Kong, reverse itself and deny us
entry?
American pressure caused the reversal, and
you can quote me on that, he replied. &#39;
Were you discouraged, he inquired gently.
-I admitted it. 7
-Don&#39;t be,he urged, going on to describe another
way for us to send the medicines intended for
the Bud@ists. Remember, he said, that yot
have done something which badly needs doing
-the Phoenix has dramatized the wickedness oi
this war. We are grateful for that and for the
friendship of American Quakers who struggle
as we do, for peace. .

. _.""v
 Hensletter Ho.
. _. .I 92__,~n_ _-._ . _. . ___
- v9&#39; - J Page&#39;3 &#39;
o 3 n t-. __ I
&#39; "" 3"-"&#39;" 1" "*"iI"= *  s&#39;1.*=.&#39;fsCO£Fb1t1 -;i»_;H &#39;;~ aiu=tA la _. -
- -r-_-;~_n 51> an-gr:w-u _..L»_..:.--..L| r.t-1;: _ ,
- 4. I I _7 .;
The U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Washington, D.C. recently ruled in the
Staughtcn Lynd passport case that the State Department cannot refuse to issue
his passport to a U.S, citizen who refuses to promise to abide by travel re-
strictions. The Court said the State Department does not have authority to
- restrict the travel of Americans under existing lau. The Department of Justice
has announced that it will take an apoeal
I _.......a. .....1.... 4.h_ _ _ _ _ __....92._ _¢- .L|._ _.__-._ .5-&#39;1.to the Su reme Court so until that_ P _ s s _
uu&#39;.u.&#39;u dkiuii u_.r: pso::yc:.*u: u.92. uus crew." D1. L116 rfl
s
iii one .-&#39;E.1&#39;1L to 1&#39;i.JI&#39;D!1 vie onam
&#39; remain revoked. And just recently the_Adninistraticn has had introduced into
-Congress a bill making it a-CELEB for b.5.
regions ruled off-limits bv the Secretarvcitizens to travel to countries or
of State; the legislation would ima
pose criminal penalties. Congress:an&#39;¥.J§B. Born of South Carolina has intro- J
duced in Congress a bill providing for one year in prison and a maximum fine
of 1000 dollars as punishment for violating federal travel restrictions. we
urge each of you to write your congressmen and urge him to vote and speak.
against"infringeIent on the basic right to trave1._ In your letters you may
- wish to call attention to article 13 of the Universal Declaration.of Human
- Rights, signed by the United States: _ _ &#39; _&#39;¥
.1  &#39; __
_» &#39; 92
IEarly in December
of funds totaling
- Treasury; us are
7 us get information that the
i-mation in its effort to bull _ i: - . °__ .,_., __,; 7 p . .
&#39;nent to North Vietnam and possibly ACAG committee members on the grounds_of. ;freedom -
within &#39;Article 13. 
! Eueryone has the right to
a  of movement and residence
the borders of each state &#39;-1
§ Everyone has the right to leave any
~ country, including his own, and to ;
  return to his country ,- »- .
AQAG made application to the Treasury.Department for release
1500 dollars frozen in two Philadelphia banks by-order.o£ the
asking release of the funds to meet present obligations of l
the committee. If the.funds are not released to AQAG we will initiate a civil -
. action in the U.S. District Court to compel their release. - _-
- . 0 _ 4
Treasury Department continues to assemble infor-
d a level case avainst the crew of Phoenix that
&#39; trading and conspiring to trade with the enemy; us understand that Treasury
&#39; representatives have approached sous of those who were on the voyage to -
North Vietnam to testify for the government, Qt course, the government V 
r . .already knows about AQAGs efforts to provide a-token of medical supplies to
_the people&#39;of North Vietnam since it,is the policya &#39;
_ -government of its actions before undertaking themi
the possibility of the government seeking indictments against the crew and .
members of_the committee. In the neantire, ue_continue uith our ejjorte tof
build a nor1d_nithoutAwar;__l__l;_ e.,l-__l;_;_______,,_n;_l___l____a_1~;_-2--of AQAG to_1nform the &#39; "
.ue have always recognized ,
_&#39; al if&#39;;_ &#39;__ Ll: l" - t - tleorge _
M ,-,. -&#39;_;_ &#39; &#39; -&#39;,i.  : - 1 - &#39; . _" 5 &#39;
V - _ -  -1 -  _A» - &#39;_- .,-y_

VI-~ -
Eensletter
v
cil_t:r".. &#39; J5-lch cl our
.  ism,
§v~ 4,--9 -5;:-l .". "$5-
Iaticns to
concepts of
tariat bull
peopl- i }EU 0 9 f M
...
:.ru4 V. T.:n|;r-I-92n»&#39;I&#39;I Ra.-itq  ..92 :1&#39;c.r l92.92§&#39;§r92r92 rlvw-92-.1-92 c-9292-..~A 91. J./;&#39;-:2---~92-~ v A-v ll 92;92-A1.->;-3.; ;.92-v UA&#39;92.1._ ua J-.|-&#39; Q
dezotstrate that we are for. It res a 56 ho-  &#39; &#39;
92. .   I &#39;Page 1- &#39; - is "c "&#39;P.3T-OT-IT oz-1 11.3»-1. vrc-*1. - &#39;
time is spent working against
conscription, denial of humanthose institutions and practices which dei
richts, govern:ent.barriers between nen,-
red a vigil at the Uni
. iauous viril affirxin
Corld Conz;_&#39;ty and Universal hunan Rights. I &#39; - - -T5
The vigil was held in the Isaiah Hall Park directly across the street from the U.N.
din". Lurin: the weekend over 159 "eoole of all a&#39;es aarticisated. E1"? E: ..: _ 1&#39; . B _ 5
e fasted over the weekend to identif" with the sufferin oeonle in the world. J 1 J
°ator:ay afternoon there was a public ritness and affirmation of Freedcs.- Betty Bo
and H
pay c
oco~
Seer
or t" need
Buring the S6 hours ne distributed about 7000 copies of the enclosed leaflet "Human
o. - . P * * s are F
printi
.1".36I&#39;ni-I
 orace&#39;Chanpney, crew members of the Phoenix voyage to.haiphong, spoke. Later,
participants made their titness for norld connonity by publicly stating their refus
_ .ar taxes and refusal to be conscripted. The vigil ended Sunday afternoon with
&#39; J meeting at our vigil headquarters. Participants heard Lawrence Scott, AQAG Ex
e
- L6tary, and Scott Herrick, organizer of the San Francisco to 
oscon Peace Salk,
for world coczunity. &#39;  ~
r Everyone". Fe have had man; requests for extra copies so there has been an
ng. The leaflets are available from the AQAG office at cost: 1 dollar for 5
percent discount for orders over_200; _ _
» AQAG STATEIENT OH CDHSCRIPTION T&#39;.
A Quaker Action Group is opposed to military conscription as a denial of manis inal
right of freedom, violation of human brotherhood, and&#39;because it undergirds the who
ten of armed nationalism and war which threatens to
to-military
support the
Coffin Jr.,
-;-re!-&#39;..+.-..: 1....in.-A-I-K-IUCHL Ll
. y -
Enclosed is
their nonc
Ebile AQAG counsels non-cooperation nith conscription we
-e  a_ &#39; &#39; nVn in tot
jectcrs and
write their
 .1 _ _
&#39;A Quaker Ac
focus
the weak l
festive boy
shipped, et
fenhoursltdestroy mankind. We urge resi
conscription by non-cooperation with the_draft through non-violent mean
conscription resistance activities of Dr. Benjamin Spock, Rev. William
Eichael Ferber,_Eitchell Goodman and Larcus Raskin , who have recently
D.-H-I.-.v--.&#39;I f"--.-...-.A l&#39;..-.q-.- _ - &#39; _JJCLLQSLG-L 92-I.l.GLll92-L IJU-.1; . .
to Sign as a public nitnes a statement which individuals are encouraged
ooperation with the draft system. . -
recognise that many sincer
l_oppos1tion to all ear are led by conscience to register as ccnscientic
accept alternative service. Those who canft sign this statement are ur
own letters of support and mail then to the AQAG office. - ~- ._
  .-~---~ 4 ~ r  YU92.: sore? = &#39; 
ticn Group is in the processiof developing a long range program aimed at
are non involved in researching the Dow Chemical Company with the idea c
s in their corporate structure_and a consumer product which would be a
cott item. ea also are probing napalm production: where it is made, hon
c. If you have access to a college or a large city library and can devc
o a specific research-assignment, please write to~Jerry~Coffin, at the&#39;APr°du¢ti°
- The 3?bcocmittee developing this project has settled on Dow Chemical
; -ne
 ink
:s:<E§i1§Q17%PQ;2%i1iRB3QQEraP6QeQ§ri55encstr
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. |*
On March 30, l967, despite warnings by
the U. $..Government, the fifty foot lcetch
Phoenix soiled into the war ravaged port
of Haiphong, Democratic Republic of Viet-
Nom. She carried ten thousand dollars worth
of medical supplies consigned to the Red
Cross Society to be used for reliei oi civil-
ian casualties resulting from the United
States bombing. This act of mercy, spon-
sored by A Quaker Action Group of Phila-lPANARAMA-lTALI&#39;
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-EWS WEEKLY!.E
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&#39; TELEVISION REVIEW
June 14, i967
Voyage of the Phoenix" was one of the
few world iournalistic coups that can be
claimed by the Canadian Broadcasting Corp.
lt was a gripping hour that traveled along
with U. S. Quakers who soiled their 50-
foot ketch loaded with $l0,000 worth of
medical supplies for the Red Cross into
North Vietnam.
"Voyage of the Phoenix" had all the sus-
pense of a film chiller. Showing events of
the trip in chronological order, viewers at
various stages were led through a series of
unplanned, unrehearsed high points:Name|y,
the Quakers attempts to get passport val-
idation in Hang Kong, their own "fears that
they would be stopped by the U. S. Seventh
Fleet in the Tonkin Gulf and what events
would occur as they neared the_North Viet-
namese shore.
Mast of the Quakers aboard, from the cap-
rain Earle Reynolds whom Faun contacted
before any of the other media representa-
tives, to the sole woman, Betty Boardman,
were interviewed at various stages of the
trip and fleshed out Foun&#39;s narration viv-
idly. Without camera tricks or glib narra-
tion or even aver-slick editing. _&#39; Voyage of
the Phoenix" was a documentary devoted to
a matter of principle that any network could
show to strong effect.
it took no stance on the war, and in his
narration Faun admitted that he wasn&#39;t a
Quaker and felt no religious kinship with
them. "Voyage of the Phoenix" was an
experience, event TV at its best.
&#39; Reprinted by permissionK believe is an active force fTsl&#39;
ll
A Quaker Action Group we lfofrmed in July,lA UUAKCH ALIIU kil UUl"
i966 by individual member not the Societylof Friends from many area l clf the Unitedl
States. it is an informaliiassociation oft"
Friends dedicated to conflonmoral and destructive |J0ll¥iB§ of war and=&#39;=
violence while affirming constructive alter--|=natives for the estoblishmelinthuman brotherhood. We seekting il&#39;t8 ll&#39;i&#39;t--;_ it
l .
lof peace and?
to act in ail
spirit of nonviolence and love, which welt
of conflict and the relief of &#39;uffering.
l ll
*| - COMMERCIAL RIGHTS - r
i I
"Voyage of the Ehoenix"; was
the Canadian Broadcasti &#39;
which retains exclusive wor
not be televised nor l"llGY,llOdt11lSS|Ol&#39;t be {-
charged for viewing the lilpermission from the CBC. lfleltions interested In .screeni ll&#39;9the Phoenix" may Securellllprints from A .
er, Quaker Action Group; howevments for televising must lag made with
CBC, 135 Maitland St., &#39;or&#39;onto, Qntaria,l
Canada.
ORDER NOW.
. 4 !
Because of expenses involved in distri- _buting the film, A Quaker Actipn Group re-
quests a ten dollar film fee for, each show-- _ing. To reserve Voyage df the Phoenix" l;
fill out the attached form and
with a$l5 dollar check to Viil
to:
i &#39; Ehoenix Film &#39;
" " A Quaker Action Gr
20 South &#39;lZth Str
- _ Philadelphia, Poeatthe resolution
pa
d rproduced by
Corporation 1.
iights. lt may i
without prior t
evision sta- i
"Voyage ofl
2all arrange- 5,
rnail it along iter J. Young
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_. c  j   t,   j g -O At!
  ¥ 
- &#39;  AGAINST COIISCRIPTIUN-K-K-* -I
---T___,__0¥-&#39;l10m--11%-B_a;&#39;#92&13;&#39;L:]:n._ ;  _ so or-*f is
&#39; I-Ie the undersigned will not cooperate in any wag.- with miiitary conscription. 
If of draft age we have either refused to register or have disaffiliated after
registering. If beyond draft age we will urge those of draft age not to coope-
0
&#39; rate with the military selective service act of 1957, if that is the leading
of their conscience. &#39;
-
- .,__-
2-ie are aware that refusing to cooperate with the 13.5. conscription system is
a violation of law and subject to penalty. He authorize A Quaker Action Group
to publish our names as signers of the above statement, as an act&#39;of public 1
witness against the evil of military conscription.
HA1-IE ADDRESS .
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A Quaker Action Group affirmed Imrnnn rights and brotherhood by
Iniling the Phoenix with medical supplies to Haiphong in March 1967.
The United States govemmt.-nt tried to restrict travel between members
of the human family. It tried to prohibit medical nit] to those who sui-
{er the ravages of butnhing.
A Quaker Action Group anti the crew of the Phoenix defied those
iniringt-nu.-nt.~a on our hulmul rights. We will not ilt:Ct:pt the enslnvement
tinily imposed by the nnnt-ti notional slate. l&#39;l1t:re will be no irectloin -&#39;- - ii" I   --,,.__..0 I I H 5 92..-&#39;  ,&#39; &#39; and security for nmnkiml until we affirm our right to live as brothers in
G tiisnrmet! world eunummityt 
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- The power of conscicncc against dcstroycrs
- &#39;/i Quaker Action Group
20 South 12th Street, Phiiarieipiiia, Pennsylvania 19107
Telephone 15! LOcusl&#39; 3-75.37iii} wine:
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DECLARATION OF HUMAN R~lGHTS _- UNIVERSAL DENIAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS _
. - _ - r. 
On l!l.&#39;Ct:lnl.;t&#39;l&#39; l0, 1948 the United Nations General Assembly voted Armed national states infringe upon the human tights of every personagreenrent vvilh the principles set lorth in the Universal Declaration of in the world by the anarchy of the arms race and the threat of global war.
llttlttan Righ ts
ARTICLE
ll
and rig!
A ll.l5 .&#39;
person.
ARTICLF. tl
||No
and ille-
5nTiCLE 13 i &#39;  
3! Tbe United States government tienied freedom of travel to &#39;
"I I! Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and pI i &#39; " &#39; l . .t=Iidt=nl:ei&#39;.vl1lIII1 1lH= borders oiwrh $mI<-- when tbe crew asserted tbis itttllttttt rigitt nml traveler! to _&#39; &#39;fllliuid sholitlti -ac}_,to92vo_rds one another in it spirit of brotherhood." _ &#39; - &#39; &#39;. itiotne of those principles ore: By its arrogance of military power the United States government is one Oi;92 7- the worst culprits. As citizens oi the United States we haves special
g obligation to protest. _ _
htttlltlll bl-ills! I"-&#39; 110"! ll&#39;¢¢ il equal in K5693? &#39; --.---l- ll! Our government prevents its citizens from acting in n spirit
ts". They are endowed with rvilw mid ¢0II5¢i&#39;~&#39;I1&#39;=¢ of brotlrertrood toward tire citizens 0] some countries. .
. . Tbe tile. liberty and security of every person in tbs reorlti &#39; p - .- [ii: l . / is threatened by tbe Cold War power struggle. in Vietnam L
.;v_cryotte hits the right to life, liberty and security oi - deninl of life, liberty and se ctirity is an accomplished crime. D
I .
put. shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery gt; gm! [;t,,,,;;¢; ¢,,d]¢,r;¢_; um, guy, ,5, ;-50,1, I ;,;[;_.&#39;l,l -_3||;||vc trade shall be prohibited in till their f0tllil8. _ 9; jgjng ;&#39;jf¢q&#39;_  b l
. 1 iConscription is rt Iorm of enforced seriritrrrle. The ntiiitnry l
state corrscripts tttett into tt dictatorial system ttllricb denies
l members of the tboeni.t- crew and revoked their passports . _ I
2!. 
vnyolw has the right w leave any count. including Nortb Vietnant. Tben they tbreaterr criinirral prosecution I
&#39; against tbose who travel wltbont passports.
l .his own, Tad to return to his country. A 1AR-1~1c|_E 25.  p / 3! in tbe United States enforced tvitblroiriirrg by employers " .._ "|3!i liveryone who worlts has the right to iust and favor- Curr/iscates part ol tbe n-rrges of those receiving less tbnn l
92J _ able re:
worthy . &#39; &#39; llmeans of t-ncial protection.
ARTICLE 2:1
 in whiei
~- icanbel
li tlla living wage. Tbis forced incorne trrx nritbboldiniv confis-
cates the fruits of labor to pay [or nrnrament rt-bicb daily
threaten tbe tile and liberty of the robbed worker.tun -ration insuring for himself and his family an existence .&#39;l&#39; . . .if lllllllllll  lightly, and supplemented! if necessary, by other
.  i  _ _I 1 I I / 8! By its unilateral military action. its blockage of nniversai
ryone is entitled to a social and international order """"&#39;i"&#39;fl*"P- &#39;75 "&#39;1"-"I "° &#39;¢&#39;¢°8"i" 35¢ l"&#39;i5l"¢"&#39;°" ill ll"-&#39; - I
, 1: Wu", and l- "dams an [Duh in hi. Dgduuion &#39; V trtternrtttonrti Court of justice, and by ntnnerorts acts of Cold 1
&#39; 5 . to tr social and international order.any "__.__d_» " - War waging. tbe United States bus denied to all men the rigbt L

a U I _ I &#39;!
&#39; guAxzg;AcTIox,sRoqg &#39;
The following newspaper items, qhich are attached hereto
also report additional information regarding the activities of the
QAG and the voyage of the ketch "Phoenix:" a *3 J
1. An article captioned "PHOENIX DECKS IN HAIPHONG
WITH $7,000 IN MEDICINE," from the "Philadelphia
_ I Evening Bulletin," Philadelphia, Pa., February 1,
1968;
2. An article captioned PHILADELFHIA NEGRO LEADER TN
N. VIETNAM WITH MEDICAL SUPPLIES FOR WOUNDED,"
- from the "Philadelphia Tribune," Philadelphia, Pa.,
February 6, 1968;
3. An article captioned PHOENIX CREW REPORTS DELIVERY
T0 N. VIETNAM," from The Daily News," Philadelphia,
Pa., February lk, 1968;
i. 
n article captioned "PHUENIX 3AIL6R DEUBTS U. S.
CAN WIN IN VIETNAM," from "The Philadelphia Inquirer,"
Philadelphia, Pa., February 15, 1968. -
s
-11-
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The yacht Phoenix arrived
_safe1y Monday in the North
-Vietnamese port of Haiphong
with $7.000 worth of medical
supplies, George Lake!, co-
chairman of the Quaker Action
Group. announced yesterday.
Lakey said the seven-man
crew was scheduled to unload
the cargo and leave the port
on Tuesday, but no further
92_vord has been received. The
:Qualac_:s brou:ht $5.000 worth
inf surgical instruments for thi:Red Cross in North Vietnamilnd $2,000 worth of medicine
for the National Liberation
Front, the political arm of the
ier Cong. .
The supplies are intended forlcivilian victims of the wen
hkey said. _ , _ _ __;The Phoenix has visited Hal
phong twice in its three trips to
-Vietnam. The first voyage iMarch, 1967. was followed bii:
an unsuccessful attempt to de-E
.liver sunplies to Da Nang in
South Vietnam last November;
-- "T|lie third voyage completes
-our efforts personally to deliv-.
er medical aid to the suffering;
Vietnamese. no matter what
the politics of the government
under which they live," Lakey
laid.
1 The voyage Ind the supplies
were financed .by contributions
from this country and Great
1&#39;il.Ii.&#39;l&#39;l, The Philadelphia mi
crew members included William
Mirnrns, &#39;37, executive directcf
I the National I-air Housin,
..- --  &#39;  I. - &#39; &#39; I Q &#39;.1_ &#39; v iiAssociation; M I. r y I. n n Mc-
Naughton, 23, formerly execu-
tive lecretary oi the&#39;Philadel-
lphia Committee for Nonviolenil
Action. and John Braxtun, a stu-I
dent on leave from Swartltmore
College, 1
&#39; . fu
. 92_ 92-&#39;13.-75-a-P"  " .-_
c :.Qj; i0
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JPi7_0@l&#39;iiX Docks in Haiphong? * um , _
With $7,000 in Medicine 
= 3
&#39;__rI Iip.6- The Evening §
1 Bulletin" Qi Philadelphia,Pa.
. i .i 92
i
i burn: 2/ 1/ 6 8 1
Edition: 2  if 1
illthar:
 Editor: Um ¢ B 0 DiCi92&#39;.iTiSO&#39;D-
T1110: I
- Chumnctor:
K or
92 Clauiecttion: 7
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Wilt 
gle for better housing conclitioris
in Philadelphia, William Mirrims,
arrived in North Vietnam hlon- to
o deliver medical supplies to civil-s
I llimms. 37. executive director
oi the National Fair Housing As- w
members -in Hong Kong twollloweeks ago. and the ship left toriit
lie war-torn country January 2J,;to
,t5roup.
delivered to the Red Cross So-
_wortl:i of antibiotics and generallloi North Vietnam. Also on board so
medicines dstinod Ior the Redlline
country and Great Britain. .&#39; A leader in the Ne-,;rocs&#39; lt.rug-war in Vietnam. _ plies were delivered to Nortli
l   V u I .. r - I &#39; .
 rt .&#39; &#39;- &#39; .,  &#39; &#39;
ll_ lonly show compassion to the vie-Quaker Church. _e,}&#39;Ihe cargo valued at 85000 wasitims. but also plant that shee of The Action Group raises its
 saneness in other men so that they funds and is administrativelgt
ciety of the Deriiocntic litcpiiblicirnay ace the futility of &#39;-var and-apart tron: the ollicial Quake:
l
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. is , .Attempts made to deliver tlte-Vietrtani is a lurthcr attem b 92Ctl0l&#39;| Gmup- rJ I
He said. As I am tisiri, ever} Vietnam in May 195!1rcsot|rce and exerting every et  Attempts to d¬ll92&#39;Ql.&#39; luppliel_  rt lo make lite more tolerable&#39;to l.he South tietriamese Redday Willi a gnoup of Quakers, to to the poor tn our onn countiy Cross and the Uni ed Buddhist
do l feel the need to do the Church were rebulted by the
.lai-i casualties there. same for others South Vietnamese Goventmerii
The youthful housing leader last December
gamed 8E92E.l"il victories to A Quaker Action Group walsociatioo, joined S other crew tenant dv-ellcis -- in getting land itormed in the latter part ol 1955
s to make repairs - also sa:d|b92 a group of Quakers who feltis his hope that by giving aicl92an urge to do more to show their
those cruelly affected by theconcern for their fellowman thannponsored by a Quaker Action holocaust in Vietnaiu, we not was being done by the o
ida:
UWI
counsel others to do the body. although Quaker oflieiati
the Ihip, Phoenix, were S2000:same." &#39; - land church members have-sliown
imrns resides at 6401 Catht-:5 $}&#39;mPiU1.t&#39;hand eiztenilcg 300D¢l&#39;l&#39;st. gvith his wile, Joyce, a tion to teir riiiitan ro eta.
Cross Society of the National Lib-their three chi1d.i&#39;en._ .. , ; Lawrence 5¢<-Na dilB¢l°l&#39; 9!
eration Front in South 92&#39;ietnarn.; George Willoughby. co - chair-;t&#39;ace relations for the _AmertcanThe supplies were paid tor byiirnan oi the Quaker group, whichfriends Service Comrnittee  I-hlc0ntributions&#39;frorn persons tn thisihas its headquarters at 20 8. 12th;t0lTiCii| Qt-12-RC! 01iilTl1Zi1l-I011!. ll
L, said "the latest trip to Noi-tliexecutive director ol A Quake:i
_ Pt Y --Isuppties last October were pi-e- our group to respond to human, The other crew members. I-ll
&#39; vents! because of the intensifica-need.  _ "veterans of the 92&#39;0l&#39;i-36 W 59"!
lion of the bombing of not-iii!
Vietnam by the United States. ,he"The U.S. bombiit: c0iiLimies,Vietiiam. are: Robert EitOtl- 33:
added, and innocent civiliansitlie ship: captain from Annapo-
llimms, whose National Fairfcontiriue to be 
lled and lis. Md-I BB1:-&#39;1NB150t1. 23- 5&#39;03!Housing Association led hundreds maimed." ; . Yitokomo. Inct; John Brawn 19-=1!
I tenants in rent strikes against-2
ords tn the city, said he tell
try and those 1-ictiina at the:
.t ..  --
-&#39;5
I_ _ -_ I -"v- 9---_
/J -1*FPlll-IVIOUS VOYAGES Worth Wales. Pa.; MaryannThe Quaker group or:anizedt92&#39;aughton. 23, of Phl_12de1Ph11lJre was I connection betweenltwo previous voyagu rot the ship Committee for Non Violent Ac,poor and oppressed tn ttuilrhoenix. - r hon. and Christopher COW?-- 810.000 go:-th of medical Ill? from London. EH8"-Bi - e
HF _  ,,,,,,,, _, _, , 92I&#39;
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newspaper, city and lune.!
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192  i
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, Philadelphia Tribi;
i--_ Phil.aciel_pl:iia,PaI
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Ealli
ivol.  NO &#39;, Author:
E°EI ,&#39;-lasr.ington RhTitle:
Chat-vector:
j orE Clulettte-utlon:
Submlttlnq Dllicer
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_n_gsn1x Crew Reports Q
ieiiverv to N. Vietnam?
nose KONG  UPI!.- An}
American Quaker pacifist ship,
has delivered $6000 worth 0!;
medical supplies to the North
Vietnamese Red Cross and the:
Vietcong Red Cross at Hai-f
phong, crew members gaid uponreturn to Hon; Kong yesterday.
The six Americans and one,
Briton who made the journey in
the Phoenix in de
ancelof U. S1
Rate Department regulations
said they were greeted by doq
as of beautiful girls carrying
* owers and taken on a tour
y Red Cross representatives.
&#39; The skipper, Robert Eaton;
, oi Philadelphia, whose pass-
port was lifted as a result at the
trip, said small boats take
cargoes from ships in Haiphong
because the port had been heavi-
ly bombed. He said he saw Chi-
ese, Soviet and British mer-
chant ships in the port. &#39;
John Braxton, 19, of North
Wales, Pa., Said a young North
Vietnamese naval of
cer told
him he had faith in Ho Chi
link: declaration that hey
would 
ght -five, 10 or even&#39;15
years to defeat the U. S-o -
, .* -
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newspaper, city and snared
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P-hiladelptzia, Pa.
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i°°" 1+ star _ Ed-tuna:
Editor:
Tlllc: - "jM"h°"J.RAY 1-zmrr

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Win in Vietnam
Phoenix, which recently sailed
to North Vietnam carrying med-ical supplies, said Wednesday-"P&#39;KSSP&#39;5R1SREV0El3&#39;U 7
night he doesn&#39;t believe the U. S.W _ . ,,__ __,  _ __ ____,,, ,_ nJ _
.-
Because o1 sme Departmentcan wininvietnam. _ I1-estrietions, two members ofWilliam Jnlimms, ¢X:CUt192"
l.llc crew have had their P355-, &#39; I"_-"ipg,5 1-evoked and the others,
director of the Phi-IidBlph1l~inc1udj_ng Mimms, could {Ice
ciation, told newsman at Asked nhout this, the Negro £ase»d National Fair Housing we swig o|,_ , _
T-Ilil-30511 Al1&#39;P°1&#39;i- rywleader slated,  To take it awn?
51:5: beat a man who is 
ght-mm me is uk, "king me to get
mg for his freedom." on me hack of the bus." t -
. The 37-year-old civil lights uimms claimed that the
i
iler ¢XPii1}°5 that 
l


 bombing of North Vietnam hazi
Vietnamese new South Vietnam sewed oniy go unify the people.11: 1 captive part of their owulsvm the nightly cleanup opera-
inatiou. _ &#39;  an; following e bombing raid
ram; or omzmzss &#39; -don&#39;t dampen their he1i_efT-DHWO
him" :&#39;:e:":"i:: eam,"e e. B03 -. Jof the oneness" 0% thelllke grail. It: like New York.unmet _ lhe said. lflfhere we have bomb-lilimms arrived at 6:30 P. M. ed one bridle. "7 h" hmi
L[Indicate page, name of
nawnpupn, city and atoll.!
I
p.3-The Philadelr
 Inquirer"
Philadelphia, Pa.
 1/eats:

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1* - IIERICAH FBIIKDS SERVICE COIIITTIE
1 92
II; leference is made to your etter Hated
F YBbPB
rY 1. 195$. your reference .
y i iarochu re published by the A-Q1-lean friends
= Service Committee  AFSC! oescrihes this organization
e ioiloes: i. [ &#39; V &#39;
- "THE LIEBICIJ FRIENDS SERVICE COEHITTEE is 1
Quaker international voluntary eervice
, organization with programs in some 20 countries.
_ It operates in the belief that there is love
j" of God in every nan end that love, expressed
E through 
e:-tire action, can overcwe hitreo,
it projudice, and tear. ihe Conittee is etatted
e; and Iupported by people of may faiths and
teens.
Sumner institutes on world attaire are
7 sponsored annually by most 0! its ll regional
92 Offices in the United States. Other progrnas
include refugee rehabilitation, eocinl and
;i teohnioel eesiettnoe, sooner end year-roen:1 iolnntary service projects tor young people,
7 _ work with the prohleu of ninorities, end
international conferences and seminars. The
Iork is carried on entirely through voluntary
oontrihutionl.i -
In I958, the IISC perticipatd in an exchange
ieit vith the Soviets. In-connection with this exchange,
the AISQ eponsored visits to the United stetes oi three
individuals and lent three lenbers of the l?SC to the
ISSB for extended visits. - - ~--H
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In 1986, the AFSC entered into en.igreement
Ilth the Committee of Youth Org;nizations of the UES£
tor reciprocal international eeainars, the first oi
Which was held in the USSR in August, 1960. _
7- Information ehich has cone to our attention
indicates that the contacts between the nebere or the
AISC and Soviet-bloc ofticinla have been reitricted to
cultural and student exchange matters.
Io information has cone to our attention which -
would indicate that the AISC ls llgnlticnntly infiltrated,
dominated or controlled by the Cununiit Party or any
other subversive group. - &#39;
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U ~-92#553 UNITED sures DEPARTMENT or Jvsrlcr.¢ ,$-"" :31/J FEDERAL auamu: or INVESTIGATIQN .
IIRQQUHQIRJII

ll No.
RE:Seattle, Washington ; &#39;
February 15, 1968 *
1
AMERICAN FRIENDS srnvxcn counrrrrr
!- &#39;ITED_ NATI ONS-WASI-IINGTON_ _smumn_,
_ n_<;1g_so__&#39;rm-3_oucn APRIL-6,,._l968 t
IHFORIMITION CONCERNING
On February 14, 1968, a confidential source
who has furnished reliable information in the past reported
the American Friends Service Committee&#39;s  AFSC! offices
at Seattle, Washington; Portland, Oregon; San Francisco
and Pasadena, California, are sponsoring a seminar at the
United Nations in New York City and at Washington, D.C.,
March 30 through April 6, 1968. The delegates will be
limited in number to 35 persons.
- The
current world
international
and one&#39;s own
 Thepurpose of the seminar will be to "discuss
issues with diplomats, international authorit
and national civil servants and legislators,
Congressmen and Senators."
- J _
source made available a leaflet setting out
additional details on the conference. A reproduction of it
is attached.
The AFSC is the social outreach arm
of the religious group known as the
Society of Friends  Quakers!.
-
This document contains neither
recommendations nor conclusions
of the FBI. It is the property
~ oi the FBI and is loaned to your _92 .
agency; it and its contents are
not to be distributed outside
e YOU! IKGBCY.
Im3fR@¥§B 1
6 AUG23 19732 //4;//s ?7- I/4ies,
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civil servents and lsrislators, and _ODE
For
able to use the experience
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: -_ _ _ .4 6 .. ____92 .- - - 7 Q
_ _ _,&#39;and tax. Cost to those arranging their av;
transportation is ET? for hetei and travel
from Kew York tc iashington 3.0. $50 deposit
should accozpeny each apgiication. Deediigs_ 5 - for applications and full fees is Karen 11, 0:. . . s 3  92 - &#39;-U 9292 ..,._ _ .,
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2l6Q Late st.. San Francisco, CA 94121~  Telephone: 415 - 51: 2-was!
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57>-&#39; E» 923 U1&#39;92 :51! STATES DEPARTMENT OF I-..=TiCEi__ Q41! n-zonau. nuarav or INVESTIGATION &#39;-=¢:.:J, Seattle, Washington -
&#39;" February 13, 1968 § 1 _
:aaqa;.r|-n4-rs &#39;
MNG- in
&#39; _ .
RE: DEMONSTRATIONS PROTESTING UNITED
STATES INTERVENTION IN VIETNAM
INFORMATION CONCERNING
A summary concerning weekly vigils protesting Uni-
ted States intervention in Vietnam, which were held in the
State of Washington during the past week, is set out herein-
after:
1. sxutm" vzon. AT mm pnemc 1.1nRARYLs§g1jrLE, wgnsngncrgg, BRU * * *  * *
Y .
jig? On February 7, 1968, a confidintial source reportedten rsons participated in this demo ration sponsored by
the American riends _ _*_CnmmiLtee  AESC!- O _
_, - .. -t -92. &#39; 1 ---1-&#39; &#39;-  -&#39;- . _ . - -  &#39;. - &#39; &#39; &#39; " &#39; .  q_A &#39;- --¢.&#39;.-»- 92f- ~ &#39; " -- - &#39; -,. _ .- &#39;-&#39;-  " &#39; I 1 _ . .7..92&#39;_ . -&#39;.~. _,- . ,_ _ -___ ,_  - -,.-,.- __q- -._&#39;nn --Q - _
The AFSC is the social outreach arm of the
religious group known as the Society of
Friends  Quakers!. .
2. wsrglciv SILENT won n.1~:c;_1m~&#39;mc MARCH 1, 1961, UNIVERSITY
§I&#39;FWA§H&#39;1NGTON_; S§Afr1"§£*,  p no 0n,__ We , __.
On February 7, 1968, a second source reported about
16 persons took part in this vigil. None were recognized.
Ho sponsor was announced.
3. SILENT VIGILS EACH wznntsnnv AFTERNOONE rsnemt OFFICE
rt i  _?_, V  ?&#39; - Nge ,I__,,, __ V *7 _ _&#39;
On February 7, 1968, a Special Agent of the FBI
observed approximately nine persons taking part in a ilentvigil at the_Federa1 Office Building, Everett.
4»~ No onsor was nnounce 5» - -
This document contains neitherrecommendations nor conclusions F" i:H%*;j- ¢ D
of the FBI. It is the property - "
i§3?jg es; »WH
of the FBI and is loaned to your _ e¢¢;5_~§p;§f{f@-
agency; it and its contents are *9v"1;*;F¥r**f ;
not to be distributed outside &#39; *&#39;"u" _
your agency. s_ 1/04&#39;//39¢
G

. Q! - !
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!-_
RE: DEMONSTRATIONS PROTESTING UNITED 1 */
STATEQ INTEVI¥TION IV VIZTK ¥ e» - c 7_ L. . _- _ _;§.. J. _ e 1 _  ~ ii e 7 ___ __W__;J__W ___*______-T-1. -
. / _ p , 
- A __ _--.-._ .- -. _&#39;:.e-.-J.-. -___.... -
4. srttnr VIGILS tacn rnrnnr AFTERXOON BEGINNING JANUARY 6,I9B7TFfiFFKE6T?TIEjitTE5TI3TT§EEETFGHI
jWKSHTRCj§
:
YEEFCKFY é, 19&#39;6&#39;S. " W * *
On February 9, 1968, a Special Agent of the FBI
observed approximately 19 participants in this vigil. The
name of the sponsoring group was not announced. No members
of any basic revolutionary organizations Iere recognized in
attendance.
5. SILENT VIGIL tacn Fngniv, UNITED srgrng gnmr nncnurrzugnfp,wAcm1r®ou. t 1  to M
on February 9, 1968.Bre_m_:rton, reported a veekly v gil
protesting United States intervention in Vietnam had ten par-
ticipants on February 9, 1968, but no sponsoring organization
Ias announced.
. /_____________k_  ..__ , _e&#39;_e ___e _,_ _*I:_. &#39;- ..___,..,,b,_ Z
. ..._ e 1-:e;-_.ei.._.,i__ ____ ,
Representatives of various law-enforcement agencies
in the communities in which the vigils vere held advised no
violence and no arrests occurred.1
a
&#39;1-*&#39;
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F I
rI-. Q/67&#39; _ _&#39;@§Fé¬; &#39; FEDERAL BUREA§ OFIFVESTIGATION
e -- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania .
In .Rr_r-Jy. Pines: Refer nr _ - _
l n5 _ . Uanuary 31, 1988, 

92 -0
. _ _ M,
. e rouge igatzgpas or 1~:o,.=;&#39;r1~*._1e:s:=,;c:-."-&#39;-V
&#39; -.¢T " &#39;
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i "The Friends Journal," Philadelphia, Pa., dated
_ - November 15, 1957, page SOM, contained the following
. item: &#39; - -
Young Friends of North America, meeting at
Wilmington College in Ohio late in October, ~
heard reports on how representatives of their .
- organization, acting on&#39;a decision reached C
- by the YFNA summer conference at Oakwood - _ &#39;
School, had gone to Canada to turn over $8OO
to the Canadian Friends Service Committee ,, »
-: to be spent for medical snpplies for all _ -- - &#39;
. &#39; parts  North and South! of Vietnam. Membersri -
&#39; " of the group agreed to continue Yietnam&#39; -
relief efforts in two ways: encouraging _
young Friends to raise more money for the
-Canadian Friends Service Committee, and seeking _
to open up legal channels for humanitarian _ Y
aid. They also made plans to promote training
in nonviolent peace squad methods, hoping - .
_ _, thereby to enable Friends to live up to their
_ tEstihanies by keeping the peace in difficult e p _,;V &#39; situations. &#39; _- - 1_ -. &#39; -  &#39; - -
1, _ . _ 92 _ . .
. &#39;1 2t_] Concerning the Young Friends of horth Ane;ica YFNA!,-
_ &#39;.&#39;The Friends Journal, Philadelphia, Pa., dated December l,o -1967, page 527, contains an article captioned, "China Today .
lqe _.a.¢;XFNA Workshop;&#39;reported by CAROLYN WILBUR TRBADWAY, which "&#39; -+-
_ ,:_p;h in part states as follows: &#39; fr, _e =e-,_ , ,é?." -,f;=.
&#39; &#39; &#39; &#39; &#39; "" .-  ,_ - I 92 &#39;
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u, . _ - -1--_ .- ;-- . --.u- -&#39;Despite ccrren. ol::_:clt-e= in ee.a-.isningQ 8 &#39; - &#39; F - 92 - Q -&#39; J -direct ocntect u_tn -n_ne, -:a:; :rle:_s believe
1+ - : _ -, = - +D 1is _:_:rta:t tnat we ccrtinc. our at-e:pt5
to further our knowledge and understanding of
that
withcountry and that
others;-* we share our findings
"In line with these airs, the ;st-West
IContactsQ
America recently hslc-uCSK_T_&E _ Young Friends of North
its fourth annual Worxshop
on China. fourteen cf 138 thirty-two partici-
pants were from foreign countries- Resource
personnel were William Barton of the Friends
Service Council  London!; George Denney of
the U.
author - IIi Univers- State De - I
"anshenf Allan Cole of Tufts
Russelpartment; William Pinton
1 Hckrthur of Selkirk College
in British Columbia; and Bronson Clark of
the American Friends Service Committee, who
served as moderator.
"Two main
The firstthemes d
was the
World - and especi
Quakerism - of Chi
accomplis
The secon
policies
in U,.S.hment of
d was the
in Souths
- China o
"The ideal goals o
gospel
to those
Communist
for a cla
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rich andare striki
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s advooat
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the sole
re are to
poor, eduominated the conference;
challenge to the Western
ally to ¬hristianity and
nese Communisns theory and
effective social change. &#39;
responsibility of U. S.
ast Asia for the breakdown
ommunication and cooperation?
f Chinese Communism&#39;s social
ngly similar in some ways
ianity and Quakerisnf The -
e and are supposedly working
ciety where service to others
incentive for working and
be no distinctions between "
cated and uneducated, bourgeois
and proletariat- The present Cultural Revolutionwhere the
y Maoists as the means of achieving a -

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-.1. ...,,-n54.tne remeenzng th;rs- Quasers are
the veelence acvoeatec by the
effecttve 1n acheevinz socaalF
nonvlclence of clvil dzsobedzence
change cf ;over we woulc prefer
toe, whether service for others
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5&#39;»-7 in Southeast Asia - 1
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polscy of containment
the status=quo governm
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nsonszstent wsth our Chris
ports Chsnesa propaganda
States is Chinas implaca__ &#39;_ ._&#39; .* __-=____-T_ ___&#39;T&#39;CS..._:&#39;i;&#39;.-7, OI lg
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Dear - i., h___ ____w_  &#39;_
Your letter oi January 23rd has been received.
In response to your inquiry, information contained
in our files must be maintained as confidential in accordance with
regulations oi the Departmental Justice. I regret I am unable to
i-crnish me data yen am seeking.
This Bureau has no list for distribution such as you
desire; however, you may wish to secure a copy of "Guide to Sub-
versive Organizations and Publications," prepared and released
by the House Committee on Un-American Activities. In it are
listed some of the groups and periodicals which have been cited
by various state and Federal agencies, and a copy of it can be
purchased for seventy cents {rem the Superintendent of Documents.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402. Checks or
money orders should be drawn payable to the Superintendent oi
cements. C. 0. D. orders will not be accepted.
t Sincerely yours, &#39;
J. Edgar Hoover R
. it 1 I V D];-C: kg I EfNOT.E&#39; C0&#39;i~&#39;res d t
1fr;1é&#39;1¥}; Se;vige__Qgm;nitte_e_is well known to the Bureau as a
ConradFch
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SullivanNP
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Del-ouch
Huh! is, 7 .
Bilbo; _...i_
Caspar ii
Cllhtmpacifist gimp with the Quaker Church. .- - ~1 I  pon en is not identifiable in Bufiles American
;1i1"=1=;>1r is!  t ,1 A

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January 2}, 1953
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Hasnington, L. C. ;
&#39; I 1
Dear "Sir: -l &#39;
¢
1 - - a &#39; ,-,." . " _. &#39; - -&#39; -»~ ..  - "-T? -Y 2- _ _ ,__;92 * ._ . &#39; .., :_ : _-_,_92_-&#39;-.-f&#39;r__. _.  _. I
Recently, I have received two publications E?
from a group calling themselves the Ameri-
can Qriengg 
epyice Qongittee. &#39;
Even though this paper was printed in the
U. 5., the articles beer an uncanny resem-
blence to those articles written in Hanoi, _
Peking and no§,;§ RE ,_/y,//_§7Z__,_$&#39;0&#39;
I do not know how or why my name weeaplgapég-B58
on their mailing list. Needless to ;gg_ l__
have told them to delete my name from thm;
£1-. 2- Q -v-. I_- K 4&#39;1, ;v&#39; I-3! 
E 9292J ._ I _ _ , A--r .&#39;I,,~_- -
Do you know anything about this American ,
_ _ _ _ 

_Erienos §ervice Connittee? A150,¢ou1¢&#39;you
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i send meva list of these publicaziczs,  S :3? 1Q:.___,- Uh...
- . . .- - -EEC OPEEElZEZlCL5 etc.. CDLSICETEC CO CE ,
subversive? I believe
- ewe rearé of
Educatien, the faculties =né stuiezts
be alarmed to this common danger.
___.... I--
~ Thanks very much.
Best zishe? e .~
i i _ iii? 
_i;_ sj,

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C&#39; Er? _ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE&#39;  &#39; FEDERAL amuznu or INVESTIGATION
""J&#39; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania _
- 0§»5.:1&#39;.-".."e""""" P W-&#39; 221558 H P
&#39; 
qpimg Acnog anon?  QAc!_ 9
Thefoowiqg newspaper articles, which are
attached, aet forth current news concerning the QAG
and the voyage of the ketch Phoenix in its efforts to
deliver medical supplies to North or South Vietnam:
1. .An article from the "Friends Journal,"Philadelphia, Pa., December 16, 1967,
beginning A Quaker Action Group&#39;s
_ Yacht, Phoenix . . .
2. An article from "The Evening Bulletin,"
Philadelphia, Pa., December 28, 1967,
captioned "2d Voyage to N. Vietnam
Planned by Phoenix Crew.@ _
3. in articie from The Phiiadeiphia
_Inquirer," Philadelphia, Pa.,_ January 2, 1968, captioned "Quakers
Plan Suit Against U.S. to Free
"Frozen Bank Funds."
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&#39; b  . .I A Quaker Action Group: yaeht, Phoenix, sailed Fat-emher
I4 for Da Nang, loaded with medical supplies, with the avowed
-intention of delivering hall to the South Vietnamese Red Cross
and half to the militant Buddhists of that country. Visas and
permission had been issued at Hong Kong by the South Viet-
namue consul.
However, at Da Nang an o
icial South Vietnamese boat met
the Phoenix to announce that the Government had dlanged its.Inind and canceled the visas. No explanation was given. As the
T
ounmu. went to press, the Quaker crait was on its way to the
port of Saigon in another attempt to bring medical assistanceto su
erers on both sides oi the conict. If delivery of supplies
no both the South Vietnamese Red Cross and the Buddhists
could not he assured, the crew had permission to donate thd
urge to the Red Cross Societies of the North Vietnamese and
the National Liberation Front via the Intemational Control
Commission: plane from Cambodia.
Still at the warehouse at I-long Kong was $5.000 worth of
magical insu-uments to be delivered by some means to the RedCms in North Vietnam, which stata that direct delivery to
Haiphong is not possible under intensi
ed bombing conditions.
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Philadelphia, Pa,
Dem 1_2/15/67
Edition: V01 .  NO . 2!
,&uthor: _ _mug;-anc e s W111 lat:
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p 2d Voyoge to N. Vieinomilfanned byiPhoenix&#39;Crew_ i -
.- nycnnor. mxensr
 Of The Bulletin Stuff
The Quaker erew of the ship;
Phoenix, which the South Viet-
namese prevented from unload-
-ing tnedicai supplies for civilian
war victims, will sail next
month for North Vietnam. It
wilt be the third sailing for the
Phoenix and" the second to
.North Vietnam. .
George Lakey. Philadelphia
project director Ior the Phoe-
nixs_second foray into Vietnam
with medical supplies, yester-
day related details or that voy-
age and spoke of plans for the
-next sailing. &#39;
_; He addressed a news confer- nce at headquarters of a Qua-
er Action Group, 20 S. 12th st.
rited to Hanoi &#39;
The organization w&#39;as formed
;a year ego "tn take non-violent
action against war and the
Ioroes of injustice," according
to Lakey, who iiso is cochair-l
man of the group with George
Willoughby.
-_ He said the Phoenix had been
invited by Hanoi last March
when it delivered $10,000 Worth
of medical supplies to Haiphong
for the Red Cross Society ofNorth Vietnam. -
e The Phoenix will take $3.000,
worth of surgical equipment
therein January. he said.
r Lekey, %. of 3711 Spring Gar-
den st, and an assistant pro-
l|-_ssor.- of Upland School of So-
cial Change in Chester, re-J
. turned from Vietnam Christmas-
Eve. . -.&#39; - &#39; .- _ &#39;
Unloading Barred
- He had left for that oountryl
 n Oct. ll. and sailed with the
L a -_ hoenix and its crew of eight.
I-long Kong on Nov. 14
$6 000 worth of medical-rum
ith&#39;5t:ppiJ&#39;e.s destined for the Red
Cross Sottiety or South Viet-
lnarn and the United Buddhist
Church of South Vietnam, -
- We got to Danang Nov. 19,
visas from the South Vietnam-
;ese government in hand," he re-
tcalied. "The morning of t.he
lith an official of the South
ii/ietnamese government told usI we couldn&#39;t unload our cargo
and had to leave. He offeredno explanation. " 
, "We vigiled three days be-
yond the three-mile limit out-.
ivietnamese government would
Then, on Nov. 30, we left for
fthree days close to Saigon.
!Claims Harassment - 1I "While in the waters outside,
Saigon-but beyond the three-,mile limit  we were harassed
by the South Vietnamese navy
lboats that fired machinegunsfi.rtto the water near us and at-I
tempted to make us collide with
their boats. . -
1 "A United States Navy
launch trained two machine-
[guns on us_-one a deck-
mounted gun and another in a
sailors hands. It seemed clear
to me it was an attempt to in-
itimidateus. &#39; _-
l Laltey an the Quakers will
lt?y igeitt to deliver supplies to
South Vietnam after the Jan-
uary trip to Hanoi.
He said the medical supplies
were purchased in 1-long Kong
and came from local manufac-
iturers_&#39;Japan. Switzerland and[the United States. Money _ topl.iI&#39;ChZ5¢ them was raised _i.nl
about a month through volun .&#39;tary contributions, mostly]American citizens, Lakcy saidj._-_: - - =__._sr_ ;   _ &#39;
:.:.:"-1"-_.-. -~ ~&#39;
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, ._ .lside Danang, hoping the South&#39;-
accept the supplies they needed._
Cap Sc Jacques in southernl
Vietnam and vigiled another;,| l
l
I  Indicate page, octet oi
atowlpoper, ctr! trod ltote.!
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Pitiladelphia ,Pa
out-= 12/28/67 .
Edition: 2 St.-JI
Author: Carol. Innerst
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_ _ - The Philadelphia-based A Quaker Action Group, whichhas defied Federal law to send aid to Communist areas ofe Vietnam, Ls preparing to |u_e for release ofjits frozen bank~
gggg
? 1&#39;, Iuid Black-wood Terrace, N. 8., aaid. _ ,  - -~ _ the £u|:rds1e group leeks.."°°... ii ".f.°2?Za.;EI1;£.&#39;;i;;=°;;,;=;;=, *3-8; *~;==- 55¢.- ~ .. . , . . i . . e rovi ent a-.  . 7 Quaker OFIIMIEUOD a&#39;|th.heafiéétinnal Bank of Philadelphia, and&#39; " * - ig;&#39;e"It:;&#39;:lp";;?ch -Jab?-y::£t|$s44.20, -frozen last Jan. 23 tn. ..: :_ A When O mum ready hasutiepi
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an _* 1- &#39; TES&#39;iIl~i0:92&#39;Y on vitmm BY snzwaxr rmannn ---
National Peace Education Secretary
U American Friends Service Committee J e
In August and September of this year I visited South Vietnam representing the
American Friends Service Committee. My primary mission was to make firsthand &#39;
inquiry into the general situation in Vietnam so that the peace education work of
the AFSC could be better informed and bring more accurately into focus the essen-
tial facts and issues about the war in Vietnam. Also; l visited the service activi-
ties which are being carried on in South Vietnam by the AFSC. Ihese include a 7 1
prosthetic center in Quang Ngai and a variety of individual service assignments in
the Saigon area. _ -
During the course of my visit I talked with many Americans and many Vietnamese,
both military and civilian. I talked with religious leaders, with journalists, with
refugee officials, with students, with social workers, and with Americans working
for voluntary service agencies. I visited the Central Vietnam city of Hue, as well
as Qiang Ngai. I spent two days traveling by motor vehicle and helicopter to
refugee camps, provincial and district headquarters, and remote hamlets. I crossed
a river by canoe because a highway bridge between Hue and the airport had been blown
up that same morning by the forces of the National Liberation Front. I eras in Qaang
Ngai on September 3 and observed the balloting there in the South Vietnam election.
On one occasion I watched American helicopters and dive bombers attacking a line of
hills near a hospital I was visiting. Nightly, whether I was in Saigon or in a
more remote area, I heard the sound of H & I  harassment and interdiction! fire,
sometimes close by, sometimes in the distance.
From the things that I saw and the people I talked with I gained these &#39;i_m-
pressions: - - 1 
1. The U.S. armed forces and U.S. civilian employees are beleaguered in-South
Vietnam. Everywhere one goes whether it be out in the countryside where active
military operations are in progress, or in Saigon itself where the U.S. military
presence is most apparent, U.S. armed forces and 11.5. civilian employees arebilleted
and they work in heavily guarded enclaves, in buildings surrounded by barbed wire,
sandbag barricades, cement-filled oil drums, grenade protection screens, and machine
gt-l1&#39;l.5. &#39;
2. The Vietnamese population surrounds the Americans wherever they are, and in
every city and every part of the country the Americans cannot assume for a moment" &#39;
that the V.C. will not emerge from amongst the civilian population, carry out hit- e;
and-disappear propaganda meetings or armed attacks, and then melt back into the
population, secure and unbetrayed. &#39; - _ ,- _ -
r ..
&#39; 3. Though the U.S. forces and civilian workers are constantly attempting to
improve their Security arrangements, they move about with a constant awareness of -
insecurity. , ; g W - . .. - . . I
1+. The Americans generally do not have a sense of clear purpose or of accom- _
plishment. The military personnel are there fora! yea:-_.and It is the goal of most
_ c
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_ to last out the year and leave. The civilians are often quite candid about their
high pay and their fringe benefits and their feeling that they would not be able to
do nearly as well back in the States.  e..;I:&#39;_1"&#39;  -  1 .
___V._H I _ ...__-t Q,  &#39; _ ,_ _r _
5. There is great demoralization among-"many Vietnamese because of the low
esteem in which they hold the Saigon regime. They feel that it is corrupt and
graft-ridden. They have little respect for_;its leaders. On the other hand one
hears Americans and Vietnamese alike refer to the NL_F in terms of respect; they D
consider the  to be honest in its dealings with the peasants and they say that i
the NLF leadership is close to the people rather than separated by distinctions of
status and privilege. . 1;-_ . l
6. The recent elections aroused little or no enthusiasm among the Vietnamese.
feeling was widespread that the elections were rigged from start to finish.&#39; The
7.. There is virtually no freedom of dissent or of independent political action.
hears persistent rumors that the jails -are packed with political prisoners who
subjected to torture -and beatings, -  _ . One
ere
8. The elections are viewed by Vietnamese and many Americans as changing
nothing in Vietnam, but useful to the Johnson Administration for propaganda purposesin the 11.5. e - .  &#39; u
In this situation I reached three basic conclusions, one economic, one humani-
tarian, and one political. ."&#39;  &#39; . t 
pl. :lf1}e_ec_onomy of South Vietnam is being Jiegstroyed by the war. perhaps irretrievabg.
. South Vietnam, instead of remaining a major rice export area, is now importing
nearly one million tons this year. Rubber_exports have been cut in half. A signifi- &#39;
cant new war-related export item is scrap metal, bought by Japanese junk dealers and
shipped to Yokohama. e V - i
I . _ ....s..e_ .. . _ , ,
Meanwhile imports of highly sophisticated western products, mainly from the U.S.
and Japan, soar. In four years the ratio of imports to exports has gone up from
J.-to-1 to 25-to-1. &#39; _ C; -"
, "L
This grossly artificial economic activity is made possible, and even essential,
by the vast influx of consumer buying power in the form of wages, both military and
-civilian, and other war-related activities.  iiithout the flood of western imported
goods inflation would bring all economic activity to ea halt. As it is, inflation is
a continuing crisis problem. Those who suffer most are the villagers and those who "
&#39; profit the most are the urban privileged class in government, business, and the upper
levels of the military. &#39; e  a  i »--
 The &#39;v&#39;ietnamese earn money in this 12$. "financed economy by the services they
render in several major highly lucrative, war-related occupations: &#39; l! the construe:
tion of luxury housing and office buildings for foreigners and wealthy Vietnamese, - &#39;
! military service, ! prostitution, land ! bribery and influence peddling.
"-V  -- - V &#39; , -~ - A- -. --.- _-- __ -_.......-1~..._- &#39;__o.s-,.._&#39;. ,1- ..-92 _. .  ,__ _ _ _ _ ___
_ s. _

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&#39;. I .. r,._ &#39; ,._ &#39; a 4U _
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Meanwhile U.S.
B00 U.S. firms have
scooters, radio and
and a wide range of -,  K! _ !
92 _ 3 I.
and Japanese businesses share in the profits from the war. Over _
commercial representatives in $aigon.sel1ing automobiles, motor 7
electronic equipment, food products, air-conditioning equipment,
other luxury consumer goods. &#39; _
Thus as Vietnam&#39;s oun productive capacities are being destroyed the United &#39; &#39;
States finds itself using Vietnam as a dumping ground for excess U.S. dollars and _
excess U.S. and Japanese manufactured goods. Those who profit are the U.S. and .
Japanese manufacturers, the Vietnamese and the Americans in Vietnam who are in on 0
the graft, and the high-salaried Americans and top Vietnamese who are running the &#39;
war and its related activities. Those who are victimized are the Vietnamese peasants,
young people, and urban poor; also the young Americans who are sent into combat.
Those who foot the bill are the American tax-payers. .
Thus, economically the war exploits the Vietnamese people and the American tax
payers for the profit of American and Japanese industry. The enormous wealth which
top Vietnamese acquire in the process is incidental.  I question whether this economic
exploitation was initially a direct motivating cause of the war; it is however a
clear and dominant aspect of the war situation as it has developed, and it is a ¢
powerful barrier now to peace.!
II. Ihe cuituralnlife of the common people of Vietnam is;being_obliterated.
Over 80% of the South Vietnamese people
the countryside. Approximately 3 million of
years of heightened U.S. military operations
population of about 12,500,000, about 252 ofhave normally lived in villages or in
these have become refugees during recent
in Vietnam. Thus with a total non-urban
the peasant and village population of
South Vietnam have been driven from their homes and their rice paddies and they have
been crowded into refugee camps and into city slums. Informed Americans in Vietnam
estimate that 85% of the refugees have fled not to escape the Viet Cong, but to get
away from U.S. bombing and H & I fire. Their homes-have been fired on, their villages
have been deliberately burned or bombed, and whole areas have been literally bull-
dozed out of existence.
hile a peasant society is both more vulnerable and more resilient than a mmre
sophisticated society to some forms of attack from without, we can get some notion
of the dimensions of the carnage of war in Vietnam if we ask ourselves what the effect
on our society vouldibe if a proportionate number of our people had been driven from
their homes by war and had had their homes destroyed. For us the number would be
about 35 or 1+0 million people. This approaches the dimensions of disaster which we &#39;
would experience in an initial nuclear attack. . - -
- Hhen our military leaders talk of the war continuing for years, what do they a
think will be left of Vietnam? How can a country suffering such havoc survive? .At
What point does the further extension of.a war cross the line that divides mass e .
killing from genocide, war damage from war crime?
Ihe creation of refugees is not a by-product of this war but an integral part
of it, planned as a necessary strategy to destroy.the base of NLF guerilla operations.
This strategy takes for granted the supporting relationship between NLF forces and
the Vietnam village people. Io destroy essential support for the NLF militarily our
armed forces now destroy the villages_and turn the village people into refugees.
9/ _&#39; -

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An official U.S. memorandum titled §tatus of Refugee Program states in part:
1968 with the increase of military activity in the more densely settled areas,
refugees should number 600,000 with about 300,000 being re-established during-_n_ *L._e!J -Isome period." - - ~ ~;.- -- -~-»= ;=~ "~ » -In
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The U.S. authorities not only acknowledge the essential connection between
Wmilitary activity" and rising estimates of "new refugees"; they also plan to ex-
ploit the misery of the refugees to gain support for the South Vietnamese government
in whose behalf our armed forces are creating the refugees in the first place. "
&#39; The above memorandum states: "Refugees by virtue of their numbers, their
recognizable identity as a disadvantaged and compassionate group, and most impor-o
tently their family and the village connections in contested and Viet Cong areas;
. pregent a singular and readily e5ploitable opportunity to inc;ease_popular support
of the Government of Vietnam within Vietnam and abroad."  Emphasis supplied!
Thus even the humanitarian impulses of those who feel pity for the refugees
are included in the calculations of the U.S. authorities who are responsible for 1
carrying out the war programs in Vietnam. First they destroy villages. Then they
encourage compassionate concern for the refugees from the destroyed villages. Then
they use the works of compassion as evidence of the fine qualities of the Govern-
ment of Vietnam and in this say justify destroying more villages to
keep this government in power. The truth is that genuine humanitarian purposes can-
not be fulfilled until the U.S. military activities in Vietnam are ended, and no
humanitarian programs connected with the military activities are truly humanitarian
unless they serve to bring the war to a halt rather than justify its continuation.I-hnu cnnlr l-n_..-J -.....~ ...-.
III. Zoliticalnlifein South Vietnam has but two dimensions; the massive military
. intervention of the United States and the seeminggigexhaustible_capacity of
thegNLF tocontinueeffective resistance. -&#39;0 -
With the recent election of the military junta and the swift crushing of those
Iwho charged that the election was rigged, the doom of any likely independent 
nen-
Iront" political activity in South Vietnam was sealed. _ .
Ruors and reports of jails bulging with political prisoners in South Vietnam,
and of intensive interrogations accompanied by torture as a matter of routine are
widespread. At the same time students and others who have been engaged vigorously
in non-Communist struggle movement activities against the Saigon regime say that
.many of their number are coming to the conclusion that the NLF is the only alterna-
tive to the&#39;corrupt, foreign dominated, militaristic Saigon government. They say
that many already have joined the Front and more yet are giving it serious considera-
tion. They say that the Front is growing in strength. They say_that U.S. policy in
South Vietnam is creating Communists. -__ &#39; -A
, .
&#39; The basic desire of most Vietnamese is for peace. All V
etnamese except the -
top leadership group have an enormous stake in peace; without it they cannot survive
as Vietnamese. Only the leadership group around Thieu and Ky has a compelling stake
in blocking peace moves. Most of them have a clear and unblemished record of fight-"
ing alongside foreign powers against Vietnamese nationalists. First it was the ..&#39;
French; now it is the Americans. &#39; _&#39; o &#39;
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&#39;" time financial stake which the leaders of the South Vietnamese Government have v
in the war is fabulous. Through graft and influence peddling they have access to "
.American dollars beyond their dreams under the French. And the entire golden 1 p
stream would be cut off if the war ended. They cannot afford peace. And they are a
the ones we are fighting for. - " "
This situation can be changed only by radical action by the United States.
This should follow along the following lines: * - ~
1. The United States should publicly acknowledge the failure of a basically_-
military response to the essentially economic and political problems in
Vietnam. It should declare its decision to initiate clearly stated and swiftly
phased military de-escalation and withdrawal. This would include cessation of bomb-
ing, of search and destroy missions, of free fire zones, etc., but it would go much
further and would be within the context of a total plan for withdrawal which would
not be contingent upon political choices made by the Vietnamese. -
2. iThe United States should withdraw its financial support from the Saigon
regime because of the graft, corruption, and war-focused character of
that regime&#39;s leaders and top officials.
3. The United States should release from all of the South Vietnamese jails
the political prisoners which are being held there, and it should -strictly
refrain from giving any support to governmental efforts to suppress the freedom of
any Vietnamese to engage in peaceful political discussion, debate, and public demon-
strations. Uhere police or other armed uits use U.S. arms to suppress such acti-.
wities the U.S. forces should disarm them. _
-la. The United States should organize emergency direct food and shelter aid
programs for people in need during the interim period of new political
mctivity which these measures would generate, during which the Vietnamese them- . "
selves would be deciding how long Ihieu and Ky would remain in power and who should
take their -place. &#39; a e _  &#39;
5. The United States should negotiate with whatever powers continue or emerge
in Vietnam during this period on the following matters: - _
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.b_&#39;1he complete withdrawal of U.5. armed forces. -
How -and in what forms." and quantities U.S. resources might be made
available for the rebuilding of&#39;Vietnam. - _ ~ - -
c.&#39;_Uhat safeguards might be provided for the safety of Vietnamese who have
been identified with the U.S. military intervention. This should in-
clude but not be confined to enabling some to emigrate. But the basic
--effort should be to encourage talks among the Vietnamese themselves which
would take into account the new situation and plan for the future, leav-.
ing behind the tragic past. _ _
If such a course were to be pursued it would involve many perplexing difficulties
many inequities, many cruelties and brutalities, and many compromises with what we
, as Americans like to think are our basic principles. I am gonvinced that the diffi4
eulties, the inequities, the cruelties and brutalities, and _&#39;92lhe compromises of our
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present course are far greater and far less manageable than these would be.
J t Some fear an admission by America of defeat, or of having been wrong. In my _
mind such an admission in this situation would greatly strengthen.the confidence
of people everywhere in American integrity and goodwill. In the long rum I think "
we as a nation would gain face rather than lose it, and that the world vould be
better off. I am sure the Vietnamese would be. a -
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