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"llIlUI'lIlI'I' IOBIOVIII IITILLIGHCI II THE U. I.
. nu is an 18 page
tral feeeemhkec _1 .
The document deals elth recruitment tor Soviet _
letelllgeace to the U. B. on ideological baele and tor merce-
eery reaaone end points out that the Communist Party eel
heady made" eo to epeek tor such recruitment. The eerceeerieeet eeuree, aleaya have been and aleeye e111 be used by Letellt-'geace eervteee including the lovlete. J
the document tdeetltteawertoue ildivldulll each ee
Ihlttaker Chambers, Louie Budenz, Ilizabeth Bently, and ethere
end their recruitment tor Soviet l8p10lllI8. The Boeletm the
et their recruitmente and em ehat bamte they eere recruited.Publicity had been afforded molt, 1! lot all et them, et titted document prepared
I! vision It III
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TEEIHJTIORSHIPGIIHIKUIIBT I111! ll
IUGIIUIIIIIIIQIII
This is a 15 page docuaaat excluding aourcao all
bibliography! prepared in October, 1949, by tho Bureau!
Qentrei Eeseareh $229 -i 22.1.; graatoat pr: oi ting iota!-
tion is taken iron various public oouroo aatorial and ouch
authors as Joaeph Stalin, Iao he-tang, Joseph Itarobia, -
Iilliam 8-. foster, Frederick 7. P1016, Iari Broader, and other
american pro-Communist and pro-Boviat varitora and any pro-
Comnuniat and pro-aoviat publication including the Daily
Iorker. However, inioraation Ian not torth on D189 6'! attributoll
in one place to "a highly ooatidantial aouroo" and in anothar
place to "a roliabla informant. It ia holiovod that than
aourcoa oara adoquataig ooncaalod aad nan ii tho aocnaaat Iaro
aado available to the Ooaauniat fatty, IA, tho idoatity at thosources could out be dotoraiaod. _!
The document aaa diatrihatad to tho attoa-aay oaarai,
Secretary oi Itata ana various othor individuals in tho iatalli-ooauaunity in an llnitod ltataa,%i1%- mm. 1. . at ll!document , aa aotod, oonaiatod alaoot ia its oatiroty of
aaterial taboo tron Il.l'I.0IlIl_I1'1iOl'I and publication Ionic! taro
had an oftoct on tho 'mroaa'a oporaiioaa at that iioa aor ooaidit conceivably lava any ooot on tho Ia:-aau'a operation: today!
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~ 'm when into:-uovod by Bureau Agents,adnittod his aapionago activltiai and ltatad In tint 01:51:06in those activitloa in about 1938 with one Richard Brigga.Ihrnuzh Briggs In meta a kn0In soviet ailt.* prvldad mm and, following up a;:n,i~took 1 tho :11 oz I1 oontidontxal up-art: vhichj ma aathe Iutnan lodac Conpan loclmltar, In York. In continuedtoaaatunwl:-lIItoa1a1a19-40. OnIaptcnbar , 50, was aantoncod to 15 you-a tor W
conspiracy to malt aapionago.
It ta not tolt that I1! P111157: knoilodgo 0! thisaaaa would have had any advarao attact on Burnt: operationsduring thta lavaattgatlon or would have any advoa-an attestIla bureau operations today.
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the United States. Ihile tbie 1: pure epeculetlon, it lebelieved 10:11:01 because we do know that i end?E m nelbere of the loaenberghetvork who Iere known
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For 30 years before he dripped to _' ' " -
Russia in 1963. Britain: upper-crust ' , ---
agent H. I. Philby lived one of the moat M
Successful-»-erurl treacherous--lies in all
apydont, and London hunt! recovered yet.
Minnow.
N January. I963, Harold AdrianI Philby. known to all as Kim.
disappeared from Beirut, where
he was working as a correspondent
of two British vreeklies, The Observer
and The Economist. Soon afterward.
Edward Heath, then the Government
spokesman, announced in answer to
a question in the House of Commons
that Kim had sltipped lo the Soviet
Union. He added that. contrary to
what his fellow spokesman Harold
Macmillan had said in 1955. Kim was
indeed the third man" who had
tipped off his fellow traitors Donald
Illaclean and Guy Burgess in I951.
enabling them. too, to defect to
Russia. ,
It was only about a year ago lhal
bits and pieces of evidence began to
add up. The clean es-cape of still
another traitor, George Blake, from
'W0l'l'l92Irond Scrubs Prison in umdnn
H1966 had been I pointer. Eleanor
Fhilby. Kim's last wife in the West.
was now aeparated fro-n him and
rcadytotallr. ltlooltedaslfwe
had underrated his importance as a
double agent. The Sunday Times of
-London started a worldwide investi-
gation and hired me as consultant.
Our report has appeared over the last
month and has startled many people
in the United States as well as Britain.
To lodge from Foreign Secretary
George Brow-ris antics It l-IR Savoy
Hotel on Nov. I, it has startled him.
So ifs worth saying-mnu-ary to
Mr. Brown: assertion then to The
Sunday Times publisher and other
diners that tht report helped the
Rus5ians"thIt it Contained nothing
which the Communists did not know
already. though it probably had the
salutary etlect oi showing them that
we knew more about their subversion
than they suspected On the other
hand, It told the public in the West.
who are not babies, some serious
farts of life which they have every
righttoknowandto]l-ldgethetn-
selves. OI course, the authorities
would have prelerfrd to continue to
live a quiet life with iose facts under
the carpet, where they had lain for
I0 long.
My Foreign Office duties in the
nineteen-fties and early sixties had
GEOFF!-[Y l4eb£lM0 l"l' 'sp¢at I1
years in be lritirh Diplomatic Service.
Ht aw writer on far-ei|a ailairar _ __-
plaoed roe iairly and aquarely in the-
rniddie of the Anglo-American intelli-
gence onrnrnunity. For some years
I Chaired the Joint Intelligence Com-
mittee, which included representatives
of our intelligence departments. Sir
Patrick Dean. now British Ambassador
in Washington, was my itnrnediate
boss liepresentauves at the C.l.A.
sat in on our meetings, and in return
the representative of the British
Secret Intelligence Service. otherwise
called M16, was right in on the
American intelligence setup in Wash-
ington. Philhy had been that man
from 19491:» issi. inl955.1be|r|e
Foreign Office adviser to the chief of
the S.1_.5., Sir Dick White. This, as
we shall see, was another crucial
year for Philby.
As a result of my position I was
it-ts bewildered than some by these
chilling developments r knew mm
experience that deception was one of
the cardinal principles at espionage.
Many of my best friends were spies
-but spies in their on-n uzamtries
iinerest.
ilfhile the public at large was
unned by the news, the author-itau
were elamming up. But portentous
questions remained. Could this highly
respected member of M16 really have
been a Communist agent at the same
time? If ao. for how long? What
about security? Flow did he get away
with rt in I951. when the C.l.A. and
the F31. as well as his own service
were hot on his trail? Finally, what
Inspired a cultivated member of_the
British upper classes to do this bru-
tally disruptive thing? It all made
James Bond look like a mllltspp and
his exploits like small beer. .
As with all of us, Kim: parents
and upbringing provide some clues.
His father, St. John Phllhy, a scholar
of a top British school, Westminster.
and of Cambridge University, as Kim
was also, began lile as a conventional
member of the Indian Civil Service.
Kin: was born in India in I912. ltrt
SL John became decidedly eccentric
astimewenton. 'WhenII"'tr6tn'ret
him in C-also M1946 he had become
the personal adviser ol King lbn Saud
and a Moslem. He had been briefly
lnterned in Britain during the war on
[rounds of doubtful loyalty. and lived
by preference in Saudi Arabia ll-ll
nonnal-looking English wife told me
that she was quite happy to put tll
the veil and live in the harrrn. II _-.. I __
heard old St. John tell his son that
he must always carry through to the
bitter end whatever he thought right.
Kim has certainly done that, and sur-
passed his father in outrageousness
hrto the bargain.
I WAS at Cambridge in the early
thirties with lfhilby. Maclcari and
Burgess--what a 1-nob!-though I rnet
them only when l was a diplomat in
later ytnrs and then only casually.
Looking back, I can nee, with an
effort, how the atmosphere at the
university could lead to pro-Cornrnu-
-nism among some intellectuals. Brit-
_iah society then was stuffy and eon-
servative. The ruling Tory party was
both pompous Ind ineffectual; "I2
ubor party just plain ineffectual.
Hitler had appeared and no one was
doing anything about him. War was
on the way and only the Communists
seemed really interested in averting
it Consequently. a good few intel-
92
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without. of course, troubling to lee
how far real conditions tn the Soviet
Union justified their idealistic hopes.
few turned toward the United States
because again out of ignorance, they
tended to consider it remote from
European affairs, brash and over-rich.
Most or these men, having "gone
Communist in greater or lesser
degree, had the good sense to turn
away again, but not Philby. lie be-
came not merely a Communist but
a carefully controlled Communist in-
telligence agent in I933, while still
at Cambridge. Thus. from the age oi
21. his life was wholly dedicated to
two things: passing on to his Moscow
masters as much valuable information
as possible about Britain and the
United States, and deoeiving his
friends and colleagues in doing so.
It is difficult to my which gave him
more pleasure.
lit other words. for 30 long years,
Phllby lived a lie every moment of
,,,_lQ.t':ttilli turned ID the extreme left, Confir|u¢d on Prlgll!
it die cady thirties beiort: going to worl -_ ~ 92
for Moscow-in liha British Govemrnalll. -DQIILD I-incl-I-I-+f¢' qt-SQ Qnd _ Q _Fhilby were al together at Cambridge 6
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little extra napkin placed in the center
of a Kotex napkin, where ii can do the most good.
It protects like two napkinsyet feels like one.
because ii is less bulky around the a - _ » -
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ll R,. .3 .Double Agent Plulby Cont!
Frorn Page 87!
the day and night. He anar-
ried tour wives; he produced
five children; he had plgnty of
mist:'es%s; he tire:-.i-. like e
tish. I-it was handsome, soci-
ally easy. The only outward
sign of strain was a stam-
met, which rrlriliin intensity
and which some girls found
attractive. in all this career
oi duplicity. he slipped only
three times, and in different
ways he got away with it each
time.
B-iIl_lBt"S first assignment
alter Cambridge was, typical-
Iy. to appear to be a-pro-Nazi.
He went into journalism and.
like many British enthusiasts.
rushed oft to oover the Civil
war in Spain. but with a dif-
ference from most. of his
friends-tor he went to the
Franco aide for The London
Times and earned a Fascist
decoration for his devotion to
duty. This was no mean be
ginning for a young double
agent.Like llaclean and Burgela.
Philby found no difficulty in
avoiding the call-up. A lot
could be done through inu-
ential friends in those days.
He had a spell with the British
Expeditionary Force in France
as The Times war correspond-
ent, and returned to Britain in
1940 with the remnants of
that force. Now the big at-uti'
really began.The Soviet Secret Service
already had their agent in the
British Diplomatic Service in
I'll!/-- It-..... -n--u.4-¢..-....- » - t .the shape of Maclean. He was
coming along well. Burgess
was buzzing about around the
edges of the B.B.C. where
he was able to inuence the
oontent of a aeri oi news
commentaries! and the F.0.
Foreign Office!. What better
than to plant their ablesi man
oi ail, Pbilby. at the very cen-
ter-in the British Secret in-
telligence Servioe tt.92el.f.
mat ' had existed foraorne tm , but in a highly
amateurish way. its heads
were by tradition retirenrnem-
hers at the fighting forces. of
less than the highest caliber.
This tradition has, thank God.
been di:-ent:.":"-cc! ever the
last I0 years.! Its members
were recruited in the "old boy
net." The bead ot the service
at the time was a retired ma-
jor general who was a mem-
ber of White's. one of the most
Old-World clubs in London's
Old-World St. .la.mes's. 1-le and
one or two other close cronies
would discuss possible re-
cruits over the claret, port and
cigars. They all agreed that,
provided a man came from a
good family, school and uni-
versity like therr-.:i92.-es. he was
to be trusted. Not so the lesser
breeds. And you oouldrrt be
quite sure of the clever ones.
Consequently. not all the re-
cruits in those days were as
bright» as they might have
been. Philby was of the right
social background. presenta-
ble. highly intelligent. but not
a long-haired chap. He tilted
his drink and knew how to
hold it. He admitted to the
youthful follies of having been
both a Nazi and a Communist
sympliiilzer. rt course. he
said, those days were over. So
the youthful excesses were
laughed off and it was reck-
oned to his credit that he had
come clean about them. Secu-
rity was considered a bit ot a
bind any-way while there were
urgent clandestine matters to
be done. Kim was welcomed
with open arms.
HE flourished. As so-on asthe Spviet Union became our
ilty .n June, l%l, cutters
were even easier for him than
before. He tool: a hand in
organizing the Special Oper-
ations Executive S.0.E-l
branch of the S.l.S.. I I01 0!
swashbuckling amateurs who
went around blowing things
up and helping to organize re-
sistance movements in Europe.
lie collaborated in setting up
the American Office of Stra-
tegic Services under the well-
named Gen. "Wild Bill" Dono-
van. This developed after the
war into the mighty Central
intelligence Agency. Thus he
III YURI TIMES I-lilllill
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rn
was in on the ground oor of
not only the British but also
the American espionage organ-hntioo.
Wlien the United States
came into the war. all was
apparently sweetness and light
between the Western and East-
ern Allies in the anti-HiUer
coalition. But it did not take
the Soviet Government long
to fudge, correctly, that its
most dangerous enemies in the
tong run would be its Allies
of the rnorrient, the Americans.
Philhy had a particular dislike
of American power and mate-
rial nlccess. and he was de-
Iightnd to be told by hloanow
to step up his spying on them.
Then, by a combination of
luck inside the S.I.S. and judg-
ment by Fhilby. the perfect
opportunity for his double
game was afforded him. 1lie
British on their aide realized
that they were ln for a long
tussle with the Soviet Gov-
ernment In I944 they let up
a powerful oounterespinage
section to keep a sharp eye on
their Communist Allies. You
can guess who was appointed
head or it.
RILBY now had it really
made. As head of this depart-
ment lt was his duty to aee
all the vital intelligence he
mould, whether from British,
American or other lnuroes.
Any interci-ptions of Soviet in-
telligence were his business
too. and he was responsible
for muntering all clandestine
operations or subversion at-
tempts by the Communists.
Since he was, unknown to his
British employers and Amer-
ican friends, involved in some
of these in his dual role, the
central power tor evil which
he wielded was enormous.
Added to this, he of course
knew the organization of both
the British and American
secret iiervioes in detail and
could betray it to the Russians
as it developed from day to..;92<
day. It all sounds almost too
had to be true. It was-
alrnost. .
Phi1by's first slip ocuirred
in A"8"-L 1945, over what ls
known as the Voikov ease. A
Russian using that name got
in touch with the British Eni-
hassy in Turkey and offered
to defect. He undertook to
bring with him a lot of invalu-
able information on the or-
ganization of the Soviet Secret
Services and in particular on
its agents in British Govern-
mental departments. The ease
was referred to Philby as head
of the oounterespionage de-
partment, and he was warned
ofa time li.rnit which the Rus-
aian had 2t. Clearly Volltov
was a threat to him and his
Iletworlr. I-Ie therefore took
action. at a leisurely pace,
behind the tunes. By the
time he arrived in Turlrey,
Volkov was no longer, to use
a polite word, available. In
tact, he had been removed
feet first in a Soviet military
aircraft. It strucli a colleague
of Fhilbys at the time that
either he had been highly iri-
competent, which was not his
habit, or that he had been up
to a double game.
But his colleague assumed
that Ml5, the Security Service,
which corresponds roughly to
the F.B.I., would be onto that
point. They were. but not
with much force. No noticin-
aive evidence urrie to llght.
Philby got the benefit of thedoubt. "
The C.l.A. was mt up in
I947, and H-iilby along with
his British colleagues were re-
garded as elder brothers who
had helped to advise on Its
organization. But before go-
ing to Washington to corn-
pound his treacheries, Pl-iilby
went in I94-6 to be nu! the
land of his masters. I-Ie took
over the highly important
Istanbul station, from where
it was his duty to operate not
only into the Soviet Union butk-- ezj-:-*3
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The disposable flttar lchanges ti-om pure iINN lb brown. @-Iwttl avor tarnaiaa ;the same. Brlllndaa _
time-r. with ban ii|~ 92llaad flltara, boned: I150. Other De-Nico .tolholdetsfromlli.
DIKDI-Ilcatal rI'|awodovorIdlnowloQaI'iat11ul-Taalflactnriarwldlalllair
prarnaamoriqoortriga
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loorIIi?YiaLToaL0aILWainuLuidoiwna1Jortattyadvwrtiaadhran¢a.
Nww patta-ma are avaitaboa ai designer apaoieatloria Ardilladulat
I nanalirip hi 'l'aaL walriirtar'id'Roaaiaond.
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andyoudonteven havetosddaugar!
Quaker: two Diet Frosted cereals have [ewer calories per serving .tall any other lti_nd of cereal! A lull cup of Diet Frosted Rice Pus
u only 56 calones;Wheat Puffs only SI. Whats more. Diet Frosted '
1 already sweetened to adult tastes. But not with sugar.
92
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m "'"""'"ltrtmL
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line the commimisiuxam.
He operated there all right.
bl-It mt quite in the wsytttis
head office in London la-
tended. A-U I-I135 tithe ll-B col-_ i. ' ' ~_.
league Haclean was
away most eftectively
United States atomic
horn his post in thellllfinon the
IBCIEIS
British
Embassy in Washington.
Ey sass. Philby".
though still only 31. was ready
Ior the top it-vb in the field-
by both Western and Commu-
nl-Bt estirnation-the Washing-
ton station. Here he was in
the most intimate daily con-
tact rm! the C.l.A_ and the
l'.ll.l. The Vollrov case was
towgot-ten. 1-le was regarded
by the Americans as just about
the able-st British operator.
and relations between the
clandestine organizations were
perhaps closet than they had
ever been.
EVEN the abject failure of
a joint C.LA.-5.15. operation
in Albania did not Shake his
position. In the spring of
I950. after what was consid-
ered due preparation. we tn-
llrated well-armed bands into
Albania whidi, according to
our intelligence. was about
ready to throw oil the Soviet
yoke. Success there might
hove !!-!¢ tar-reaching conse-
querices in stimulating unrest
throughout Eastern Europe.
But there was no question of
success. ltwasm fiasco. The
infiltrators were methodically
met and slaughtered. About
50 per cent oi the force oi
Soosrruggledbaclt intoreece.
The Clot. man who organized
the operation with Philby has
no doubt now that trelchery
was at norlc and that the
treachery was Pl1ilhy's. But
once again it oould not be
pinned on him.
Philbya neat slip-up fin-. L
in-lea an great says}: a
double agentindlelven. He
Was. inaaen_se.foroed lntnlt
by his traitor oolleagues Mae-
lean and Burgess. Burgess
was a grubby homosexual
who, amazingly. was ap-
pointed to a good post in the
British Embassy in Washing-
ton when Philoy was there.
He soon dre-i iintivoribie
attention to himself by his
stupid behavior. Philby re-
mained friehdly with him. in
spite of this and of the hot
that he was not even In effi-
cient Communist spy. I-le was
soon sent back r lnlid by
the Ernbassy.
Haciesn was another kettle
of fish He had procured in-
valuable atomic information
lor his Mos-cow masters. but
he cracked under the strain ofha. 6.. - - as I nla doohlv life. 2.. Cam: and
later in London his days and
nights were a whirl of drunk-
enness, violence, homosexual-
lty. and so on. M15 began t
keep an eye on him though
astonishingly. he hid lieu
given an important post it.the F.O.
The time ume. in May.
"I951. when these two realized
that Brihain was no longer a
healthy plane for them. Hwy
were tipped off by the fthird
and let: at e moment's
notice tor the Soviet Union.
That tird man was Philby
Or was he? - .
The CJJL and F34. nan
no doubts about ll. HIS was
practically certain. But his
own service, M16, reacted dif-
ierently. Dammit. the teller;
a gentleman. one of tts. was
the attitude it overlooked the
fact that Maclean and Burgess
came into the same category!.
Then there was no love Ion
between 5 and 6. rather as is
the case aonwtnnes between
the CIA and the F_B.l. More.
there seas strong anti-Arnen
lean teeling in M16. based
mainly on envy of the tre-
mendously increasing power
oi the C.t.A_ some MIG men
pointed out irrelevantly that
the United States was not
blameless in the matter of
spawning traitors. Finally.
Pl-tilnyr defenders asserted
that he was a victim at Ide-
Carthyism.
Thiiby was Iecoiieti irorn
Washington and interrogated
by his service and KY5, His
tactics were to sit tight and
keep mum. A friend of mine
who knew him well said rst
he almost drove his inl.em:-
galors up the wall by his ob-
stinate ailenoe. This same
friend. who kept in touch with
him right up to his defection.
said that until i'hilby's own
confession at the end of I962
be could not believe what
proved to be the truth. i-ie
commented that, while he
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in Prestige Ir-tout-otter only nnal! reproductions selected fortheir hue wlon and ldallty In Ilaorlll-Ill. Qooaa from our IILIH Ollladaarara. Modern CoarempnnnanIllrllaoa. kldampq, Ialtginua Bublqzta. "ll ft: in Pr-tor-Onr.rolehorahnl fl" Hall order! mnlully Ill.
HIIIIIIUII boaohnriiarlnrpoabage. llaurlnq and handling.
UISTIEIEIIBIIUBENCE BOOK OF PIN!LIT IEPIODUCHONSr--a__Largest [hide In Inapdllll Ivollcbll Gllr .toms ovar t2,w|| odes 1 -hy LII arttm [flar-fa-Ill-Ia ovor IJW Irproduromrrs Q-.80 pp.
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bailtrims
IYC
I PMPrestige Prints.
Ialldwfhuilaprakiqg
dlirwrohi
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owmw
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CIEOLF DEUCACIBnew on aarvr oauaau
srurrstaar FIHEITB
/ 92Fr-'ae It ll l.adala.
I Ilvaarve "- Q-ll incomparable flavor. -_.»Iall-alla_ re-as --iIirh one pail -iraas-5-aallad Ilioood 'dacrae ho of god
It-yililal H --.__,__-
annnn RI!rttaal-G-I fl-I-Iar-was-rlaaaooaraaoolneyavraa
IIIIHILIIE
la.alaa:=o
56?»?-_Blq the aaorll'a paahol It h |'eIon libs. Oaao-aic.tie.rr¢pe<:ahn| , ls I ossfble that Phil]: ' -it1* nountstrmurs c ii ' _ ._ _
a ' Hf Ar 1'35
now ea frsple agent? '
lilred Philby and admired his
professional skill. he was never
sure what made him liclt. My
friend was not alone in this.
From my few meetings with
him in the Middle Fast in the
forties and fifties l remember
an apparently normal member
of the British upper class-
amusing, intelligent, good-
looking. He always drank
more than he Should; so did
a good many other people in
diplomatic circles. J never
found his atarnrrrer obtrusive.
Perhaps he was in a relaxed
mood on these particular occa-
lions Llke many others who
knew him far better than l
did, I noticed absolutely noth-
ing suspicious about him.
RIILBY had to be removed
from the 5.1.5., but no more
stringent measures were taken
against him, because the case
was not p.-'ov£." mint
was made in statements in the
House of Commons. l was
able to see for myself that.
happily, close collaboration in
the intelligence sphere he-
tween Amerimns and the Brit-
i.s.h was resumed.
In the twilight years that
followed 1951, Philhy lived,
poorly, on odd bits of journal-
ism or anything else that came
his way. Most of his British
friends remained faithful to
him and helped him as and
same they weld. Ek
linued lo drink and Wench as
much as he could afford to.
The charm remained. M15
watched him. and he watched
them watching him. Clearly
his Moscow masters were m
toudt with him and instructed
him to play it quietly. He hashardly done by. So they now
gave him aemioffieial hacking
In getting the Middle East
corresponclenrs lob on The
Observer and 'lhe Economist.
Centered in Beirut, be could
travel widely and make useful,
to him, Communist contacts
all over that part of the world.
Shortly after this. Sir Dials
White became head of S.l$.
As head of M15 he had bed
grave suspicions of .l'hilby's
loyalty. He decided to make
the most of a bad job and
gave him some small assign-
ments in the hope that he
would betray himself through
his conduct of these oper-
ations. I became Foreign
Office adviser to White later
in 1956. I can confirm that
Philby never tripped up.In his spare time he seduced
and married the American
wife of an A.rnen'oa.n journal-
ist who was a elose triend.
l-lis father, St. John. robust as
ever in his 70's. visited Beirut
and father and son had aome
lively parties together. How-
eier, the nightclubs finallyproved too much for the old
chap, and he died, uttering the
memorable words: "I'm bored."
l-lis son was shattered by his
death.
YET another traitor enters
the Fhilby story at this point-
George Blake, who had doubt-
less %:= under with;-s 92'§'u 'ar"
trol in the good old days when
he was riding high. hid done
his diabolical worlt as S.l.S.
man and double agent in
Berlin from 1954 till I959. and
he felt he deserved a rest. So1 92
.
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<ii-offH IondF tun '_ym Iuwwnr 92
§.'.";.r" I?rl'ldPi-ogre '§'.!.=....'°"""-1-K-L """""|i..m§It entire ll!-pine uilemioa. I Idol $01.
Plane
Mldrnl
Q! _!n92e _Zir&leI
J
I See Section 11
in todays Times
The
Altman._ 7 ._' 1
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Look into Contadina el-
' NEW SLICED . ' A
BABY TOMATOES ; --
ripe n ready like fresh .
~"' . "' - ""'l"'"-"T'*r~'i-'-'=r*="~"""*;; r J *-0, - * "1'72 ' ' . ' .L 'i.Tri~1-9" . . .-.';1l"_'."' " i ' *5.-.;.~ I. .
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§;¢"'"Y h=" l1=§|1 wmames go-Qlioed in youriisalads. sandwiches and gm tr;$abyT_omames£romConmelina.1hey nishcs. Anywhere you want lopput a
-__.iooi; and taste iiieiresii i'omaioes'- _ ins-y-red,iintotrratoi'lit-e.Loo'-an.-,i-re, W 2
1-so 11-=rr= elwwys in season. rip: mi Iloandthem today-ra.:wCantadina' .ymdrbiwur ; .5? I. _ . ._ .:.r__=.t VA __ _.V-; - _ --__ _. .r .: V_V,__,:?:§-rr .'_=i"--_-¥;_- lt> - - - -- ..
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- '- .....- -. . .-.1-._ _£sra'..-ze-.1-ee-::-.-9'. e-r.:e:=e=~2-. *'::*=e-9-I-1! 1..
92. .__J I
Z: Tit!
~.! -. ~_ __
.¢ _& '
was aent to Beirut in Decem-
ber, 1962. to have it out Now
Philby saw the game was up:
perhaps even he ieii he hid
played It long enough. Be-
sides. he was sure he eould
go where he moat wanted to
be. .
Phllby cortfesaed to his still
incredulous Iriend. Among
a long list of treacherous acts
he confessed to being the
"third tn!!!" in 1951. Allen
Dulles had no doubt of this
when he wrote about the mat-
ter in 1963. And this is gen-
etally accepted. Ii a lurking
doubt still remains itis be-
cause Philby's whole ll:le was
devoted to deception and parts
of his confession could well
have been bogus -too. I-le
might have been protecting
the real "third man" so that
he oould continue his activ-
ities among us.
HAD I been in his interro-
gators place I would have felt
strongly inclined to slip Philby
a Micltey Finn and whip him
oll' to London. But the letter
of the law e.-es strictly eb-
aerved. Philby was still inno-
cent until proved guilty by
due iudicial process. And it
was thought that the Lebanese
authorities might have le-
aented lirm action of this kind
-which I very much doubt.
It would, of course, have been
useless for his newspapers to
summon him back; he would
not have obeyed.
And ao. taking his time to
the last. and deceiving his new
wife inst as he had deceived
ihe Fest of them, Philby med:
his arrangements to depart. A_
Iew wt-elts later. in January.
I963. he did so. by night on a
Soviet ship.
His son John Philby visited
him in Moscow last September.
He reported that Kim 'was
looking younger and more re-
laxed. His stammer has gone.
True .to form. he has removedv-----e---t.-e-_;-._-.; M-. __-__ -,,- :..r __ . - . ,. g, ~...--- .._ - -92--o--- --92---, .. 4,-5-q§,v...'. .., _ ._ . _ I"P"'W-". _
-_ _ - 1
-. I =- '-i
l
r
M.lcleat92's Aanerican wife. Me-
linda. from him. without both-
ering to inform his legal wife.
Eleanor. This epy has some in
from the cold. Or. in Kim's
own words. I have come
home."He has been joined by his
eolleague in treachery. George
Blake. who was easily re~
moved from his London prison
by his Communist friends
Kim holds an important posi-
t.ion in the K.G.B.. the Soviet
Security and Intelligence De-
part-rnent. Between them. they
ahould have many more years
of activity in the cause to
which they have devoted their
lives.
One theory is that Phllby is
now a treble agent. busily
penetrating the K.G.B. in the
Western cause. It is tme that
with Philby almost anything ispossible. But this. I fear, is
wishful thinking. I-lad it ever
been a remote possibility. it
would by now have been
blown to pieces as a result of
speculation about it in the
West. I believe what Kim
said straight to Eleanor when
aha went to see_him in Mos-
cow in October. I963". That he
bad dedicated himself wholly
to the Communist cause since
his student days and would
stick to it rather than to his
family. I believe the judgmentof a close friend of his who
told me Philby did it from
"idealism," however grotesque
that may seem.
There are all too many signs
of disagreement and disrup-
tion in the non-Communist
world today. Men like Philby
and their agents everywhere
will be qulcl: m recognize my
weakness - human, political,
economic--and to exploit it
to the full.
The supply of traitors un-
ltapplly always seems ample
to meet the demand. Since
the very tuture of humanity is
involved. it is up to us all to
ponder the lessons of the
macabre Philby story. I
NEW YOIK TIMES IAAG-llllll
e V , 92' .» .|..e_-...n&aa's-nu-.._,.. - __ .,.,,,___ ir
.
i
i
K; ' 1-IIIIJIIII .I1 »
Q i _ Z IQ 11 ' W
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ID-»t| ,lI'1I Q JIIHII? 11] Q58
Director, I'D! it
mom mam: aussxu. IIIIIJI,
lkl Kin Philby
rm»-a _
la you are aware, aubjoct ia the Io:-nor Iii-'6 British
Intelligence Service! otticer and admitted Soviet agent who tied 3;
to Russia in 1963 and is atill there. Ia vaa in the SL8. tron '5October, 1949, until June, 1951, as up :1-0 liaison l'epresen- atative accredited to the Bureau. Q , ;_
,|
[
.
I
f/
I
!5 i
rParis ahould be alert :0: the puhliqation @92thio
aaterial and'Iubl1t eopiaa oi all articles to _;he Buroau. Daria -i
ahould tux-niah to the Bureau by appropriate aethod,_Q:§ communication A;aumariea oi any aigniticant reterencea to tbe'1Bur1"g_.'0! %
C21-London -T Q;
9 3.; Foreign Liaison Unit Route throzgh for review! '3
sf 7'°L"" 3
Zé;
.M-umMnc"_ .A _t _ _ h, _m _ _ :_ M E
92'UWIOH-ll Iounlo. I0 |m|!-mg M _::: :2. ::'.'r°:.c ., l e 1
E" _ UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
Memorandum
FROM : W. A
KK @SUBJECT rmnom ADRIAN Rusigr. PHILBY,Also Known As Ki hilby
ESPIGHAGE = RUSSIATo = Hr. W. C. Sullivan DATE February 6,'1§68
1_*k
7-ii_.___
J AW 92,
0
I
,1
The 1/30/68 issne of "The New York Times" reports that
been purchased by the*%:§:e Eggss for a reported»sum of /vb /»g
$50,000. These memoirsware expected to be published in Hay92tthe American book and. hine rights to Phi1bys memoirs have
or.-June under the title of "My Secret War."
L--""/ 71
L
I
1
V 5 -'~"°" meow mam: RUSHQIIMY,1 .Mem0raa4Zum e,
1° = llr. I. c. Sullivan
1
Q FROM Z ! . Aone February 23, 1968
-
i Also Known As Kim Philb i , /' t _ Y-",5/2 /- ESPIONAGE - nusen// ' 1
Reference is made to my memorandum of 2/19/68 whichr sets iorth a review of the memoirs of Philby, former British
: intelligence officer and admitted Soviet agent presently in
= As indicated therein, his memoirs contain certain highly1 critical and derogatory remarks concerning the Director and[ the Bureau.
There is attached hereto a memorandumisetting forth
5 the various criticisms and derogatory remarks made by Philby
; concerning the Director and the Bureau and our comments thereto
i in order that you may be made aware of the trqe facts.
?
1* ACTION: ""
§ Hone. For your information- <'__*
I-I-4
my
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0
-
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I it 4I I 9u|.. .._ ' '
J1' W153 .. -=- '!g.'_~.:va4
Enclosure. Russia, which are expected to be published in the near iuturegiI
W
* .-¢gTw, TTTT . ,
' UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT A "'__
Memorandum Q ___
r0 : :11 I 9- e..1u._,.g.. ' ' A I II c no-n-1-Q - DATE: g
"*° = '- - xi
_ -,..n_ -q~x -
:5"-':....--
The purpose oi this memorandum is to comment on the
various criticisms and remarks made concerning the Director and
the Bureau by Philby, former British intelligence officer andadmitted Soviet agent presently in Russia, in order that ywplib
may be aware of the true tacts.5UWE°T= HAROLD ADRIAN RUSSELL PHILBY,
Also Known As Kim Philby
~ ESPIONAGE - RUSSIA
O
Philby's Statement: In Chapter'IV, Pages 87-88, Philby discusses
the eperailohs oi the British Security Coordination BBC! under
William Stephenson in New York which Philby states were regarded
"sourly" by the Director; that the real reason for the Director's
resentment was that Stephenson was playing politics in the
Director's own yard and that he never forgave Stephenson for
the part he played as "mid-wire and nurse" to the Office of
Strategic Servioe OSS!; that the setting up of the Legal Attache
Office in London, England, was to by-pass Stephenson by shifting
the weight of liaison to London. Philby further states that the
Director's career "has been}a1l politics." [ti 92 __
Q?
" H H FT - -.,r- .~ ....-_.-
k
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W
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--*-- W 33!:. wi
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Memorandum I. A. Branigan to I. C. Sullivan
RE: HAROLD ADRIAN RUSSELL PHILBY
l
Philhys statements concerning the Director's opposition
to the creation of OSS and the Director's career being a political
one are groundless with no basis in fact. Further, there is no
information in Bureau files that the Office of the Legal Attache
in London was set up to by-pass Stephenson. QIJ
Philby's tatement: In Chapter IV, Page 88, Philby mentions the
Bureau: fIrsttega1 Attache to London England as ArthurThurston who Philby states was "too perceptiveto stay long Jwith Hoover . . . '
Philbyfs Statement: In Chapter X, Philhy discusses his appoint-
meat in the Bummer of 1949 to succeed Peter Dwyer as HI-6 British
Intelligence Service! representative in Iashington, D. C., to
handle liaison with both the Central Intelligence Agency CIA!
and the FBI; that the FBI was extremely sensitive on the subject
of CIA and that his Job was to tighten the links with CIA and
loosen themvwith the FBI without the FBI noticing. FurtherPhilby claims that news of his appointment a d ' ppeare to upset
Hoover" and that "Hoover suspected that my appointment might
herald unwanted SIS MI-6! activity in the U.S." and that
Menzies had showed him a telegram he was sending to the Directorassuring him that Philby's duties would be purely liaison.'! _.
73o Ii
' IIIIIIIIIIII' 2 - CONTINUED f_QYE§> < M"Wmw
__ _ 1", .,__P
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92
92
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92
92
92
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It Ub .. ! P4
.Iemorandum I. A. Branigan to I. C. SullivanRi EiROLD ADRIAN RUSSELL PHILBY
Comment: The facts are that Philby as the representative oi
HI-5, the British counterpart of CIA, would or necessity and
actually did spend 90 per cent of his time in this country with
CIA on liaison matters. By its very nature, MI-6 had little,
if anything, to do with the FBI. Therefore, there is no basis
in fact to his statement that the Bureau resented Phi1hy's
relations with CIA. Iith respect to Phi1by's statement that
the Director was "upset" by Phi1by's appointment and that Menzies
sent a telegram to the Director assuring him that Phi1by's duties
would strictly be liaison, there is nothing contained in ourfiles to hear out either oi these statements. -
Philby's Statement: In Chapter X, Page 174, Philby is criticalof fhezfitish and FBI investigation to identify the leak in the
British Embassy subsequently identified as Donald Duart Iaclean!
because they had concentrated on nondiplomatic and minor employees
rather than diplomats. Again in Chapter XI, Page 194, he levels
the same criticism at the Bureau stating that it was inexplicable
to him because there could be no doubt that from the iniormationthis source was furnishing the Soviets he was a man oi stature. ]
3 CONTINUED - OVER e
, ,,_....,_-...--M ---H--4' _-_MkM___W__ __ V ....,..~--It -, ,_.,.._.__~...---e - ~ - - -- " '"U 1.. ....H.-_--
I W , W W
___ _ ,,r. . ...--TY
_.elnOranO.um Ia Ba '-'-ranigan U In Us DU-ll-J-V311an: mnom maxi nussnm. PHILBY
thanQ1
Philby's Statement: In Chapter X, Pages 178 and 179, Philby iden-
as a former FBI man "sacked" by Mr. Hoover for drunkenness on du'fifies as one of His contacts at CIA Wh0m he dB80ribBB
II
, , y s a es the
FE! was "In sorry shape" when he arrived in Iashington in 1949
b92
Phi1by's Statement: In Chapter XI Page 187 Philb t t
ecause of the Judith Coplon case and the Director madeillllllnullllllllll '' I
_ the principal FBI,witness, the scapegoat and tired hiqi|392'IY'
Phi1by's Statement: In Chapter X1, Page 188, Philby states that
The Bureau*s record in counterespionage was "more conspicuous for
failure than for success;" that the Director did not u ncover Iacle
Burgess, Fuchs, Lonsdale, and himself Philby!; and'wou1d not have
uncovered "the rest apparently referring to Harry Gold, the
Rosenbergs, the Greenglasses, at cetera!; and that Abel wasuncovered only because "Hayhanen delivered him up on a platterfm
- I - CONTINUED OVER
L%. F l: . . , MM INT1-NUEB _° §-tuna" ,3 i /._ , _ lQ .
, i we
Memorandum I. A. Branigan to I. C. 8
RE: HAROLD ADRIAN RUSSELL PHILBY
1;
Philby's Statement: In Chapter XI, Page 188, Philby charges
that the lrector has voluminous information in Bureau files
about the personal lives of millions oi Americans, including
a number of American Congressmen which has been used to the
Director's advantage and that the existence of the FBI tilingsystem has deterred many from attacking the Director. QID
Comment: The above charges are old and time-worn allegations
wic have been used many times by critics or the.Bureau suchas and are not only without basis in tact but up
utterly ridiculous.
Philby's Statement: In Chapter XI, Page 191, Philby discusses
The Klaus Fuchs case and claims that a brilliant piece of analysis
by Peter Dwyer, his predecessor, led to the development of Fuchs
as the sole suspect for the Soviet agent.who had worked at I!
Les hlamos, ew iexico. 92Ir'
Comment: As stated heretoiore, the identification of Fuchs as
te prIme suspect was made by the Bureau when we were able to
obtain a document at the Atomic Energy Commission which had beewritten by him. U
Phi1by's Statement: In Chapter XI, Pages 191 and 192, Philby
- obviously referring to Special Agent I
-Ii was a casualty of the Fuchs case when he ins unahle to
interrogate Fuchs, resulting in his demotion by the Director.
con'r1mn:1> - oven
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I Iemorandum I. A. Branigan to I.
RE: HAROLD ADRIAN RUSSELL PHILBY
Philby claims that prior to "Y departure for Inndon,
he Philby! and Geoffrey Paterson, the MI-5 representative,
advised the Director that Fuchs conld not he interrogated
because of Brit h law but that the Director refused to budgeand sent ii to London to conduct the interview. Philby
claims that he had called at W office when he heard
xi" was back and found someone else in his chair and that
lférfound W himself further down the corridor writing on
the corner of a desk in a small room occupied by four JuniorAgents . G!
Comment: There is nothing in Bureau files to show * -and Faterson had so advised the Director. - '
Q
Phi1by's Statement: In Chapter XII, Philby states that in order
to throw off {Be FBI, he advanced a theory to explain the disappear
ance of Iaclean and Burgess that Haclean had discovered he was
under investigation by HI-5 in London and used Burgess to make
the necessary arrangements with the Soviets for their escape.
Philby claims his theory was accepted by the FBI. "Ladd and
Lanphere both liked it, and, in a short interview I had with
Hoover at the time, he Jumped at it. In his eyes it had the
superlative merit of pinning all the blame o MI-5." Page 208! !Consent: A search oi en: tiles relating to the useless-Burges§"
matter has failed to disclose any information that Philby advanced
such a theory or that he had ever discussed the Haclean-Burgesscase with the Director.
. in./ -11>nf yI W. ,.
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92
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. 1. nnlbvm. new ho, no ' mo¢92u _:2 as ::.'.j.:.:. ., W-@ F _. 1 1. --UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT _ _' __'
Memorandum *3 '.'| -- I I
""liI _ . " . fl" E .s 5T0 = Ir. C. 1!. Dehoacm DATE !'ebruary_-'15, 1968 _,_,, '1?/ " "
FR¢5j_= I. C."Su11iva6 .*'i"'-- a
SUBJECT': 'JoURnALi l /M
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-9292
At this time in InteDivision we are reviewing the book that Philby has written
false d as a book of memoirs. It has an
kxi make about the
I. ll CID_r j~- be 1 1 date, 1t 1111 be made the latter* f-a separate nenorandun. v9292 . =
nscommnnxr ION: ' H '
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' . . the old deceiver stretches out his fingers once more and steals the only u1i»ig"ié?G>_ I
I
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92 I
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steal: the wife of Donald Maclean . . . John le Carrés appraisal of the Philby case »-!-
_ mm Prulby and M-elmda Maclaan waln lhrough me snow ln the pant an Moscow. Flclure by his son John 10 ;
"he ".;.W "i; l T e ?f
This is the introduction specially >n by John le Carré for Phil'by.' 1e if ll. The Spy who Betrayed a Generaiio , Bruce Page, David Leitch, and W y i
Phillip Knightley, a 312-page examination of the whole intriguing story. Publlshéertomorrow by André Deutsch at
305.. it is the Book Society Choice tor March, in Britain, and Book of the Month Club choice-fin the United States
upon the citadell and destroyed it from within. Yet hoch the
i avmgu Iadxcitakl
were larlelycieerinnsd
:heamehi.noricIlenn-
92.|.itim- TheavcqezwaeIheIuuol'IBri|iehllai;theciradelwas
dedicatedtolhepeaenalziondhritiah
power;hothhadheendispl.Ieedhythe
evIneecenceolthcEmpire.TheIven-i
jerwasanernhitterdeolitarywilhthe.
iarrogance cl I man familiar with
lhelen'aindpenonalphiloeoph.ies;
thelkrabian desert. He wouldrootlmntheoldfonwiththeindiercnce
idlhetirneleasiiihthecunningd
IheLevantineandIheImoralloyIlty
OfKipl.ll1g'!Ch0ICb0!I!¢ MI""
Iti.lloneeft.hem,alIarwiIhhirown
;Ih-ldi. Theavenger would desu-oy
;thepast;theciladeIIuu1dpreae'eit.
iYetitwuIpIstt.hcyhedincommon
In the unequal duel between Kim
iiilby rndlhellritish SecretSuvice,1
jnewdimeneinnislddetltolherela-
ltionship between the privileged
E-nglishmenmdtheinstitutiunwhich
hecollenively comprises. Lexanyone
whoderidesthenorinnol'theEa!ab-
hahme.n' lreadthiahook. .'
; IIithaC1ntrI,I.he1nlnuecriplp92lt8Ilj',IndttlChfOIl-belptphrllcsli
ou1:rage.Butnme_dm'nyetequal,
iemeaimemiemerihnwma-iiiui
Igrenrnovel,andan92mniihedoneat
c
J
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I
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t92
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92
l4ci't:heBt-itiahrulingelaaefotreluetant
betrayal and polite all-ptteaervatirn.
Hortleraly he played the parts which
the Establishment amid recognise-
for was he not been and lirainn into
the Establishment? Ellurtlcnaly heeopieditsat'timdet,eaug;htitsdi:id=it
atatnmer,itrheaitantarrogmee;ellot1-
leetlyhetookhisplaoeiniianameleas
hggdhnny. Sowellindeeddidhepezt-'
eeive in nature that years later, when
the leeurity aerv-in: and the Peercamemruspeethimiorwhathewas,
PhilbywasabletorallytheEstablish-
menttuhisaideandmanoeuvteitinw
pmteetinghimasitaown.
lti.s,lamstu-e,partdtheamhi-
valence of Phi1bys position that he
never altogether too: leave oi the
world he loreswore. He enjoyed the
Establishment; he enjoyed its camara-
derie, its inside Ind, its
warmth, its comforting distaste for
intellectual pywteehoics; to the very
ad he r=tuaiueu""*" u|:peuu.u:ut"" * rm the
people he @e.-i-wed. Hence, perhaps,
his extraordinary reluctance to defect
wussimhencehieeoulasionabroad;
hence no long and perilous hmitatitn
in Bdrut. Kim was homaick Even
ta.-eini-'..'a.*"e-=',hiso'.:setsioehmt
with R|.|.ssia,bm withngllnd.
Kim loved the absent parent best;
andevm thoughhehadmarkeddown
the parent author-ityof Englmdas his
lifelong enemy, Kim Philhy never
quite abs»:-!v@[email protected],ne.ru.92tel at?
toprotect. Andlthinktherewasevm
atnotnent-i:'npanderaekingup
when Philby wanted to be discovered
and punished [or what he haddonc;
and that moment alao came in the last
daysinhclnn.
here is little to be
learnt d Phileykor satised his treacherous impulle.
But whatever they were, they were
aeoocvilmthatooeeleetedrnothetwho
heldhishartzlltaaaia. l
AsdteauthoeittpcaI:dlydeemn-
nu-ate, Philby was not a political
animal. Wedonotndhimpltmged
inmmlgonydtbubtduringn
$talinP92 8=l=theDoctnri?tot,the
I-luogarianrevolucion. Imtimntaelate
tliecrisesitthiapenonalliietna-iaea
wi.thi.nthcClJmmunistworld:th.isI'I
not time nature oi eumenionent.
Motherkusiawasthebofsabunltrte.
We can tnly speculate about his
tn:it.ive,andwecantnlyg1.92eai:Ithe
scopedhisdecgit. DidP'hilbyinitiate
the operations he betrayed? Did he
propose the iniiltrdm inwbjchhelentagentamtheirduths?
Wehaewbamlydiednienpandthe
havochecI|ased;the¢0de5,Lhemen,1auppoeethatlmelligcntzisaworld
populatedhypeoplewehavenntmet
crhwwn. Theqrywotld Ieveald
h::e'unotaNibeimtgenlandahrot1ded_
indieentvet-ingmiatofGotlne' non-
92av ' t"
_I -~~ _1., .=.= .,,_ ,__ 1 WW W
________ I -"1-1'1 Po $-
There noun to he four dininct
atagesindrtablishmmrkattitude
mKimFnby.T'n=mnagcaocouots
iahhreuuionentz
Adecer|I,d:'d:||tboy,aonofoid
St faint; Wesln-rtirtsler and Cnrrtbl-idgi;
tswill New ; who vi rm W1
inomslaoutogttonuil-it in-lcllcctunlr
uiiiuandbcingianadniiiuiiuciriarusit.
aaoociltiun? Wad
Oau.OpentJ|:d'oovw:dlclIu'n|ia.
'Ihc|eooodstage,postl944,aoes
the Establishment in in
iudgment:
Ki:-rt ii iai u-Tu? 6 good oier-ow-
ll0laucltll|onra.iltAmerica:1sw11i-
duIn-h|-I,wI|enl|:wwnslob¢,pre-
Her-ideahm-d,liL.eshi.|dri.r|L
1audisabitof¢bcsmrdwithdugirLs;
jbllllltkniwmimiltrllane-Gtplllttbit.
'3-at-LI. J --'--'-n --U Lia]. II. -.-11,;-'--?; lq --.---5 um; --5". -1 - @081
wise lo choose Kim. And his Ldt-wing
associations? All got up by Ml-5.
Thetiaird atagc l'olloIwa the defec-
tion d Burgess and Macl, and is by
Y far the most intaeating, covering both
»1-- i.1_~¢ rim i--Ati tit Bat:ahIiah.o:n.Lhc betrayed that
itwaaimpoaaibléforhiaualleagtaestn
W F .-M - wee!
med III pturar: and y
exonerated io public. End: held mu,
with ntouishing gall, against what
aeemed to he a foregone conclusion.
Each ultimately inn the great weak-
nessofthesuhliahment: "Tk:'.:Club
does noiieciii-wt, ii-irari Frofwna
irnotahar,-:hirClubdoesnoI|locl
trailar:,lhae1oreKimi:||o!a¢rl'[or."
This Establishment is a self-proving
Thcfourthttagc£ol1ow92thercvela-
n-uthiiP£b3r FiiiSu"T'£i 51%-E
again we are aimply without hint-
ledge. Fmm the account given here,
w:oanonlyuaum:IhatI:he0ldS.LS.
instinct: reaacrted thunaelves. No
n92.hete:planatitn,cnthiacvhietn:,'u
5-*~...hlr_ it is the pl-__...=-'" at-'mp'Jw
uft.beauthorsoft.hiabookthattheoon-
temporary regime cf S.I.S. ia profes-
aiona1,0elE-Qiticallndcienh Rial
cnlybesaidthatontheeviduaoegiven
hercthosevirttieswcrc notappatcntin
¢= mwrmgmcnt e! Filly: %%
d!icia1cieannee92dPhi1byinthcI-louse
oftlnnlmaz
Kim has bun monsrrmtsly mis-
used. Hehubeenplaybtgadmmmdicult gun: flushing out Rusiau
tild his lclialu lune bun |ru'sinI:r-
prctadbyllolol 0|:-t.n'ders,:'ndu-ding
than lower class bl-rovm in He
mcyhancbeensbirnaughry burn-0
non. Wenmstgethivnbackonllte
92 mm. Alia, the voice p1==¢=t; Kim,
tpcrnmdzmymfrennlmuoflhan.
or how else are Ir
to interpret that
scandalous Mock Trial? A
good interrogator never
specics the charges,
neverrcvtalatlieenenlofhia- knowledge, ht-I not give to
his Iuapoct the condor! andaecuriryofbciogawompmiedbyhia
TO :
FROM :
SUBJECT:
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XL
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H i WI
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Yyr. X
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92
Omomn mm no. w solo-100 nu! nu nmow OH} din. Ilo. |u!.":r t I. %|i- '"' I
UNITED STATES GL :1RNMENT .. y
Memorandnrn Deboach - i
gr, 92|q_ Q, $u1=!§;A/' one; March 4, 1968 2*
us TI. A. Bran L E V
- .-. imam/I , I
BOOK REVIEW
"rsrraxan nan"
by E. H. Cookridge_
This memorandum is a review of the above captioned book. l
BACKGROUND
¥._/
This book alleges to be the "truth about Kim_§hi1by, '
double agent." Philby is the_former British inte1lTEence 3IIicer
who defected to Russia in 1963 and is still living there. Prior
to his defection, Philby admitte _ _ _ é______w' hat
he had been a Soviet agent during his whole career. He further
admitted that he had warned Donald Maclean, British diplomat and
also a Soviet agent of his impending arrest in 1951. Philby
said that he used Guy Burgess, another British diplomat and
Soviet agent, for this purpose. As a result of his warning, #
both Burgess and Maclean fled to Russia in 1951. Philhy, thr
his actions, earned the title of "the third man." Q"
THE BO0K' 92
the backérounds of
attended'Qambridge
to them as the
both in and out of' In-this'hook, the author traces
Philby, Burgess, and Maclean, all of whom
University in the early 1930s, and refers
unholy trinity. He follows their careers
the service of the British Government and shows how each
progressed in the employ of the Government. He claims that
Philby was the master mind who organized plans to obtain infor-
mation for the Soviets, Burgess was the cruel taskmaster whocarried out Phi1by's plans and Maclean was the weakest one of 0the three who was manipulated by the otifr into hetra i rhis country. 3 '_ "
COOK0
idge maxes a great many assumptions 1" .9 we ismake the story more plausible. For example, he, o se a *
umes that Philby was in touch with a known
ed in aoccasions; ass __Soviet intelligence officer if both were ftation cert£T
1"-'; A ~ D Q same time.j92§uch assumptions ca
_____ __ -___ ../xirQ B . GT CONTINUED ~ uvnu _'2g%5n§R:l99B 9292§g L// ;r"
..l-vM_-
-
a,1 - a "
. ; Harold Adrian Russell Philby- - I_- V . __, .__ , _ . ' - a.l.- 92_ - 7 ,' _ _ , -s I--. . '1 *"' ' 'Ii 92 -1,."
CIA in Washington, D.C., in 1950. According to *, had
, Philby not been exposed as the "third man" in the Bprgéss-
. Maclean spy case, he might well be head of the entire British
.. intelligence today. -_ r _ . I ._.____ __-
r__ ' *."' _ V i became suspicious of Philbyuinl Beirut ~w'ne_re,
,-"-_"-'- -ffat the end of long parties when Philby had been drinking ia _ "
_ . _ ;__.great deal, Philby would denounce-British" and 'American"'policies'I { in the Middle Bast. He took the position that the Middle East
'_- must not be exploited by the western powers and that Russia was doing the right thing in the Middle East. * said
p , Philby wasfollowing his father's line to some extent in that
.___92 __ Philby's father advocated the policy that the Middle"East
_ g should not be exploited. Phi1by'.s father, however, an in-' -II, -- .92-_ dividual of some note, never expressed any leaning towards l
-ii. . Russia. -This, according ton was where'Philby deviated 92
from his father's position. Philby never expressed these *
; feelings to except when he was intoxicated. _
felt these were Philby's true feelings on these matters which
Q caused him to become suspicious of Philby,~especia1ly in view
L _ of_ knowing him to be a British intelligence agent. - . '5"
92 ' _" ~ ._ s a ff!.-' 'I"'
92.~ . 4_ ' ' . " It is noted the "New York Times" dated July 3, 'l963,-3;
gg - page ten, in an article _captioned,"'Third-Man in Spy -Case'f,..;'::"_j- -_-
3? 3 describes Philby's father as "Harry St. John/Philby-au_§h_Q_r, "_,;;.'
desert explorer, Arab scholar, Hoslem convert, friendof,,u ;- T. E. Lawrence of Arabia and adviser to King Ibn Saud-wals
= - in the Indian Civil Service".
i speculated that Philby probably became
involved with the Russians far back in his career at the time "
he attended Cambridge University as a student.
Regarding Mrs. Philby,* said he doubted that
_ she was aware of Philby's involvement with the Russians. 1
_ I _ _, . __ > ,- | .,92 7 ' ' ." ~ ' 7 -{F t " 5 -'.- -' : .
5' l W 9? up. A92'|- M *. .92 .- 1..-._ .. . 7 --»44%$_-J 2....» -»*'I __ _ _ ' _ ___ _ t. .- .. .4 _ 1
_ e. u .
- Harold Adrianlilbselz-1' Philby also lcnovm as Kim Philby , _
' s said although did not know whether he was
ist Party {SP} member, %r.cted that it was fashionable
at Cambridge University, at the time Phiiby attended in the .1930?It 1116131 opinion Philby adopted socialism at that time Peta ed it all his life. .
' ' ' At the time Burgess and '1-iaclean disappeared in Z
1951, Philby was requested to resign and he did in fact "'**
tender his resignation which was accepted. He did this toavoid embarrassing the British Government. noted
at this point that Philby had previously received arT'a'iward from
King George VI for his service to the Government and that hehad
similarly been granted s decoration by the Franco forces
during the Spanish Civil war. related it was understand
ing that for the next three er four years, Philby imdereent ~- - 1;
severe hardship since he was attempting to earn a livelihood
for him and his five minor children in En lan .In 1955. - .Prime Minister Macvlillan "c1eared"&in Parliament 7
or any complicity in the Burgess and Maclean incident. He had
at this time obtained employment as a newspaper man and i
subsequently was assigned to the !-liddlc-East.
Beirut Le t e . . ~ n. - -,.-;-.. _ _. _ . . >1
= D It was_ >anon.I'met Philb throughl 3-
..
Y
1
K
N
92
Ito be a Communist and espouse the Communist philosophy,i ' r - . . - as, H4
.3-
u
o%.1_.;1 - Forei n iaison UnitW--JP11: lh if 7é Tv&f§Q5|..J. U_i _ 92l||h'|1.. FOOM LLETYPE UNITJ '..__._ ..,,,...V_ -..,...__e-_ A._...___.;g_,..._.V.,..._.._ ...,. _ _,.i ,_-=--.---....----i _
Q. ~'*1 92-___
_ ' :6 92'92j
1... , mm... time _ - 11/4/65
rector, FBI
mnom annmn ausssmfrnxtnr, aka
Kim Philby .
asp - n W
In connection with our continuing study of
activities of the subject as well as those of Donald
and Guy Burgess, it is noted that all three of these
attended Cambridge University. Philby attended fromthe
Iaclean
individuals
1929 to
1933 while Ilaclean and Burgess both graduated in 1934. Inaddition, Burgess remained at Cambridge as a lecturer for iii!
K year 1934-35.
From the information which has been developed, it '
appears that these three individuals began their careers which
led them to become Soviet espionage agents while at Cambridge.
For example, Haclean's mother stated that her son told her thm:
he had communist leanings at college. Further, information has
been received that Burgess was an active communist at Cambridge
and Philby has been described by a former tutor as a militantcommunist while in school. GI
You are referred to information furnished to u by
memorandum dated 6/25/63, captioned _
which reported information furnished y an erican
citizen, concerning his experiences while a s udent at ,
Cambridge from 1934 to 1937. During that time he Joined a
to the U.S. where he was contacted by several Soviet
>- _ intelligence agents
H
Y1 2;; Y°;k Kim, 55
~a1t v "*0/- 92.{$92student communist group and was recruited for work in theinternational field of communist On instructions he traveied
n
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a ' 92 T
F If -:36: -92 3°51, k " 92-U _ '
UNLED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
§ea Q*e92~.e / nzvanu. suaaw or INVESTIGATIO
If Reply. Phase Refs in -
' °- June 1&1 .1966
HARuLu AURIAN RUSSELL PHILBY
__ __Z _ 1=isPIONA*GE;-yRUSZSZlA__ yi
, was interviewed June 5I
1966, by a representative of the Federal Bureau of Investi-
gation, and queried COncerning his recollections of Americans
who attended Cambridge University and were involved in communistactivities or recruited by Soviet Intelligence. P}
recalled he attended Cambridge University
from 1934 to 1937, and was demiciled at Trinity College. advised at that time he had become almost completely
British and had no special relationships with any Americans. '
He explained further that in addition to the fact most of his '
associates were British the Americans at Cambridge were mostly
graduate students and their brief tenure reduced the oossilty
of meeting, them and developing lasting friendships. '92-1
The list of eighty-five Americans who are known
to have attended Cambridge University between the years
1830-1934, were displayed to This listing includes
t_wenty individuals who were domiciled at Trinity College and
two who lived at Trinity Hall, however it is noted the aboveperiod just preceded the time when~:as an undet-
graduate at the university. at advised he could not
identify anyone from the list of Americans described above
as an acquaintance, or as known to him during his student
days. He said after coming to the United States he thinks he
may have met while both -eere.~emp1oyed atthe 1f so, it was a very casual U;acquaintance . ' '
_ neca11ed in l936, or 1937, at CambridgeUniversity he had known*. an American, who was
a graduate student in economics. ~ recalled he was
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H1-'u1oLaJ A1JR1AN RUS'o'i'.LL PHILBY we
also studying economics and they were mutual. admirers of the
late economist Lord John Maynard Keynes. 4* stated he
knew_ as a. communist sympathizer and believes*
may have attended Trinity College and may have been a member
of the Trinity communist study group, or cell, as it was
known. w did not know where- came from ani could
furnish no biogranhical data concerning him. He concludedstating he thought perhaps was a genuine, honest
Iwarxi st economist
_ also recalled another American who attended
Cambridge University in 1935 or 1936, who was a member of thecon-mnist cell at one of the colleges. Q could not
remember which college and said it could have een Trinity
College, Trinity Hall or possibly another. This young manwas the son of however, ycould not recal"
the name at first. He finally said he elieved the surname
might be stated this young nan was a shy,
mild mannered individual, of good appearance-and pleasant -
' ' ' said he did not know him well and
thought he may have met him at a fraction meeting or perhapsdisposition
some arty or other get together of the communist oriented studentsi said he felt this young man had been "drawn in while
a student and was not a dedicated communist. further
described W as a nice lad and said he wasabout five feet eight inches in height, with black hair. My
further advised t
was a British student at Cambridge University from about 1933
to 1936, who later became an American citizen and attended
Yale University. was a member of the student communist
organization and was domiciled at St. Johns College. s idl ' ' ' ' 'a 1e 15 certain lost interest in the communist cause
about 1938 or l939,and gave it no further thought. ee
reca1led-hn-J served in the war and after receiving brief
officer's training was dropped behind the lines in France and
was injured. He returned to the United dtates where he was
discharged and reenteredi Yale University. ~.-advised
is oresently living in * and 154.
I
ias.» 7
I
Haaotu 1.U'RIAN RUE-Sa'LL PHILBY~ ' *' h
4 _ -
* also recalled as en American
student at Cambridge University 933-1936! whom he knew.
He advised- was not connected with the communist inoven-ant
in any way and was not a1~arently interested in politicalmatters. maid belonged to the Pitt Clubwhich
was an innocuous social "luncheon clubf" said -
is nor residing i and is engaged in -I
__ V"
w further recollected there was 43*
by the name 0*: who attem-ed Cambridge University
when he was there Zn?! who for a year or two, about 1935-1936, was
a member of one of the communist cells. This man was a graduate
student and was preparing for a career in diplomacy at the time.
Z£aI-
. advised he did not know ~ well
and knew nothing of his background. He stated-hadcommitted suicide eight or ten years» ago by jumpini out of a
window in l1-ontreal, or perhaps ¢.~tta1.-za, C.-anadsi ._._..-_,'
advised he had related the information just above to a member
of the British Intelligence Service about four or five yearsago during interview in Washington, U.C. ~
advised off hand he could not recall any
Americans who had attended Uxford University but said he
would be happy to examine any lists of- names from Oxfdrd orany additional lists from Cambridge University for the purnosa!
of possibly stimulating his memory.
_has stated previously that he knew Guy de
Money Burgess. As matter of interest he was asked concerning
subject Harold Adrian Russell Bhilby and Donald Uuart*c1ean
and advised he did not know either man. Q also stated
he aid not kno or
while he attended Cambridge University and could furnish noinformation concerning either. '1 A
i advised he could furnish no additional
information C0nCerDing Soviet Intelligence and did not know
of any intelligence recruitments among students at Cambridge
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>HAROLD ADRIAN RUS:$1;.l.L PHILBY i
U i"@Y$itY- He miain recalled his earlier suspicions that
may have recruited Qandad advised has admitted he recruited
but denied thatpwas recruited. mantioned
in this connection that had never admitted to him thatGuy Burgess was involved with Soviet Intelligence. U
1
4:
11
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Q-5-9»;!g!vqgr|r1I92UQl'92g nnr ccnnlulinnu III
the Fill. It In thr nrn-H!.v 0!
the I-Ill and 3» loaned to II-ur Hum!-
u- lg are ml tn hr lt uni ila eon n
lhtribuu-d ubidr rwlr nonn-
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l. Bid Burgess engineer his oen recall to Inalandt _.
the only persons sho oould answer this question are
Burgess or his rhilhy. li Philby did use Burgess as s oonrier,
it Ias the lost Inproieesional Ia! to alert Isclesn that he III
under investigation. in e'ao:-sal Ioviet espionlel Ovlration,
loviet agents have hot! seans or regular access to their eoviet
handlers as sell as esergenoy nethods oi oontsst. In normal
operations, it would have heen eutiicient tor Philhy to alert
his Io-viet handler eho could have taken over and relayed the
intonation to appropriate officials. By using Burgess, Philhy
unnecessarily oonproaised all three or these valuable agents.
In addition, he knee that Burgess ens a drunkard and e hososeaual
and sould not he considered a reliable oourier since he could
eell have revealed his operation while in a drunken etllnbr en
his nay hack to Ingland. loch a procedure leads to the
queetion, Ins Philby actually in oontaot with the Soviets
during thie period?"
I. Did lurgess purposely oomit his otfeneee--drunkennees,
et oetera,--to eats his recall eeoeeeary? - n
It would sot he out st sharsoter tor hurgese, a anon
hosoeea-ual and alooholie, to do elaetly what he did in the -
aited ltatee.
I. Isa there anything en his politically--any eonneetios with .
the -Ioviete, et eaters?
Both la:-gees and laolesn eere posted to the United ltatee
as aeoredited Iritish diplolate and enjoyed all the privilegesand insanity granted to.vpree-estativea oi ioreisn governsents
is the Inited ltatee. y doubts at their Ioviet eonneotions
._eere;dispelled hy later investigations eonduoted in naledjas veil as the Ietnov revelations ads is 1055. ' £27
e. E2. es tell anythinl about Iaolean'e seep to§.eit'i:iaiorsatioa Ihile he Iae here? ':1;!!_'i
"U m.~.-.u- -'- '|.;_yy
eould have had aeoeee to am tgoiny eoasmnieations2;'t.ZiL.'.22£1:.i.:"}"3..t%2;... 5 §. I..':{'."32: I.?.en a oan nyCanadian eonittee eoeoerniag atosis eneréy setters. as acted
tn the book, ue Third Ian," by I. I. Cookridge, lean "~.reg-ularlheisited atosie energy installations and one e! 06
the in gh-ranking oitieials eleared by In ates securityapelzial paeeee. _ , qIIAIL n 11!/LETYPE um'rE:] &LQmIIDmiiAGE a!|'L/v1 Le head ei the Chancery at the British Iebeeey, Iaole;s;//
' ..,._.'| - - i A
. , _ '
J
- In sddition, on psgss 181-133 at this sass hook
thins ii iiianinn tn ininriatinn nhinh Eieiean and Brinne
sight have had nnosss to. Also, the lsptoshsr 80 1955, issue0! '-u.s. sm um Iorld upon" contains an srticis I-In has
intornstion tron Burgess sud Isclssn could hsvs influenced
ths Chinese sntrnnos into the lorsnn nontlint. Ih srticls ll -
Untitled Bow ho Ipisl host the tI.l. s In-."
I. Can Is toll anything shout the dsnsgns dons by Burgess snd
Isclssn. thst is, the dsnngn l88sn¢llnt?' 9292 _
Inasmuch sl these individunin hsd no contact with our
organisation, ths extent or any such dsnnges would hsvs to one
tron those sgsncisn with when they did ssintsin nontsnt.
O. Ihst grounds ssrs thsrs tor believing that Phiihy sss
"tbs third Inn" in 1951? »
lbs nsin gnnund Isa the tact thst Burgess, sho lived
ind iii intiiiti tirii iith Fhiihy, hid iied with iiniiin
to the Soviet Union. Philhy, ss the British intslligsnns
Isprsssntstivs in Isnhington, D. 6., would hsvs been sxpsctsd
to he sssrs at the investigation lssding to the idsntitinstidn
or lnnlssn nl n Qosist sgsnt. in the light 0! the Inikos ssss
Ind the llbsnisn lislno, Philhy hsosns s strung dsndidsts Int
the third Inn.
1. Any ssssssssnt soncsrning Phi1h1's Sits in Isshington-his:§itinsi visss, ssistinnship with Burgess, socisi snd psrsnnii
I?
Phiihy enjoyed ths sorsnl sonisl iiis or sn; lritish h
Qiplnnnt in !nshLngtnn end en senses nun neds Q! the Qent thnt
Iurgsss lived in his hnss.
I. Csn Is turnish s lnnsgs nsssssent 0n Philhy-h0s Inch did
is Issliy hurt Is?
I0 Iunh ssnsssusnt snn is Ildl. It ls sltrslsly
intsrsstin; to nuts, hossvsr, thst Ihilby ss the II-l:IIpII-
ssntstivs on the sosns in Isnhington Ins stars at the rssuits
e! the e==1e~u=:te¢ etetee inveetieetien ieeeine te the identi-
lisstinn or Ilsa Iunhs. Is siso knew at the intsrrogsticn st
Iunhs ss ssii ss the tuii noopsrntion given by his. Ist, so
nation Ins tnksn by the Iovists to ssvs sny Ansricsn lsnhsrs
0! ths sspionngs sing shich nitisstsi; Ins nnaovs:sd_ss_s Insult
st the Iunhss ssvsintions. this lssds nns insvitshiy to
' 92.. 92It t M 92
J - ~
the eencluelcn that the Icvlete ere lntereetel In eevlng Q17
Iuennne. for ennwle, they traded valuable prlecnere ee
ettect the release of Oolonel lbel end Gordon Lonedele, ht!
lovlet nationals, but nae no etlort to trade enyone In
Iuchn, the Oohene, or the losenberp. III! ellowleg tor the
lect that the Bovlete rescued lxrgeee end Iecleen, they etlll
leit Ihllby "holding the beg" end leit ll: to tight the battle
by hilliuc _ '
e. he man under echpzcacn nntll be nec or eg be ecnezceree
innocent when the Brltleh cleared -ill tn 1955'!
I0 comment. 7
10. Itth regard to Ph1lby'e eaelgnnent Ln Lebennn, there ere
two theorleen ! thnt the In-ltleb cm clear end trust hln than
1956 on, end b! that he he lbt trusted Ind the Irltleh sent
hie to Lebanon in en lenlgnnent in order to deceive end llelee
the Iunelnne. Ihloh theory le correct?
The enner to this llee Ilth Irltleh lntelltgenne.
ll. Md lnetolly lolnlteyn uncover Ibllblaltlnnllyt Ill A
Dolnlteyn turnleh hle nnne end eetelle e t nu In Ill
the nal uncovering occur?
Io lament. _
12. In we have en; lninrnetlen about the lovlet epperetee
with which Phllby ene lnvolved?
In ecnent. _
18. Any errore ll Ihllbvfl hi?
launch en thle hock , It
1e Lepoeetble to dete:-nine 1!
emovm noun no. an ' -W0
qr! I00! l0"_l>OIl- an em. me. no. :1 1 -
UNITED STATES :92_. JIENT
Memorandum
T5 = DIRECTGR, FBI H1-Te 53
WWAC, we mi» cm 1/
SUBJECT Imnotngrtsy, aka @ I 5
5 1 Haro1dOAdrian Ruzggil Philby,HcA|R|.
ESPIQHAGE = R
The "Washington Post and Times Herald" on 3/4/63,
carried a story captioned "Mystery Grows in Case of Missing
Ex-diplomat". This news story related to the recent
disappearance of HAROLD PHILBY, a London newsman and former
First Secretary in the British Embassy in Washington, D.C-,who disappeared in Bdrut, Lebanon, around 1/23/63. K 1|!
illll advised that in approximately 1950, while he
himself was a member of the British diplomatic establishment
in Washington, D.C., he attended a party at the home of KIM
PHILBY, who he described as his "direct channel to the office
cithe Prime iviinister". iexplained that all highlyclassified matters with whichhe became involved were handl 3for transmission to Great Britain by HAROLD PHILBY. 6 !
stated that among those present at the PHILBY
party was GUY BURGESS, who was also a British diplomat. Q!
employees of the British Foreign Office who defected to the
Soviet Union in hay, 1951. They were afforded considerable newspaper publicity at that time "!11: is noted that our BURGESS and nonnnn mctmn we:-V
<5 asJ 4,-
,. .. . Iy-.. . ,.,,,r. .. .,___
_/-"&'i5?4T-I bu nu. It
uurrnn STATES GOVEK AENT
Memorandum
To ; w, C, Su11ivan92
FROM : W. A ¬an
O
suqncn KIM PHILBY
ESPIONAGE - R/
Kim Philby has been married three times. His current wife
an American citizen whom he BeirutK.
Eleanor Kerns
Q3
_- _ M. __... ._..,_,- __ _e__M_,_-,_,, '"*_-"--'*-"=~;"=* ="' M
/<7 7 as _.__
Director, FBI QI {V U-1-II
Legal Attache, London 4/26/63Q
mmonn 91111.31, aka.
ssezomses - 3.
Reurlet 4/18/63 captioned "Donald Duart Iaclean;
Guy Pi-anci_a__De Ioncy Burgess, HBPIOIIQEQ - B" and i L1
'IIII!IIII--5IIIIIIUIIIiiiiiiiUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIiiii glqrv
For your iniornation investigation is currently bein
conducted by the Iashington Field Office to determine the exact
Ihereabouts otmuring the latter part oi 1962
and the early part oi 1963. You will be iurninhed with the
reults of that investigation in the - case.
Your speculation concerning the possible connection
er 5% with the eieeepeeeeeee oi eeiiey has eeee noted by
the Bureau. It should be noted, however, that the exact date
or the arrival My in Beirut and Cairo appears to be in
Iehruary, 1963, which is after the disappearance oi Philby tron
Beirut on 1/23/63. The itinerary or Philby after he left Beiru
is not known, although his wife received a cable allegedly from
him in Cairo. It is possible that met Philby in Cairo
or sent the cable from Cairo in Philby's name. It this cable
Iae sent by the Soviets, it would appear more logical to use
someone alreaay in Qairo to send the cable, rather than have
in travel from Italy to Cairo to perform this task. Such
travel can be veri ied and it would be easy to determine theexact date 01* arrival ?/Cairo.
4 5 "/
l ". r . _.,,r. .. ._____'1
1 CWB:ecS ?
'=
_. ..,' '92. 92__
DIRECTOR, FBI April 18, 1963
LFGAT , LONDON
DONALD DUART MACLEAN;
GUY FRACIS DE HGNCY BUT
ESPIONAGF - R / Pf /
Buiile
glk
Y1!
I feel are
H§R9EEUAPRIA RQ§SQLLPPHILBY
Born: January 1, 1912, in India I
Father: HARRY sum JOImHILBY I
B. A. Degree, 1933, Trinity College, Cambridge
int:-'
Married AIJICFQFRIFDMAN in Vienna, 1934 y
3
- ----- - - --r -- -- ~~~~ ._.--W - ~~A __ .-mini}
II gr-j1__-@ _ _.;
_ 4'
I J-.Y
A review of London file the above-captionedcases raises a number of questions whic '1
worthy of coneideraticn by the Bureau: './-'
Jib! . -
U -
-ni
1>.nL1.5
., maxI
1
?
1
I
1-.
I I% ~ !
/E
An of 1958, was or London?!' papers in Beirut.
H
Disappeared from Beirut, Jaguar? 23, 1963; ~*
Q
ho letters subsequently received by PHI!-BY:wife 1_n Beirut, presumably trom PHILBY 111']
Cairo.
u
r1
541/1
H . ._... . -qr -~"-~-c-.- "
92- u
4
1.is--I"""""""""?v
2. _ admits knowing P'HILBY's
s. Both*-and PHIL-BY in Beirut Rt uni
tim.
4. Both writers by profession.
5. made trio to Beirut and Cairo at
approximately sine tlme PHIL-BY disappeared j
from Beirut. K
I would appreciate the Bu '
litter»1'¬B.921 B YIGTB OD U11!
K
P1'
--»/»_11'grnlui IOU: MO. I0
uurren STATES G0vERr'
Memorandum V __ XW-
xvT0 : Hr. W. C. Sull1venKPC%§/, pgrm May 29, 1963
mom : D J. Brennan Jr. -~~ H ' _ 5? a-'1:
K
» 5- .
SUBJECT: KIM PHILBY -ESPIONAGE - RUSSIA § W. fE5: '
Philby 15 the former British intelligence o££1allegedly defected to the Soviet Union after admitting having bee a
1 Leba Soviet agent for a number of years. His viii is in Be rut, noni
"" ' -Ir -~ ..-- I-~Z
OVUONAL I1-I IQ. U K
umnzn STATES cove
Memorandum .
.6 .To 5 H, C. SULLI_tT192N.!p££i/ DATE; June 24,¢
__,i_-
raw = 1!. J. BIEI¬192.i-.1~I/92{'92Y'1 -0 FsvBJwr= 1-1111 PHILBY tINK -31?l<I'.L secuzmv - nussm
D I 41-.-
Philby is the former British intelligence officer who"defected to the Soviet Union after admitting that he had servedas a Soviet agent for a number of years. Several weeks ago inBeirut, Lebanon, Philby admitted his connection with the Sovietsand then suddenly disap eared. A11 evidence received so far hasindicated he is behind ghe Iron Curtain.
. -- v 3 -'"~- ""'_92'-.'
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sages
June
, 1963
HWGLD ADPIAN PU1SELL HHLIN, also known as
Kin Philhy
Philby was born in Anbala, India, on January 1, 1912,the son at Parry Qaint John Pridger Philby, a member oithe
s Indian Civil Qervice. The elder Pbilby spent much of
life as an adviser to Kine Ibn Sand of Arabia and was
for a tire duiing World War II due to his anti British
statements.
In Ma 19a1Lc1e"1_as a 1 Eely
in tre Britisn
Pkclean bad served as s
Embassy in Washin"t0n from May, 1944,the British had identifiedpacifist
Q
M!
operatedenaid
British
1948, Atthe time of his iaentification he was assi ned as healef the
American Department of the Foreign Office n London.
Eur Francis Demoncy Burgess was a memberassigned to the British Embass ,i shington,
D C , from.Auwust, 1950, to early Hay, 1951 as a ec ndaéréii A lmfv nunluanxuzu, WIS Fiialii ¬6 I-6" 6-1
result of a protest b the Governor of Vir inia to tb
of State because of h s violation of speed ng regulati
the State of Virginia.
a-~ On Ma 25 1951 Donald llaclean and Guy BurgZ1"De
ens
gss made an~_ZII§11eged'weekeng trip to §t Male, France, from which
*-returned§.,i5~!s~»/%-'Ihey.never
<?//
1}__.__ MALRUL,
~ 4-
-,,-'-|_,,* u
R'JSSE"..<L .'."'.iI!.£!, also lznosrn as liis-. Pliilby
Various communications were received by embers of the?acéean and Burgess families postmarked from different locations
[I IITOPB 0
On Selztember 11 1953, Melinda Flaclean and her threechildren left "er mother's house is Geneve_ Switzerland, Thev
were last observed in Austria from where tey disappeared without
leaving a trace.
While it was presumed that Hnclean and Bur§ess werebehind the Iron Curtain it was not until Februarg 1 1956that their Eresence in oscow was definitely esta lised. 6n
that date t ey handed a prepared statement to the press. Theygdmitted being communists at college and denied ever acting as
ov et agents. '
ab
WT tVt_.HsTrM.sm. _ _- is M sensor Wm
I , .a.
HAROLD ADIZIM-I IIUSSIIIJ. PIIILBY, also known as Kim Philby
I '____ _ _ " ' u ',
1 - ,5-., ., ___ -__ ,____,u_----~- --Q-pqp-s --r .
- 1.
On Januari 23, 1963, following the interrogation andhis admissions P1". lby disappeared from Beirut. Again, it waspresumed that he txaxieled to the Soviet bloc-
, _ ' " "'-1»1'P"'I ""~q-- -.|Q;----r-- -.-__._,.q-q--- _, . ...,. ., 5 -7-_._:- _-_ ,
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ornoouu tom no. no y-,, VUNITED STATES GOV. a T =
Memorana. . ==-_,="*Z._ *
.» To I-ir. W. C. SL111ivain92%92cO7L,L/ DATE: July 1, 1963
F, .i-.iiFRO" I D. J. Brennan, Jrf£>1j_l-~. F
svwwcc ntrptn LDRI'N gugsgtt . v /§%hp; a¬E£i;II~1 P1-1ILDY' D S g K57 K21'EsPIcnica - RUSSIA ' ,,~ ~
- _-_- .- 1.. .0-..Legal Attache, London, telephoned at 1:00 p.m., 7/1/65 uand reported that a statement had been made in the House of Commons
in the British Parliament today concerning the subject. Philbyis the former British intelligence officer who has privately admittedto acting as a Russian Intellieence Service agent from 1954 to 1946,and also to warning Donald Mac1ean through Guy Burgess of the interest
of the British in Maclean. As a result of this warning Burgess and
Maclean fled to Russia in 1951.
0
------- /4-.._.%
For information.F?-92.§'¢ ' - ~
'1 ?
1-pr
KIM PHiLBY, ESPIDNAGE-R. , ~ ,
REHYCAB JUNE 25 AND HT . .HQNE CALL T9 BUREAU, JULY 1,
GOVERNMENT MADE STATEMENT IN PARLIAMENT THIS AFTERNOON
THAT PHILBY WORKED FOR THE sov1ETs BEFORE 19H6 AND IN 1951
HE WARNED HAc LEAH THRGUGH BURGESS THAT AcT10H HA5 AsouT
To BE TAKEN AGAINST HIM. STATEMENT sA10 THAT SUBJECT HAs
SENT MESSAGES TD HIS WIFE FROM BEHIND THE TRON CURTAIN.
THAT PHILBY HAS BEEN SUBJECT T0 CLOSE 1HvEsT:sAT10H AHQ
THAT THIS INFO- OBTAINED APPARENTLY As A RESULT OF ADMISSIONS
BY SUBJECT HIMSELF.
STATEMENT CONTiNUED THAT FUR LA:
HAS BEEN OUTSIDE BRITISH LEGAL JURTSD
-~_/1111
92
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BLAKE MENTIONED
1 IRU921 out l"ULl1ll.'tl. 'ORRf;§PONDl-'.NT
aptain Henry Kerb}: Conservative
i member for Aruiidel and Shorcltam, has
tabled several questions in the Commons
about Mr. Philby to Mr. Heath, Lord
Privy Seal.
Tomorrow he will atik on what date the
Government lirst leiirnt that Mr. Philby
had ed behind the Iron Curtain: when
they discovered that Philby
resrtonsihle for tipping n Muciean a'ni;l
Burgess; and what is known of any asso-
tuttion between Mr. Philb; and Blake.
f0rntcrl_92 in the Foreign Service and now
serving a sentence fnr esr.iionzige_
On Mondziy he will tisk 9292h:it cash com-
D£llS;|li92'll1 9292;!§ niid out oi public funds
to Mr. Philhy hen he vvas requested to
resign from the Foreign Service, and what
Ul't.lt.l'i tilt [then to British Ernbasw
rsonnel in Beirut regarding their contacts
tith Mr. Philhy after his admission that
le wit-t the mun who warned Mziclean and
I tll'BL'h92.
it Two Lahotir members, Mr. Arthur Lewis
West Ham. NJ and Mr. Nial~l Mac-
Derrnott tDerht'. NJ are to ask the Prime
Minister whet-her he will appoint an inquiry
to investigate the Philby aair. t
PRESIDENT TOLD
Mr, Wade. deputy leader of the
Liberal Party. vtill ask Mr. Heath on
Monday what asstiranees and recom-
mendations were given to the editor of
Tin H-.92ei-i-i-r and the editor of The
£1-mimiiiiii by the Foreign Office before
Mr. Philhy was emplmed by them as a
correspondent in the Middle East
in utli.-ial quarters yesterday it was dis-
closed that Mr. Macmillan told President
Kennedy at Bt|'t'l'l Grove during the accli-
end that a Government statement about
Mr. PhiIb_92 was to be made in the
Commons. -ln the House on Tuesday Mi.
Arthur Lewis asked the Prime Minister
"-.-.'heth:.' he mentioned to the President
recent sec-urn; Cases in this country, with
particular reference to the Philby case '? ls
ll. =1-vecatise of that case. and the stories
ClICUl't|l]|Z in the American press. that the
Lord Pri92',92' Seal made his statement '."'
MI. Maicmitlan replied that he was not
prepared to -reveal the character of the
l92CU92'92lD|"I92 he had with t-he President.I-in
Qua ____
in _-_--
1 __--
92--QUESTIONS ABOUT --" it __-
*5 MR. PHILBY 1-- iniii
-_ *-
1_.____
/ *" /92
I-./II/e '1 ' l [ ' _ /
I
I.
_.;
l
i
The Wctshlnqton Font and ___-
Tlmol Herald
The Wulhtnqton Dull? N' '3 i'
The Evening Star ._.__--i-:-
NQW York Herald Tribune .1-
New York Journal-Amorlcun _._-
Naw fork Mirror e
New York Deity New!
New York Poet
The New York Ti-m0!
The Workl -Z-ii--_-'
iThe New Lend" --
11 watt Street Journal .._---
, 4 The National. Observer .._..:- J x f , _~ ¢. ft rt ' r'-- " Du; _____ 4.
' .4
/I _ I, /*7; ___"'-L. '_,> " No-r~ "Z*!;w~ "" ""--
1 CITks, J --~ -. .ORDEDi t '92 ttll I 192 JLH 196?
'- -______
* Re corded 5/25/65
ERG Q, ~
7-292
FEDERAL BUREAU op INVESTIGATION _
umm-:0 STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE "0 1-KB FILE
Laboratory Work Sheet
Re: KI]! PHILBY File *
ESPIONAGE - R I-=11» #1
D
Examination requested bvr Memo Brennan to Sullivan 6/26/63
Examination requested: Documgnt, Die received! 6/21/6
f/77, /Tit/{I- I19:-<a926! °'{ [KL ' ,¢c/,-,.,/
'7/L0 f-,1?.f1;"-4,- ;;,_,[ ,
Specimens_sa1_1n1itted for examination
Q1 Typeuritter ribbon from Kim Philby's typewriter
Q2 Typewriter ribbon from Hrs. Phi1by'a typewriter
GOPIFR l..n=;s"1"1:.nYED
L2, 0 E SH? 9 1970
. I J]
K
G J'- .: "F /1.--;.»- 1: E7Law"
. Vqr. .. .,__3Result of Examination: Examination by:
--u
.y--92 - 1- »
/ " -J t, 1
EXECUTIVE OFFICESI
Mr. J. Edgar Hoover
1--i-..-.--I-A H I
July 3, 1963 '
92
1-92,r'Federal Bureau of Investigation X:! K m 1
W
Ira-$114115 uuu, -
Dear Mr. Hoover:
In passing through the crowded Grand Central Station
yesterday, about 12:30 p.m., I observed a man who bore a strik~
ing facial similarity to the missing British diplomat, Haroldéb Rhilby, whose full
Herald Tribune theface
same
This man's face
crowd. It puzzledphoto was on Page One of the NEW"1iF"
morning.
seemed familiar as I passed him in the
I took a second look and then associated me. g
the face with the picture I had seen in the Herald Tribune that
morning for the first time, although the mans face seemed less
fleshy than as shown in the picture. This man was wearing a
loose grey suit, not too dark. I seem to remember a subdued
check, but can't be sure. He did not wear or carry a hat, and
seemed to be looking for someone in the crowd. He appeared
slenderish, and not too
inches tall.heavy. I would guess about 5 feet, 8
After a minute or two, I decided it was foolish - that
there were probably hundreds of look-alikes - and went on about
my business. -
However, this incident has been nagging at me even though
I know this man is reported somewhere behind the Iron Curtain,
and, upon reflection, decided I had better report it, even thoughit may sound crazy and!in all probability, has no merit whatever.
. S
£1-92_{92' '"92 ww r .»~7 *{92 4,_ l
I , ~
.~ .1 ' *9* ~ PU 09 »»
<9 --Ily. 92,g§,- B
.3 JUL 161963
n-.1--n-n ii
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. A REC 6 F _. 7 A i i July 11; 1963
. . 92 r . '
¢ iv a QL T /1/' /5' I
"2
. I, . ;
"* enty+tw_ofE_iie't'l .0. e 'treet 4
Ne92ii'Ydrk 16, New York Z
_ _"_ _. __l...--..;-. '~.--.1.--, - _ .. .,_..-.-- '"'" "'
y Dear Q
Thank you for your letter of July 3rd regardingthe individual you believe bore a resemblance to the missing .
British diplomat, Harold Phllby.
I have always encouraged furnishing any info:--_mutton to the FBI which an individual may feel is of interest
. to us, and the thought which motivated
appreciated.your writing me is
Sincerely yours,
T 1!, Edgar Hoover
H John Edgar HooverF
r MAHLED G, Director
JUL121963 , , it~ ligég-{ll§lfl£l*?'i*1l:]l%1
fl
LL11
_ _ liEC.D HY!" *"F"_ _ . Di"C:B1js i5!-J 5* 1121 .19: __ !{ /7/_: zh h I tm f! '33 Hi ii: 92" _i NOTE: There has been limited cordial correspondence with.:. i Last 0Utg%|1q§-2:-:'ia!?.b ea A U
. KI
-.__-=»:rr;i§ ~.-- {I124-§f31II" JuL*§ 31ost+ e "*50 %W/ 92?
U Yf
.q.1-yon}! roan no. no - .uurrao STATES o¢_5 at i 6?;k iL__l
Memorartuwlt
TO Mr. b S>n37 a DATEI July 10, 1963 ,
H 92w n. Griffith ~ 1-" 2-" __
Qi._-___' ~__i_...i._1_
anu____;;
FROM I
ii
' l___i__
92. __ Q SUB ECT! 92' . . .I :;%.:§:z2Y- R Y1 law /
,-
Philby is a former British intelligence officer who "
admitted working for the Soviets and disappeared from Beirut, .J,_
Lebanon. He presumably is behind the Iron Curtain. '7""""
92
92
The typewriter ribbons, Q1 and Q2, were examined and
it was determined that no intelligible information could be
developed. The ribbon from Kim Philby's typewriter had been
used repeatedly and, although impressions were present, no //
words or letter combinations could be developed. Nothing of
value was found on Mrs.fPhilby's typewriter ribbon.
RECOMMENDATION: That this memorandum be forwarded to Liaison
in order that the attached ribbons and the '
results of the Laboratory examination can be
furnished to the Central Intelligence Agency.
Enclosures !REG 13 -l _._-.
ad
_ F_ "12 Jill- 16 1353 -;,
1;? J4un1 /Ir -P1 JI "* -* __ r---1'"!!! 4"
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' - TRUE COPY
July 31,
Mr. J. Edgar Hoover
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Washingten, D. C.
Dear Mr. Hoover
Some explanation is needed to explain1963
c. ,./ Z-I
d Ph1b_}Qy'$Harol '
escape. American intelligence looks stupid and our cooperation
with the United Kingdom in that regard non -existant.
. Ridiculous -
/:!_ i -- wH iiif;"* "ce'i*:§",.*3; .1. i "L
92
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92
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3 AUG '7 1963
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A-- .¬lé%a~ k¢w@u&&
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,gfZ:Zjm~@wlJ.
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@T$TfIjff *"W * mM Mw1;f%M WTW|
7
or-norm aqua no. IO pumrso srnrss cove it r " k
Memoranda,/i ::
To 1 Mr. DeLoach DATE: 8-6-63 i:
4wt
1-"non : ;~,, ' ''D. C. Morrelib »92 I, gz __J. .
no - __n4Z 4 .SUBJECTZ * ' ~
* Captioned in%'idual wrote July 31st and stated: "Some explanation
is needed to explain Harold hibbyjs escape. American intelligence looks stupid
and our cooperation with the United Kingdom in that regard non -existant. Ridiculous
Correspondent is apparently referring to _k_l__ai"p_l_d__£_K__._92____R%hillg_y, aka. ,
Kim, who is the former British Intelligence Officer who allegedly defected to the
Soviet Union after admitting that he had served as a Soviet agent for a number of
years. At the time of his disappearance in January of this year, Philby was
staying at Beirut, Lebanon, and was a correspondent. He had not been
employed by the British for .a number of years. He was stationed in the United
States in 1949 to 1951. .
F" n n w A H nn-92-In-l~ -an-492-L.-. I-L.-. 'I924-.-U-.nJ-,92.. -In I'92.-.--.-...-'l-H-.-.. 1E --.n-.-92-.,-I:-92n-92JU1LGDkJUl1LlUl1L W1 ULU L115 1.111 UDLUL LIL JJUMUIILUUL, JUUQ, J-Uéd-l92-I-L115
the issuance of clearances. His letter was acknowledged by the Director 1-2-63,
Correspondent cannot be further identified in Bufiles. ,-'
.-'
1
igigmgc DONALD DUART MACLEAN - ]PT|QHll FOIL: NO 1° r.UNITED ST/92'lI~.lS c0v131u92" m" i 'i
Miwnorandum
TO MR. w. c. SULLIVAN ugust 7, 1963
F'92 I .
7'- '_ ;. 92"' i
FROM ; MR. W. A. BRANIGAN -
GUY BURGESS -
ESPIONAGE R
92 r~=92{v '» | 92'92.ir . '-1,./Iw
Li, ?
4.
' ' 1Q
a
I 2
A brief was prepared for the Director in this case dated
ll-5-5: and it was revised 5~30-56 and 2-13-63. Since the brief
contained communications intelligence data and was documented with
references to Bureau files, it was not disseminated.
h.pqunp~1e' c 7
r%*" iUP*"-UiW i~Hw# --- ~Ir
4
A review of this file shows that on 7-30-Q3 an announce-
ment was made by the Soviet government newspaper that Philby had
been granted Soviet citizenship and asylum in Russia
ACTION:
There is attached an amended page 3§a for the brief main-
tained in the Director's office, including the most recent infor
mation about Philhy - _ O F
IIx#1
_.,-/
,___ i......,._. ...--..------1-92~ ' "" Wt1
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F
1
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92-
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?
UR NT 9-3-63
0 DIRECTOR
FROM LEGAT LONDON N0. 9R2
I I"9292ILDI, . " n - R
LONDON EXPRESS AUGUST BI LAST CARRIED FRONT PAGE ARTICLE 5-
FROM REPORTER RENE MACCOLL,_WASH|NGTON, D. C. ARTICLE STATES .
RUSSIANS REMOVED SUBJECT FROM BEIRUT AS THEY FEARED HE WAS . I}
ABOUT TO REVEAL TO BRITISH NAME OF MASTER SPY STILL WORKING I-$9!
IN A BRITISH GOVERNMENT AGENCY, THIS ATTRIBUTED TO "ABSOLUTE
IMPECCABLESAUTHORITY," I - - OI
REQUEST BUREAU ADVISE. .' gm cu BATES$5RECEIVED: 12:38 PM PEG '- I3. 35* 5 1953
1 -'&.,$I-
9/3/eacons
emu uncnm
5/' 1:0 LEGAL AlTA_C§E zemn Imom n11!::1%"1<}Ii* av A
KIII PHILBY, nsvzomcn - n. *
anuncnsmcmu snmmmrn rrmns INSTANT, YOUR NUMBER rum: mun
TWO. BUREAU HA8 NO INFORMATION CONCERNING STORY IN LONDON EXP§E8S
. r ~__1AUGUQQ THIRTYOHE, ONE NINE SIX THREE OR SOURCE OF THIS SIORYQ5 YOU
II ifh f92H, DUUHDIID U. p F/U
~!PI~=PA 1! ¢
! /
1 - Foreign Liaison Unit route thru tor re ow!
NOTE: [ "
92
Legat, London, advised London Express 8/31/53 Glrid 92
front page article irom Reporter Rene accoll, Iashington, D. C., -Wthat Russians removed Philby from Beirut as they feared he was I
gbggg gs ggvggl to British name or master spy still working in
British Government
We have no suchiniormat ion . i G
Oriloun roan no. In _ F -92°'°"°:::. as aim. ., K1 ag,
UNITED STATE - ~1 MENT
A/Iem'0n.,.,W,m
= DIRECTOR, FBI 6*! "" "" 10/16/as
m I - _FROM = c, uza: YORK h,J H H QSUBJECT /' x--. om A.!RIAi"-I RUSSELL 1'tIILBY
bs p-R , ,
ReHYairte1 to Bureau, 10/3/63.
Inasmuch as there are no further leads in this matter
this case is being placed in a closed status.
3!
._ ,11|. 92 I" 9292_*./
I
1
'2! - Bureau @ u - My ,. ;_ _ New York ! [7'l2 "_.~JRIE:1.~mc REC '
! é 4 . f
I-:-n-_,,_____
9 OCT 181963
W ~ :-_. ___ W.
<92.t ._»» , é W TC».
F
1
3
rT
F
>.
¥é¥$?T? " " - I. A. Branigan
xi_,- .2 - 4"" ' 1»
I ' J. J -L
.kI_
W! ' ' I. C. 5111117111 i
noon arvxnw or "BURGESS me "llg wxcusau" av amomr PURDY am: 1 Ir _, e * r nouoxas smasaunn 1 l , n -
I I .. > F ;
- ,Thin memorandum in prepared to Ihou the above-captioned book
has been reviewed and has been round to be an outdated rehash or the
Brgese-laclean cane.
THE AUTDRS: x,-c
Anthony Purdy in described as n tree-lance writer who hli
done magazine, television, and book work tor the pant three yearn. Thi
A is his iiret ook published in the United Staten. Douglas Sutherland i
- described an a Iorld Iar ll veteran and a iorner Conservative candidate
f ' ior Parliament. Burilen contdh no identiiiable information concerning
' either name. Both writers are British nationals. r. ~ *J
29-3L1531"h9.99-'_'BlK¥* eI
This book was published by Doubleday n Company, Inc. n Butiles
ehow this in one oi the largest publishing tirm in the iield. Buiiler
I chow we heve_generally had cordial relations with this tirn. ." "
o .1!!! runucrrxom
| , ' > .92_i The book retells the story or Burgece and Iaelean,_Britinh
- _ diplomats who {led to Russia in lay, 1951, when they were iorewarned
.- or the probable arrest or Iaclean. The book goes into great detail '
_ concerning the college life or both men, Ihowing how they were communists
- in college. It details their careers and nttenptn to show how their
obvious taults were overlooked. 7 _ V
4
The book in extremely critical or II-5, II-6, and the British
it Foreign Otrice tor alleged mishandling or the ease. The author claims
. that Burgess Ian tipped oi! by a friend in HI-5 or Iacloan'a impending
interview and probable arrest. The book does not mention Haroldi!5imE_CjPhilby, tormer ll-6 nan who detected in January, 1963, and wEo was
Burgess and Boolean! e Philby! ~ N. .
pa_ 83 _ _ ql §;;1 _4BjTREcoRn¬5 5 iFEBl41964 e ;-~r'; ' " "1964_ Enclosure / j _-__.____ a
umi
I
i
r-'1"_"_.-I
sQ.
heme Branizan to Sullivan
»Re:. BOOK REVIEW OF "BURGESS AND
' IACLEAI" BY ANTHONY PURDY AND
accepted as
interesting
,inl made by
that Philhy
;1mpending n
which occur' mucus suwmmmrm
1
a detector and e Soviet citizen in July, 1963. 3t is
to note that_the announcement 0! the detection ct Philhy
the Prime Minister oi England and included the statement _
admitted that he had warned Inclenn through Hurgeel oi his
rreet. The book nleo tails to mention the death ot Burgess,
red in Icecow in August, 1963,
There are no derogatory references to the FBI.
ACTION:
Bureau 11hr
J
5
F,It is recommended that the attached hook be placed in the
ery.
l
I
P. I'92
11:21
NM 3
F
V7 - -I ad. _" . ._...
...... 92 --qr - 92---03 - ' |
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UNITED STATES GOV 1. NMENT " "_'
Memorandum ,1
T0 1 M1. D6LOE1Ch u.~.'rt;-. 3-6-64 -;-
LROM : M.C}{£tl§ones I
1 J ' .-<__.._n. __.
RUBJE-.C'i': hissano FALL or A s_ov1:E_T AGEl_92IT" Q F!,Aajr1_qLE concnanmo HAROLD ADRIAN RUSSELL PHILBE,
/"i?./
The February 1'5, 1964, issue of "The Saturday Evening Post"
contains an article captioned "The Rise and Fall of a Soviet Agent" bym Edward R. n< This isé/based upon the life <>£_._i<¢1p,;_.t_1_-_<;_;_g____ =A_,d__1;_i_gg, _13._u_§_s§l1
4" Phillgy commonly known as the former British intelligence
official who defected to the Soviet Union last year.
Today, Q oi "The Readers Digest" telephoned
the Bureau to advise that the May, 1964, issue of "The Reader's Digest" will
contain a condensed version of this article concerning the Philby spy case.
oted that Philby had been assigned in Washington, D. C. during
{the early 1950's and that he had passed information to Guy Burgess shortly
lbefore the defection of Burgess and Donald Maclean to the Soviets. She noted
ithat the article concerning Philby in "The Saturday Evening Post" deals brieflytwith Philby's service in Washington, D. C. , and inquired whether the FBI ,»;§could verify the truth of this portion of the article. '1
iwas advised that the Philby espionage case is one "
handled primarily by British authorities and that we are not able to be of
assistance to "The Reader's Digest" in verifying any aspects of theregarding it. ._ a
REG. ------- -~~_- -___RE ¢QMME1~iDAI1QN= i t. U "OT "1 '*1'1"='@e'"Q1114" 1/Kg» t at e
For informationit QM-manna-i
-Hiatus-t
GWG:par_ m
r...+ Mg. d e1*»*.='~.*" .. 1964 IO! **-- I--._ ' i .
>,»»~ '"7Y __,.r.. . . .0»-_-.._s_.. ---i- 92-
- M -7"- W inn. 7, _ __ H ,Y___ .___..... .... i Fi
IA
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U2&=%.*z==n==:;=~s:;: C" o
// uNnEDsTwn§ { ERNMENT
/' Memorandum
r.
C'1 .TO = " W. C. SullivanV92 g 1 -Jillllllr
1 1-aillllllh
DATE 5/24/54
FROM = w. A. Braniganfb. -nlllulgln9292p. '-. '1~ Q *""" ,
$vME@T= HAROLD ADRIAN RUSSELL PHILBY, also known as
Kim Philby
ESPIONAGE RUSSIA
, .,*,...
BACKGROUND:
hiiby is the former British in§e11igence officer who admitted5.an
having been a Soviet agent. He fled to Russia from Beirut, Lebanon, in
January, 1963, and on July 30, 1963, the Soviet Government publicly
announced that he had been ive s um nd y g n a yl a Soviet citizenship. Q
. " . " . Hie ' l nn~"+¥-;uiIIlIP""*i .. V '.
1 in "' n- -r 1 ~ _ . ~.: »_, ..
92I»; C, /I _ ~ _
._ ._,r...»' vr--"-<--- -1
92
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4
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B-29-84
Airtol
* iii}, New York M
From: Director, FBI *memo A_I.13!=L92! ... - -xiuvniiby - [92asp - a 92
. Roma irtol 6-24-64 . ,
norm -
Eleanor Philby is an American citizen married toKin Philby, toner British intelligence oi'iice_r who admittedacting as a Soviet agent. He ed to Russia iron Lebanon in " K-qJanmry, 1983, and on July 30, 19%, Soviet Govofient pnbiioijrannounced he had been given sylun and citzenship.
._,.._ma-u-u'l "_"_
I I I I v I 1 I ,
92-
92 ¢
U ' FB]_ wgééha I Dme;5/30/64 I
Transmit the following In .. I I_f_ *_ J _ ___ _ _: __ ;__ _ _ __ _ _ _____
Type in plain text or code!
Vic: , __ ___ _ __
I T0.
M
I F39?
+ I
I
- I susanctm/1,4
K I
I
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I
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' I Soviets.
was-aw I ti! Bureau H?! , IN 4!Z / - San Franc sco F0 HM _" 1 - Washington Field INFO! H@@ I4JUL 1 M4
w- I¬é I ¬%1¬1%E New Ynrk _ ____ u___92K I , r I W Priority!
nmecwon, FBI i!
sac, um YORK Ii!
Jmnom ADRIAN RUSSEL§1;HILBY aka
Kim Philby
ESP - R
1+"__.___.-.-p-__.-_.-...._.-.._._.._.-_-_.__--...__.-_
ReBua.1rtel toNY, dated /6/25/61+. V;-,,, ,»'n/A"._ _'4. ;__________,,_,,¢_;=
* ~ appeared to be very understanding and sa1d.he had wanted to bring this .¢ _92I matter to the Bureau's attention in view of theI apparent I thatthe--.-__.-.»-»_
WRM:bca
Avprovegze! Sent-_.____..92=e_._.___,__M Per IE L pgciuigsewt In Charge _,;'__T I
J
deduced that PHILBY was well:
_. remunerated by the Soviets and apparentiy iived
'qu1te well by money standards.
1
} V H ». war ""'n
§
-v-~-».---._-V.» 7 1%. ..w...W-»..¢....._....___~.-.._..M..._.. _.. __.,, ,__, _,..
92 ..
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' ' * stated he first became acquainted wi-th-
"KIM" PHILBY in Spain in 1939 during the Spanish
Civil war where both were correspondents. He
related that PHILBY at that time was attached to the
_FRANCO forces and was held in high esteem by them. had occasional contacts with PHILBY during
W ld W IIJ or ar and had a close association with him
_f.while both were correspondents in Beirut, Lebanon k~
_ -and it was through this associa ' that PH LBY-K _ became acquainted with related
and other information concerning her accounts
relative to PHILBYs disappearance which was
subsequently established to be an escape to the USSR.
advised he did not believe that Mrs. PHILBY
was aware of her husband's intelligence ativities "
at the time of his disappearance.
It was ~ opinion that Mrs. PHILBY
attributed PHILBY's di his
- drinking.
92.
3
92 ,,,_ . '~|Ir- -* "'""'
W" ' FTI
I
-
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tioned to the contacting agents that he
an extensive newspaper clipping filein connection with PHILBY since his identificationas a soviet agent ~ - for his faeraonal use iii
.. 0
' ' was -most cooperative and cordial.
The contacting agents adviaed him they would like 92to see him at a later time relative to any information
he might possess concerningEHILBY. He readilymagreed
to do so.
awn _ nun-on. n-an 1 ... -V rne mxu W111 submit under separate cover,'a
LHM Betting forth details concerning PHILBY and .'_re1a_j:__ed _1nfo_m|_ation- 9i
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3 dzdzz ddfzjwj ***d**d@EmnBmh$T&mmy d****
_-_._.-_-_-_-_.-.__.._.__-..._-.-----.._,_,_,__._
'ro= nmeczron, FBI l!
FROM, sec, new YORK i P!
Klm Phllby
' ESP-R
0: NY!If §. j SUBJECT: HAROLD ADRIAN nusse '/PHILBY aka , ,;,{n[ ' /Fr "1
[-1
Reieiztel te Bureau, 6./30/64, which advise-:1 NYO ' =
would submit under separate cover an LHM setting forth details,
furnished by 2:111. concerning wbjeenand other
information.
Enclosed for the Bureau are five copies of an LHM
dated and captioned as above. San Francisco and Washington
Field are also furnished one copy of LHM because of t1'ei.r
interest in this matter
l SAS of the FBI who contacted a, mentioned
in the enclosed LHM, are end .
>'W -Mr-__
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UNI. 'D STATES DEPAR'l"JLNT OF JIKITICE
. __,..4' FEDERAL BUREAU or INVESTIGATION
In R¢;,q,pnm 3,1,, New York, New York
Fa- "' .' July 2, 1964+
Harold Adrian Russell Philby
Espion-ageR 1
On June 29 l96£+ 0 t tudi , , was c n ac e com»
by Special Agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation -"
regarding his knowledge of Harold Adrian Russell Philby.
f . ,/'J_ - 7 -
* stated he became acquainted with Philby in H
March, 1939, in Spain, during the Spanish Civil War. Philby, 1's
at that time, was working for the "London Times". He was the"
only correspondent in Spain, known to * who was friendly,{ ~to the Fascist troops. According to Philby was K, Q
decorated by the Franco forces not because of a particular ' '
act of bravery, but because he was involved in an auto
accident. Although hurt, he insisted on returning to the
front lines to continue his coverage of the fighting for his
newspaper. The Franco forces so admired this type of intestinal
, fortitude that they decorated him.
. 'During World War II,IIIIIII occasionally encountered
Philby; however, it was not until the latter half of the
1950s, when both he and rhilby were residing in Beirut, Lebanon,
that they were in rather close contact with one another.
Philby, at that time, was working as a correspondent for the
"London Observer" and the weekly "Economist".
IIIIIII stated he knew Philby was in charge of
British intelligence in the United States and was liaison to
- This document contains neither recommendtions nor conclusions
of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to
your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed
outside your agency.
"-" '1 -H_'Y¬'D- -11*.-1e F..-0&0 e an 9 W 1
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CIA in Washington, D.C., in 1950. According tollll, had
Philby not been exposed as the "third man" in the Burgess-
Maclean spy case, he might well be head of the entire British
intelligence today.
. -. 92 F 92- ., V_"
ibecame suspicious of Philby in Beirut ~where,s'g_- -at the end of long parties when Philby had been drinking'a _',
- great deal, Philby would denounce British and American"po1icies'
in the Middle East. He took the position that the Middle East
must not be exploited by the western powers and that Russia
was doing the right thing in the Middle East. IIIIII said
Philby was following his father's line to some extent in that
Philby's father advocated the policy that the Middle East
should not be exploited. Philby's father, however, an in- ,.*dividual of some note, never expressed any leaning towards_p
. Russia. .This, according uo|Il|jlQ was where Philby deviated *
from his father's position. Philby never expressed these
feelings to except when he was intoxicated. ~
felt these were Philbys true feelings on these matters which
caused him to become suspicious of Philby,»especially in view
of_knowing him to be a British intelligence agent. l J. @
v ~ 1 - kl 5'
i"' 92 , It is noted the "New York Times" dated July 3,'l963,-~
page ten, in an article captioned,"'Third Man in Spy-Case",~} l
desert explorer, Arab scholar, Moslem convert, friendM5f,u.-'.T. E. Lawrence of Arabia and adviser to King Ibn Saud-was '
in the Indian Civil Service".-» describes ?hi1by's father as "Harry St; John*Phi1by-author, fr-
Illllllspeculated that Philby probably became
involved with the Russians far back in his career at the tune
he attended Cambridge University as a student.
Regarding Mrs. Philby, said he doubted that
she was aware of Philby's involvement with the Russians. 1
_, . - . _. . ,. " ' 1
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dated July 31, 1963, page one, in a column captioned PPhi1by -
is Granted Asylum in Soviet", set forth-the.fo11owing informa-
tion in part: -
"...Izvestia, the Government newspaper Soviet
Union!, in a two paragraph article tonight, announced that
Philby, a British journalist alleged to have been a one-time
Soviet agent, had requested both Soviet citizenship and
asylum and that the Supreme Soviet had granted both requests..."*
~ stated that Philby is apparently held in high
regard by the Soviets.
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Harold Adrian Russell Philby
Summing up, _ deduced that Philby was well
remunerated by the Soviets and apparently lived quite well
by any standards.
s
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EV.
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Ir. J. Ialtor Yonglcy July 15, 1964
iiiisiani Aiiornoy ionorai - .
D1:-actor, I31 L_' ml j! 1 'ilII|I.II _
mmnpmnnxm mssm nuznnr, also -known as M 1l:ln"?h1lby /~ i
zsmomcn - nussn 1 ___e i
10 192l---Rotcronco to nude to your telephonic convornntlon E
Agent 0! thin Barman on Iith Special V
July 13, 1964, concerning 9
By lotto: dated June 26, 1963, a memorandum containing
background lniornantion concerning Harold Philby and his _
involvement 1n Soviet espionage was furnished to the Attorney
General. Ira. Phil olnod bar husband in Ioaccv inSeptember. 1963.
1
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Date: Z/22/614
Transmit the following in _** i _ ____ , P ,_ _ _ _
via __*?_*°;I_?1}lEL ____ . _ _ __*_ H _;*_ _ _
Priority! I-'!f[;¢77iIVl-ipldih ..',:.;; dc}
TO :
FRO!-*1 :
SUBJELIT:5&5RRi1i'iiiiiif"""
' 92On 7/23/6U the New York "Daily New?" nwspaper 92NEW YORK @l!III|nr!¢|pin.
HAROLD ADRIAN RussELjLu1LnY, aka <¬%; /
ESP~R""@"Q6,{;;,j17_;? IJ7.I[@]
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carried an item which stated in effect that $rs.qPHILBY andher daughtcrkud disappeared. . é_ _
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According to Philbyls theson of Sir Harry ;_$t. Jog Phi1by,who was a noted explorer
and specialist on the Middle East Sir Harry Philby died
in September, 1961 in Beirut, Lebanon at approximately 75
veers of age. 1-Le was on his way baelc from Moscow, Russia,
where he had been attending a meetlng of "Orientalists".
Philb attended Cambridge University where 1.~ said 4 understood that Donald Maclean and Guy
Burgess also a tended at about the same time. 1 said ,
Maclean was described by the same professor as ,
having a strong sense of social justice. - stated-
1s a firm believer in socialism and as an exaxnplelllibszfthe !e1t that everyone should share in having bread.
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Harold Adrianlubseby Philby also known as Kim Philby
said althoughl did not lmow whether he was
a Communist Party GP! member, noted that it was fashionable
to be a Communist and espouse ' the Communist philosophy,
at Cambridge Un1versity;at the time Philby attended in the 1930's.
It was - opinion Philby adopted socialism at that time
and retained it all his life.
J.
At the time Burgess and Maclean disappeared in
1951, Philby was requested to resign and he did in fact
tender his resignation which was accepted. He did this to
avoid embarrassing the British Government. * noted
at this point that Philby had previously received an award from
K1118 GBOPIZQ VI for his service to the Government and that he had
similarly been granted a decoration by the Franco forces
during the Spanish Civil war. -related it was understand-
ing that for the next three or four years, Philby underwent
severe hardship since he was attempting to earn a livelihood
forlnzand his five minor children in En lan .In 1955.-Prime Minister Macmillan "clear'ed & in Parliament
of any complicity in the Burgess and Maclean incident. He had i
at this time obtained employment as a newspaper man and
subsequently was assigned to the Midd1e-Eaet.
Rvmsi Bmmm Lmmm t_ E , 11»- me Philby through ,1
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i/ll-5*L5 : 7.l ~ -- -- " "1 nave s. nice at here. Ev: f .-¢_erytl1tng is swell." . ._ I Ik! He made no reference to his
4 __ ..-5 f . .Phiiby in chanq Mom '92i1lIld a marble _pii1ar, and ran-
/ 1 . h 92} ;- DOI92&wLBCL8BI1 and Guy Bur-fBRI,,_.._e..
BPUTTED I
Calls Moscow Marvel s
MOS W, Jan. 2 Reuters!92 . A. ilb , a former Brit-
is agent an diplomat who
'92iiiT|iSFit"d from the Middle Eastiinto the Boviet Union nearly
ytwo years ago, eemrged briey
yrrom Moscow concealment to-
day and said the tound the
Soviet Union "Marvelous" ab-
solutely wonderful." _
~formcr Foreign Oiiice official
was spotted in the marble lob-
by of the Ukraine Hotel by a
correspondent who had known
, Jhim in the Middle East. . ,shunned westerners in Moscow}
i It was the rst time t
Philby, the third man said ic|
have warned two British diplo-_mats who were Soviet .92piO5.
gcs. i at British security men
_were about to arrest them. had
been sighted by Westemersfsince Jlli. 23, 1963. He disapl;
peered in Lebanon while work-*
ing as a correspondent. i
Wearing an Englishr tweedjacket, annel trousers and a]
red woolen shirt, Philby des-
scribed by the Russians as al
British intelligence agent"look-
ed as ii he was about to takea dog tor a walk tn one of
London: fashionable perks. .
Asked how he was progress-
ing tn learning Russian. Philby
wiggied his hands in the air
and, with a alight stutter, re-
plied: Cornme oi, oornme ca.".
Children _ In England _
He said his children were in.
§l_ng_land at preient and added 'OYIET
Looking deboneir and tit. thethq soviet Union. Burgess died
hospital in August, 1963, at thep
..., _l y, ,.
J
. 1.--r,.=~,.---~-i I.-.-.-er -i I"Was alone, studied a large
Ipost-er in the hotel lobby an-
nounci programs.A r s. few words of 1are-
w , he moved off and -sat
i wn in a hotel armchair. A ;
ew minutes later he moved be-
ished. '
Mrs Phllhy joined her husl -
band in Moscow more than ILyear ago and later went to New
York. Her present whereabouts
Fig unknown. .
On July 1, 1963, the British
iGovern.ment admitted in a House
0! Commons statement thatPi-iilby was the "third man"rwho warned Burgess and Mac-|Iean in 1951 that they had I.
itew hours left before. British
"security would arrest them. '
i Burgess and Maclean ed to
of heart disease in a Moscow
age of 52. Maclean still works
in a publishing house, but has
during his 13-yeer my 1-he:-e.i
_ Philbys casual appearance ln;
a large Moscow hotel may mean
-that his period oi total seclu-
sion ls over and that from new
on he will be allowed to mingle
with Westerners it he chooses.
Premier Aleksei N. Kaeyginiis to pay an-official visit to
London early this year. Con-1
celvabiy the Russians want toj
normalize the case of third
man" Philby before the Premier!
{aces British reporters.
Phlllsy, e. Cambridge gredinate and now a Sovieygitizcn, is ,
s. son or St. J0l'i hilby, a -1.9
noted exp1oreri.a...Aaahrs._
05¢?
ll
wife. Eleanor, or to his worki
tn Moscow. although it has
been reported that he works.in a Moscow publishing house;It is not know whether he
maintains any connection with-I2/4"! ,.
J» ii
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Tlmel Herold
The
The
NewWcilhinqion Dolly NQWB -_-
Evening Star ii---
York
York
York
York
York PostHerold Tribune ._...i-_
Journal-American ......__
Mirror
Daily News __-i-New
New
New
Ngw
omonu FOIA} no. an L ' !
unmzn sures oof LNMENT !
Memorandum
7° nnmccron, FBI Lg! Um:
F2-23-65
"° f sac, saw FRANCISCO uni! P!
_ n_/92/I I
/JSUBJECT meow ADRIAN RUSSELL PHILBY, aka
asp - n_
oo: NEW YORK '
Re San Francisco letter, 1-18-es.
There are enclosed for the Bureau five !
copies of a letterhead memorandum dated 2-23-65, and
captioned as above. Two !'copiea of the letterhead
memorandum are enclosed for New York.
92
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In Reply, Please Refer I0
' FYI: No.I .__-n.__.' - I Tow :73 l R I' in UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT UF JUSTICE
-.___ FEDERAL BUREAU 01-" INVESTIGATION
San Francisco, California
February 23, 1965
-H*iR°1:D,§2R14;N RUS5E!:L PEIPBY
The "San Francisco News-Call Bulletin ,
January 19, 1965, edition, contained the following
information: '
1/
ilby, has returned to Moscow She"MRS. ELEANun PHILBY, American wife2%: British deieizltor Harold A. a. 'Kim"
l anished in the United States in July,
.1./.
1/
m
/1*but was seen by people in Moscow who cir-
culate in Western Communist circles. An
4 American citizen, she reportedly returned
via Mexico and Cuba. Friends say she is
bitterly disappointed because she had to re-
turn without her daughter by e previous
marriage, Her former husband, journalist /w, », /1-'" /.,Sam Pgggyrewer, filed a suit in New York "*'
last y charging there was imminent danger<*
his ex-wife would take their daughter, then
15, to Russia. Brewer,
the UN for the New York
of the child."
The "San Francisco
1965, edition, contained the
tioned "Defector's Wife Back
Moscow:
"Moscowa correspondent at
Times, won custody
Chronicle", January 20,
iollowing article cap-
in Moscow", datelined
"Eleanor Philby, American wife of
British detector Harold A. R. Kim! Philby,
has returned to Moscow,
terday.it was learned yes-
"Mrs. Philby vanished in the United
States in July. She failed in an attempt
__,TRqg1b win custody of her daughter by a previousGOPIES Db" marriage to journalist Sam Pope Brewer."
J§ygEL__§Ei? _______________________ __¢-¢-1--_n-1-_n-_-_-_-.__.--,.-,-"-|
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions
of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;
it and its contents are not to be distributed o de your agency.4li"I.'IlIll!II!::::!!iiE%;,? To
-I ..-- ...~. . .. ..-up-.-a n 4,-H-a--..._....
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HAROLD ADRIAN RUSSELL PHILBYll? _ _ _ _. _ ' '
The "San Francisco Examiner" in its January 20,
1965, edition contained the following article under the
caption "vanished wife Now in Moscow , datelined AP Moscow:
"MOSCOW - AP! - Hrs. Eleanor Philby,
American wife oi British defector Herold
A. R. Kim! Philby, has returned to Moscow,
it was learned yeeterday.
"Mrs. Philby, who vanished in the United
States in July, reportedly returned via Mexico
and Cuba. Friends reported that she is
bitterly disappointed because she had to return
without her daughter by a previous marriage."
92 <
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Legat, London
FBI rector,
/' 00.1 Ina-I w92 4II921v-0 - U -92-I--_-|- - J -m-_-_- -_--¢ nnnunu nuninn nusennn PHLLBX, a,4 Kim Philby
ESP - R
In connection with
activities oi the subject as
and Guy Burgess, it is noted
attended Cambridge University.
1933 while Maclean and Burgess
addition, Burgess remained at C
year 1934-35.eu
we
th
>
From the information
appears that these three individ
led them to become Soviet espio
For example, Hac1eans mother st
he had communist leanings at col
been received that Burgess was a
and Philby has been described by
communist while in school.
You are referred to in
gs rom 1934 to
_c student communist group and was
international field of communis
to the U.S. where he was
>+ intelligence agents.
i::1 - New York _g.
I H ' r.--- awmag
"3" A k
"Iii ' ":9?
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eentinuing study of
1 as those of Donald
t all three of these
Philby attended from-1.
11/4/65
the
laclean
individuals
1929 to
oth graduated in 1934. Inmbridge as a lecturer for t J
K
ich
ais
age
tedhas been developed, it '
began their careers which
agents while at Cambridge.-
that her son told her tnm;
ege. Further, information has
active communist at Cambridcea former tutor as a militangi
f 1
ormation furnished to zgu bymemorandum dated 6/25/63, eaptio en _ _.which reported information furnighed gy $ an ericancitizen, concerning his experien es .
Cambrid I .
ht
by several Soviet
LE r
I-"-n-miwhile a s udent at _
that time he joined a
ruited tor work in theOn instructions he traveied
Q O0: New YorkOPTICINIL TDIFIW NU IQ ' H5 "Q°§ 92* '::x:T$tov L L
M L'N|TF,D ST/92Tl'_.S G92 1'.RN§92lENT
Memorandum
TO IDIRECTOR, FBI Q! DATF-I 1/5/55
PROM a r=sAc, SAN FRANCISCO a RUC!
-...--l,//921/_,1l_/ //_ ]sunlscw: HAROLD ADRIAN RUSSIILLMPIHILBY, aka I
ESP - R
Re San Francisco letter dated 12/20/65.0!
r_ There are enclosed for the Buxeau five copies of
I a LHH dated and=captioned as above. Two copies of this LHbl1 are enclosed for New York. _ I
t .1
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S A UNITED STATES Dl5l'92l{'ll921l£.N'l !F JUST-ICE
.-- _ FEIJEIKAL. BUREAU U]- lNVES'llCA'1'lUN
lnR¢5,HmwR4wm San Francisco, California 92
MNm January S, 1966
- .1-'@|IiI:lI.~IIIIII ullllllinv //l *
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Slilil. 1 - -_ --_.. M.-
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The December 23, 1965, edition of the San Qrancisco
Chronicle page nine, contained an article attributed to the
Associated Press, captioned "Dcfector's Wife Leaves Soviet Union.
The article was as follows:If
t'1 H'1;";< 1»;-;:=:'1~nn92-y.~,[,
£209 nvemm
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of
the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your
agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside
your agency. {Jag* V* PTJF'f{-' -___~ T tc ,' in' 92 .* 1 ,'. - 92 . I i
__ <'---~-__ __ _ _ ~ 7 _ ~; _ _ - ,,;___,___ e_a_-. AZ _._.____ __l_ ., _ .4t , -- tttt to
O - _ .-- ; s *.92§; "
1*"..-._.--.-.--....-.-..~___...-_--
HAROLD ADRIAN RUSSELL PHILBY " §
92
"Eleanor Philby, the Amcricanborn wife of
double agent Harold K. Philby, has separated from r
her husband and left Moscow to live in Ireland, I
informed sources reported today.
"Hrs. Philby reportedly has taken an apartment
in a Dublin suburb to be near her son by her first
marriage to American newsman Sam Pope Brewer. She
retained her British citizenship after joining Philby
in Moscow in 1953.
"Philby, now 5H, is a former British intelligence
agent and newsman who disappeared from Beirut, Lebanon,
in 1963 and was granted political asylum in the Soviet
Union.0
"He was named as the man who tipped off British
Foreign Office defectors Guy Burgess and Donald
Maclean that British security agents were closing in
on them. Burgess and Haclean escaped to the Soviet
Union.
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BM» 1'" York 1" 2/1a/ee
e "Director; rs: mun: i
1% -av 1 92AL 1.-Lu": ~
HAROLD ADRIAN RUSSELL PHILBY
ESPIOAGE - R» I
ReBu1et 11/4/65, one copy or which was Iurnishnd toyour oiiice. f!
Thenais enclosed one copy of u letter iron Legal
Attache Lend <1 1; a 1/28/so 155 Q
4
.' I
& /5
YA , on a e nting out h t it is
impossible to v hW The Bureau desires to obtain information concerning
Amer can tudents in attendance at Cambridge University from i
1931 to 1937, who might have known ?hi1by, Burgess or Haclean,
or might have been engaged in subversive activitiee in college.
In the attached letter the Legal Attache raters to an orgeni~
zation which was located on lower Broadway in New York City and
has a name similar to International Students Association. This
organization is believed to have records concerning American
students attending schools abroad. You should attempt to identity
this organization and, it no information is contained in your
files which would make a contact undesirable, you should checkthe tiles oi that organization ier the requested iniermntiontig!
It in noted that the original oi the Bureau
0 students ere was for th names at
iron 1931 1937
i 1: 92 -~- Q
I Enclosure
___ 2 - Legat, London - iii: 1 - Foreign Liaison route through e; review!
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Memorandum
"'192,. TO : DIRECTOR, FBI G! DATE: 2/9/66
I I I
E Q-FR1 _ FRQM -.-J s LEGAT, LONDON in P!
@92 ~=r |
SUEWCTI HAROLD ADRIAN RUSSELL PHILBY, aka
ESPIONAGE - R
Re Legat let 1/28/66.
1 9292i Enclosed for the Bureau for information are
1 L two copies of an article that appeared in a London news-
paper, the contents of which are self-explanatory.
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Irvswwo aw/u~rnAnn.-wmnumf.-amuimx 20. rm-35
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iiim. London $@¢r.éi..régent.h* tcourt told
JOIIANNESBITRG. Wedn_o.=day.-A court/WB$;toid heretoday bi a. 'mysi.erious Loncioh secret agent. cutie-namrrdKim. and of how money rnr .~.-ubwusion entered SouthAfrica H'Il' l113]i the London-based Defence and Aid Fund.. the institute oi Race Rotations and the Christi:m,Institutc.ii
1
The nileinttiops were made bythe gii-nsnnutinn in .Iuimnm's-burr!-'1 Raiiionai Cmu-t wiiunAliriim i"'i_-.c 101'. n inrnier ieimliru.-bnrrisrrr. a|92pe.irr'zi on sen-i-ul'~'hl92FF'-l i_ inriudirif win IIHEFIIJII. i'iu'i.h0|-um of he aims . Of0pn1|n1irii=n1. _
Pisoiwr. 57.'a Qi1P¢'l'C0iln892?'|.{uuipwi iinii of £5000 in Januarymt _vor:r while he was llD11r'm-lm; wiih i3 0l,hPI'i'i on 031.1: 11: . ' 9 .i under this country; aupprrstinnof Cnmmi.mi.:m. "
Heavily diinmiq-d, he wasrecapiureq by -Ii-erruriiy poiire in.a Jnhannosburg guburb 10nioiitiw iaier.
The Hmte Prma-:mur_ Mr, J I-IU Lirhorii-org Mic-god rmu Ft-.chvirlam-r his dis-npprvarniivv slayr-dfur n nmnth or murn at a fnrinnt Rwwiiuurg Pu |rI1iP.'- fromJ0ilnli!i'¥=1.iilrI prop.-|rini_I his rim-llumn bi-r01. returning L0 John u-
mirsburg.
HI: disguise
j whnn recaptured on Novenibrr 11. Fischer was N!l1iTliy
recngnisaiiie as the, man who; had aiasconcind, mid theFrosrciitor. Iiv was muchhinnrr. his hairline had grvatiyrocniml and his sii92'er-grny hairIns black
'lodm' hr npwarr-ci to have
rmaiiieci hi.92 Orii-_1Lm92i lu::'i|.ue.and looked quiln uniiiuo thvI liimtogi-nnh of tho dark-hr-o.rrir~n
-man nhnwn in thr court in_ iiiu~.rmu92 how in looked wiien- i.FC1IDiill'l'.
u Whrn i"F -11i,IilillPd. mid iiho
promcunu-. Pisciir-r had in hmp-lmeasirn certain "incr1rn1ni=n-
were for tii.maic.1 to hi.s-L-und-miI ing" do-iumvnls. name of which""-*%'--i ' _|
mnmci. "the I'ii}'.'i'. .i'l92'!U.° are-m.Kim," *-
Ai-ui rialmrd Hi huvr beenfound in F'i.~rhi'|"s uos.92e_=-mun '!'l'{' i':92l.'w- or-:uci.a_ f}'l|r!..ihfSand items of wmm-r~.'.< clothing.
in-carding no the prmtulion.
' They've fled '
"lhr- prorv-cution said it wouldht: shtw-'11 that F'i'R-i"i'| 'I' hm! hm-iiin cun~=i.a.ni roiimrt wiih Kim.
and hnri H92'C|l3.i1i-{Gd letters
written lli code nith him.
S£'vE!i';i| Wii.]iP.'1$ R vriin Wrreinterim-ri in give evkionrn for ihrstatc had fivd 92'WPl'.'i-.i. accord-liig in Lin p|'o!~cu|Iiun
Ahmir 30 police lzuardrd theapiiriinriies to I-If 1-rniri-.itr~;iurtc-r.~ wnrr Hli'iClIV 92'eiL0dby nr-curlty br:ui<'ii nu-n beforebeing aflowml to e-uier.Fi5 h!i'. wrm cferled .-92l'l"!tli'iNaiiuiialisis in Suuih Africa}
most. nnzaiiie *lbOiBR¢ trill. wasiwiwved twin the rriii of ldvo¢cams barri.sl.cr.=! nlirr hi.5-dLs-
lppe-1 ram:-e uncicrgrnund.
In -tildition to the charm Offurtln-r ng the aims of Cim|mun-i.-inn. Fflschwr was aim ncciw.-d-of
br'lmr'a IIiPlT1lJtr of an uninwfu!
nr1§!92i1l5MPiun llhn CommuniaiParty Ls banned in Sou-thAfricni. SIX counts of fraud. andchnrRr.~ uiinaing ]J §v|' Si 92n 6! a.fn-I: dr1'vrr'a licence and | f'HLllj'Cm .
'Iiw C!il'l1I@-'3 w.ii ix» ap¢~cii'i::|ilyi'|'amm at in» and or the stateP92'i ll'Pflr_'l'.
.'I'I1f Doll-nee and Aid Fund
pruvldn legal. assistance to!Q0p!e in political f-!ii92lS um!{wins their dependants. ...TheI
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_ i!fi'3.;.§I/ |E.'§i'iii'§." li.f-.[-war if
Institute of Rae» Relations ix an|_uiti-racial, mainly fI»C1'|92lldiiIiZ.body which aims at iiriiiriivingrace relations The Cii:-istmnInstitute in an lnie|92den0|:nma~iiohal organisatiun to promotemuigl-racist Chriatlan Uiiii-J.,._ i
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Legat, London ~ 3/1/66
iDirector, FBIEW - J /fr. I ~
HAROLD ADRIAN RUSSELL PHILBY, aka
Kim -
ESP - R
u
V Reurlet 2/9/66 enciosing a newspaper articie
from the "Evening Standard" for January 26, 1966.
It is noted that the above article concerns one
Kim who was alleged to be the London contact tor one
Abram Fischer who was arrested in South Africa in
November, 1965, on a charge oi furthering the aims of
communism. The Bureau does not understand why this article -
was submitted under the caption oi this case. It is known
that one of the nicknames of Philby is Kim; however, it
does not appear that the individual mentioned in the
referenced article is identical with Philby since Fischer-
was arrested in November, 1965, and had in his possession
a code address to Kim in London. Philby has not been in
London for several years.
You should check with your sources to determine '
if the Kim mentioned in the article is Philby.
1 - Foreign Liaison Unit Route through/or review! _
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' " a .55. no 21;__.L"_13;n STATES G 'E.RNMl?.N'1 '
Memorandum 92
Director, _FBI W ~ DATE: 3/23/66 9
Legat, L011d0n Q
L 92
HAROLD ADRIAN RUSSELL PHILBY
ESPIONAGE - R
. !
ReBu1et 2/18/66 making reference to the years 1939 and1940 as set forth in London let 1/28/66. This London let.should have read 1931-40, not 1939-40. !
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In this context this office suggests that the Bureau
give considerati t ' 'on 0 reinterviewingn along
these lines, particularly in regard to the identities of ,,
Americans, In the event the Bureau does condu t 'c reinterview
it 1s requested that London be informed of such in this file
with cop desi t d _y gna e for London file j! 7o_J -Hi _ "'
In reference to the strong suspect mentioned in i
. paragraph two, this office has not, thus far been advisedof his identity. This matter will continue to be pursueil!
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Director, FBI
HAROLD ADRIAN RUSSELL PHILBY
ESP - R
Reurlet 3/23/66c .1
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Concerning your suggestion that '
be intervieyed concerning Americans attending Cambridge '
University, the Bureau agrees
E1170/Izoeure f_ ~ f92r.¬/,_ H-r" ..
? A 1- _. - A SEE NOTE PAGE TWO @"?1..
*__ Le gat , London i 4/6/66 0 i
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he might have such information
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k RE: HAROLD ADRIAN RUSSELL PHILBY -4 133 a
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' regarding his years in attendance at that school from 1934 to
1937. WFO should arrange to interviewdllllllllto determine
if he has such information available and it he has any
information indicating that any Americans were involved incommunist activities. ' J
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92
-.
A review is being made of Bureau files concerning
persons on this list who attended Trinity92Col1ege and Trinity
Hall and you will be furnished with the results of this review.
WFO and New York should also review files of these individuals'1 and submit the results in letterhead memorandum form.
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1ITIDNLL FORM NO l"| II"-I'J<A1IJ .
R_;MY ml; rnlJ.r* GSA GEN. REG. NO 21
UNITED STATES GO' LNMENT
Memorandum
Ky DIRECTOR, FBI gt nmm: 4/1s/so _
92' A o= FROM 92]_.EGAT, LONDON r4 , UP £9 92o
/ sUB]EG'1: HAROLD ADRIAN RUSSELL HII.-BY
E 0
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ReBu1et 4/6/66 i
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In view of the above, this office recommends that -
e names appear oninquiries concerning the individuals whos _ . _
be l'mited to those 1nd1v1dua1S the enclosure to reBu1et not 1
who attended Trinity College or Trinity Hall but, rather,an indices review be conducted on a¥}'whose names appearREC-e A A
3 - Bureau " _ z |;§@1£Y. . -""""_' """"""""'-'1 '*92III-nu-1 - Liaison sent direct! y. ;
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D1:-ec1;o1g£§i3[922 8 -"
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nanonn ADRIAN RUSSELL PHILBY
nspxouaen - RUSSIA
n-__i-I|.n. Alllnlnn Ll! __,__ ___92- _..n ._92__n_1- 4.. _.n.J._._92___.|Ii-Bu1'.L'§ l/.l.O/ DU, U119 CUPY BIC UI WHICH ILB HIEUHC £1for New York and Washington Field Offices. I!
The Bureau does not agree with your suggestion that
the review of Bureau files and the files of the New York and
Washington Field Offices should be expanded to include the
names of 85 Americans who attended Cambridge University,during
the years 1930 through 1934. These are the years during which
the subject, Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess_attended that
¢:r92l92r92n'l' An -unn warn I-rilrl I-Btu 1-Inf in 'I'nnnnin1n+n nnrl nnuareK K I I Y"Cl Iii W1 IIYQQ Um UIQQIJ lu Ina Y llpv W CI-I-l92l i? $15, ll Ell
only the four years of the pertinent riod
includes 85 names.
and
are directed to all who attended those
two schools during that period it will mean investigation of
over 500 American citizens with no basis for such inquiry infact.
As an example of the above, the Bureau has located
a book entitled "Register of Rhodes Scholars 1903-1945"
published by Geoffrey Cumberlege, Oxford University Press,
1950. This book shows that from 1930 - 1939 there were 32
Rhodes scholarships per year awarded to U. S. citizens making
a total of 320 individuals who attended Oxford during that
10-year period. Thus, from this source and the incomplete
records we have of Americans attending Cambridge from 1939 to1934 we have a total of 405 names. Q
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Therefore, in the absence of my additional intonnation
the le reviews presently bung conducted by the Bureau,New York and KFO will be restricted to those American citizenswho attended Trinity College or Trinity Hall, the schools which
were attended by Philby, Burgeoe and unclean during the ye rs1930 through 1934. A ' L J
92
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' ,1;.D STATES DVERNMENT
Memorandum
Fnonb: sac, NEW YORK ll> Sff
1
'1 SUBJECT! HAROLD ADRIAN RUSSELL PHILBY
ESP-R ,,
/PA
ReBu1ets ?/18/66, H/6/66, captioned matter.
I
; 92i ~.' 92
=.92~-~ T0 : DIRECTOR, FBI h DATE; 5/l9/66
. at ,
Investigation by the NYO has determined that the
organization referred to by the Legat is apparently theInternational Student Service, located at 291 BroadwayqI'Q
92 New York City
, Inter»
national Student Service]i§9l Broadway, NYC, was contacted
by the NYO and advised that International Student Service
- is an autonomous organization underi of the YHCAS. She advised that the
only with foreign students studying
and does not deal with nor have any
could think of no organization that
Inquiry with the British Information Services anthe National Council
organization deals
in the United States
records of any
American students studyingebroad. She stated that she
would maintain records
on American students studying abroad prior to World War II,
[Z1
agency of the British_government!, EH5 Third Avenue, NYC,
- - neither Agent's identity nor connection with the Bureau
Universities.was disclosed! determined that there is no official alumniorganization in this country for either Oxford or Cambridge Q
1/3; . y -EEC 5~ Buealj 7 V, = ,__..~.:-_-1 1;. _ ._ Washington Yield RH!.hNq , W i|,,'
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The British Information Service did advise, however,
that there is an organization in the United States called
Association of American Rhodes Scholars, and advised that
this association issues a publication entitled "TheiAmerican _
Oxonian". This publication is actually a directo? containing
not only the names, addresses and occupations of Rhodes
Scholars, but also sets forth the names, addresses and
occupations of other Americans who have studied at Oxford.
The British Information Service advised that althouhh the
directory was probably not allinclusive, it undoubtedly
set forth the identities of most Americans who have overiversity. { I! 5
.. Ythe years studied at Oxford Un 1
"The American Oxonian" is published by the Associa-
tion of American Rhodes Scholars. The secretary and businessmanager of the association is *1. Academy. ofNatural Sciences, 19th and the Parkway, " elphia, faxii
Inquiry at the New York Public Library determined
that the library subscribes to"TEFAmerican Oxonian" and _
back issues of this bublication are available for review -q5,. . .... .. V 92jJI
The Bureau is92requested to advise if it desires the
NYO to review the back issues of "The American Oxonian"
and to compile a listing of Americans who attended Oxf
University from 1930 to l9HU.
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Rourlct dated 5/19/66, one copy oi which is onnloaafor the Lcgat, London. !
-- Roiot roquoutod the Bureau to advise it your ottico
should review copios oi "Tho Amoriclu Oxonian" in ordor to
compile u list oi Americana who ntudiod ct Omtord University
from 1930 to 1940. This publication lists :11 Americans,
including Rhodes Scholars, who attended Oxtord University.
Bulot to Logat, London. dated 4/28/66 with copy tor your ottico
advised that the book captioned "Register of Rhodes Scholars
1913-1945" contuind the nouns 0! Annricann who attended
Oxford University as Rhodes Scholars. You should, therefore,
compile n list tron the above-captioned publication oi Americans
other than Rhodes Scholars who attended Oxford and submit intorn suitable for dissemination. IE ;,92-1»
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° 'i#~@. I-IFU UIQW
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5U gm-; ILKROLD AJJRIAW RUSSELL PHILBY
ESP-R'I'l'92 1 92..T1I-kl
t. Enclosed herewit are five copies for Bureau, one
for New York, of LHN dated d captioned as above, reflectinginterview of on 6/6f66, by 5A @"!
1' 1
92
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- 1.':'é.'0 e SLP 9 nruUN1 ED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATIO
III Reply. Please Refer to
M M» June 1.=s~, S19 66
um--1.o nuslan RUSSELL PHILBY
ESPIONAGE-RUSSIA if _
_ s interviewed June 6,
1966, by a representative of the Federal Bureau of Investi~
gation, and queried concerning his recollections of Americans
who attended Cambridge University and were involved in communistactivities or recruited by Soviet Intelligence. Fl!
recalled he attended Cambridge University
from 1934 to 1937, and was domiciled at Trinity College. advised at that time he had become almost completely
British and had no special relationships with any Americans.
He explained further that in addition to the fact most of his
associates were British the Americans at Cambridge were mostlygraduate students and their brief tenure reduced the oossiaiity
of meeting them and developing lasting friendships. 92--}
The list of eighty-five Americans who are known
to have attended Cambridge University between the years
M30-193/+, were displayed to This listing, includes
twenty individuals who were domiciled at Trinity College and
two who lived at Trinity Hall, however, it is noted the above
period just preceded the time Wl16T."1*~'8.S an under-graduate at the university. '%t advised he could not
identify anyone from the list of Americans described above
as an acquaintance, or as known to him during his student
days. He said after coming to the United States he thinks he
may have met while both wereremployed atthe 1f so, it was a very casual U u
acquaintance. ' '-'
-inn-..-,.- .. -._ M. *1-ISCBL ' ul.
University he had known . 1¬:I'lC3.Il, who was
a graduate student in economics. U recalled he was
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rxmzoto Aoxnmw Russ;-;i.L PHILBY L
also studying economics and they were mutual admirers of the
late economist Lord John Maynard Keynes. ~ Stated he
knew as a communist sympathizer and believes
may have attended Trinity College and may have been a member
of the Trinity communist study group, or cell, as it was
known. ' did not know where came from ani could
furnish no biograohical data concerning him. He concluded
stating he thought perhaps W615 E-1 genuine honestI-iarxi st economist. ,
a also recalled another American who attended
Cambridge University in 1935 or 1936, who was a member of the
____._____1_. __ .4. __ __ a___ __ . __ W ____ __4_communist cell at one of the col leges. could notremember which college and said it could have Eeen Trinity
College, Trinity Hall or possibly another. This young man
was the son of however, could not recallthe name at first. He finally said he Eelieved the surname
might be stated this young man was a shy,
mild mannered individual, of good appearance-and pleasant -
dispositio said he did not know him well and
thought he may have met him at a fraction meeting or perhaps
some arty or other get together of the communist oriented studentsi said he felt this young man had been "drawn in whilea studenL and was not a dedicated communist. wfurther
described W as a nice lad and sai" he wasabout five feet eight inches in height, with black hair.
* further advised t
was a British student at Cambridge University from about
to 1936, who later became an American citizen and attended
Yale University. was a member of the student communist
or;_;anization and was domiciled at St. Johns College. t
said he is certain- lost interest in the communist cause
about 1938 or 1939, and gave it no further thought. He
recnller.1|l1a'.92 served in the war and after receiving brief
officer's training was dropped behind the lines in France and
was injured. He returned to the United dtates where he was
discharged. and reenteredi Yale University. -advised is uresently living in *, and HQ
*
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HARoLu maim RU.-35.:;LL I-I-IILBY ' i L
Q also recalledl as an American
student at Cambridge University 933-1936! whom he knew.
He advised was not connected iith the communist inovement
in any way and was not a arently interested in politicalmatters, said belonged to the Pitt Club which
was an innocuous social "luncheon club!" said Qis nox._- residing and is engaged in
w further recollected there was a
by the name 0* who attenfed Cambridge University
when he was there add who for a year or two, about 1935-1936, was
a member of one of the communist cells. This man was a graduate
student and was preparing for a career in diplomacy at the time.
. advised he did not know ha well h
and knew nothing of his background. He stated~had
committed suicide eight or ten years ago by jumpin out of awindow in l"lontreal, or perhaps tttawa, Canada. b
advised he had related the information just above to a member
of the British Intelligence Service about four or five yearsago during interview in .t1ashington, iJ,C.
advised off hand he could not recall any
Americans who had attended Uxford University but said he
would be happy to examine any ].ists of names from Oxford orany additional lists from Cambridge University for the purposa!
of possibly stimulating his memory.
has stated previously that he knew Guy de
Money Burgess. As matter of interest he was asked concerning
subject Harold Adrian Russell hilby and Donald uuar-t,*FIcLean
and advised he did not know either man. Q also stated
he did not know or
while he attended Cambridge University and could furnish no
information concerning either. I
i advised he could furnish no additional
information concerning Soviet Intelligence and did not know
of any intelligence recruitments among students at Cambridge
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