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_ mm com born in sum-u-mm, 12/12/10. Naturalized -*'Y% ' by derivation through father, SAM GOLD, who was-naturalpised 6/6/22, Certificate no. 1591.271» Residcd 6623 -
- N Kindred Street, Philadelphia, Pa, and employed at Phila-
"-Z: delphia General Hospital since 9/ 20/LB as chemist. Pres--; ently sorying in capacity of Chief Research Chmiste ' ' t?
7 I Q Brother,:,-'JOSEPiI, an mloyee of l_~IavalAir Supply Depot, ..,, ~92 Philadelphia, and father, SAM, a ca'bd.netmaker, reside - *, Q' 6823 Kiixired Street with subject. GOLD attended Public
School Systan in Philadelphia, being graduated in 1930. -9
Attended two years at University of Pennsylvania and c 3' _.§
plated work toward dipléama. at Drcxel Institute" of Technology, ° -
_ t -- being graduated in 1936. In 19141; took evening courses at Jjg ' _ . * _ St. Joseph's College. Was employed 1928 to 1938 by Pennsyl»-__
S A i ~ " venia Sugar Canpany as Assistant Chanist and Laboratory
_ - Assistsfrtq From193B to Il.9hO subject attended Xavier Urverh* 1" Mn ty "Ginci.Imat:I., Ohio, secmdng a degree. mm who to ._' _ Barb Fm 1/L6 employed by Pennsylvania Sugar Canpsw and afiliates '. .... w};|ge1;.'; chmiste ALI. persons interviewed at that place of @p $" - - .. . ,4 _ , . 1 J' MP1" DESTROYED .;. .|.- D»-/' "T/__4
"on I':|l 4 '10" 19' J -Z - _ .Forwarded: 1, _.___ _ I, is Charge _ I _ °"= om 1;_ h . ' T3 p I 11*" Q
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2 Ba1timors I.n£0¢! 5 New m-1; 5-15321;! ' Jun - 1950' _-
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ment unable to furnish aqpinfomation which woul corroborate hisespionage activity, with exception of payroll records reflectirgthat week ending 9/10/mt subject was on vacation, and 9/17/L5 subjectwas on vacation. Employees of Philadelphia General Hospital, Phila-delphia, Pa., can xrnish no information pertinent to this inquizy.Philadelphia confidential informants report no known Ccmzunist Partyactivity on part of xtuaaax com. On 5/15',19,21/50'1nte1-etewe of man!GOLD were conducted in Philadelphia Office of FBI. Subject requestedthat interview scheduled for 5/20/50 be postponed as he was physicallytired. During initial interview, GO denied ever havirg known, metor associated with EIJIL JULIUS E£t..tU;>%'CI-IS. On 5/22/SO GOLD, afterhaving given written consent'for a search of his premises at 6323Kindred Street, Philadelphia, admitted beirg the person to whom KLAUSFUCHS passed information. After completion of search and arrival atthe Philadelphia Office of _FBI, GOLD furnished a ten-page signed state-ment wherein he admitted his guilt. This statement has been set outverbatim. He also executed a signed statement expressing willingnessto rennin with Aitents of FBI for a period of'time in which to furnishmu details of s activities. J¬X3lIP§%G!LD, brother of subject, ep-peared at office. HARRY GOLD told his rother that he was the man towhcm KLAUS FUCHS gave the infonation on the atomic bomb. Relativeto GOLD's trip to Santa'Fe,'N.M. in Septsnber 191.5, guest cards ofPalmer House, Chicago, Ills, and the Hilton Hotel, Albuquerque, N.ll.,reflected residence on 9/16,17/h5 and 9/19/I45, respectively. FBILaboratory conducted handwriting comparisons and concluded subject.HARRY GOLD signed guest residence cards at both places. On 5/23/50a complaint was sworn to before USC,'EDNY, charging subject withviolation of Sub4.>ecticn A, Title 32, Title SO, U.S. Code. It hearu1:»; was held 5/23/50 before Federal Judge J.u11~:s P. McGR.ANERY, EDPa.Sub1ect'at this time admitted identity, and in default of bail setat ..lO0,000, was remanded to custocw of USE. GOLD during the periodfollowing his confession has £5.11-nished information re his contactswith Dr. FUCHS. He has also lrnished information concernizg hisespionage su ors and has tents identified two of than asbeing snnzjygmv and .-92NAI'OLI nw.
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DETAIIS: - 411- smntmmb P§NNSYLV."d§A_
This is a joint report of Special Agent YEILLIAH B WELTE JRand the writer. . ',- .
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'- 'In£0rmation had been received that HARRY LD, of 6623 Kimh-ed -Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was one of a number or individuals who weresuspected of being the American contact of HIIL JULIUS KLAOS FUCHS, who admittedIurnishi tng a mic secrets to this American 'Eo'n£act for tranmitE. to Russia. ' T-9, of known reliability, on 5-1-50!. __ _ _ _ '
II . BACKCHIOUND
' Information received trcm HARRY GOLD concerni hi back-ng s ownground wal obtained on lhy 19, 1950 by Special Agents T. SCOTT MILIEI, JR. andRICHARD E. BRENNAN. '
A. BIRTH AND CITIZEIBHIP
LO 'GO Q ed that he was born in Bern, Switzerland, December 12,1910, the son of SA]! and c2<:L1? eom. He said that his parents were both born inRussia and his ta had bee in Switzerland for about eight or ten years, fol-lowing the occupation oi cabinetmaker. His parents had immigrated to the UnitedStates in 19114, at which time the family rams was OOLODNITSKI. On arriving atEllis Island, they found that the family nam h d bo a een spelled in several dif-ferent ways, which delayed them for a short period of time in getting into theUnited State Ones. of tho Inmigration officers suggested to SAM GOID that hechange his name to GOLD.
A The GOLD family went to Little Rock, Arkansas, where they re-sided with a relative for a short period of time. In the late summer of 19114,they went to Chicago, Illinois, where they stayed for approximately nine or tenmonths while su GOLD worked in the stoclqards and coalyards. They stayed with -a friend of the rand]; in Chicago. Upon leaving Chicago, SAM GOLD went to Nor-folk, Virginia, in order to get employment in a shipyard there, while CELIA GOLDangDHARglI GOID came to Philadelphia and were joined shortly thereafter by SAIIO0 . ELIA GOLD '_ and HARE! OOID came to Philadelphia to reside with CELIA GOLD'sbrother. This was in the year 191$. .
Special Agent ROBERT B. LEONARD on Hay 211., 1.950 secured thefollowing information frcm Er. HENRY L. MOLE, District Fnrercement OfficerImnigration and Naturalization Service, Iafayette Building, Hziladelphia, 'Pennsylvania: _
man! com was issued a Certificate of Derivative Citizenislrlpunder Immigration and Natural.-l zation Service File 3-A-7159. No date was avail.-able, and the Philadelphia file had been destroyed. _.
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4;; es; .SDGOLD tiled a Petition for Oitizemhip on June 6 1921Petition Ho. M016, and was naturalised on June 6, 1922. His address at ltime Ian 26119 South Phillip Street, Philadelphia, and his occupation was acabinstnaker. He was born January 1, 1881, in Rusia, and entered the UnitedStates Ju1y_l.3, 1911;. Ho had been in Pennsylvania since October 15, 1911;. Hewas married and had ldrmz, HEINRICH GOLD, born December 12, 1910 inSwitzerland, and , born February 10, 1917 in Philadelphia. His -naturalization cert to number was 1591271. ' s -
Immigration records show the arrival or this individual. underthe name SAIBON GOLDNI'1'ZH¢
Hrs. nolmss w. PRENIE-1, Deputy cm-1: in Charge of mzwmwtion, United States District Court, 9th and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, produced for Specia1_ Agent LEONARD the records oi her officeregarding SAM G011!»
The first can was a Certificate of Arrival issued May 21, 1921,which indicated um SALB UJNITZKI ma arrived on July 1.3, 191;, as New YorkCityonboardt-heSS"Lap .= . "
' The second item was a Declaration of Intention, No. 115200, ThisDeclaration contained the following:
Name
Age
Occupation - '
_Color
Complexion
Height
WeightHair
Eyes
Born
Residence
Wife92 .
SAM §Q_I,_,-.
CabinetmakerWhite
Dark
§!6n
1110 pounds
Brown
-Hazel '
Kieff, Russia, January 1,-18812623 South Phillip Street
Immigrated to United States from
Aratiwerp on board SS "Lapland"
CELIA; born in Russia; residing Iith
husband; arrived New York July lb, 19114
This Declaration was signed EAR GOLD"and was dated January 11,
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. The third itcnin the files of the District curt was a Petition.tor. Naturalization, Ho". h8Ol6, This reected that SAM GOLD, 2623 South Phill.ip_ 'Street, e cabinetmaker, who was born January 1, lB81_aTE.'5'7, Russia, had migratedfrcm Antwerp, Belgians, on July h, 19114, on board the SS "Iapland." He declared '.-5his intention to become a citizen on January 17, 1919, in the District Oourt atPhiladelphia. OOLD's wife, CELIA, was born July 29, 1883, in Russia. BOLD had -Ztwo children, march com, born December J2, 1910, in Slitserland, and !osss, =-¢-"LOborn Fehrmry 10, 1.917, at Philadelphia. at the time or the petition they were .all residing with SA! GOLD. The petition further indicated that SAM GOLD had _ .resided continuously in the United States since July 13» 1911;, and had residedin the State or Pennsylvania since October 13, 1911;. The certificate was signed sun com" and was dated June 9, 1921.. - ' I
SAN GOID executed his oath of allegiance on June 6, 1922, and thecourt order admitting the petitioner, SAM GOID, was issued June 6, 1922. _'- 1
Certificate of Naturalization No. 1591271 was also issued June 6,1922, in the United States District Court at Philadelphia; "
' Gourt records contained no further information regardizg HARE! IOOH!, nor did they or Imigration records show a legal change of mus for SA]! .GOLD. Both llrs. PRENDE1 and '4 MULLE advised that SAM GOLD had apparently -
changed his name himself and it had not been challenged or recorded in the-court records as a legal change, although it had apparently been accepted assuch when his naturalization certificate was issued.
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C " Hum com es interview advised that he had the following "relatives: . - - ~
em com, 6823 Kindred Street, Phila¥- "e phia, Ps., employed by the Zeyher "
llanufacturing Company. ~
CELIA GOLD, deceased, 1911?. '
JiSE_§'_QQ1Q 6823 Kindred Street,
Philadelphia, Ps., employed as aclerk for the Naval Aviation Supply
Depot, Philadelphia, Pa.
slmnxdtnr.
AI.BEEl?¥IIN Son of Shams!, Bronx, NJ.
R. RIC s 1* hamson o S !,New York City; employed in s Jewelry
business.
nude Son of s hams.! , Philadelphia,Ps.; enployed 22 years with the Public
Ledger.
JO Son oi Shana!, Philadelphia,Pa. ; ployed in clothing business.
GOLD advised that there are no lmcmn living relatives of hisfamily in Europe.
The files of the Philadelphia Office disclose that Hr. - 'HOWARD CUNNINGHAM, Philadelphia County Detective Division, mrnishedthis office a list of names of individuals who signed the 1910 cemmietParty Nominating Petition, having signed the same with knowledge ofthe nature and e of the Pet io . On this list were contained _-' the nanss J%E and R , 3312 North Hsgert Street, 'Philadelphia, Pa. At the presen time it is not known if this JOSEPH'I..UHIN is identical with the cousin oi HARRY GOLD previously mentioned. ' -
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' The tiles of the Philadelphia Office con ' no further 'rega.rd.1.ng the aforementioned relatives of HARRY GOLD. '
1. FATIE-1' - SAM , Also Known As ON G0___ 3 nsg andSALJE _ 3 __ _
Special Agent WILLIAII E. HUGHES, on May 26, 1950, interviewedHr. HOWARD G. ZEYHE2, Manager of the Zeyher Manufacturing Company,Incorporated, Sth std Buttonwood Streets, Philadelphia, Pa., who advisedthat SAMUEL GOLD, an employee oi their company, was completely beyondany suspicion insofar as his loyalty was concerned.
The only record maintained by Zeyher Manufacturing Company,Incorporated, was a 3" x S" index card listing SAMUEL GOLD began working for tint company June 21;, l9h6 and -was still so employed,although he had not reported for work this week. SAMUEL 'GOLD's residencewas listed as 6823 Kindred Street, Philadelphia, Pa., and his Social _Security Number was 160-OS-14276. There was a notation that GOLD'swife died September 26, 19147. There was also a_ notation that in caseoiemergency the company should notify his son, JOSEPH GOLD, who was1emp eyed at the Naval Aviation Supply Depot, 0:d"o'17d Ivenue and MartinsMill Road, Philadelphia, Pa. '
_ The Newark Office advised that employment records oi R.C.A.Victor Camden N.J ', , . , contain the following information regarding SA]!GOLD, subject's father:
He was bom January 1, 1881 at Ruff, Russia. His parentswere HENRY and ANNA, both or whom were born in Russia. SAM GOLD wasnaturalised in 1922 in Philadelphia, Pa. under Certificate 1591271,Volume 193, Petition 148016. His wife 's name was CELIA and he hadtwo sons, HENRY and JOSEPH. He was employed by R.C.A. , December 2h,1916 to January 31, 19h6 with periodic, short-term layoffs. He wasemployed G8 Head Sander in the Cabinet Department prior to 19142, andas a Stock Handler to 19146. His average salary was 8140.00 to $50.00per week at the time of retirement. He is presently receiving apension of $25.96 from R.C.A. He holds Traveler's Insurance CompanyGroup Policy G103 in the amount of $2,500.00 with beneficiaries named -as being his sons, HENRI and JOSEPH, each to receive half. His Social QSecurity Ntmber is 160-O5-14276. Former empl t was listed by 'SAM GOLD as larch t Sc eptember 1929 by GEORGE ' ISS, Girani Avenue '-and Berks Street, Philadelphia, Pa. ; and J to April 1930 by
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Philco Radio Corporation, B and Ontario St:-eets,'>P adelphia, Pa.The latter employments were during layoffs at R.G.A. SA!received excellent and very good ratings" and there was nothing ' derogatory in his records regarding his work, conduct, attitude, 'character or loyalty.
. In the_ preceding section of this report, infumation is setout concerning SAM OOLD's citizenship applications.
The files of the Philadelphia Office contain no informationthat can be identified with SAM GOLD under his true name or aliases.
2. Bgpayjzn - JOSEPI-if com, 4150 Known *AsYOU
The following infomation was obtained by Special Agent 'WILLIAM E. HUGIES on May 26, 1950 from Mr. -C. E. SHOEHAKIZR, IndustrialRelations Officer of the Naval Aviation Supply Depot, Oxford Avenueand Martins Hill Road, Philadelphia, Pa. . .
Civil Service A lication - pgated DEE if _i . '
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Deleted under exemption s! e- _ - with no segregeble "
material available for release to you.
information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subiect of your request.
Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Documents originated with another Government agencyes!. These documents were referred to that
agencyes! for review and direct response to you.
Pages contain information furnished by another Government agencyes!. You will be advised by the FBI as
to the releasability of this information following our consultation with the other agencyes!.
Page s! withheld for the following reason s!:
For your information: _
E/The following number is to be _used for reference regarding these pages:
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... _ um. LOUISE mum volunteered the information um. .ros1'-:Pn col worked under her ime-ate rvisiop from _tha,time hqsbegan rk at -,-.qthe Naval Aviation Supply 1% until about February 19 O, _ ~stated he Ow 1:; excellent worker is very highly regarded by everyone who
kn .Hr1_1-IUWLAND rd-ated at ll. GOLD, on a innnber 0It
occasions? H to Feb 1% oned tha»t,his h13o't1'§r,imBF£ had a. serious is iixrut a. girl wtn lved in" """"" "'G61-manta; Q me oned the name of this Qrl.The files of the Philadelphia Office contain no information 'that can be identified with JOSEPH GOLD under his true name or alias./ ;'
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C.RmIDEN ' _n
man: GOLD, en interview, gave the tollolnnglresidencesa '
2919 South Phillip Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania duri mm school!'26¢!! block South Phillip Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylva-nianfa different -number from that above, durim high school and up to about 1931! '25ho South Phillip Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 931-1938! 9 _5032 Boudinot Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania6823 Kindred Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania August 191;]; to present!
. GOLD explained that a short period of time in 1932 he residedin Jersey City, New Jersey, while employed there by the HOLBROOK HANIIFACIURIM_ COMPANY during his layoff at the FENIBYLVAHEA SUGAR COMP.-1N1.
rte records of tut Dreauel Institute tr Technology in Philadel-his disclosed that rtuanr com had -urnished the address 19 Glendale Street,Cincinnati, Ohio, dur1ng_ the summer or 1936, ' . '' ' ' The Declaration of Intention filed by subject: father, SM! GOLD,on January 17, 1919, listed the GOLD r ides once as being 2623 South Phillip Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. '
_92. <'- In 19b6, while com YES mployed by w AND Assocmrrs iin Elmhm-st, New York, he re idedt at h209 Hampton sueet,
D' V
Special Agent JOSEPH E. SPIVEY on May 2h and 25, 1950 conducted - the following investigation at the following institutions oi learning:
Mir, GERGE J. l£ENI'Z, Assistant Secretary and Business Manager, ' 7Philadelphia Public Schools Administrati, on Building, 21st Street and Parkway,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, furnished the following information regarding thesubject: ' '
HARRY GOLD, 261;? South Phillip Street, Philadelphia, enteredthe kindergarten of the Sharsvrood Elementary School, 2nd and Wolf Streets, inOctober 1.916 and was graduated from elementary school at Shsrswood in Feb=r'u,ary1929. He was graduated in the upper quarter of his class, which, according to VIIENTZ, meant that he was a very good student, At South Philadelphia High Schoolfor Boys, GOLD was a mcnber of the Iatin Club and the Science Club, .
' $55561 P -19
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= nr. LEE unison ooucx, Assistant to e Dean and Personnel -Officer, University or Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, advised thatmast com, 2631 South Phillip Street, Philadelphia, entered the freshman classor 1930 at the University oi Pennsylvania in the iaJ_l oi 1930. GULICK couldnot recall the subject. _ ' '
' According to It-. GULICK's records, GOLD was born in Bern, ~Swttzgrland, Decanber 12, 1.910, and was the son of SAMUEL GOLD. He was ad-mi te at th ' e University on July 25 1930 from the South Fnifadelphia HighS¢hoo1.. He withdrew on March 12, 1532. - I
" GOID also took a pre-freshman course, date unlcnown,at theUniversity or Pennsylvania in Solid Geometry and Plain Trigonometry and mdesatisfactory grades. '
' Dr. CRTLICK stated that according to his records, there was noindication that subject might have participated in sports, clubs, or other or-ganizations. . '
- After GOID had left the University, Dr. GULICK stated thattranscripts of his work done there were sent to Ilrexel Institute of Technologyon Jamary 12, 19311; the University of Cincinnati on September 7, 1933, andXavier University at Cincinnati on September 15, 1938. _
Qreaoel Institute or Iechnolog 9
¢ - ,' ' Mr. KENNEIH RIIJDIE, Director, Night School, Drexel Institute ofTechnolog, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, advised that I-IARRY GOLD entered IlremelNight School February 1.933 and was graduated June S, 1936, with a diploma inChemical Engineering. Drexel Night School does not award degrees and consequentlyGOLD received only a_ diploma. The records do not disclose membership in any -school club, society, or other organization. During the period that he was in Fattendance at Drexel, he was cmployed as a laboratory assistant at the PEMSYI» -UANIA SUGAR COMPANY, 1037 North Delaware Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
The records also disclosed that GOLD returned to Drexel NightSchool in September 1936 to do postgraduate work as a result of his being granteda Geo I Chirge . lds Scholarship for his outstandirg scholastic record. GOLD in -September oi 1936 took courses in Psydzology and Economics. -
Transcripts of GOLD's record at llrexel have been furnished to .the United States Civil Service Ccmnission and to the University of Cincinmti.
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' On llay 25, 1950, Father JCBEH J EALLO! Head of the Ghemis. tryDepartment, St. Joseph's College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, advised that GOLDhad attended a course in Fermentation at this college from October 18, 1916 toJamaryl7,l9hh,andmdeagradeot"'A" H be 0 ewaea ent only three evenings durirg the entire course. GOLD took a cour-_ _ se in Distillery Practiceirua '_February lb, 19141; to April 21;, 19111;, and was present at all sessions. He' 'made a grade oi "B" in thiscourse. He later attended a class in Glassware,which consisted principally of instruction in the maintenance and manu.t'acture'or laboratory glasware, which he tools from September 18, 191d; to November 10,19111:. At the beginning of this course, he gavehis address as 6823 KindredStreet, Philadelphia. For the previous courses, ho gave his address as 5032'Boudinot Street, Philadelphia. During all the courses taken at St J hl0 08813 8 he stated that he was employed by the PENNSYLVANIA SUGAR GOHPANY, 1037 North,Delaware Avenue, Philadelphia, ' -
' On o casion in the early part of l9M4, stated thathe was anplcyed at lM D ORPORI. ? .-*-%I__1_;mn.1.1m§__ TION of snvma inCOMPANY, 1037 North Delaware venue, Philadel h1§T"Later, onN"'q'van5E 20, 15534, n@ in a class in Advanced moh terminated January 251I 0 This course consisted of the maintenance and construction oi glass.According to Father HALIDI, in the abow course seven of the nineteen studentswere awarded certificates for cunpletion of the course. He stated that GOLDpossibly was not one oi the seven students and that the reason may have beenthat he was absent on too marw occasions. '
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E. MEIBERSHIP IN PROFESSIONAL SOCIEPIB
- " The investigation at t anklin Inst t p, Benjamin
Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, Pa, was c pee ail. Agent JAMESJ . HIDDLEPOII on Hay 25, 1950 and Special Agents ALBERT L. PIERCE and llIDDLB1OI0n1l=o'26,1950: _. . ~. e "
' Hrs. HILTON PRICE HARLEY, Director or Membership, Franklin -Institute, advised that HARE! GOLD had access to the Franklin InstituteLibrary prior to 191:6 through a group membership plan under thesponsorahipOf the PENNSYLVANIA SUCMR COMPANY. However, On February 27, 19116, he $001!out ms tnmd said membership until the presenttime at e cost of $15.00 per year. His membershiprmnnber is 355. Ho reneled
this on February 18, 19147, March 18, 19b8, March 1, 1919 and his 1950 member-ship was paid February 2?, 1950. ~
F. - ' _- _
HARE! GOLD on interview advised that he had had the follow--'
ing employnentas -
/Xfxzfrcmrrms H
2nd and Master Streets
Philadelphia Pa.
PFNNSYLVANIA SIHAR COMPANY
December 1928 to September 1938 Laid off during 19_32!
/Xxrsnoox _
LlL1
S T $31
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-=~ ..nw.1m suom corrmr, and
_ smom DBTILLINO comm! '
£111 related companies!
July 19140 to February 191:-6
mm
Hey 19146 to June 2, 191:8
" EEHA' oeunm. nosrmx.
Philadelphia, Pr.
_ ' 191:3 to present
1, Employment at Pennsylvania Sugar Compaq
and Affiliated Co anies
y ' The following investigation we-.s conducted at the PENNSQVANI1.
SUGIR OO."'P.H'!, Philadelphia Division, Delaware .?.venue end Sheckamexon 5:treet, -T353551; Pa, by Special Agents ;-.1.sm'1' L. macs and JOHN A. ssssssmsm
' Fr. JOHN 5.. WEBER, Personnel !Jen:~.ger, residence 6108 '
Palmetto Street, Philadelphia, Pa was interviewed by the Igents. Hr. WEBER
introduced the agents to Hr. JOSEPH R. EGGERT, Production Manager or the com-
pany, who assured the Agents that the company would cooperate with the Bureau
in every detail in obtaining information regarding GOLD, during his employmentat the company, but stated that the records of the company were very poorly
kept during GOLD's period of erployment, This was because GOID was employed
as s chemist for the PEN!-ISYLV1;HI.". SUGAR OOMPi~.N1' and the PFNEISYLVJJIIE-. AISOHOL
and OEEIC.-LL CCl?.POR.'LTIOlI, a subsidiary, during most of his period of employment.Both of these companies had a complex history of name and ownership changes
and for this reason, many records were destroyed or poorly and incompletely kept,
lb. IEBHI furnished the personnel records of GOLD, which re-
flected the following: - "
. HARRY GOLD oi 6823 Kindred Street, was born December 12,
1910 in Suit landzer and was naturalized. His nationality was indicated asYiddish ar his In:1'ital status, 'bingle," -He ed as references the GIF1CR.*.F1g§,HOLBROOK lL.NUF£-SPURING MP t .. IR DLIRY O01-IPMIY, _ . ,
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An Employee's Progress Record listed the following: Y
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252 a=2a_= _
1/2/29 Hired assistant cums0/31/30 out Assistant Chemisth/25/32 Hired 0.0. Dptr. A171732 Laid or: _ 0.0. Optr.9 19 33 Hired Laboratory Assistant9/l5/38 Quit Laboratory ins sistant
2X/ .2°Hired Chemist
Laid oi! because operation was discontinu .2 " Y 0 C L
lliscellamous
Pa. Alco. Corp,- -
Pa. Lloo. Corp.Miscellaneous
lliscellaneouslscelleneous V
lscelleneous
ed
. An Employee Record revealed that H.--RR! GOLD's Social SecurityNumber was 160-05-h277 md that he was employed on January 2, 1929. This recordlisted his address as S032 North oudinot Street, Philadelphia, and iniicated_that he had graduated from college with a B, S. Degree in Chemtistry, and thathe had previously been euployed by the HOLBROOK 001*?-LN! for one year as achemist. This record also listed GOLD's employment as follows: 2
Date Wee or _-._ W
Pontllz Rate
1/1/111 ns
9/ $190-00 ns
1-L/1!5/I43
1/I/b5
1/1/I46
2/1/1:6
11.0.; and a year and ten months at the noo1a*Em' 0;.$ha.h6 wk.
$60.00 wk.
$61.00 wk.
Laid oft, PlantYearly
Rate Position
$1980
$2160
@2200
$2520
$2520
83120
$3172Chemist
Chemist
Chemist
Che-mist
Chemist
Supervisor
ChemicalDepartment
laboratory '-
Laboratory
Laboratory
1.1:, Laboratory
Technician
Ale. Laboratory
Technician
1'.lc,_ Laboratory
Control
Supervisor .'-.lcl. Laboratory
Chemical
closed down.Control '
Ian Employee's Card for the PENI~IS!LV.1NI.". SUG.-R COMP.--.NI listedthe following additional information:
I-. previous residence was listed as 251:0 South Philip Street,Philadelphia, It was indicated that GOLD could speak and understand, but couldnot read nor write the Yiddish language. His previous employment was listed 88four months at the GIF1CR.';FT1ERS, northeast corner of Turner and -Masclier Streets,Philadelphia; nine months at the HOLBROOK MANUFKCTUR .-'-. -
This @8111 listed 6010's employment as follosss
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IR! COPPARY, Cincimati, Ohio,
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I-sst. Chemist out, B/31/30 ' ' _c.o. e ope-. Leid'of£, 12/15/32msssnssssus . Laboratory Asst, out, 9/5/36 9/18633 Q7/ _ Niscellaneoos _ Chemist _ Laid Off, 2/1/h6,_'
Operation discontinued.
' This lest notation, July 1, 19b0, s.ppc:.-.red in ink and waswritten in such a manner thzt it could easily be misinterpreted to be January 1,19140 or Hovenber l, 19110, which may account for the discrepancy in other recordspreviously mentioned. 41 signature and photograph of GOLD appeared on this card,which is being photographed before returning to the comp:-my. .Philadelphia. _
Hired Department1/-' _ .u/§§§§Piscellaneous
Pa. Alco. Corp,
1126
in Engagement Slrp was also furnished for the PENNSYLVANILSUGJJI CO???-1N1 which indicated that GOLD was employed by the company as s. chemist ssq on July 1, 19b0, cow signed this slip and s. photographiccopy is being made of his sign=.-ture bei:.ire returning the slip to the company. '
An attempt was made to determine O0LD's complete record of 'vacations taken during his period of employment with the company, However, onlyone such record was found, This was found in the Payroll Register for the year19141: for the Pennsylvania lcohol and Chemical Corporation, This record showedthat for the week ending September 3, 19111;, GOLD received extra pay in advance 'for a vacation the following week. The record for the week ending September IO,1914!; had the pay crossed out indicating the-t he was not paid for that week,These records were interpreted by !~.'EBm as showing that GOLD took his vacationbeginning Septenber h, 19M; for one week, These records also indicated thatWRRE.LL DOUG!-IER'I'I, en extremely close friend and essociate of GOLD's and alsoa chemist in the same laboratory, took his vacation et the same time as GOLD.
' Similar records in the Payroll Register for 19h5 failed todisclose any vacation taken by GOLD during that year. However, it was explainedthat records of vacations were not elweys recorded in this register.
Page 21 of a Loan Register kept by the comp:-up showed paymentsdeducted from 0OLD's pay each pay day for the purpose of repaying c $500.00loan made by the comparw, in entry of this register on September 23, 191:5 111-dicated that $10.00 in cash was taken from O0ID's vacation pay, September 17,1916, sm deposited in the snmsnv,-mm-1 s",mg cashreceipts on September 21, 1 , unsuccessful ettempt to locate e furtherrecord of this vacation was made. '
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' ' Pr, WEBER advised that GOID'app1ied_ior e loan of 8500 Iranthe PENNS!LVL§]= §QG.'1R £1-'*,_on Febnwxy 6, 19145 and in his application agreedto have eld from salary acertsin amount each month beginning withFebruary 16, 191:5. _ ' -
Cancelled check No. L P3271 of the PENhBl.LV.'=.hL'. ALCOHOL .uI>1< .cannon. oonron.-non dated Philadelphia February mn -H1IHY*rin:nTt¥- QSUOZUD and signed by 111-. Noam: Peorms en! JOSEPH .-1. ween-1 'was obtained by re-. JOSEPH nun, Payroll Department, residence 2&9 East BenherStreet, Philadelphia, Pa. and furnished to the agents for photographing.This check ms endorsed by H.-RR! GOLD end was stamped on the"b=.=.ck with the stampof the Real Estate Trust compexw of Philadelphia, February 9, 191:5. I-. stampon the face of the check contained the initials "J .J .8. ," which RYAN statedwere probably those, of the teller _a.t the Reel Estate Trust Company where thecheck was evidently cashed.
A check of the Payroll Register for the year 19116 for thePENNSILV.-'-IL. I-IEOHOL AND CHNICJEL COR.POR.:'.'I'ION revealed that payroll adjust- .nents for the week ending February 10, 191:6 listed FLZRRI GOLD as receiving -$5.68 as a proportionate part of his l9h6 vacation. It was also indicated thatmen! com was due $500.00 sepizration pay at that time, or this amount, _-4591.90 was deducted for income tax purposes, leaving $hO8,1O, which weepaidby check No, 170 of the PEZNiISYLV.f=NL'. ;;LCOHOL AND CHE-?'IC.'1L CORPORATION, Thiscancelled check was located by JOSFPH RTJLN in the Payroll Depertment and Ibr-nished to the agents for photographing. This check was dated January 31, 19116and ms signed by JOSEPH 11.'WEBF?R and another compamy official and was endorsedby H. -RM GOLD on the beck, in addition to his identification signature on theface of the check. A stamp on the beck of this check" indicated that it wascashed at the Real Estate Trust Company on February B, 19146.
During the process of attempting to locate vacation records,other records for GOLD were found and furnished by RUN at the Payroll Depart-ment. These do not represent the complete payroll records for GOLD duringhis entire period of employment.
The payroll record for the year 1935 for the PENNSYLVANIP.SOG!-.R CO.--PAN! reflected that GOLD was trarmfcrred-from the Refinery Payrollon December 1, 1935. At that time his rate of pay wee $110.00 per month, Anotetion in the Payroll Record for 1936 indicated that GOLD was transferredfrom the Refinery Payroll in Septeu-be-r 1936, - _ ' - -
The payroll record for the year 1937 indicated that he wason the payroll em-ing all of that year, " _
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- The payroll record for the ye-er 1938 reflected that he re- 'signed on Sopteniaer 15, 1938. He was not on the payroll during the year 1939, -_but the payroll record for 19110 reected that he returned to work pt the .1=nmsn.w..sm_ seem oonrmr on July 1, 19140 end received $15.00 per halt monthuntil October l6,191:0, at which time he received a slight increase, _ W _ _
I. 1- Payroll Eerningstard Book fcr the _ YLVANL1 11LOQO],"; indicated that from the week c ' enuery , 19 'through the week ending Perch 25, 19145, GOLD received ':h8;l1 er week, which,with deductions, amounted to $36.75 per week. On I-pril 1, 1955, GOLD'receiveda pay increase to $60.00 per week, which was retroactive to January 1, 19115.The difference in this pay from J:-rm:-zry 1, 19115 to April 1, 19h5 amounted to8136.116 which, with deductions, netted -3102.12. This amount was peia to 001.1: _in cash along with his regular pa-3 st that time, Fron'Apri1 1, 19145 through 1
December -39, 19115, GOLD received 1750,00 per week which, with deductions, amuntedto $145.20 per week,
nurin;'19h5, com had deducted from his salary $3.00 per weekfor Government bonds, An extre payment was made to GOLD on December 23, 19h5rs a $50.00 Christmes bonus, with deductions, this enmmted to 3-39.50 which 1was paid in cash,
' Fr. ROBERT TUSON, Process Superintendent, PFTNl92B!LV:.NI;1 SUGARCO¥'P,*-NY, was formerly in charge oi the PE'NNSYLV!.NI.' .'-.LCOHOL AND CHE}-'ICi'LL OORI=OR.-3-''IIUN'L'e.boretory where GOLD was employed as Chemical Supervisor, TUSON wasinterviewed by the agents on Fry 25, 1950. He stated he entered on duty on 'Api-11 1, 19115, at which time 001.11 was e Chemical Engineer 1J.nr:er mmsxo AL-TARE,who wee Plant Pens-ger of both the PFIOISYLV.".NI.- ;;LCOI-IOL AND CH£1'IC..L CORPORATIONand the SIIBONEI DISTILLIHG OOPIP--HY. Pr. FREDERICK STEPSON was GOLD's inmedietesupervisor as Plant Supcrintenuent of the PFNNSYLVI-.NLi ALCOHOL AND CI-1!!-'IOdLcoevazerxon, when smsos was laid err on June 15,-19h5,~ruson took hisposition, GOLD worked under TUSON until February 1, 19116, st which time GOLDwas laid off because the production operations were discontinued,
rusou recalled that com em tonasyzuenmrt, who workedwith him at the PENNSILV!.!s'L1 AUJOROL 5.-ND CI-lE IC.'-L OORPORLTIOH Laboratory, wereinseparable friends end associates, He described FOLD es e. quiet and retiring
person who let IDUGHFRTY do most or his talking for him, GOLD was describedas an int:-overt, while DOUGHERTI was described as en ex-trovert. He recalled 1that GOLD end DOUGH¬Ri'! went on e. business trip to the .'_!'I-RIO.-N DIS'IILLIHO>' OOVPANI at Pekin, Illinois, and the HIRAJI WALKFR DISTILLEY at Peoria, Illinois, _sometime between June 15 arri August 1, 19115, to the best er his recollection. 'They visited these distilleries to obtain information regarding grain formats-tion for production oi beverage spirits. He believed this trip was prini-rily -
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forlthe purpose of using this in.tonnati~ alcohol in _ 'connection Iith a grain holida , which he Believed to have been declaredby the Government in August 19Z$- WCORPORATION had been obtaining their a ohol from molasses and hoped V _ mm grain available during this holiday period declared " _by the Government for the purpose of adding to their available alcohol "for the production of beverage spirits. e
TUSON did not recall the exact dates during which thistrip was made but believed it to have been approximately two weeksduration. He checked his records and obtained copies of reportssubmitted by GOLD and DOUGHERTY describing their visits to thesedistilleries and their conclusions based on the visits. He noticedthat Page 2 of these conclusions stated, "We must improvise some
immediate system for cooling the. fermenters this suumer. It would 'be a pity to lose all of this production, particularly during the .beverage period." Because of this statement, TUSON believed thatthis visit must have been made either prior to, or early in theSummer of 19145. TIISON furnished these reports for photostating or .photographing as desired by this office.
TUSON unsuccessfully attempted to recall when GOLD tookhis vacation in 1915. He did recall that nonsssmw took hisvacation early in the vacation period and, therefore, believed thatOOLD probably took his vacation later. He believed that both
IDUGHERTY and GOLD were not on vacation at the same time.
TUSON recalled that in approximately December 191:5, hereceived information from RICHARD BOWERS, who was then employedas a Laboratory Assistant in that laboratory, that numerous itemsof equipment were missing. TUSON checked and found that these ,items were in fact missing and consisted of laboratory equipmentof the nature of a Westphal balance, s Pyncnometer, sets of "matched"thermometers covering successive ranges, and other similar types oflaboratory equipment. These items would be useful for a laboratorychemist or technician, but were readily available at laboratoryequipment and chemical supply houses. Nevertheless, the total items -missing represented a large financial loss to the company. e
TUSON stated that, because of the actions of DOUGHEIRIY and _-GOLD, he was suspicious of them and, knowing that he would tell-GOLD,mentioned to ppm that certain pieces of equipment were missing -and that he t ought it would be a good idea if he checked his equipiiivin before leaving so that no one would be likely to accuse them of - __
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tald.ng the equipment after they had left. According to TUSOH, immediatelyfollowing his talk with DOUG!-IERTY, the missing equipment began to reappear,azri that when it was finally. checked there were no major items missing, '"
TUSON recalled that he noticed, during his association withIDUOHERTI and GOLD, that they appeared to be holding back some on regarding chemical analyses, ctc., that they had nude _and that he and other officers of the plant had the uneasy feelingthat their results were not to be trusted. Ho zrther recalled thatthe Laboratory Assistant, RICHARD BOWERS, had been told by DOUGHERITnot to turn in any results of laboratory analyses without clearing themwith GOLD or IDUGI-IERTI. He further recalled that neither IIJUGHERTI norGOLD appeared anxious to turn in information without first talkingit over with the other. '
TUSON indicated that their records were so set up thatGOLD would have had access to all technical data regarding distillingand refining processes and could have easily removed or copied thisinformation without arousing suspicion. GOLD was an exceptionallyhard worker and frequently worked evenings, Sundays, etc. TUSON statedthat he did not believe any of the information in connection with any 'of the distilling or refining processes available to GOLD to be of asecret nature. He stated that it was readily available generallytlu-oughout the industry but indicated that it may have been of helpto backward nations. -
TUSON recalled that cmm , who worked with yeast.numerous contacts with the oratory, knew both DOUGHERITand that DOUGHERTY had frequently borrowed HUNT's automobile.
TIISON and wmsa also furnished the names of the followingindividuals who were associated with GOLD other than those previously"mentioned: -GUSTAV "M , who was employed at the PENNSYLVANIASUGAR COMPANY on Gcto e 1, 1928 a.nd resigned Septemb-sr"3'U, I§II§.HE was fdicated as presently employed for himself in the PackardBuilding in Philadelphia. _
CLAIRE BLEIHAN was employed as a Chemical Assistant, April 10,1915 and resigned January 1;, 19146. Her last known address was 25149 .South Galloway Street, Philadelphia, Pa. ' _
The reccs-ds indicated that MARY COLLINS was enployed in the_-laboratory with com as a Chemist from August 13, 19145 to February 1, 19155;.
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However, TUSON could not recall her employment there. Her last knowaddress was 2001; Godfrey Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa._ _ _
Ilr. A. -LHOEHN, Treasurer of the mrromx. SUGAR nsrmmo .COMPANY in New York who happened t b, o s in Philadelphia on Hay 25, 1950,was contacted by Agent PEREZ. Hr. HOEEN was asked how the expenses -for business trips which were taken by GOLD an! DOUERTY might have .. 'been recorded in the company records. Ir. HOE!-IN suggested checkingthe petty cash receipts which, with the assistance oi JOSEPH RYAN oiht e Payroll Department, was done without locating any record of tripsby GOLD.
Hr. HUEHN then suggested that contact be made with A. K.HAMILTON, who was formerly in charge of the PENNSYLVANIA ALCOHOLCHEMICAL C , llr. HAMILTON had his En office E New Yorkv sited Philadelphia approxiinately one day each week in order to_handle the business oi the corporation. He believed that HAMILTONwas probably the nan who authorized business trips for GOLD.
Hr. HOE!-IN further suggested -that Mr. NOMAN PEOPLES,Night Plant Supervisor, be interviewed because he believed that hehad arranged for and signed the contract with GOLD for the 8500.00loan which the PENNSYLVANIA SUGAR CCMPANY granted.
_ Hr. NORMAN PEOPLES, Night Plant Supervisor, was contactedon Hay 25 1950 at whi, , ch time he stated that he could not recalldefinitely, but _he believed that either DOUGHERTY or GOLD had takena busine triss p to Terra Haute, Ind. to visit the OO!.1MERCIAL SOLVENTSCORPORATION. He did not know the exact date of this trip but believedit to have been sometime between December 191:1 ani February 19146-He further advised that both DOUGHERPY and GOLD had taken the trip _previously described by TUSON In that connection h ta. e s ted that thetrip was a hurry-up affair and it may have been financed by an advancedrawn on a check made lpayab e to him instead of to either DOUGHERTI,GOLD or both- and the, , t this might have explained why no records appearedin the comparw records regarding the expenses for this trip.
All ofthe persons interviewed at the PENNSYLVANIA SUGARCOMPANY stated that GOLD and U were inseparable friends dQqg . an associates and that DOUGHERTY most of the talking for the two men,while GOLD stayed in the background and talked to very few people except,"DOUGHERTY. They indicated that GOLD was mu h thc e more intelligent -' of the two and that DOUG!-IRTY used GOLDs intelligence in talking with; other people to get his point across.
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__ ' The following individuals were interviewed by Special Agent:JOWA. mNw26,:U%::.w..ow ._ .. .. .. _ .. . ;
- 1:1-. cmms zomes, 1119 East Moynmensing lverme PhiladelphiaPennsylvania, _Bench Ghenist at the PFNNSY ' " g, advised he hasbeen employed by the PENNSELVANLX SIIGZR COMP.-1.NI since -1925 and has been acquaintedwith GOLD since about 1930. He indicated that his only contact with GOLD had fbeen or e business nature while at work, and tlmt he was not acquainted with _him socially. He stated that GOLD was conscientious and a hard worker who putt _in considerable overtime. During this period GOLD never said or did alnrthingto ZOLIHAS' knowledge which might reflect upon his loyalty to the United States.He stated that to his knowledge, GOLD never removed any technical data ormaterial Iran the plant, and he was not aware of anyporiods that GOLD wasaway Iran the-plant on vacation or official business.0
_ llr. norms mm} 1821; 72nd Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Research Ghanist at the PENhBYL92LJIL'L SUGAR OOIIPANY, said he first met GOLD about1935. His only contacts with GOLD were at work, and he was not personally ao-quainted with him. BAIRD said he never discussed politics with GOLD and thatGOLD never indicated to him in any way that he night be disloyal. BAIRD saidhe had always thought oi GOLD as being honest, reliable, and a hard worker. Hesaid the only incident that he' could recall that might reflect upon GOLD in awway occurred during 1936 or 1937 when part or the plant ment on st:-ike'over alabor dispute, while the remaining part of the plant continued to work. AlthoughGOLD was not involved in the strike, since he was considered a" professional man,he refused to work until the striking nenbers returned to work, in spite of thefact that he almost lost his job. He stated that to his knowledge, GOLD never_removed aw technical data or material irom the plant, and he was not aware ofany periods that GJLD ms away iron the plant on vacation or official business.
' Hr. EDI-'I.'.RD GGILEI, 1819 Estaugh Street, Philadelphia, Pennsyl-vania, Supervising Chemist at the PENI92BYLV.'.NIA SUGAR GOLZPAHY, stated he has beenanployed by tlw PErmsYLv:.u1.1 some coroner since 1921», and has been acquaintedwith GOLD since about 1930. He indicated that his contacts with GOLD have beenrather limited ince l9h2, imsmuch as he entered the .u1:w in that year and didnot return until August of 19115, which was shortly be£ore'GOLD left the empleybment or the PEIIIISILVANLX ALGOHOL AND CHEJICAI. GORPORATION, a subsidiary of thePENMYLVANIA SUGAR GOLIPANI. GIBLEI advised that most or his contacts with GOIDwere of a business nature at the plant, although he did associate socially withGOLD on several occasions during the period 1937 to 19141 vbile he was studyingchemistry at Temple University. On these occasions, GOLD was at; his home'"iordimer and helped hm with his dzenistry problems. GORLE! added, however, thathe never discussed politics with GOLD and that GOLD never indicated to him inany way tint he night be disloysl. He said that GOLD, to his knowledge, mver
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removed any technieg data or material frcm the plant, and he vas not aware of' 'aw periods tint was away frcm the plant on vacation or official busimss.
' D HEDWIG IIJBKIEHIGZ, Chemist at the PENIBYLVANIA SUGAR GJLIPAHI,advised that she has known GOLD since approximately l933, when she was first "employed tr the PEIGSYLVANL. SUGAR COMPANY. She indicated that her only eon-taets with GOLD were of a business mture, and she was not acquainted with binsocially. During this period GOLD never said or did anything which might reflectupon his loyalty to the United States. She indicated that to her knowledge, jGOLD never ranoved any technical data or material from the plant, and she was 1:not aware of any periods that GOLD was awn from the plant on mcation or_of- _ficial business. She stated that GOLD was a hard worker, conscientious, anda sincere individual, and she added that she was extremely surprised to readof his activities in the newspaper. She stated that during the late 1930's,GOLD, as well as mam? other individxals, took work home at nights, but addedthat this was more or less required at that time by the management andwas not
unusual. '
Mr. WALTER RIEHLE, 2606 Ingersoll Street, Philadelphia, Pennsyl-vania, a Chemist in the Research Department of the PENNSYLVANIA SUGAR COHPANI,advised he has been acquainted with GOLD since about 1931. Heindicated thathis contacts with GOLD had generally been of a business nature, and he was notacquainted with him socially. He stated that GOLD was a conscientious and lardworker who put in considerable overtime. During this period GOLD never said ord.id anything to RlEl£LE's knowledge which might reflect upon his loyalty to theUnited States. He stated that to his knowledge, GOLD never removed any technicaldata or material rm the plant, and he was not aware ofany periods that GOLDwas away frcmthe plant on vacation or official business. The only incidentthat BIEI-I18 could recall um menu reflect upon com! occurred during 1936 or193? when part of tho plant went on strike over a labor dispute. BIEIEE, hon-ever, could furnish no additional information concerning this incident other
than that furnished by BAIRD.
Hrs. omens mom, 2131 North Hancock Street, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, was interviewed by Special Agent Josmz n. SPIVEI on my 26, 1.950.Mrs. MAHONEY is the former CLAIRE BLEYLIAN who had resided at 2511.9 South GallowayStreet, Philadelphia. _ _
Hrs. MM-IONEI stated that S118 was employed at 1212 PENIBYLVAHIASUGAR COMPANY as a Chemical laboratory Assistant from April 191:5 until November1.915. She stated that she was actually on the payroll until about Jamie? 19h6.However, she did not return to the company after leaving in Novenber 1914 ., Ac-; 1cording to Hrs. HAHONEY, Hll GOLD was a chemist at the PENRBYLUANIA SUGAR GOM-PANY as an assistant to Dr. IIKJGHERTY, during the entire time she was employed
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there. Hrs. Hiimligrelated that GOLD was a nervous individual and that when he _talked, especially to a woman, his face would become flushed. She said that he - =was a quiet individual who would sometimes converse a bit with the men, but
wculdoxqtalktothewanenwhenhehadajob forthmto do. l|:'s.1L'LEDNE! .added that for sane reason she never felt ccmtortable in his presence and only "spoke to his on matters regarding their work in the laboratory. Hrs. HAHOBE 'went onto saythat shewas quite surprisedtohear orhis arrest anistated" .that she could hardly believe it when she read the papers, inaszizuch as he was 'so nnld mannered that she Just did not think him to be the type. Hrs. LLLHONEIcontinued by stating that she could not recall GOLD's havi takenng a vacationduring the time she was enployed at the PENIS V. ll 1 - , but added
that he pr bably took whileo one she was ere. She added that she had neverheard him discuss vacation, travels and other activities, and stated again that -she had never talked with him except on laboratory business. ' I
rs. Eli!-IOIIEII alscf advised that GOLD was a close associate ofamzm momamcm, who resided at 161,1 South Alden Street, Philadelphia, andnoansu. nous:-zsm. -
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' Hr. THOMAS J. FEGUSON, 1210 Greylock Street, Philadelphia, _Pannsylvarna, an enployoe oi the Widener Building, Philadelphia, was interviewedby Special Agent JAHES J. MIDDLETON on I-lay 25, l9S0. FERGUSON stated that be-cause of the number of years which have elapsed, his dates might not be exactlycorrect; however, he furnished the following information concerning his associa-tion with GOLD: , .
He first became acquainted with GOLD in 1.930 when GOLD was em-ployed as a bottle washer. From 19314 or 1935 for approximately two years, heworloed with GOLD at the SIHJNEY DISTILLERI and was teaching him the art o.f_ 'making yeast for beer ogemu for approadmately two years,at which time GOLD returned to the PEN}~BYLVI92.NIA SUGJZR laboratory. Shortlythereafter, GOLD went to school in Cincinnati, and upon completion of his
course, he wnrloed as a chmist. '
Following this enployment, GOLD returned to the PENNSYLVANIASUGAR COMPANY, and about 19hh, PENNSYLVANIA SUGAR was sold to the NATIONAL SUGARCOMPANY of Nevriork. After the company changed hands; practically all employee,including GOLD were laid off. Accordirg to FERGUSON, he had lost contact withGOLD since l9|-LL until about thy B, 1950. On this occasion, FERGUSON stated hewas obtaining heart treatncnts at tho PHILUJELPHIA GENJER.-.1. HOSPITAL and the roanin which he was obtaining the treatments was adjacent to GOLD's laboratory. -
Upon their renewal. of acquaintance, GOLD wrote FERGUSON's addressdown and stated that he would drop around and visit FEEIGUSON in the near.1utnre '-
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Special Agent W11-LIA! H. NAYIDR O1! llay 26, 195° 111$-81'V1BIBdmi; J-QC! P. 0LDFE'[.THi, 151413. Alden Street, Philadelphia. MP8; GIADFELTE18 HIS fOI@' REGINA MARGARET -IDOKABAUCHQ 313 I88 employed by 15118 PENIBILVAHIILSUGAR COWLEY 'Oll JR]! 15, 19112 $0 September 1, 191:6 as an Assistant ch9Il18l-QAbout 19142 she started working in the I-ahorsame story withHARBI GOLDIDRRELL DOUGHER'l'!.. She described DLD as quiet, considerate and well liked .'"53 one who i.s an extremely hard worker, He is interested in baseball, misic andwas not retic t in * en discussing his personal life. '
In the discussions regarding his personal life, he manytimes discussed attending Xavier University; of having had a very hardtine financially and other similar incidents, such as have been describedin the papers. During the entire time that she knew GOLD he had neversaid or did anything which caused _he.r to question his loyalty in any way.
llrs. GLADFELTER pointed out that shortly after she wentto work for the PENNSYLVANIA SUGAR COMPANY, probably about the arly part of19b3, com invited her to atterxi the Ice Follies, which she a:_u.- She statedthat he appeared to be interested in continuing social relations, but that .the above incident was the only time she ever accompanied him social]; becauseof religions differences, GOLD being Jewish while she is Catholi Shecpointed out, however, that while she was with him GOLD was a perfect gentle-1118-I1.
Ilccordirg to Mrs. GLP-DFELTER, CDLD's closest friend without _question at the PENNSYLVANIA SUGAR COMP!-.N'I was MJI-?RE1.L DOUGHEIRTY. GOLD andDOUG!-IIRTY worked side by side all the tim and were continuouslvtogetherboth at work and socially, She stated that 01JLD's other friends at thePENNSYLVANIA SUGAR COMPANY with whom he frequently associated were SAND! IRWIN,CLARENCE HUNT and NH FERGUSON.
With respect to GOLD's absences from the PENNSYLVANIA SUGARgmm both on business ani vacations, Hrs, GLADFELTER w .any definite information regarding any vacation taken by CDLD. She pointedout that she recalled a business trip he made to Illinois either to or near Chicagowhere GOLD and DOUGHERTY visited a plant making Red Star Yeast. She was unableto state the time of this trip, but recalled that another Lab employee at thePENNSYLVAHIA SEBAR COEPANI, one WALTER KACHELE, died or a heart attack whileGOLD and DOUGHER'I'I were away,
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- e It was ll!, GI-ADFELTHi's recoll9ction that,at aboutthe sane time as the abov_ described trip,GOLD and DOUGHERTY also madea trip on official business to a Kentucky destination which is thelocation of Seag:-ass Distillery. _ . ' '
It was ascertained from Hrs. GLnDFE[.1'ER that shetyped acne kind of a treatise or paper for GOLD on the Thermal Diffusionof Gases and that, to the best of her recollection, this was probably jtyped during the year of 191:5. "She explained that she did not knewanything about the contents of this article and, therefore, could giveno opinion on what it might have dealt with. She explained that, whileshe was mployed as an Assistant Chemist, she knew very little aboutchemistry having received a degree in Home Economics and merely tookchemistry courses because it was a requirement in order to receive adegree.
In About April or Hay, l9h6, Hrs, GL!.DF'EI.'I'ER received a call from GOLD at which time he advised her of the possibility of
Obtaining 8. job with BRUIHMN i '1F¬ in New York City. Inasmuch asshe was out of work at e time, she visited no o ice of BROTHMANAssociates in New York, at which time she ascertained that the ava.'l.l-able Iork involved plastics. Inasmuch as she felt that she did notknow enough about chistrf to handle such work, she did not continue _in her efforts to obtain such a position. Further, she stated that shewas giving piano lessons to a group oi children at her home and did notwant to give this practice up. -
Hrs. GLADFELTER was questioned at- length regardingtrips, vacations and activities of GOLD other than his actual employ-ment at Pennsylvania Sugar Company and she was unable to furnish any in-formation of value. She definitely stated that she had never heard himmention anything about trips to Santa Fe, New Mexico, Boston, Massachusetts,or New York City, such as she had read of in the newspapers.
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SA HZRABIJ A. SEARI. on Haw 25, 1950 interviewed Hrs. MARI -AIHELL, 1522 {bunt Vernon Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who advised-that s met HARE! GOLD on several occasions from l9l+3 to 191,1, throtghREG U38, who was a fellow employee of HARRY G-OLD. .-
- Hrs. A'MEL.L advised um she ha: no personal knowledge of 'trips, vacations, or other activities or GOLD andmerely met him through her friendship with IDOKABALGH and Hiss BEATRICE M . Miss SOHIED isa chemist at the WILLIAM AMER CDMPJLNI, 215 Willow reet, Philadelphia, amhad formerly been employed at the Philadelphia General Hospital.
- Hrs. A stated that these three iniividuals, i.e.h Ierseli JEAN REGINA KABQQB, and Miss SCPCEED had been classmatesand throug~h_DOKA.BalIZ heoom acqtainted with GOLD. Mrs. A'IWEI.L statedthat JEAN IDOKABAIBH had done some typing for GOLD in the preparation ofa scientific paper, the nature of which was unknown to her Mrs. ATWELL!.She pointed out that the typewriter used was her al tperson ypewriter which shestill owned ani retained at l522 Mount Vernon Street. Hrs. AIWELL was unableto provide furthe intr ormation relative to GOLD or his activities.
SA HUIARD A. SEARL, on May 26, 1950, interviewed HissBEAIRIGE H. SGHIED at her place of employment, the WILLIAM AMER MANUFACTUREDCOMPANY, 215 Willow Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Miss SCHIED advisedthat she met HARRY GOLD at the Pennsylvania Sugar Compamr in late 1910 orearly 191+!» which meeting was made through JEAN LDOKABAIHH, now Hrs. JOHNGLADFEL'IER. Miss SOHIED advised that, after several meetings with GOLD"at various social affairs, the dates oi which she could notrecall, GOLD hadasked her for dates, which she turned down. She stated the last time thatshe met GOLD was in August oi l9l+8, at which time he appeared at the residenceof Hrs. UAR! ATWELL, 1522 Mount Vernon Street, Miss SCl£IED's residence at thattime, to thank her for obtaining a position at the Philadelphia GeneralHospital for him.
Hiss SCI-IIED explained that she had been employed for agrind of about one and one-half years at the Philadelphia Generalspital as a Laboratory Technician am Chemist and had terminated heremployment at that establishment in the middle Zr 191.3. She stated shehad heaxd that there was a vacancy for a bio-chemist and knew that HARRY 'GOID, who at that timewas employed in New York City was planning to 'return to Philadelphia ani leave such employment. She informed GOLD '
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of the vacancy and told him to see the head of the Research Department
at the hospital. She stated that she had recommended GOLD tor employment
at the hospital; however, this recanmendation was based merely uponstatements made by other chemists - namely, AE§ and IIORRELL '
DOIBI-ER'l.'!. She-stated she had no personal knowledge of his ability; -
however, felt that her friends were reliable in their statements. She,
therefore, recommended him to the hospital and later learned that he _ I
had obtained the position. '
" Relative to IIORRI-.1L.L DOI1Gh'.E.R'I'! Miss SCHIED advised she
was not well acquainted with"EE1' BT15 Eon that he was a very close friend
of HARRY GOLD and J1.-{AN IDOK!.B.'.UGH and, ii anyone did know about GOLD's
activities, these two individuals should. '
' Mr. ILERTIN J. SCHIED, 1505 Lrch Street, Norristown,
Pennsylvania, was interviewed Dy SI. HOW.-RD 11. Si-J.RL at SCHIED's place
of employment, SELRS ROEBUCK & COMPANY, in Norristown. Hr. SCI-III-ID -
had no personal information concerning GOLD, according to his statements,and advised he had never met GOLD but had heard his daughter, BEATRICE
SCI-IIED, and EAR! speak of him on several occasions.
Si. HOT:2.RD_1'.. S;Y;i.IiL on liq 26, 1950 interviewed Hr. '
RICHARD E. BOHERS, 1833 Elston Street, formerly of 1328 - 73rd Avenue,
who was employed by the Pennsylvania Sugar Company from 1936 through19142, BOWERS advised that he became acquainted with GOLD in 193?, at
which time GOLD was employed in the laboratory at the Pennsylvania
Sugar Company. However, he'did not become well acquainted in that hedid not like the way GOLD operated. He pointed out that GOLD was very
close with HORRELL DOUGHERTY and JE;-.N LOOIU.B.'.UGH. -
_ BOYIERS stated that GOLD and DOUGHERTY were such close
friends that they were referred to as the "Gold Dust Twins." He statedthat DOUGHERTI and GOLD corresponded with each other when GOLD wont to
Ohio to attend the Xavier College in 1938 to 1911.0.
BOWEIRS stated that GOLD was very close-mouthed and while
at Pennsylvania Sugar Company worked in a small laboratory that wasset off from the rest oi the laboratories of the company.
BO?.'ER.S advised he left the employ of the Pennsylvania
Suga Company on December 31, 19112 to enter the United States _.'..1:-my LipForce and returned to the employ of the eomparw in December, 191:5. He
stated GOLD was still employed at the Pennsylvania Sugar Company at that
time. However, he did not become well acquainted, pointing out that -
GOLD and 1DUGHF.R1'I tried. to steal some oi the laboratory equipment, _ __ -
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Bowms repo!'te:1e theft to ROER1 '1-usou, supciwnaenz of theAlcohol Plant, .d the latter individual made GOLD and DOIBIERTY returnthe equipnent. Ls a result or this incident, GOLD and B0";.E.RS did notremain on speaking terms. - :
- - BOUERS'poihted out zmu took over 1u.a_ ~position while he was in the Anqy Id: Force; hence he did not becamewell acquainted with her. ~ ' -'
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in Philadelphia December 2, 1906, furnished the following inform-ial Agents MEET L. PIERCE alli WII.LI!J' H. l'l="-11$: _ __' _ .
DOUUHIBTI started employment with the PENNS!'LV1.h.Li SUGAR COP?amm%snmm-o£1%9amcm1mednwmcm -19b6, DOUGHERTI first knew of HARRY CDLD in the early 1930's and they started aclose friendship about 1933 when they both attended night school at In-excl Institote. 1-t this school they were both taking chemistry courses and GOLD assisted 'DOUGHFRTI to a great extent in his school work. This educational arrangemntcontinued until app:-ozinrtely 1937. From approximately 1938 to 19140, GOLD 'attended Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio and it was DOUG!-lER'1'I's opinion _that prior to 1938 that GOLD did not have any knowledge or or access to awinformation of value at the PENNS!}.V.'-.NIA SUGAR COPPINY, which would be oi valueto any foreign nations, in that up to that period CDLD's work was m-ostly of aroutine nature. -
_ Subsequent to GOID's nttcncience at Xavier University in 19110,he returned to the Pnmsnv-'n1-':. some com-1:! and up untilnpproxixmtely 19141;IDUGIERTI and GOLD did not work in close contact, However, DOU'3-BIERTY, GOLDand REGINA 100KAB."'»UGH att nded 'ni Sp e ght chemistry classes covering fermentationand t, Joseph's College during 19112,- In 1911;, exact time unknown, com and nooennzrr an-i-nee workiinglon a project known as Cenners Special which involved the making oi non-hectorsugar. From this period until GULD'8,&lI1 DOUGHERi'Y's services were telminztedon February 1, 19116, they worked together continuously on fermentation processes.
Shortly after February 19b6, GOLD obtained e. position with:2:*'m ::eee.? e"c*eme1:e re emcee emmeehm if-. - or n . c an e a ccEngineer tor that compeuw, at the,Lmd Title éuilding, ihiladelphia, Pa.DOUGHEl'I'! is still with thrt corporation, while COLD returned to Hailadelphiain 19118, having been connected with the Philadelphia General Hospital since hisreturn, '
S .4 .i °"$'*"i~.ira0m" *:;: 95$" W .tr~" "v*::= °°::i"'*"*.. "BI any vaca om en _ - o one wee s vaca onprobably taken in the spring or 1515, In this connection, GOLD told'IIJU1 ;tint he, GOLD, was spending a week's vacation at the Holmhurst Hotel, AtlanticCity, with his father and mother, DOUGHERTY did not hear from GOID during thisperiod and does not know whether he actually went to Atlantic City or not. _
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- -noumrz believed that O0LD's vocation mentioned "me. .occurred in l9|4S, because DOUGHERTI took a vacation in Septenber l9l|h, whichhe spent at s place on South Carolina Aveme in Atlantic City. In this con- nection, the records of the PENISILVALIIA SUG.-IR C'P.".N! reflect that DOUQBHI.end com took vacations et 19m- norrcnnm-1 statedthat he believed GOLD was not in Atlantic City at that time, inasmuch as theywould have contacted each other, had GOLD been there, DOUCEERTY stated thathe was not even snare that GOLD had taken his vacation on the some week,
DOUCHERT! mentioned, however, that GOLD regularly tool: theJewish holidays of! and may have had extra days of! at these periods, He alsorecalled that GIL!! bed been away from the SUG.- _ -ZR COPE.-'-NI for a period or approx-imately 28 days during which time_ e strike was in progress, DOUfH1EH'I'!, himselfhed worked at the ccmpezw during the strike, but GOLD did not. He could notrecall the exact time, but believed it to be in 1935 or 19360 .
IIJUGHERTI recalled a number oi trips which he had taken withGOLD in connection with their employment at the SUOJR OOH-PPNI; The first ctthese, which he recalled was tsk en to Gibson Island, Maryland, s year our sobefore the war Pearl Harbor Deg!, was to a National Nutritional Council meeting, at which cliscussiom were held regarding enrichment of bread, etc.with vitamins, GUSTAV RE-ICE the supervise 1 GOr 0 LD and DOUGHERT! at thesue:-.a coup.-aux, nu r em to rake this trip. With them onthis trip wee JoI~1?§:n!b's and sA mo, me were then employed et theSUGIR OO1'IP_rN!, T trip was made AD.-l'S' car. _!;D.-J-S is believed to be pres-ently employed at the NATIONAL SUGAR CO}-'P;.NY in New York City, DOUGHERTI couldnot recall em side trips taken by GOLD at this time and believed that he hadbeen with GOLD all the time during the trip, which lasted only one day,
Inother trip taken by G011! a.nd'DOUGHER'1 I was nede sometimebefore the war to Glenold P ' - 'en, 0, to visit the SHARPE .eNID DO!-M5 MBORATORIE3 _to obtain information regarding methods of testing tor vitamin content indistillery "slop" Black strap molasses!. S. ."UEL FLE!"ING took GOLD andDOUGHFB'1"I inhis cer on this trip, He did not recall that GOLD was separatedfrom him during this trip,
" In the ren of 19104, com, noucnmrr me necnm LO0KAB!.Umade a one dey trip to ifeshington, n. c. te visit the n".T mto learn methods for testing oenne-rs auger for bacteria content. This tripwas arranged by 1'1-. mrnmou em rt-. .~'.1.v:ne of the suorsz caemr. - The tripwas made by Pe lvaniennsy Railroad end all o the three persons were togetherat all times during the trip, I _ ' .
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' H Shortly after June 21, 1916 com a ok a trip _to Chicago, Pekin an! Feorie, Illinois to visit the ' W.92LK1=R and HMIORAL
DISTILL1-RIBS in Pekin and Peoria tor the purpose oi obtaining technical iniorma.~
tion regarding methods of distilling pain alcohol, This trip ms arranged by _Fr. H.-JIIIl0H of the NATIOH:.L 300112 COFPAHI in New York, who also arranged theircontacts at the two distillcrios and obtained their train reservations fa»-the Z
trip, Fr, hm!-'AH PEOPLES oi the PFNNSILVAHI.-1 SUG-R 001'P.".NI furnished a checkfor $300.00 to cover the expenses of both GOLD and DOUGHETI on this trip. _This check was cashed at the Company 0i'1'ice Iron the petty cash boa. During
this trip, COLD was not absent from DOUGHEF.'I'!'s presence for more than s halt
hour or so at aw one time, DOUGHERII recalled that he had attended Fess in
Chicago and that he had been absent from GOLD on a few occasions long enough to
get a beer, He recalled that GOLD gave the impression that he knew his way
around Chicago, although 0013 stated he had never been to Chicago before. '
He could not recall the exact time spent in Chicago, Pekin
or Peoria, but believed that he had returned to Philadelphia on a Saturday,
He established the date of June 21, 19115 from a cancelled check in his possession
for that date showing a purchase at Snellenbu:-g's Department Store in Phila-
delphia in the amount oi $21.70. He recalled that this included the purchase
or a pair or slacks used on this trip, He also recalled that during this trip
they made a telephone call from Illinois to the SUGRR C0lP;*.NY in Phi1ar.clph.ia,
at which time they were told that a former employee, WBLTFR KICEIELE, had died
of e heart attack. '
With respect to the death of warm meme, the State Bureau
of Vital Stetistics' records at Philadelphia reflect that h'$;L'1'.=R 0. KACHELE,
219 West Calvert Street, e consulting chemist, died of coronary thrombosis at
2:h5 PM, June 2h, l9|_4S, Ki.-CHELE's death certii'icate being signed by Coroner
J. A. BERTOLH,
In February 19116, following-their release from the PI-IENSILVANIA
SUGAR CCFP.-'.R!, both GOLD sni DOUC-HHITY went on n three day trip to Atlantic
City to attend an American Chemical Society meeting or convention for the
purpose of obtaining new positions through the American Chemical Society Place-
ment Bureau. They stayed at the Holmhurst Hotel, which GOLD said he had
visited previomly, They met some of the employees from the P-COIIPAQI while there, In their attempt to obtain positions, and DOU @'!
ed out applications listing their qualifications, As a result or this,
DOUGHERTY was interviewed by a men from the Philadelphia. Navy Yard. regarding s
position there, DOUG!-IERTI, upon learning the qualifications required for theJob, felt that GOLD would qualify better than he end suggested 00!.-D's name as
a prospective applicant,
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" 5. " GOLD did not get interviews as a result oi his q:pli-cetion, but did talk about thellavy Yard job with the party that had previouslyinterviewed NUQIERTI. lhn-ing-this trip they were together at all times,___,except during the above mentioned interviews. _ - = .. -. --
Soon'a.fter thh , GOLD and REGINA i Bedsa trip to go to New York City. went as tar as 15%, New Jersey,where he attempted to obtain a Job with FERCK AND OO!'lP1':NY, while there, hetalked to Dr. SI.!R'I'Z of the Personnel Department am two other doctors, whosenames he could not recall. He'was unable to obtain the Job for which he hadapplied. After the interviews, he continued on to New York City, where he mtRHEIRF. I£I!K¢92BAE and DID at the Pennsylvania Railroad Station, DOU$E?.'l"Iexplained that during that dq, GOLD had taken REGINA IOOKBJAUGB to ABRAHAMBROTIWAH AS&CL".'l'B in New York for the purpose of obtaining a position for her.However, she was unsuccessful and DOUGHFRTY did not know the exact reason forher not obtaining the position, After a short visit with GOLD and REGINALOOKABAIBH at the 8 i Baravar n at the Pennsylvania Station, all three returnedto Philadelphia the same day,
» DOUOHHi'l'I was unable to furnis into:-nation of value re-lating to GOLD's actual connections in Newmm cu , other than that some empl re continued apprmme.t¬I$'5e765315 that during this period GOLD on occasional weekend visits to Phila-delphia, discussed the tact that he was not being paid and lained th bexp e e sense of pay by indicating that there was always some big enterprise goixg on thatwould result in the As oci ts 2 es obtaining a considerable sum of money, Onoccasions DOUGIEETY mentioned to GOLD about quitting, but GOID continued inthis employment at BRUIEE-N's, leading IDUGHERII to believe that GOLD maypossibly have had some investment in the enterprise.
nouommr indicated en.-z 1: was his opinion com first becameass .tcd with .-"~BRI@HlJ! BRUIHW-N through mother Phils.celphia chemist, one ¢ According to DOUGHERIT, BLACK had done work for BROIRW-H tor ser of years err! about 19141; or 19145, he believes that BLACK referred someof B1'¢O'IHPAN's work t GOLD 'o to handle, the particular work pertaining to the recovery or a silver product, '
DOUGHEHTI was unable to furnish any into:-nation as to whetheror not BLACK had any Columnist tendencies, He stated, however, that on one -occasion two or three years ago while visiting BLBCK atrn apartment in the2100 block oi _5p1-uce Street, south side, that he mt amther individual withwhom BLACK lived by the name of JACK FAST. at this time FAST objected to somestatements mac-e by IIDUGEZBTI and called DOUGEBTY a reactionary aui s Faro!-81'-oAccording to DOU%'l'!, this caused him to form an opinion that FAST was s_ -- -Columnist, although he had no other information to base this opinion on. -- - -DOUUH!R'r! indicated tint T01? BUCK and HARRY oom were on very friendly-tern! -
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' - llr, noumn indicated that he had hwamt1 Lmm, etcqlt ct the time of thedeath or HARRY 0OLD'c mother, when Bnorawmvisited Philadelphia and paid recpcctc to BARR! GOLD by attending the lnernl,At thic funeral, DOUGH!I'I'Iac introduced to BR01HMMi, but did not have cm-opportunity to talk to him, -'
IDUOEHY was interviewed at length concerning hie financialconnections with HARRY IIJLD and explained that GOLD an DOUGHERTI frequently -loaned tundc or repaid funds to each other by check or by co-signing notecenabling the other to obtain loans. He indicated that on one occasion, bothhe am GOLD obtained $500.00 loam from the
"I1exhibited cancelled checks indicating that a u O0 of the money he receivedwas need to pay pocery and department store bills, He stated he didn't knowwhat com did with the $500 loaned-him by the PENNSYLVANIA some comm! atthe came time. However, DJUGHERTI admitted that he had worked her tor -GOLDat the Company to obtain theceloam, am that they had received the loantogether on February 9, 19145 and had cached their checks together at the RealEstate Truct Company on the came day,
nourmzenrz recalled that he had received a loan of about thoufrom GOLD in Auguct 19b5, He expldned that he frequently borrowed money ironGOLD aid GOLD frequently borrowed money from him and that he would be unable toctate exactly how mach money was owed between them. He believed, however, thathe wee indebted to GCLD in the amount of approximately $1400.00,
. DOUGHERTY recalled that in December 191:9 he cigned a note cca coeigner for e loan obtainedby G011! from the Corn Ecvh Tr t 0a. cnge us onpaw inPhiladelphia and that hie main reason for meeting GOLD einee that date was toobtain money from GOLD I theor repayment of this loan, He stated that frequentlyGOLD would not have the money Bid when he did not he would make the paymentshimself, He mentioned that there were about ten other notes whiah were loamfrom either the Real Estate Trxst Company or the Corn Exchange Trust Compaqmade by either DOUOIIERTY or GOLD and frequently ooeigaed by the other Hecould not recall the amounts of any of these loans, bat believed then.all tobe on the order of $200 or lees.
DOUG!-IERTY also rece_'L1e! that GOLD ire-quently'b0rrowed money from each other in the same manner. DOUGH'.EE»?1'Y believedthat he, DOUGIERTY, still owed REGINA LOOIQBAUGH about $100410 from similartreneactiom made by-him, DOUGHERTI stated that he did not reoell what useGOLD made of any of the money received by him from aw or hie loam either"from him, REGINA IDOIEABAUGH or the banks, '
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According to , proximately one or two years after the start of World War 11, December 7, 15.311! he and com visited the Loan - _ "Department of the Corn Exchange Bank at 2nd and Chestnut streets, Philadelphia,in an effort to borrow approximately $1500, This loan was for the purpose orestablishing s Vitamin Assay Laboratory. IDUGEITT indicated that the bank _would not mdre thsloan to then, inasnuoh as the purpose was to establish a _new business, The bank renreeentetive explained to GOLD and DOUGHFRTY at that .time that 13 the? had been cstah1ished'customers' so that the loan'was for 6IlJIIiI.l!1£ 'their business, such loan could have been made, DOUGHERTY was unable to 1"urn:l.sh-Ithe name oi the bank representative handling this transaction, but was of theopinion that the application would be a matter of record at the bank,
_ During the interview" with DGUGHEHTY, he continually reiteratedthe fact that he was so close to GDLD, yet was amazed to know that he knew nothingabout him or his activities, He indicated that a great majority of their ';discussions were pertaining to work, yet he was unable to hzrnish any pertinent ;information about COLD's activities at wcn-1:. Kin exanple oi this was DOUGlIER'I'Y'sclaim that he had no knowledge whatever or GOLDls prospectus on thermal 'diffusion, which was typed at the PF-NPBYHIANIA SUGAR COMPANY Laboratory byREGINA QKQQQQGQ, In this connection, he also admitted that he had frequentlywith GOLD at the Library of the Franklin Institute, but stated that heno knowledge of what information GOLD was obtaining there, He recalled thatobtained some photostatic copies of material at the Institute, . butknow the nature of aw of this material,
- Further DOUG-HER?! pointed out that GOLD had never discussedpolitics, international affairs or arnrthing which might he connected in awmanner with Communism, He stated" that the nearest thing to this was a statementmade by GOLD that Father COUGHLIN, the radio speaker, was a "rabble rouse:-,"
DOUGHERT! never saw GOLD reading the "Daily Worker" or anyother literature which he might comider to be Communist inspired, In thisconnection, IDUGHERT! stated that during the last ten years he knew GGID, hehad only visited in his house approximately six or seven times.
DOUGHERTY was asked if he recilled ever having seen or heardof GOLD entertaining any scientists from India who visited at GOLD's home,DOUGHERTY had no knowledge of any such incident. '
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. GOLD, on intm-view on Hay 15' "1950, advised that he was employed Hby AHIAI-IA! E101!-IMAN ASSOCIATE starting in l96 and remained in E201'HIlAN' ah ,ploy until June 2 19148 when h si , , e re gned. Further details regardixg OGLD'sassociation with HIOIIDIAN will be set forth under Section 1-F, whichdeals with GOLD's esp onage a vity with E101!-MAN. '
1- 2mnI>E.a:s4.sEa.se was» '-
The following investigation was conducted by Special AgentsWILLIAM E. HUGHES and WILLIAM H. HARM on Hay 25, 1950:
' JIBEPH CONLOW, Director of Personnel, PHILADELPHIA OENEZALHOSPITAL made availabl h, e t e personnel file relating to HARRY GOLD, from whichthe following information was obtained:
HARE! GOLD, 6823 Kindred Street, Philadelphia, was born inSwitzerlandon Decenber 12, 1910. His Social Security Number is" 160-OS-14277,and his education consisted of two years at the University of Pennsylvania,three years at Drexel Institute of Technology, both Philadelphia, and threeyears at Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio. From the latter institution hereceived a B.S. Degree in Chanistry. His enployznent, other than the PHILADEL-PHIA GENERAL HOSPITAL, was seventeen years at the PENNSYLVANIA SUGAR COLEANTand subsidiaries, frun which his services terminated as a result of the co'npaxv'sbeing sold. He also was employed as a chief chemist for two years up to June191,8 by A. EIOTHLIAN ASSOCIATJE3, 292 st Avenue, Long Island, New York. Ref-erences were listed as Dr. GUSTAV T EICH, Packard Building, 111 South 15thStreet, and JOHN P. HANII, PENNSYLVANIA SUGAR COMPANY, 1037 North DelawareAvenue, both Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Relatives were indicated as SAMUEL 'GOLD, father, and JOS brother both 6823 Ki ' 5h_F1_.P_Q.Ln. . ndred Street, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, tel one Pllgran 5-81492.
Hr. DNLEII advised that durirg GOLD's entire employment at thePl{II-ADELPHIA GENERAL HOSPITAL, he had been connected with the Heart Station andIaborat 0 .ory received a tanporary appointment as a Senior Biochemiat Re-segch! September 2O, l9hB, and received a permnent appointment December 20, 19 . On A - 'ugust 16, 19119, COLD was prcmoted to Chief Research Chemist at asalary of $h3h0.00 per year,
Information relative to COLD's absences from the Heart Stationwas reviewed through a check oi the tim be ook maintained by one luscaasr A.TIE-INEI, clerk of the Heart Station, who maintains daily records "of eaclrelaployeeof the Station. It was obs derve that GOLD was not absent at any time, other than the August 1911.9 period when he was on vacation.
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__._....._.. --._...-.-._._-_-4--_-ii.-.-. - -.-. It-. PASCAL F. gccmr, Superintendent or the PHIILAELPHIAcsremssos advisedthat-_wssm:ab1etomrmshar;yir1Y5?m7f3.'51T'>-'EE inasmuch as he knew him only by sight. Accordizg to DreIDCCHEBI, HARRY GOLD was hired after being reccmnended by Dr, SAHIJEL BELLE,who is connected with the Heart Station. However, Ir. IUCCHBI pointed outthat persons who would probably have occasion to know HARRY GOLD best at tinhospital were nr. s,-uwsx. mm and nonorsz ssxz, Laboratory Technician Assistant
nr. mccass: related that on ere occasion when equipnzent waslacking at the Heart Station, HARRY COLD gave the hospital a small scale such =as druggists use. to measure milligram weights, which had been maintained WGOLD at his hum. ' e -
Dre IIICCHEBI made available to the interviewing Agents a"two-page background of HARRY GOLD which is in the handrrriting of GOLD» It wasasserted during the interview with Dr. BELLE! that this material consistirgof two pages, had been furnished to him by GOLD approximately two months agoat his request, '
' Dr. SAMUEL. BELIE1, Assistant Chief of the Heart Division andCardiologist, maintains a private medical office as well as a residence at _2021 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, telephone Rlttenhouse 6-1936, as well as non-published number Icust 7-011'!» llre BELLE! has been associated with the PHILA-DELPHIA GENERAL HOSPITAL since July of 1927, and since that time has been con-tinually associated with the Heart Station of the hospital. He described HARRYCOLD as a very excellent worlser and said that he was employed in 19146. Withrespect to the mployment, he pointed out that in 19148 mnds were made avail-able through the United States Public Health Service to employ a chenist inresearch work, and that !-IARRI GOLD was employed a.1t_er originally being recom-mended by a former technician in the Heart Station by the name of BEATRICE ll.
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According to Dr. BELLE, he has been GOLD's superior sinceCO1-D's employment in Septenber 19b8, and at all times he has found him. to bea very hard worker, pleasant, a type of individual who would do arwone in the -Heart Station a favor at any time, and the typo of person who, occasiona].'|.y,mentions sanething about his family or personal background, but he never re-calls GOLD as engaging in any discussions relating to politics or world affairs.He stated that nothing had ever occurred which would have caused him to questionGOLD: loyalty in any way. ' . M-
. During the interview with nr. Baum,-he made eveneue to_theinterviewing Agents the brief case owned by HARE! COLD, and an en-.am:|.nati'on-o£-the same tailed to disclose am material pertinent to instant investigatiorne . -
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The examination was made in the presence of Dr. esunr, who stated that the_ material was pertinent to hospital affairs. ' -
' __ . . I" Kiss DOROTH! DEL! HELL, Laboratory 'I'ecl'u1ician Assistant, who.resides at 1.39 South 46th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, telephone Evergreen6-7579, advised that she has been employed at the Heart Station of thePHEADELPHIA GENERAL IDSPITAL since Hear 2 l9l.9 Since that time he h , . s as been@ HARRY GOLD worldng in the same am!room onthe same projects that GOLD was working on. She pointed out that in GOLD'ework he is rather isolated, and that she has been the one who was inconstant _touch with him. '
. . .
According to hiss BELL, during the entire time she has knownGOLD, they have never entered into any discussions regarding politics or worldaffairs, and to the best of, her knowledge, he has never confided in anyone atthe hospital regazding his personal problem. He associated with the techni-cians docto, re, and fellow research men connected with the Heart Station exclusively,and had no close personal frierdr at the hospital. She described GOLD as beingve 117 p easant at all times, nice to everyone, a very hard worker and the typef I o person who would do a favor for anyone in the Heart Station. Further, sheimlicated that during the time she has known GOLD, nothing has ever occurredwhich would cause her to question his loyalty in any way. He had no friendsvisit him at the hospital and v, only one personal friend known as "D00" regularlytelephoned him.
wnmmz A. smmsn, III, 14. 0., Resident Physician in Medicine,PHILADELPHIA GENERAL PDSPITAL, who reside at S20 East Durham Street, Ph:Llaiel-phia, telephone Wissahicleon 7-9738, advised that he has been associated withthe PHILADELPHIA GENERAL HOSPITAL since February of 1943. and that he has beenconnected with the Heart Station at the hospital sin Occe tober 1, l9I+8. He has known HARE! GOLD since October of l9t|B, and stated that as far as is known,GOLD had no close personal as isoc ates at the hospital and his associations atthe hospital were limited to persons connected with the Heart Station ani theLaboratory, inasmuch as his duties confined him to the Heart Station. Ehstated that he had had numerous talks with GOLD over the period since Octoberof 19b8, but that they had never discussed political matters or world affairs.At various times GOLD had mentioned to Dr. STEIGER incidents conceming his -'
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birth in Switzerland,-stating that his parents had had very hard times gettingalong, that he had encountered numerous difficulties in obtaining an education, _and that he had had personal problems in employment. He described GOLD as avery likeable person, easy going, a type that would do a favor for anyone, andnot at all reticent in speaking of his own personal affairs. He pointed out _that he was an ertremely hen! worker, putting in long hours, arxl that at no- time had any occurrence tal-can place which would have caused him to questionGOLD: loyalty.-.
- With respect to GOLD's previouaemployment, Dr. SIEIBER relatedthat GOLD had told him that he GO,-. LD; had previously been employed somewhere in New York by a concern knownas A. BROTPM_4_N__l;SSQ{J_IATES According to GOLD'S story he had been apartner in ¢n1e"%a 5£is=e, with ar"1"'i1-riividual by the name of nzcn phonetic! and others, arcs being an elderly man who had " Chemi aB Ph.D- in e ry. According to the story told by GOLD, these individuals had investedmoney in this business, together with BROTHMAN, without any written security,and BROTHHAN had ubseouently incorporated the business in such a manner as toexclude them financially so that they lost their investment. GOLD pointed out thatat the eni of the BROTHMAN venture, he had been left without any money whatever -and that since his employment at the hospital, he had been engaged in some activitywith the above described RICH inan effort to get money due them from sacrum: ' ASSOCIATES lhis no. omation regarding BROTHMAN ASSOCIATES was not confirmed - . by any other interviews at the hospital.
Dr. S'I'E].'GER also referred to some personal information concerningGOLD which might possibly be of interest. Dr. STEIBER related a story told by GOLD to the effect that one time while in New York, GOLD had left a brief caseon a Subway car and almost lost it inasmuch as the subway door had closed.however, someone in the subway handed it out to him through a window. GOLD hadpointed out that he had been extremely alemed at the time this incidbecause the bri fent occurred e case had contained very valuable material belonging to his employers. -
The following individuals were interviewed and could furnish no information in addition to that furni hs ed by Dr. STEIGER, with the exception _ that GOLD was extremely close to his father; that GOLD's mother had been some-what of a tyrant in that she ruled the GOIJJ householdwith an iron ham; and thatGOLD was a very unselfish individual:
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Dr. DANIEL I. LEWIS, Research Fellow in Cardiology, H-IILADEIPHH
GENERAL HOSPITAL; residence, 23 Valley Road, 12:-exel Hill, Pennsyl»vania; telephone, Clearbrook 9-5069 who has been at the PHIIAIEI»PHIL GENERAL HEBPITAL Heart Station since July 1, 19119!. " , _
m-. 1|. n. PHELPS, Research Fellow in Cardiolog, PHIIADELPHIA 'cmma:.1. HOSPITAL; residence, 519 Walnut Isno, Swarthxnore, Pennsyl-vania; telephone, Snarthmore 6-61142 who has been at the PHILADEL-PHIA omrsnu. nosmau. since November 191»? and at the Heart Station
since July 191:9!. _
. D1. JOHHRUE.'1' URHACH, Resident Physician, PHILFJJEIPHIA GENERALHOSPI1A.L;residence, 512 Elkine Avenue, E11d.ns Park, Pennsylvarxiaftelephone, Helrose 1360 who has been at the hospital since July 1,
I 1911'! and at the Heart Station since July 1, 19119 -
The following individuals, who are employed at the Heart Stationas '1echnicians in Cardiology, were interviewed and could furnish no informationin addition to that has previously been set forth: -
IDRO'1'HI DOIMES EUIELL, 70148 Grays Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;telephone, Saratoga 9-3816 who has been employed at the Heart Stationsince January 1, 1950!. _
Hrs. JOHN C. BARBA, nee ANNE AHRISON, 5 East Chestnut Avenue,
Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania; telephone, WIssahickon 7-8539 whohas been anployed at the Heart Station since August 16, 1.9115!-
ANTHONY A. IOMBA.R.DI, PHIIAIJEIPHIA GENERAL HOSPITAL who residesat the PHIIADELPHIA GENERAL HOSPITAL anc1'who has been connectedwith the Heart Station since February 12, 19113!» "
With respect to the interview with Mrs. BARBA, she pointed outthat the on1y'personal friend of GOLD who vis him at work, to the beet ofher knowledge, was a man by the name oi mon;%wsoN, whowae connected with
the PENBSILW-.NIA am who comes to the Heart Station for medicalattention, receiving electrocardiograph at the Heart Station.
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DELPHIA emnm. mama; 655 Torrcsdale Avenue, Philadelphia, telephone yfair ¢mm, made available the time books for the Heart 'Station employees, which she maintained, She stated that of her own lcnmrledge,HARRY GOLD has not missed any work other than his vacation period frun August 1to August 11:, 19149, except one day in April 1950, when he attended a meet-I13 of
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_ d-octors'a1r1 bdochmists discussing heart ctlssases at Atlantic ea, New Je-soy. _However, on this particular day he was reported as being present, imsnuch astheylettthehospital andreturnedthe some day.
92' Miss TIEINEI pointed out that over a period of the past tiemonths, she has noticed a gradual change in GOLD's mannerisms, in tlnt he became _, increasingly nervous, Other persom interviewed. at the Heart Station verifiedthis infomation, particul.arIl.y Doctors BE!-LEI, STEI and PHELPS, all of when -said that his work has eu.trm~od as a result Howeve alls r, persons interviewedpointed out that they had attributed this change to the fact that GOLD had beenworlcing l_ ong hours, and they assumed that it was because of this overwork. .
Dr. DANIEL W. LEWIS, previously mentioned, was the only individualwith when GOID apparently discussed his mcation in Mane in 19119. Dr. LEWIS .-related that accordirg to GOLD, GOID had gone to Maine to spend a two-week .mcation but had become _£riend1y with some unlmonn individual at this vacationresort and wound up paying some liquor'b:l.l1s, and as a result he had no fundsafter approximately three or four days, and returned home. This informationwas not verified by any other interviews. - "
Dr. JEFT-EILSON H. CIJLRK, Chief oi Laboratories and'Blood Bank,PHIL-"~DELP!£[AGENEl.1L HOSPITAL, nho'se'residence is 101 Avenue, Wyncote,Pennsylvania, telephone Ogontz 3213 and Dr. HENRY P. C,, E nmnz, Principal Bio- chemist, 92DELPHLl'GENERAL HOSPITAL, Main Patholo Iaboratory, residenceh9h1 Larclnroo venue, , elc.-phone ALleghemr la-5625, iurnished thefollowing information concerning HARRY GOLD:
Both of the doctors explained that they had originally inter-viewed GOLD on September 7, 19748, along with six or seven other applicants forthe chemist position in the Heart Station,'a.nd they recalled that he had beenreccmmended by Dr. BELLE! for the position. Their interviews related solelyto his qualifications for the Job as a biochemist in the Heart Station, andthey did not recall any specific information concerning his background other 'than educational and previous types oi work hanced. Since GOLD s employment,they have had no contact with him except in official matters, and have no knouu 'ledge whatever of his personal activities. They described him as a lilceablssort of individual, a hard worker and an able chemist, and stated that nothilghad ever occurred which would have caused then to question his loyalty in anyTe '
Dr. SCHHARZ related that while he was having lunch with-IDLDon a Saturday approximately three weeks previous, GOLD had mentioned that gas _diffusion was an excellent method oi separation of isotopes; Inasmuch as the .previous experience oi GOLD related to industrial chemistry, this statanent_
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Hrs» GERTRUDE C. SARELIA, Assistant Superintendent'sPH GBEBAL HOSPITAL, made a chock of t1_1e hospital's toll éalls, andit was ascertained that the only recorded can made by GOLD was at 2:h3 pan. on April 11, 1950, qhen he called Chester 3-B393. Ho other in.toz-motion concern-
ing this call was available.
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. The £oJ.1.o||ing'investigation was conducted by Special Agent. mm F. noarrz on Hey 2h,-1950. This in.£orms.tion was obtained from the SelectiveService file ot HARRY GOLD maintained by'the Pennsylvania State Office of .Selective Service Recod-ch, llechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. - . -
' Selective Service Registration Fem completed October 16, l9h0 =._for ram: com, 5032 North Boudinot Street, Philadelphia, telephone nevenpert B3142, tnenty-nine years of age; born Decaniber 12, 1910 at Bern, Switzerland;U. S. citizen. Person Ibo will always know whereabouts Mrs CELIAmother, sane address. Enployer - PENNSYLVANIA SUGAR COM1:ANY,.I53? 110% Delaware aveme, Philadelphia.
- The reverse side pears the rollovdng descriptive data: male;white; S'6";'l80 pounds; hazel eyes; brown hair; light brown coaxplezclon; LocalBoard No. 65, 5th and Wyoming Avenue, Philadelphia.
The face of this registration card bore a notation in the marginthat the registrant's'ad.dress was changed to 6623 Kindred Street, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania; however, there was no date of this change. No letter or cardchanging his address was noted 'in the le, so he apparently notified the LocalBoard in person or this charge.
' Selective Service Questionnaire, Form DSS hO, dated November 19,19111, contained the following statements in GOLD's handwriting:
SeLriesIl_ - Identiticat§._o_:_1
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HARRY GOLD - no aliases, 5032 North Boudinot Street,telephone Davenport 86142, Social Security Number 160-O5-h27?, age thirty yearson last birthdq-e
Serie3_ 2 - P§sical_£orr:1itio£_1
Registrant stated he had no physical or mental defects or_ diseases and that he was not an inmate or any institution.
Series 3 - Edumtion
Completed eight years elementary school and four. years highschool. Attended Undversity oi Pennsylvania - course in'Che.mistry, one and one-ev half years; Ih-exel Evening School - Chemical Ehgineering, two and one-halt years;Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio - Chemistry, two years. Ho dates vmre givenfor his attendance at aw of the above schools and no degrees were listed.}.- -'
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Series h - Occuation _
Presently employed Research Chemist -' Vitamin as and oh r says researon Iomentation problems. The"iol1oIing statemmt was noted: '
"I have had tjrelve years experience in this kind of Ire:-k." _
Monthly earnings were listed as $180.00. H
- There were the following quoted statements in thisusection orthe questionnaire:
In my present Job, I am a regular enployee working for a salary 'I have worked eight years in ngy present job and expect to continueindefinitely."
.' n"Ian now employed in national defense work. I-V employer is ' 'PENNSYLVANIA SUGAR COMPANY, 1037 North Delawsreavenue Phila-umnue oi sugar, alcohol, dryice, solvents, yeast." _
He also stated that he was not engaged in any other business.
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There were no entries in this section of the questionnaire.
iams 6 -.°=¢sr@*=1°M1a E>ser19§=rLQ'4ael1f1¢a*1<>s=2
' Registrant stated he was e. chemical ensineeqand -operated s.pilot plant. He stated that he worked from 1936 to 193 in this classification.
' In answer to the question as to the occupation for which he wasbest fitted, registrant tated he was best fitted for work as a research chemistHestated, "I an not licensed in a trade or rot s i hap e s on. I veworkedinthefollowing state or states during the past two years - Pennsylvarda."
$a='1s§;! r- Faaliitetsar <1, Bavensntz .
"I am single. I have no children nder eighteen years of age.The follouirg is a list oi all members of the family groupinwhich I live: '
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' Registrant stated he began to contribute to the support oi his 4 mother, CELIA GOLD, in March 1932, at which time she was not earnirg amr money.The following was the income for the fsm'l.1y group during the twelve months pre-vious to the date of this questionnaire November 19141!:
mast 82,010
SAM _ '9oo
CELIA OJ CBEFH BQO
_ HARRY stated he contributed 3600.00 during the previous twelvemonths to the support oi the family group»
The registrant stated that his mother was a dependent becausethe mount of money earned by his father plus the amount contributed by his _brother was insu.f£icient for the living expenses of the family group. He statedthat there was no property owned by either the registrant or by his dependents»He stated that the house or apartnent in which he resided was rented and thathe had $2140.00 in a savirgs account.
Series B - Lnister etc. I
. This section did not apply to IL92RRI GOLD and no entries werelisted.
Series 9 - Citizenship _ _
GOLD stated he was born at Bern, Switzerland, December 12 1910;that he was a member oi the white race; and that he was a citizen of the UnitedStates.
Series lO - Qonscientigus Oblection tojar
There were noentries in this section. i
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, com stated, ax have not been convicted of a me.-Series l2 - llili p Service _ O f 1:-_
There were no entries in this section of the questionnaire.
e .Series L P;-£ge_§_llmlber for _,A:1aed_Forces,,Of1:icial,*;e_teJ=. _
There irere no entries in this section of the questionnaires
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On the final page_ of the questionnaire, GOLD made an affidavitswearing to the truth oi the statements in this Occupational Questionnaire andsaid the statements were all in his own handnritixg. It was notarized Nevmber '29, 19b1, the signature er the officer administering the oath being "HARRY Foncx,Chief Clerk." Under the notation "I-iinutes of. action by the'Loca1 Board," therewas infonnation that GOLD vms classified l-Hon Docanber 13, 19141-
The Selective 'Service_file also contained a request for CIGIGIHment, Form 11.2-A, which was sent to Local Board me. 65 by the Pamxsrtvmm suoanCOHPAN! December 5, 191:1, requesting deferment because the comparw manufacturedalcohol used in making explosives, and stating GOLD was listed as an operationschemist who needed years of experience to roach his present efficiency. A state-ment vras made that if the registrant. was removed 1:-an his position, both thequality and quantity oi production frcm this ccnpany would suffer because toreplace him with a person of like abilities would take years of training. Astatment was madethat he is the only person employed by that firm with similarslclll and training. The name of the official signing Form I42-A was H. H. JONES,Se - cretary and Treasurer, PF-NIBYLVANIJL SUGAR COL§PnNI, PENNSYLVzaNI.-92 ALCOHOL CORPORA-TION, This tom was notarized December 5, l9h1,
' There was also a form completed entitled, "Affidavit by Depend-ent Over Eighteen Years," This form was completed by GOLD's mother, CELIA GOLDand was sworn to on Decenber 2, 19141. She swore that she was the motHe'r'5I'HARRY GOLD and was partially supported by him. CELIA stated she had been supi-perted for nine years by HARRY'GOIDe During the previous twelve-month period,she stated he contributed $600.00 in cash to her support, as well as $h00.00 inthe'form of room and board, She said she was at that time fizy-eight years ofage, born in Russia, had no physical or mental detects, and had earned nothilgin the past twelve months. -
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GOLD, she had received C-900.00_in the past twelve months frcm her husband. Shc -'said that she could be supported without any contribution frm: HARRY at that time.
Also contained in the Selective Service file was an OccnpatiomlQuestionnaire cardboard fern! dated June 23, 19b2, which contained information ._;that agreed with the information mrnished in the first Occupational Questionnaireand, in addition, contained the following information: _ _1
' - GOLD stated that he first began working as a research chmist ~in 19311. at the time he canplcted. this questionnaire, he stated he was experi-menting with Vitamin B and did work on yeast, alcohol and sugar at this plant '!, He stated that in his work he uses bacteriologicalchmical laboratory equipment. Under the occupation in which the registrant 'had previous experience or training, GOID listed the following:
Bacteriologist
Chemist '
Chemical Engimer
mathematician
There was also a statement that he had not registered nith theNational Roster of Scientific and Specialized Personnel, Washington, D. GoGOLD said he was best fitted for a job as research chemist and second best
for a job as chemical erginecr, stating he had been enployed as a chenicalengineer from 1936 to 1933 in "plant development oi processes worked out in
laboratory."
The file also contained a physical examination fem in whichGOLD indicated he had a tendency toward high blood pressure. '1he'iom also showedthat GOLD had second and'third degree burns on the hands and body. It stated hespoke the Swiss language. Dr. ALBET B." K.-.TZ apparently the Local Board doctor!signed the form February 12, 1.9142, indicating GOLD had "hypertensioru"
The file further corrbained AGO Form 221, which is the physical
examination form ccmpleted when GOLD reported for induction. This form stated .
GOLD was mturalized through his father-'s papers in 1921 at the United States -District Court in Philadelphia. Under the notation "Pgrson to be Hot:l.fi°tedsin atCase of Energency," he listed CELL1 QQLP or -SAM GOLD 032 North Boudin re ,Philadelphia. This form was completed by $.11-SEVAN, Captain, .1:-aw MedicalCorps, dated April 20, 19142. The doctor said that GOLD had'a disqualiirgdefect considered irrenediahle, and unfit for military duty. He was classified1;-F as a result or hypertension, cardio vascular. _
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' lgselective Service le further contained I158 Form 1:2-Brequesting deferment for HARRY GOLD, which fem was ccmplet-ed HQ 3, 1916 andsigned. w B. P. surrn, Einployment Hamger, PBNIISZLVANII sum-uz cormnz. This "form lists HARRY GOLD as Chemical Supervisor, describing his duties as thetalclng care 01' chmsal control and analytical works of the plant, _ - -
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' Confidential Infomants '1'-1, T-2, T-3 and T-h, alloi known reliability, who are familiar with activities or the Cmnmunist Party 'and are acquainted with many Communist Party memoers in the Eastern Pennsyl-vania District, were contacted on May 29, 1950, and each advised, upon oh-serving a photograph of HARRY GOLD, that he was not acquainted with him,did not know of any Communist activity on GOLD' s part, and had never heardhim mentioned by axv Party members up until the time of his arrest.. I-
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I. AND
w The records of the Ir..cnt:i.iicntion Division of the Philar..el-phia Police Department were examined and it was found that HARRY GOLD, 6823North Kindred Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, born December 12, 1910, atBern, Switzerland, had no record therein.
The files of the Philadelphia Credit Bureau Inc. H 5 c ntain '-
5 .I I o no information regarding HARRY C-OLD.
' The records of the FBI Identification Division disclosedthat HARRY GOLD, born December l2, 1910, in Switzerland; residing SO32North Boudinot Street, Philadelphia and employed by the gmgm@gg, was fingerprirrted on July 20, 19112, by the Capta of the Port, Phi1a- ~elphia, Pennsylvania, in connection with on application for a Coast GuardIdentification card. This bore Captain of the Port #ou176o58.
J. DESCRIPTION
The following description of subject HAPRI GOLD was ob- tained from the records of the office of Selective Service records, the FBIIdentification Division and personal observation and interrogation:
' Name a aliases Hana! coma, was., I-Ienry.Go1d,' '
He-nrich Gold, Henrich Goldnitzld,Henrich Golodnitslqr, Frank Keppler,Frank Kessler, :_Enu! Raymond. - p
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i __ ___ III. IN'IERVIEw3 wrramnmoom PREGEDIRGARR-153'! A' ' ' 0nHay1$ 190 ' ', 5 , Special Agents T. SGOTT MILLER, JR. and RICHARD E. BIENHAI contacted HARRY GOLD at the PHl.'L4.DELPgA QFML, 3l.th Streetand u-ie Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylv a. pon s_ niti contact, GOIDadvised that he was in the middle or some chemical research and would not beavailable for interview until approximately 5:00 PJ4. GOLD was subsequently re- contacted and advised he would be delayed until 7:00 PJI. 5
At 7.00 P.x. the above named Agent, accompanied hy the writer, mat HARRY GOLD at the main entranc ' t he o t e PHJIADELPHIA GENERAL IDSPITAL and was driven to the Philadelphia Office of the Federal Bureau or Investigation, 500 Iyiidener Building. l
The interview of mm com, which began at app1'OJI.imate1y_7:2O an on Hay 15 -1950 was
is , , conducted by Special Agents T. SCOTT MILLER, JR. and RICHARD E. BRENNAN. During this interview, HARRY G011! was shown a picture of E2411 JHLIQ - KLAUS FUQ1-§, along with other pictures of no investigative signitio e. GOLDlooked at the photograph oi FUCFB arr! after a few moments stated, "This is a vex?lmusual picture, that is that English spy". However, GOLD denied ever having met FUCHS, amt said he merely recognized his picture from the pictures he had seen i.n the newspapers. 5
This interview was terminated at approximately 11:05 P.M. At this time an appointment was made to continue the interview of GOLD at his convenience.The date set for the next interview was Friday, Hay 19, 1950, at 5:00 P.H.
Upon completion of. the interview, HARRY GOLD was driven back to the hospital by Special Agent ROBERT G. JEIGEN, as GOLD stated he had somegnaterial to put away. After a short wait at the hospital, HARRY GOLD was driven to his residence at 6823 Kirzlred Street, Philadelphia.
0n May 19 1950 the interview of HARRY GOLD was continued by Special Agents 1- soorr 1'm.mn' an. , . and RICHARD E. BRENNAN at the Philadelphia office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. During this interview, HARRY GOLDfurnished information concerning his family and his background. when questionedconcerning vacation periods am trips that he mayhave made during 191.3, 19% nd 191.5, GOLD stated that he had never been west of the Mississippi River, nor. hai he ever made any trips to the New England area. GOLD was again shown a pictureof FUCHS and he again stated that he had never met or seen FUCIB inhis lite. At this time he stated that he recalled heving seen the picture of FUCHS in Newsweekmagazine.
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. During this interview arrangements for s voluntary search were ..discussed with HARRY GOLD. He offered to permit a search of his premises st -6823 Kitlired Street, on Setuniay morning, Hay 20, 1950, during the period thathis father am brother would be away from home. GOLD offered to fumish a keyso that the Agents could enter his residence. At this time arrangements were
completed to conduct s voluntary search on Hay 22, 1950, when HARRY GOLD wouldbe at house. Arrangements were also made for continuance of the interview on
the following day, Hay 20, 1950.-
' HARRY GOLD appeared at the Philadelphia Office of the FedemlBureau of Investigation at the time of the appointed interview on May 20, 1950.At this tim HARRY GOLD advised that he was plwsically tired and requested that-the interview be held in abeyance until Hay 21, 1950.
On Hay 21, 1950, HARRY GOID was again interviewed by SpecialAgents T. S IJ'1'1' MILLER, JR. and RICHARD E. BRENNAN. The interview on thisdate began at approximately 3:30 P.H. and continued until 7:20 P.H. Duringthis interview, HARRY GOID continued to deny any association or acquaintancewith EH11. JULIIB KLAUS FUCPB. .
IV. DEALINGS WITH EHIL JULIUS KLAUS FUCHS
A. HARRY corms vemron R
1. Preliminagg Daniels _ - -_ '
On May 15, 19, and 21, 1950, HARRY GOLD, during the interviewscorxiucted by Special Agents T. S D'l'T MILLER, JR. and RICHARD E. BRENNAN, continuedto steadfastly deny ever having met or having had any association in aw way,shape or fashion, with E2411. JULIUS KLAUS FUCHS. ' - '
2. Search and Admission _
00 HA7 22. 1950, HARE! GOLD permitted Special Agents '1'. SO01! .MILLER, JR. am! RICHARD E. BRENNAN to enter his residence at 6823 Kindred Street,at approudmately 8:30. A.!-I. At this time, HARRY GOLD executed the followingwritten consent to a search of his premises: _
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"I," HARRY GOID, having been informed of my constitu- ' _.tionsl right not to have a search made of the premises hereinafter '
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"mentioned without a search, warrant ani of or right to refuse ' " ". to consent to such a search, hereby authorize RICHARD E. BRENNAN, - Iand '1'. SGJT1 MILLER, JR., Special Agents of the Federal Bureauof Investigation, United States Department of Justice, to con- Vduct a complete search of my residence located at 6823 Kindred Ave, Phila., Penn. _ These agents are authorized by me to takefrom aw residence any letters, papers, materials or other
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"This written permission is being given by me to theabove namd Special Agents voluntarily and without threats orpromises of any kirli.
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'1. SMTT IIILLER, JR.
Special Agent - F.B.I.
RICHARD E. BRENNAN
Special Agent, FBI." A
The search of the premises began in the bedroom of HARRY GOLD atappro:|cl.mateIL7 8:h5 A.H. At about 10:13 A.H., a street map of Santa Fe, NewMexico was found. GOLD, upon being confronted with this map, stated, after afew moments, "I an the man to whom KLAUS FUCI-B gave the infomation".
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After this oral admission on the part of HARRY GOID, he was askedif he would accompany the Agents to the Federal Bureau of Investigation Office,500 Widener Building, Philadelphia, to continue to discuss this matter.
After arriving at the Philadelphia Office of the Federal Bureauof Investigation, HARE! GOLD furnished the following signed statement relativeto his activities:
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I, HAM! GOLD, of 6823 Kindred Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 'make the following voluntary statement to RICHARD E. HLENNAH and'1. SCUM IIILLER, .13., who have identied themselves to me as Speciallgcnts or the Federal Bureau of Investigation, United States Depart-ment ot Justice. No threats or promises have been made me, and I _'. Hrealize that any statement I make may be used against me in a courtor la . I haw vs been advised that I may secure the services oi anat|tOI'ny0 _ _
In the summer of 1936 I made several inquiries concerning the Oom-munist Party of the United States. At this time I was employed as achemist by the Pennsylvania Sugar Company, of 103? North DelawareAvenue, Philadelphia, Pexuasylvania.
"In the tall 36 Iwas visited at my heme by a man who identified 'himself as P m. He said that he understood that I was a chemist,and he though hat possibly I might be interested in aiding in theprocurement of industrial information for the Soviet Union. This be-gan a period or industrial espionage on ngy part which lasted until 191.3.W association with SHIT!-I'was of relatively short duration, during whichtime I furnished him with sane data concerning processes that were beingworked on in the laboratory of the Pennsylwnia Sugar Company and sub-sidiaries. This data was as complete and factual as I could make it.
"SMITH, whose name was obviously false, was llowed in succession bytwo mm, one of whom identified themselves a , who had a pronouncedRussian accent. .
"In the early summer or l938 the possibilities at Pennsylvania SugarCmparv had pretty well petered out, and I was several times pressedto try and obtain other sources or information. By this I mean peoplewho could fhrrzish us with technical data. However, in my circle oririends there were none who were even the ranotest likely candidate,and so I did nothing. This led to a break of over two years, duringwhich time 1 attended college in Cincinnati. I graduated in l9hO.
return to Philadelphia I ms again contacted by the people withhad worked before. I was called on the phone in July, 1went down town to see this man, who turned out to be JACO MB.ain pressed me to continue the work which I Ind done previously,agreed. However, it was pretty sporadic in nature, and, with .caption of the one contact that he gave me, AH?AHA1£ BRO'I'Hl.!AN,'_
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ncthirg much of it. I was supposed to 3c1Qn. 'o1'm.tion or a tech-nical nature from E?-UIEEAN, but very little came of that, simply bo-eause he was extranely unreliable in getting material together. He 'gave me some data on m:l.xing equipnent which was practically all his _design, and it seemed to me that practically everything he gave meat any time was his clnrinvention or design. mcrniom kept pressingme on several occasions, and wanted to lcncw aB'Ut!t"BTa possibi1ity ct _his doing consulting work for the Soviet Union on an open basis, as _ _' _a private individual, and they acting as representatives of their 'goverrment to this company, and whenever I mentioned it to the peoplewith when I was in touch they discounted the idea and wouldn't listenU0 113 at 8110
"I never told HRUITMAN oi my association with the Soviet Union, butI think that he suspected it because of the way that I operatedIintroduced myself by another name.
"Ik:1ew%l_i verybrieitime,andhewasiollcwedveryshortlybysmanca e%about the endofl9hO. Itwasnithahithatmyassociation con inued uninterruptedly as a contact. I used to meetSill almost always in New York. Sometimes, very rarely, he would cometo Philadelphia, but usually it was in New York, usually on a streetcorner that we met. Nonnally we went for a walk. Sometimes, but 'rarely, we had smoothing to eat. SAM did not have a Russian accent, 'but I had an idea he was a Russian.
"Shortly after I met SAH he told me that there was not much purpose tocontinuing this work in general, and that the best thixg I could dowould be to forgot about it, and this state continued am late whountil the fall of 19141, after Russia was attacked by Germany. ThenSAH¢sJ.1edmeup, Imethim, andheto1dmethat'neha.dtobeginanintensive campaign for obtaining information for the Soviet Union.This happened about a couple of months after Russiawas attacked byGsrmarv. At that time I made a half-dozen trips to upper New Yorkstate, namely, Syracuse, Rochester, and Buffalo. I was to transaitintormationI acted as a go-between.
"Plhat I did on each of these occasionswas to obtain information frateuneone that I didn't know but who was, I'm pretty sure, an American,a native, and I gave it over to SAM, or sometimes not to SAM but tosaneone who I did not know by name or anything. I just got it andeither I received material whose nature I did not know except thatthey were very bullq packets, and in a matter of hours, or senetimes -even udmtes, turned it over to a third person, sometimes SAM. Therewas one man that I saw twice in Rochester, one man that I saw twicej
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inBuffalo, Qthereneretvroothex-sthatIsonce,a11dIgotthe definite impression in each case that they were native Americans.Sometimes I travelled with the information fran one city to the ad-jacent one, that is, say, from Rochester to Buffalo before turnixg ' i over. " '_
"Inveryearlyl9hhI1|astold by_§_A§Lthat Ivastoundertakeanextranelyimportant error-t. This was to be work of so critical a nature that I"'Iasto think twice and three times before I ever spoloe a word concerning itto anyone, or before I made a move, that is before I spolos to anyoneconcerned in it. He didn't elaborate on what the nature oi the workactually we he gave me the _details or an arrangement whereby I metDoctcr KLAU OHS This moetizg took place on the east side of NewYorli on a t . as I recall, the arrangencnts for actual recogni- 'tion included the fact that I was to carry a pair of gloves in one hand,plus a green-covered book, and Dr. FUCHS was to carry a hand ball inone hand. I can.not'recall whether SAM gave me Dr. FUCHS! name, he mayhave. In any event, we met in, I believe, late February or earlgrtlarch01 191411. I introduced myself to him as R.AI3iON1D. He never used thename. He knew it was a phony. He introduced himself to me as KLAUSFUCHS.
"We went for a brief walk-and then took a cab uptown to a restaurantaround 3d Avenue in the 50's, where we had dimer, but we did not speakmuch there. Afterwards wemrent for a walk, during which we completedarrangements for further meetings. Among these" arrangements were:
l. We were to be extranely careful and never meetqina restaurant again. _
2. We were only to meet for as briei a period as Ias
necessary to complete whatever we had to do.
3. Each meeting included complete arrangenents forfurther meetings and provisions were made foralternate dates and places, but we were never tomeet in the same place twice.
"He told me during the first and second meetings that he was with theBritish Mission working with the Lianhattan Engineer Project. He alsoexplained to me the manpower set-up of the British group as he knew it.He told me that they were wor1cLng on the separation oi isotopes, aiii .it scans to me that there was at least implied the eventual utilizationof the energy produced by nuclear fission in the fem of a weapon. - Onething he told me on mamr occasions was that they worked in extranehy
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tight cups.-begs, and em one gI'O1-lp did not know what the othergroupwas doing. This I_ canverifybythe fact thatho toldme thathe thought that there was possibility of a large-scale installations __for icotgpe separation projected for future developnent somewhere, hethought, dorm in Georgia or Alabama. This, of course, later turmdout to be Oak Ridge.
"The second meeting with FUCFB consisted of an amplification of ourarrangements for meeting and a description by FUCHS of the physicaland personnel set-up of the Manhattan Engineer Project. This meetingwas in New York. "
"llzring these first two meetings neither Dr. FUCHS nor I made aw directreference to his supplyirg me with information, t it was more or less 'mutually understood that he was "to supply me with information from thework he was doing.
"The second meeting took place with FUCHS a few weeks following thefirst one somewhere in Upper Manhattan. Successive meetings took placein a number of widely separated localities, including the Bronx, Brooklyn,llanhattan, and Queens. There were, in all, until the summer of 1.9104, stotal of in the neighborhood of five meetings, on at least two of whidnoccasions I obtained frcnr Dr. FUCHS! information. This consisted o.t_anumber of folded sheets of aper containing during one brief glancethat I took on one occasiors mathematical equations which semed to concern mathematical derivations. This data I turned over to, I believe,5A1'.I's successor, J01-IN. _
"I would like to add that SAM was succeeded by a man nsmle$JI-IN shortlyafter I met Dr. HIGHS. I do not believe that I ever tur any infor-
mation over to SAM. -
"On the occasions when I turned over information which I had obtainedfran Dr. FUCFB, the time interval involved was very short; by short Imean a half-hour at the most.
"The exact dates that the information was given to me in New York byDr. FUCHS I cannot accurately saw, eaiccept that they were prombly be-tween April and June or Julqr of 191-ah. In August of 191111 Dr. FUCIBfailed to show up for his schemhled meeting. This was to be in thevicinity of a movie theater near the Eastern Parkway in Brooklyn.He did not show up for the alternate appointment and I had no means _'of telling where he had gone, though he had mentioned that he was dento leave for another location. The only information he had was tinthe thought it was somewhere in Mexico, not New Mexico. JOHN then ob-
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tained the i,.92-nation whereby he was once noz,enab1ed get in _mwdw Hegavemetheaddressofallrs NEIIANN '
in Zambridge, ssachusetts, "who is, I believe, Hr, er, '
I went to see her in Septmber of 1.9M» The family was away on vaca-
1510110 I did see her the second time that I went to Cambrie, which
was inthe fall of 1.91;!» Itoldhar thatIwas afrierxi ofr. I'll;
that I hadnet himin Newfork; that I happened to be passing through;
Boston on business and I Just wondered if she knew where KLAUS was.
I used here the same name that I had used on meeting EAUS, which 1ns'
RAIIEORD. She told me that KLAUS was duo about Christmas time, was
very fond of Hrs, 's children and he had written her that he
would be cclning home about that ti-D90 She did not tell me where he
was except that it was suaewhere out west» So, I left an envelope
containing a name and telephone in Marhattan. This name I thinkmay have contained the first mI or at least a mus with a
'J' and wa.s somewhat similar to UJN phonetic!, This is not the
name. About all that I can say'about it is that it evokes a familiar
sound - a familiar menory ChOI'ds -
am-1; in 1916; JOHN got in touch with me ans said that we had heard
frcn lhu FUCHS¢"'1 §ent up to Cambridge and saw ICLAUS there, He told
me that he was workirg at a place called Los Alamo: in New Mexico, he
said sane distance frcn Santa Fe. He also gave me written information
at that time and we made an arrangement to meet in June of that year in
Santa Fe. This meeting took place in the heme of Mrs, HEIHBii1~IN in
Cambridge, Massachusetts, but she was not present .at the time of our
conversation, The whole meeting'was of very brief duration, Before
I met'Dr, FUCHS on this occasion, I was given a sum of approximately
81.500, as I recall, to offer to Dr, FUCHS, should he need it. I was
told to be very diplomatic about this matter so as not to offend him;
He turned it down cold, He turned down cold even cw tentative oer,
so that when I returned to New York, I gave the money back to JOHN, -along with the information which FUOEB had given me at this time,
"Ihring up vacation in June of 19145; I went to Santa Fe via Albuquerque
and net Dr, FUCHS there. He gave me another set of data and'we agreed
to meet again in late Septeaber of the sane year in Santa Fe, I took
this infomation back with me to New York and gave it to JOHN, Our
conversation there'was extremely brief and even there, as when heworked in New York, he was dubious about the possibilities for any ' '
real and immediate utilization of atanic energ in the form of a weapon.
I do not exactly recall the circumstances under which I turned this _information over to JOHN in New Iorlc, I traveled to Albuquerque on. '
this first meeting via -train to Chicago, then by train to Albuquerque,
andfinallybybustosanta Fe, Ehmetingwith Dr, FUCHSwas on._
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Saturday Then 1 returned em 58-fling to Albuquerque upbus onthe someday. Aslrecall, Isleptinthehal1wsyofaroue-irg house whore those who were unable to obtain hotel accqnodations _ _were bedded. I returned the following dw from Albuquerque to Chicagoand then via Chicago byplene to either Newiorrk orwashingtonanithen by train to Philadelphia. _'.l'his jumbled up method of travel was _necessitated by the traveling conditions at that time. - -
"Here, I would like to make the following statement: All of the expensesinvolvedin anyofthe workthat I didwere paid for byme entirely outof my om funds, Immediately upon my return to New York, I turned overthe information which ITICHS had given me, to JOHN. The next meetingwith nr. more took place in late September 19113? 1 again met him inSenta'1"6T"B.".'s time on the outskirts. He had a car, a rather dilapidatedaffair, which he had borrowed, and we conducted all of our conversationin it. He gave me sane information again. Also, he told me he hadbeen present at the initial l'arge-scale trial of nuclear ssion atAlamogordo in New Mexico, and also described to me the t.renendous'won-dennent that had descendedupon even those who had the most intimateknowledge of the potentialities of the weapon - most especially onthe occasion of the dropping of the bcmb on Hiroshim. It is my bestunderstanding that he was actually present with the group or certainlynear the group that set off the trial bomb at Alamogordo.
"Dr. FUCHS told me also at this time that he would probably return toEngland soon but that by paying a call to his sister I could ascertain 'just when. This statement may not be completely accurate in this sense,since it also seems to-me that he gave a definite time, about Christmasweek of 1.91:5 when he expected to again be in Cambringe.
"In early evening I returned by bus to Albuquerque and got an earlymorning plane from Albuquerque to Kansas City. There, I had to tramferto a train which tookme to Chicago and I went from Chicago by wey'ofNew York Central to New York. Fran New York I went to Philadelphiaand no more than several days later, turned over the information thatDr. FUCIB had given me to JOHN in New York City. To the best of 11¢recollection, it was out beyond Jackson Heights somewhere in Queenswhere I turned this information over to JOHN. _
"Here &@in, I would like to repeat what I previously said, that thisjumbled up method of travel was necessitated by the lack of facilitiesat that time and heavy travel at that time and was not intended as ameansofthrowinganyoneoffmytrails. _.
"'.l'his was the last time that I saw Dr. FUCHS or obtained infcmetioii _..Glh-ill. - "_-
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"I made eitl.one or two attempts to see LE again at the honeof his sister. This effort was not successful in that he was stillin New lleaico. After the possible second attempt which was in eitherlate January or early February, 'l9h6, my scheduled appointment to re-port to'JOHN'did not take place. This was to be at the Earle Theaterinthebronx, Newtork. Ineversa1rorheardrronJ0HIIagain. ' ' I
"In sumary, to the best'of ny recollection, Dr. EUSIE gave me infer-ination on fiveoccasions, Two times in New York in the Spring and -'Sumner of l9ld4, once in Cambridge in very early 19145, probably Jamazyand tides in Santa rt, the first time in June, the second time in lateSeptember, both 19145, On each occasion I subsequently turned this in-formation over to JOHN. It is possible, although I doubt it, that Sillreceived from me the first information which I had obtained from IhuFUc§0 K
"During mgr association with Dr, FUCHS, Q and JOHN, I h1lJ.y realizedthat the information which Dr, FUCHS was supplying me and which I turnedover to SM! or JOHN was for the benefit of the Soviet Union, I alsosurmised that the information concerned the separation of isotopesand the subsequent nuclear fission to release tremendous amounts ofenergy even in the form oi a weapon.
"I began the work tr industrial spying for the Soviet Union in 1936 "with the full. realization of what I was doing, I thought that I wculdbe helping a Nationwhose final aims I approved, along the road toindustrial strength. Particularly, was I taken with the idea thatwhatever I did would go to help make living conditions far more ad-vanced along the road as we know then here in the United States, Toamplify, I felt that the industrial set up of a Nation which had onlyvery recently begun to get any kind oi a basic industry going, was sofar inferior to what existed in other countries, that any-thing thatI could do would be helpful, _
"Sometimes I was struck by doubts, twofold in nature;
"Number one - Especially early in my association from 1936 to l933_it seemed that the information I was turning over ms exceedinglynon-utilitarian but I was always assured that it was well received.
"Second, the one fear that troubled me during the entire time tram '1936 on was the possibility that in the event of exposure my family,-which had no idea, not even the very slightest, of the work "I was .engaging in, would be completely and horribly disgraced. _ '
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"'1'hisaffai.rQewandasI imagineis thecasewith doalizgs ofsncha nature, I got so involved that even had I wanted to, it would havebeen ertrenely difficult to get out. However, I would like to quali-fy this last statement by_ssy-ing, while on several occasions I diddesire to once and for all stop doing this work, that I never once vactually Suggested it to any of the people with whom I worked. Thelongestbreakinallthis timewas thetwoyearperiodwhe:nIwent__ _-to school in Cincinnati, 1938 to l.9h0. . . - . -
"Ry reaction to the work that I did with Dr was twofold innature. On the one hand I felt that as an £, I was only helpingthe Soviet Union obtain information that I thought it was entitledto. I was troubled even by this, but I persistently put any thoughtsout of nw mind and as I have previously said, I was in so deep thatI was, to a certain extent, bewildered and didn't know what to do.Secondly, the realization that I was turning over information toanother power concerning a weapon was so trightening that the onlythinglcoulddowasto shoveitawayas far backinngymindaslcould and simply not think on the matter at all.
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"To amplify somewhat, what I did except during the periods when Iactually had to plan to_ meet Dr. FUCHS or to transmit what he gaveme to JOHN was to simply blot out of my mind as well as I could arythoughts whatever on the subject. I hoped, as nary people do, thatatomic energy would never again be employed as a weapon.
"I would like to state that so far that I succeed in keeping thiswhole matter from my thoughts,'that some of the feelings I have juststated are more or less recent, in the sense that I have only recentlygiven than complete formulation. '
"I would like now to make as absolute a statement as possible concern-ing the following:
"Neither my mother, father nor brother ever had the slightest inklingthat I was ever ergaged in arw work of sucha nature, either industrialespionage or the later affair with Dr. HICI-B. This represented a con-siderable strain to keep concealing from them over so long a period 'but I did succeed by one maneuver or another and as of even this minute,they have not the vaguest idea what went on. The same applies to any-people that I have known; and been in intimate contact with, and haveworked side by side with, and have been close friends 1dth,.over thatperiod of the last 11; years. This particularly applies to people , - 'with when I worked either in industrial laboratories or more recently,in medical research. -
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"The one possible exception to the above is aw former auployer and
a ntancecquai . and while I surmised that he suspectedthat I had given industri _ processes to the Soviet Union, still he _had not the slightest idea of aw work with Dr. FUCHS. .
- ""-I-I-nu|_-_-
"I read the above typewritten statement consistirg or nine pages and _have initialed each page and the corrections thereof imanuch as all ,-my statements therein are true to the best or my knowledge and belief.
I /s/ HARRY com
5-22-50
Philadelphia, Penna. .
ltnessed: -
'1. S. IIILIEI, JR. R1131-L".R.D E. HIENNAN
Special Agent Special Agent,F.B.I. Justice ' FBI, Justice
S-22-50, Phi1a., Pa. '
"In addition to the previous nine pages in this statement, I wish tomake the following additional statements.
"On my final visit to the HE[N'EIJ.'.NH's hone in Cambridge, Massachusetts,I very 'bi'ie.3' net ROBERT HEINEPJIANN. This is the only time that I everBEI hills -
"The entire idea oi the underhanded work required in the industrialand subsequent spying was always very repugnant to me. I always con-sidered nwself as Just a worker in a particular field requiring somedegree of technical slcill and diligence; and I have been most happywhon I was Just left alone in the laboratory to work. I always lookedforward to the time when such actions as I have described in the bahof this statement would no longer be necessary. I even expressed thatto the people with whom I was in contact, and they agreed. This isnot an attempt to shirt axnr oi the blame for my actions away fra: me.
/s/ mam: com '
5-22-SO '
RICHARD E. ELENNAN Philadelphia, Penna.
Specialsigent, FBI, Justice5-22'l'5°, Pa-I
T. S0011 IIILLE, JR. _F.B.I. Justice " _5-22-50, Philo Penn. - --
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_ HAM! GOID was also furnished a receipt for items receivedduring the search of his prendsss. Among the items obtained, these are be-. lieved to be pertinent: J
' 1. Street map of the city of Santa Fe, New Mexico. _
2. Time tables of the Pennsylvania Railroad contain-
ing schedules for Washington, Philadelphia, New Emglani
an! Montreal, dated July 29, l9l+5.
g A statement was also prepared setting forth that GOLD wouldvoluntarily remain with Federal Bureau of Investigation Agents in order tofacilitate his giving them the full story of his participation in espionage.This statement was signed by HARRY GOLD and witnessed by Special Agents T.SCOTT MILLER, JR. arli ROBERT G. JEIBEN. The statement that GOLD signed -isbeing set out in its entirety: - .
. "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
May 22, 1950
"I, HARRY GOLD of 6823 Kindred Street, Philadelphia, 'Pennsylvania,having information that I desire to furnish voluntarilyof av own free will to Special Agents of the Federal Bureau of
Investigation, have asked them to make arrangements to that I canfurnish this infomationto them over a period of time which maytake several days, so that I can remain with them until I havefurnished all the information of mutual interest in my possession.
"I do_ this of aw own free will and no threats or
promises have been made to me.
/s/ mans com
5'22-$0"T. SCOTT KILLER JR. Philadelphia, P8. ASEHEQ :oBsIs"lnlBt1¢G
"ROBERT G. JENSEN' SPWIEI Agent, FBI. Justice" . .'
During the evening of Hay 22, 1950, GOLD's brother, .1! OOIDBPPBared at the office in response to a phone call that mum had made to -F.Ti.'The first thing that HARRY GOLD told his brother in the presence of Special --
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. AgentsRICHAHDE.ElEN1mI,T.SGO'rTlIIILER,JR.andOHmTO.JElBnI3 hewantedhisbrob-tokno|rthathe,HARR!,Iasindividualtovda; HAUS FUCHS gave information on the atomic bomb.
1 _ ._ hiring this same conversation the brother JOSEH kept ssldag . -_IiAHRI1£1tvIeream:l.sts.k:e, endwhether Hiniactuallyknerthe type o£'infor-matien he Ias transmittim. HARRY kept advising his brother that he knew what'_he was cbing and that he was as deep in the matter as anyone could be. JOSEPHOOID asked his brother it there was a possibility of it all being a_ mistake, ofit being scmeone else, or a case of mistaloen identity. H!-RRI GOLD advised hisbrother that although itmight seem like a nightnare to him, there ms no mis-take about it whatsoever, and that he was deeuateay guilty of committirg the ' . acts which he had described to his brother.
HARRY. GOLD advised his brother that he had vo11.1nta.rily cementedto renain with the Agents of this office until the complete story could be told =. by him concerning his associations. He told his brother that he was in no newbeing mistreated and that his brother should not worry about the nay he would betreated while rmnaining with the Agents er the Federal Bureau of Investigation. -_He also told his brother that ho was not arrested or in custody but was voluntarilyrmainirg. -=
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Y LD has advised that in September 191:1: he went to the resil-dence oi mmT mm sister of KLAUS FUCHS!, at 11411 Lake View Ave:-me,f:Cambridge, Massachusetts.
i' lire JOSEPH T. RIAN of the Payroll Department, Hiiladolphia Divl-.'~sion; PENTBYLVA ' , Delaware Avenue and Shackamaxon Street, PhiladsE-phia vania' made available the payroll records for HARRY GOLD for _we _;e"mfns fr , 19141;. Hr. am: advised that these records reflected that comreceived an extra week's pay in advance :tor'a vacation for the following week. 3¢- The record for the week ending Septenber 10, 191d; disclosed that the amount of _pay for that week ms crosed out, indicatirg that GOLD was not paid for that 'period. Er. RYAN interpreted this record to show that GOLD tool: his vacation _beginning September h, 19111: for one week. - '
- - mum: ooze said that in September 1915 he went to Santa Fe, Newllexlco, where he met KLAUS FU, and that he traveled via Chicago, Illinois and '_Albuquerque, New Mexico. "
I n I 1'-1- llr. mm nssst, Assistant Auditor Palmer House Hotel, Chicago 5;Illinois, irrrlshed Palmer House Registration Gard #7676 dated Septanber 16 19115,which was prepared in the name of I-L'LRRl' GOLD, 6523 Kindred Street, Phslladelphis. _.-'1'he registration card indi " oated com was a representative er the firm mm am __iLEIBFRT. The card discloses residence at the Palmer House Hotel on September 16, , l9hStoS_Bptemberl7,l9l5. _ *---' 5
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. A Hr. COB! BRIE!-IN, "Assistant Ha-nar, Hilton Hotel, Albuquerque,New Mexico, htrnished Guest Registration Card 8783 for the Hilton Hotel,Albuquerque, New Mexico. Ihis card is dated September 19, 191.5, and bore thename of HARRY GOLD, 5032 Bouiinot Street, Philadelphia 21, This re istrstion- 8 card disclosed that GOID was associated with A.B.A. LARDRAIORIES. HARR! GOLDwas assigned Room $21. "
The FBI Laboratory at Washington, D. 0. came to the conclusionthat the name HARRY GOLD ani addreses appearing on guest Registration H8783.at the Hilton Hotel, Albuquerque, New Mexico, and the guest Registration Card#7678 or the Palmer House, Chicago, Illinois, were written by HARRY GOID ineach instance, whose known handwriting has previously been submitted to theFBI Laboratory. r ,
' Hr. Josarn 1'. arm, Payroll Department, Philadelphia Division,PEIDISYLVANIA SIBAR COMPANY, advised that an entry on P e 21 of a 1 _ ag can registermaintained by the PENIBYLVANIA SIB-AR COMPANY, reflected the following: Anentry on this register on Septe , indicated that $10.00 in cashwas taken from HARRY GOID's vacation pay of September 17, 191.5. This amountwas do itedpoe in the PENNSYLVANIA ALCDEDL AND CHEMICAL CORPORATION a subsidiaryof the PENNSILVANIA SIDAR COMPANY!, on September 21, l9l+5.
C. FROSECUTIVE ACTION
On Hay 23, 1950, a complaint was sworn to by Special Agent JJHN H.CXJLLIIB of the Federal Bureau of Investigationlbefore MARTIN C. EPSTEIN, UnitedStates Commissioner, Eastern District of New York, charging that from on or aboutJanuary 1, 191.1. am! continuing to the date of the complaint, HARRY GOLD an!"JJHN" DOE conspired solo the lng mse ves and with other persons unknown, to violateSubsection A, Title 32, Title 50, United States Code in that HARRY GOID would obtain from mm, _-n_t.;._gg mm ggcas, documents, etc..relating to the nationaldefense with n ani reason to lieve that it was to be used to the injuryof the United States and to the advantage of a foreign nation, the U.S.S.R.,and that GOLD would deliver, etc. the documents etc. to "JJHN" DOE92 , , a representa- tive otticer, agent, and employee of the U S S R aml to. . . ., other persons unknown, who were not entitled to receive the document ts, e c. In pursuance of the con- spiracy, HARRY GOID ard "JOHN" DOE met in September, -191,5 and conferred togethergnrthe vicinity of Jackson Heights, Long Island in the Eastern District oi New o .
' Onlla 23 1950 hri heldber Unitedstte i-notJmseJmEsP.HcGm}J;ER!, ,aea ngwas ore asnstri, Eastern District or Pennsylvania, sitting at Philsdolphi
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Federal Judge HGRANEH! advised subjectof his Oonstitutional rights and statedhe was entitled to benefit of counsel and pemitted HARRY GOLD to read a copy ofthe complaint filed against him in the Eastern District of New York. FederalJudge I-IcGR.ANEH!_ also asked him if he;-were the HARRY GOLD named therein. HARE!GOLD stated; "I am the HARRY GOLD named in the complaint". Thereupon JlligoHcGR.;Nl! asked him 1: he wanted to waive removal to the Eastern District ofNew Orke
. In response to this question, HARRY GOLD said "I have voluntarilyundergone questioning for a period of over a week now, and in that period I havenot asked for an attorney. I would waive removal and go to New York but I thinkI would like to see an attorney first to ask him a few things before I go. Ithink now I will get in touch with my brother and have him see an attorney thatI can consult before geirg to New Yqrk".
_ Jlxige MQRANEIH informed him that this was satisfactory and fixedthe date of the hearing for Monday, June 12, 1950. Judge MoGRANERY also toldGOLD that if, in the interim, he wanted to waive the hearing, it would besatisfactory for the attorney to get -in touch with Judge HcGR.-WERY. At thistime bail was set in the amount of $100,000.00 and GOIJJ was remanded to thecustody of the United States Marshal in default of bail. Subsequent to the settingof bail, GOLD requestedpemission to call his brother and this permission was =_granted by Judge DRQRANERY. _
After the callhad been completed to his brother, HARRY G011! wasremoved by the United States Marshal and placed in the Moyamensing Prison.GOLD was later removed from the Hoyamensing County Prison because of crowdedcondi.tions and placed by the prison authorities in the Holnesburg County Prison.
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- ' H ' v. onmn ssvrcmca ACTIVITIES
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1. HARRY GOLD'3 VERSION ' ' ' '
HARRIGOID advised that he had become involved in espionage acti-vities as a result of making inquiries concerning the Communist Party during the .summer of 1936- HARRY GOLD said that he had made several inquiries at different
places concerning the Communist Party. In the fall of 1936 he said he was visitedby a man who called himself PAUL SMITH. GOLD said that as a result oi this meetingwith SMITH, there began a m ut espionage during his employment atPENNSYLVANIA SIBAQR until 1938. Du-ing the years 1938 to June, 1914-0, GOLD has ad-vised he attended Xavier University at Cincinnati, Ohio and was not active insecuring industrial espionage material. However, he has stated that upon his re-turn to PENBSYLVANIA SIDAR in 191.0, he was contacted by noon some ani once againfurnished information oi an industrial espionage nature. """'-""""""" _
- 2. GJRROMRATIVE EVIDENCE
On the evening of May 22, 1950, HARRY GOLD told his brother,JOSEPH GOID, that he had been securing industrial espionage material and passing!t"'6"n"¬o"""vario1.92s Soviet contacts since the fall of 1936. This admission was madein the presence of Special Agents T. SCOTT I-IILIER, JR., RICHARD E. BRENNAN andROBERT G. JEIBEN.
B. UNKBUIIN AMERICAN NUMBER 1 '- SYRACUSE, N.Y., SUMMER 19142 TO
SIBLY WI
GOLD advised that he met this man on two occasions, the first timein the summer of 191,2, the other time possibly in the winter of 1916. Both ofthese meetings happened in Syracuse, New York.
' The following description oi this individual was furnished byHARRY G010:
27 or 28 at time of contact in 1942!
5150 or 5070:
M5 lbs! I _
Blonds, somewhat wavy
Light brown or gray
Light -
Wedge shaped -
Carriage erect; dress ordina:-y;'did notwear hat at either of these_meeting_s;.'- wore silver-rimmed glasses w_ith__£a:ir1y[
but not unusually large lenses; -R51- itAge :
Height :
Weight :
Hair:
Eyes :
Complexion:
Nose :
Characteristics:
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Believed" to work for Grouse-Hines, a
Syracuse, NJ.
C. UNHIUINAIIERIOAHHIBIBERZ IN ROCHESTERANDBUFFAIO HY.
_ '_ ti We '7' I h '1" 7 h ' - & -~ mm m%r 19h2 ' "
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In connection with this individual, com advised that he met ~ this man once in Rochester and probably once in Buffalo, 14.1., in late19141 or early l9l&2. -
__/ . as follows:
Age :
Height :
Weight: _
HB11':'
Eyes: -
Characteristics :
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Occupation:The description of this individual as hlrnished by GOLD is
36 to 36 In 19111!
5'10" to Slll"
165 lbs.
Light Brown
Brown '
Dark eyebrows; a fairly wide, but not
exceptionally so, mouth; thin face;
genes-ally lanky or bony plwsical
structure; once were a cloth, zipper
jacket to meeting
Believed to be chemist or engineer
working at Eastman-Kodak, Rochester.
n. _g_mmo1m mma1cinL1~§@_m3l - Burrito, .;_,_, smama or #131:
The description of this man as furnished by HARRY GOLD isextremely skvetctxy. His only impression of this man, whom he met verybriefly, was that he was of exceptional height and weight and thathe was well over six feet. GOLD also said that he believed this man
to be about 35 years of age in 19h2 and he did not have much hair.
BOLD also advised that his only meeting with this individual occurred
in Buffalo, ILL
1:. AQERIGAN mmu; gum smcuss on nun-mo mi. IN 19'i»2 Tl _ I lllii __ y ___ | 7___ pin-I _J*_'Il-IJ O
The description of this individual as fumished by HARRY GOIII__ -is as. follpwss ~ "
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.. Age: .. .. About 1:0 In 19112! -.. Height: 5'11". Weight: 170 lbs.
Hair: Dark -
E188: DarkCharacteristics: Clean shaven but heavy beard, large.
nose, dresses in dark clothes -Nationality: Possibly Italian.
The infonnation relative to the abowe 11-.-we for unknownAmerican contacts was Iumished to Special Agents T. SCOTT MILLER, JR.and RICHARD E. BRENNAN.
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During the initial interviews oi HARRY GOLD on lav 15 ,l9,21,1950, he told this version oi his dealings with ABRAHAM BROTHMAN.
g was as a res of his co ac th .1A_Q_Q_GOLD said at this time BROTI-IH.'LH was operating thcal Hac and doing work with and for t Hendr c§il'actu'i'I'n'g Company
GOLD stated that BROTHMAN left the Hendrick liaxmfactm-ingCompany in approximately July of 19142 He also said that sometimeduring the period that BROTI-mm»! was employed by Hendrick, in perhaps19141 or 191:2, BRO'II-MAN wanted GOLD to collaborate with him on writings. book. BROTHMAN was to be the author of this book ani GOLD was towrite the chemical end oi it GOLD added that this book was neverwritten and that no attempt was ever made to write it.
GOLD stated that BROTHMAN left the Hendrick Ll acturingCompany in about the middle of 19112 and went with fEIR Wmm in anorganization known as Chemurgy Design Corporation, New ork City. GOLDadvised that the individuals c ected wit his organi ion were. mum, so mmmn s,¬:saz, G LM, os%a.92co,_mg,_-LRISH and oscrmm. so advise 1; z enema fs salary atC'Eenmr'gy was s sed to be $200.00 a week. He said later thatBROTHMAN told him he had received only a hundred dollars s week insalary while at Chemurgy. GOLD advised that BROTHMAN was always a -little broke as far as finances were concerned and could never betezwuédihat is called "a big money man." 'H d he first met Assam: snowman in 19140 when anommt - _was with t ick llanufacturin Com in New ork City. He saidhis meetin wiBh"'BR_ U113.-[N £5GO . -
i k11%Han " . _
GOLD stated that BROTHMAN, while with Chemurgy Desigx, wasdoing work for a Virginia distilling company at one time. GOLD wasunable to recall the name of this firm. He said that he brought backsome informtion on this distillery from New York and ran some experimentsin his laboratory at Pennsylvania Sugar relative to using a certainprocess in the distillery. He added that among" other jobs he did forBRO'1HlJAH, while BROTHMAN was at Chemurg Design, were two Jobs on - -'a nickel recovering process which dealt with the cleaning away of sludge-and then clearing the nickel. GOLD advised that he would take this -_work and perform the experiments in the laboratory oi the PennsylvaniaSugar Company. GOLD said another Job he did for HROIIMAN was one for --
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' GOID said that in-Ipprnzimitely May or June of 191:1: whileBRCHDEAH was still associated with Chemurgy Design, BROTFMAH opened "' 1a small laboratory of his om on 32nd Street, near Park or Fourth Avenue; jin New York City. He said that this laboratory had very little cquipnantin it and was for the use of BRO'1'I-B-{AN in conducting experiments. GOID ~said that he was in this laboratory on one occasion and that subsequentlywhen BRO1"iM1N left Chsnmrgy and formed his now ccxnparw, this new companytook over the qaace occupied by BRO'IHM?.N's small laboratory and utilized' it as their temporary headquarters. This new organization that BROTHHANfamed was lcnown as asaaggg BQI'1£,4' Algmg. GOLD advised that' enemas, vaco and KORCHEIN decided, in Jlugust 19hh when treytaverns-¢o1EEe{1mmtTi.s sim Corporation, to form anorganimtion oi their own which became known as ABRM!LI.~! BID'1'1-MAN A$SOCIAI'E$.
Subsequent to the period that BRO'I'H1£.1N began rtnning hisown organization and before GOLD was employed by him sometime in theSummer oi 191:5, COLD advised that he did some work fer BROTI-IHAN ona urea formaldehyde glue, which GOLD described as a cold process glue.This again was one oi the processes which GOLD worked on in the 'laboratory in Philadelphia after receiving the material from HROTI-IRANin New York. GOLD also said that sometime prior to this, he hadbrought a hand refractometer from the Pennsylvania Sugar CompanyLaboratories at Philadelphia to B1'i0'lH'tiA.r¬' s laboratory in New York.
GOLD said that most of his trips from Philadelphia to NewYork to see BROTHHAN were to pick up material which GOLD would then takebahk with trim to Philadelphia and work on in the company laboratory.
Concerning the work done by .".BRAH.'.Ii BROTH!.£A.N ASSOCIATES andthe contracts held by them, a process of hot setting glue was one ofthe few contracts held by ABRAHAM BROTIIMAN ASSOCIATES at the time orits formation. said that the work on this particular processwas done for t on Aeronautical Affairs. He saidthe individual contact vri h BROTIJAII who were associated wit theChinese Gmmis 1s on were C. §£E$N, a Business Manager, and Y. ,a Chemical Engineer. Other ceases handled by ABRAHAM BROTASSOSIHES ani on which GOLD had worked was one on the removal of water -from methyl metaculate and monomer. This was in connection with the "work being done for the Chinese Commission and dealt with theof plexiglass. " "
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BROTHIAI in 191:6, he mde frequent trips to New York to see BROIHLIAR. 'Tid that most of these trips were made either on Sundays or " 3
during the evenings if he were not too tired. GOLD said that on only '
one of these occasions did he see BROTFMAN at the lattcr's office on
32nd Street.. He also advised that many times between the time that
BROTIMAH worked at Hendrick Manufacturing Company and up until May ' 'of 19b6, BROIHHAN tried to persuade com to come in jwith BROTHMAH. -
GOLD said that he thought his position 1|ith.Pamsylvania Sugar was
seolre and further that he did not desire to live away from his family
in Philadelphia. Homever, GOLD said that the Pennsylvania Sugar Companycurtailed some of its business and started discharging employees inJanuary of 191:6. He said that he was among the number who were discharged' at that time. -
_GOLD advised that he was interviewed for a job at the NavyYard in Philadelphia. However, he said that he heard nothing immediately
_ from this interview and, accordingly, went to see BROTHMAN in New York
in Hay of 19746. At this time BROTHMAH hired GOLD and GOLD became his
Chief Chemist at a. salary of $200.00 per week.
GOLD said that he ceased working with BROIIHMAN as his Chief -
Chemist at BRO'1'i-ii1N's laboratory at Elmhu.rst, long Island, on approx-imately Jhne 2, 19143. He said that among his reasons for leaving wasthe fact that his mother had died in Philadelphia the previous September
and his aged father and brother, JOSEPH, were left alone in the familyhome. GOLD advised that for a period of almost one year prior to his
resignation he had received no salary from BROITOJAIJ. He said that the
other employees there had not received salaries either.
GOLD said that BROTI-11551! owes him approximately $h,OO0.00 inback pay but tint he had more-' oi -loss abandoned all hope of ever gettingit. He said at this point that BROTI+II~..I~I had cost him all his money and _his mother. Several times during the interview, GOLD expressed admiration
for BRUI'HMAN's ability in his field and described him as brilliant.
'1he infomntion previously set forth was furnished by HARRYGOLD prior to his confession on may 22, 1950. After his confession,
HARRY GOLD advised that the story of his dealings with BROTI-MAN was
partly fact and somewhat embellished by fiction. -
on Hay 22, 1950, HARRY com furnished the following information
concerning his dealings a.nd associations with ABRAHAM BROTHHAN. He saidthat he had first met ABRAI-L'LH BROTI-IIMN late in 19110. GOLD advised that .he had told BROTHLULN he had been sent by JACOB GOLOS for the purpose -_-
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g-- or obtaining chemical processes from BROI'HM.92N for delivery to
._ eoms. GOLD said that on the origma with enemas: he --_' used the Iictitiousnam FRANK IESSLER or sane other name.
. GOLD also advised that on one occasion, BRO1I-IMAN asked him
if he would make an appropriate contact for BROPIMAN to see if some -Russian mrk could not be thrown his way. GOLD specied, however,that BROTHHAH meant legitimate work, such as being a consulting ~engineer tor a Russian organization, and receiving a legitimate feefor the work. ' '
GOLD also advised that he and BROT}li-WI had very little
_ conversation about JACOB GOLOS. He also "said that he believed that on
' only two occasions mr any material to GOLOS which he had
received from BROII-1l!A!~I and that -in both instances they were BROTHMAN's
own designs and not chemical processes. GOLD also said that on several
occasions, after receiving material from for delivery toGOIDS, he GJLD! looked at the material and decided it was useless sohe tore it up.
GOLD said that prior to Hay 19h6, when he became employedby BROTI-MAN, he had visited BROTH!i'h92I's home in Queens on at least -
one occasion and possibly a couple of more times. He also said that_; he had mat Hrs. BP.O'1IDF_-1N and referred to her as MAOHI. GOLD also
T _,_ j said that after Hay 191:6 he had lived at the BROTI-IMILN home in Queens' for at least a couple oi weeks and several times had visited the BROTHMN
Smmor 1101119 in Peelisld-11, N.Y. GOLD also advised that it was his definiteimpression that BROTHHAN was "peanuts" as far as his importance in beinga contact was concerned. He stated that BROTPIHAN, in his impression, wasan opportunist who was using GOLD and any contacts which GOLD might havehad for the furtherance of BROTHIiA.'wI's personal aims and gains, particularlyin seeming contract work for himself. GOLD also advised that he believedBROTPIMAN was the only one of all his associates who probably had an ideathat he GOLD! was a Soviet agent.
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On intervieron May J5, 1950, GOLD told the inter-vieII:l.QAgents that he had never done any research on ataaic energ work but'thathe had written an article relating to the thermal diffusion of gases, whichwas entitled "Thermal ItLfiusion - A Prospectus." IDLD stated that it Ilsa.the dream of all scientists to perfect a means of r 'ecovering valuable products rm waste material, such as the gases that escape in a smokestack,and that he, lce many other chanistsand scientists, dreamed oi perfectirga rocedur tp e c recover these products. GOID volunteered to brirg a copy ofhis article in and turn it over to the interviewilg Agents on the next dayof interview.
On May 19, 1950, GOLD voluntarily turned over a copy or hisarticle entitled "Thermal Difzsion A Prospectus " t S ci 1 - , o pe e Agents. RICHARD E. BRENNAN and T. SCOTT I-ELLER, JR. This was a six-pagetypewrittenarticle. GOLD stated that having once had this prospectus typed, he had ' -several photostatic copies of thesane prepared at the Franklin Institute, of which he was a member. __
' Mr. rnm, .m., Controller of the Franklin .Institute, checloed his ph ostatic invoices £or the period or August 19145 t . o October l9h6, but could find no record during that period of GOLD havinghis themal diffusion prospectus photostated. However, during this periodit was ascertained that GOLD on three different occasions had ordered photo-statie prints of the following articles: '
9 .-.Order No. 632, which was dated March 19, l9h6 and carried InvoiceNo B595-39. , reflecting that GOLD had photostats made from thefollowing articles:
Volume S7, Page 661 of the book entitled "Physical Review."This article was carried under the caption, "Letters to'theEditor" by S. PHILLIPS, Frankel University oi Rochester,Rochester, New York, and was dated February lb, l9hO. Thetitle oi this letter was "Elllentary Derivation of ThermalDihsion."_ 0
Volume 61, Page726 of "Physical Review." This was carriedunder the caption "Abstracts" and contained six articles. -
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. 1. Ultra-violet Ibaorption Spectra of Some Sugars.- 2, Photographic Effect of Zinc.' 3., The Infra-Red Absorption of Silver Cyanide." la. Space Group and Lead Positions in Lead sluconate.5. Thermal Difmsion Tube for Liquids. -6, An Interpretation of Wave llechanics. "
From the Journal or Chemical Physics, he had the £011O'I1n.g articlesphotostated:
Volume 7, Page S3Oh53S, This was an article entitled "ASimple Theory for Separation or Gases by Thermal Diffusion,"by L. J. GILLFSPIE. .
Volume B, Pages 965-969, This was an article entitled"Effect of Gravitational Field on the Thermal SeparationMethod" by PILTOH FARBER and W. F. LIBBI.
Volume 12, Page 3119. Two articles appeared on this page under -the caption "Letters to the Editor." "
1. _ Dcplorization of Ramen Linc-s" by GEORGE BLOCERJOHN F. mm and cums c. PATTFRSON. ,-2. "Thermal Diffusion in Liquids" by novaan cam.
737 dated February 27, 19:46 carried Invoice No. B105-hh.articles were photostated for GOLD: -Order No.
following
Volume SS, Pages 1063-1095 of "Physical Review." This wasan article captioned; "On the Theory of Isotope Separationby Thermal Diffusion" by W. H. FURRY, R. CLARK JONES andL. OIBAGER,The
Volume B, Pages 3143-81414 of the "Journal of Chemical Physics."This was an article entitled, "A Confirmation of the Theoryof Thermal Diffusion" by '1'. I. TAYLOR and GEORGE GI.OCKER-
Volume 9, Pages 370-371; and Pages 690-692 of the "Journal ofChemical Pmrsies," Pages 370-3711 was an article entitled"Thermal Diffusion in Ternary Liquid Fixtures, ParticularlyAqueous Solutions Containing Ferrous Chloride," by L. J.GILLBPIE and S.'£"UEL BRFCK. Pages 690-692 was an articleentitled "Tho Production of Concentrated Carbon 3! byThermal Diffusion," by ALFRFD O. NIFR and JOHN BAHDHIH.
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Order Ho. 552 dated Septauber 9, 191:6 carried In-voice Ho. B191:-ll»This was a request for articles which appeared in the Journal en-titled "Petroleum." These articles were found in the July 1L9|4h 'issue on Pages 113-1.1.5. The article found on Page 113-was entitled -"Troubles Caused by Leaded Fhels" by I-I. H. STUARD. On Pages 111;-JJS 'was round the article "Practical Examination of Lubricating Greases » -Yfor Stability" by u. w. mam.
Order Ne. BS3, dated Novaaber 20, 1.9146, carried Invoice No. B200-16.This was a request for one copy of an article which appeared'in the"Journal of General Chaniatry - USSR" and found in Volume 10, Pages927-931.. This article was written in Russian, but numerous chemicalformulas were set out in connection with the article.
Another request was made by GOLD on July 18, 1919 for anarticle me: appeared in Volume 26, Section E, Nmnber 6, which was the Decen-ber 19hB issue of the "Canadian Journal oi Research." This article appearedon Pages 295'-296 and was entitled "The Use of Polyvinyl Alcohol in theColorimetric'Detemination ofllagnesitnn in Plasma or Serum by Means ofTitan Yellow," by F. C. HEAGI. "
Investigation at Franklin Institute was conducted bySAsJAl£E$ J. MIDDLETON and ALBERT L. PIERCE on May 25, and 26, 1950.
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_ Weight: .
Complexion:
Facial Features :
Nationality:
Characteristics :
Dress and Personal
Appearance: -
Marital Status:
Places of Meeting:
Complexion:' ' '-»_ _='~,.
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The following information is that received from HARRY GOLD ifrelative to contacts he made in which he passed information to his superiors.The following listed people ami their descriptions-are those that GOLD furnished:
PAUL SMITH '
§Firat contact 12$]
PAUL SETH
5180 qr 50970
165 lbs.
Light, silver blonie -
Very fair
Light
Fairly broad face, regular straight
nose, square chin ani very light
eyebrows-
Stoclqr, broad shoulders -
Possibility he was a Dane as there was
some mention of life in Denmark.
Extreme]; pleasant manner and a pleasing
personality, without appearing obvious
about it.
Handa almost beautiful in that they
are well kept and manicured; clothing
was neatGOLD received impression PAUL was
married but wife not here.
About two meetings in Philadelphia,
the remainder in New Yonk-
GOID not sure of first name!
Height: '
509" _About 35 in 1936 or 1937 . -
Straggly, not too well combed", -_ =
light brown _ J
Pasty, usually needed shave, a blomlish
beam. -' '"
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~ -- Eyes: "
. Characteristics:
Facial Characteristics :
Nationality:Light - "
Shambling walk: froisy lookA wide mouth - ;
This contact had s Russian accent,
Date of Contact - 1228] .
About 1,0 in 1938
57].," to 5I6fI
J40 lbs.
Dark '
Dark
Jowls sag; wore a black mustache;
had a large nose
Swarthy _- Stocky .
This contact had a Russian accent;
JACOB GOIDS
§Contact made in ii 1250] . '
hm t 1 mm com has advised that coma me his 1 8.1 contact within: by e ephono, advising that he was a frieni of FRED . Detailedormstion concerning GOID8 is not being set out as his dea h was confirmed inNOV6mbe1', 'Ase:
Height:
Weight : ~
- Hair:
Eros :
Facial Characteristics:
Complexion:
Build :
Nationality:
an - i
Date of Contact late 191.0 to late 1953 or earg 19551 ~' "
33 to 3!» in 191+-1
5'5" to 5'7"
11:5 lbs. s. Small ani slight
Light brown an! sparse
Swartlw - '.
Brown, appearedtobenmrlqor .bloodshot " ='Age : "
Height :
Height :
Build :
Hair:
_ Complenclon:
. Eyes:
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Teeth:
Dress:Not quite straight when min; rm
front.
Yellow, probably Iran oig'erettos._Usually wore tan gabeniine suitsy some-times dressed sloppily. _Occupation: Mechanical engineerResidence: Believed to be in Upper ManhattanMarital Status: Either not married or wife not with- _ him as SAM gave impression he lived' in bachelor type apartments.
In connection with this individual, GOLD has tentative];him HARRYas being identical with SEEN SEIENOV, .
!'igidentified
- _ mm '.
§Period of Contact was 19% and 1252] V
Age: 35Height: 5'10" '
Weight: 180 I:-O 135 lbs.Build: Medium, broad shoulderedHair: Dark, atr ht, well cut. Combed so aisthat part of it was straight back.Eyes: Dark
Teeth:White and regularDress : -American style clothing with a hatsimilar to a Homburg, but may havebeen snap brim with brim turned up. 'Russian, perhaps of Georgian extraction-Walk described as mincing, but not
effeminate.Marital Status:_ GOLD's impression is that he was
married and his wife was in the .United States with him.. Nationality:
Peeultarities :
GOLD has tentatively identified JOHN as being identical with ANATOLI A. YAKUVIEV. ' -' - ' '
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' eotn has advised that beginning with gyz, who was his uinitial contact in espionage matters, the following prescribg pattern wastoJJ.owed in all his contacts with his espionage superiors:
He advised that a_date, time, an! place oi meeting would beestablished and in addition to this original meeting, a place for an alternatemeeting was also arranged. GOID has advised that the place of the alternatemeeting was always different from the original planned meeting. He has said that plans fora subsequent meeting would be] arranged at the specific time that he met his superior.
GOLD has advised that_ in connection with planning the alternatemeetings, the usual arrangements were that 'there was never more than a second alternate meeting arranged. All these meetings have been arranged, accordingto GOLD, only from one meeting to the next. He has indicated that the purposeof the alternate meetings was to permit a contact should the first arrangedmeeting not be kept. -
CLAIM OF BUN-PAYMEIH . . -Lg
GOID has consistently denied ever having received any payment for arw of the trips he has made in tcon inuance of his espionage activities. He has indicated that money had been offered to him, but he refused to accept same.
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The purpose of the interview with HARRY GOLD was, of course,to determine if he were identical with the unknown American contact of Dr. KIAUSFUCQ while the latter was working in this country on atanic research, I5 addi-on to a physical description of this contact, the Agents had certain other in-formation relative to this unknown contact, Therefore, prior to talking withGOLD, the Agents felt that the initial interview with GOLD should be aimed ateliciting from him facts concerning his past activities, which would either be a denialor an admission relative to these known facts, The facts concerningthis unknovm contact are as follows: .
!Met FUCIB in Boston and also ms seen by FUCHS sister and 'brother-in-law, the I-£EI192E.£A.Ns. .
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!He had mentioned B0 the HEINEEANB that he had been in B11-ffala '
Met FUCEB on two occasions in Santa Fe.
Met FUCHS in New York,
was apparently well acquainted with :=-=. =- =*= I-I -: _ d hadknowledge of E1OTI1'HAN's trouble at -TION and the fact that EROTHIJAN apparntly had been cheated byE1-Tpartners.
Knowledge that ECYHOIAN was working on an aerosol bomb andsDD1 process.
Apparently was interested in forming a laboratory of his own.!
!
!Was to do some work or had done work on a process of thermaldiffusion of gases,
~ There were,'of course, certain known facts about the indhridual.which needed no
…[truncated]