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SU'BJE'i;T W ___._.__.
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IWRIGHT PATMAN
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lalnnelnnrng...._..........:._._..:._'.....-........... llnugrzss at ti]: Gnitcb tatzs .......................
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Honorable J . Edgar Hoover
Director
' Federal Bureau of Investigation
Department of Justice
Washington, D. C. 20530inns: at Bap:-mutahzs
.... Iasbiamnn. ac. 197C!
February 2, 1968
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i Dear Hr . Hoover:
2 The enclosed letter and news clippings are forwarded to . .-=
I. J you for appropriate comments
M
. With kindest regards, I am E
PA;Sincerely yours, _
/QW1 '
i ght Pstman
769 we b
REGZZJ:-_ -'- 7'5.
13 FEE I 1353
_§E1<cLo-.-.-;.1= _ - 4/$5
TRUE CUPY
Dear Sir I
Our rst step in trying to cure some of the ills in the U. S. A.
would be to start at the top it seems to me
wuum 11; oe possxme zor you to send proof that these clippings
not true are ? Thank you
Yours truly I
CZ.!;?¢»
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lotl; lug Hack .! and Thuzgoo Marshall Ir.! were appointedto the 0.3. Supreme Caur: deapite documented participation in cm-1 h 1 alwv that 81!: nae involv-luniet trance. Cong:-enicna ea: up
in Alabama hart operation organize
' Juatice llati. nan-i1
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tel: in 1926. Thurgood vaagenre on payroll of Letnen-dominated
elao ehwed many eununiatlided with a "cutanunilt trnnamilaion belt" knwn ea the outhern Con-
he i ferauce for Human Welfare. Thia ltd uuttit wee act 11y e Le au-
d later awed to Louisiana.
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On me one hendtbe LB]Admin.is-
cation is subsidizing Dr. Benjamin
Spock lefl:!,end On the Othefhand
'lt'| :1-yin; no put him in jail.
This photograph is from an ai-
liclnl report wf the Department at
I-leelth, Education and Weliere en-
d?.I?é'£=-|phnu Fiuoridatinn. The
expensive bulletin, plid for by tu-
peyen, picture: oppone nu oi uori-
dation es e bunch of Butt; it carols.
and salutes Spec It es a Keeper oi.
the th.
plcnu-e at right is of Wilbur
. ohen, Under Secretary oi the
pi:-iznent end e Spock booster.
It ergues that he has I right to
meat In be!-allot cummunism but
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at e lieutenant eotnmendet in le
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REQ22
w ,'_,.,._4r'- '. -
Honorable Wright Pltman
m oi Representatives
Wslhiniton, D. C. 20616
My don Congressman:
' I have received your letter of February indwith enclosures. '
Inresponsotoyom-requunwhilelwouild
liken:-ymuontobooiassistanooinsuweringthninquiry-inim-mntioninouriilosmustbsnllntainsd
uoontidentialpurnnmtoregohonsdthonoprunntoiJustice. lropetlamunnbletotm-nishtheini'owml.tionyouL Qdosire, and lam herewith returningths mam-isl you made 7
available.
.
Ii!Sincerely yours,mun an I. Edgar Hows: K
i >7 1968
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NOTIE: Bu'£__I__J_.es show we have maintained cordial relations with Congressman
Patman for many years. Inst outgoing, 7-3-6'7, expressed Director's co
th s e. in deaih of e wit in Bule
Enclosures
Marshall and
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'O!'l.e 1'0!!! Us ULIPK '
Attorney General ' F-
-U. S. Department of Justice
Uashi-nion 25, D. C.
Dear Mr. Clark:
- You will remember that sometime ago, "I
to bring to yourqoersonall attention matters '
silent liegroes in oonneétion with the Departpi Justice. The I_e__d_e§il Bureau of Inyestig
done e. good job on-peonsge in the South. Vi
exception of peonsge the record of the F.B.investigating cases involving Negroes has be
one--sided. The inability of the F.B.I. to 1
any members oi the lynch mob in the Monroe,
lynchings is the latest example of this. In
turbance at Columbia, Tennessee, on February
26th of this year, it is reported that F.B.I
wereeent in almost i.II7.ii19i.iT;G1Y,iI1i'1._iié?é sup
havelmade-e thorough and complete investigatthe-y=vere unable to produce -the name of .n si
dividusl responsible for the-sets -oi violenc
destruction of the property of the Negroes i
tom.
- In the past the N.A.A.C.P._ and other otions have used inexperienced investigators
usually been eble to prodnoe the -names of th
pi the mobs. In the recent Minden, Louisien;ingg, the President of our New Orleans Branch
no experience as an investigator, was able t»
the names of member of that nob. In the be-
Issac Woodird by Officer Snell, in Bltesbllrg
we were able to produce eyewitnesses and the
the police officer. -_
The 7.8.1. _hss_esteblished for its_el:lJs.fparable record for ferret 2 out persons 716, E " " , . J; t"""".£'|. _' @'PIl8 . - l 1" 4 / 4 -sormrfmw ./
'0
.-Hon. Tom C. Clark December 2?, 191,
our federal laws. This great record extends from the pros
Qillfl AP Cllelnail elelgl Qnel 4-l|9292;d-Qee-_- -4.L_ --. L-|-__Qj !__ A.we-vee V-L I-I-ensue-aw By:-ID I-J-lu IIIUUUII-I-J-D, II-ID l! _EI'I.LIlIG. LI], En
methods of evading identificetion_and arrest, to nondescri
hoodlums who steal chea automobiles and drive them acrossstate lines. On the other hand, the F.B.I. has been unabl
identify or bring to trial persons charged Iith violations
afadaral statutes ihere iiegroes are the victims. Such a re
demonstrates the uneven administration of federal criminal
statutes, which should not be tolerated.
_ g You have called for a strengthening of the Federal Ci
Rights Statutes, yet, I am sure it is apparent that there
be very little use to strengthen these Civil Rights Statut
if the F.B.I. continues its policy of being unable to prod
the names of persons guilty of such crimes.
You will remember that Section £9 of Title 8 provides
you and other officials of the Federal Government are specrequiredl at the expense of the United_States, "to instituprosecut on against all persons violating any of the proviof Qhapter 3 of Title l8 === and to cause such persons to
arrested and imprisoned, or bailed, for trial before the Ciof ,the United States or the territorial court having cogni
oi the offense." This statute places an additional bur en
you and other law enforcement officials of the Federal Gov
mat over and amve other duties included in the oath of c:
For this reason, I believe that you, as Attorney General oz
United States, have the clear duty and responsibility of maa complete investigation of one of your degartments, namelj
the F.B.I., to determine why it is impossi le for this dep4
meat to maintain a record as to crimes in which E-Iagrcas are
victims comparable to its record as to other crimes.
This letter is being sent to youvrithout being releasu
to_the press, an§1_no_publicity whatsoever is being given t<
other than possible discussion with members or our stair.expect to be in Washington during the early garb of Januarywould appreciate an opportunity to discuss t is matter fur!
with you if you so desire. ' -
L Very truly yours,
. igggiyrem1! g Q5 5 d shalluopvra-l9-CIO 7__ Specihl onnsel
P.B. In comegiog with the gailuie tg identi angers 31 . s {nag edgggcmggticeg the Ziggé-r1e1iey:§ei§Ewrmw 1-was gr
Saturday, December Zlet, captioned The Silent Indict-Ht-0 _ §- -_ _' . :1-.':?*.;;, __ s -.a-e ":*"'.- ,"--'--1--Q --- -e-II?-hg-.-» _ _ s . .__ ,__ _ _.'._,__Jl_, __ ,.,_,._:,___"',,.__~'_
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___ ___ January 10, l ' ~
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Be: 00.lLPLL1IT 81' EQ- RIGIRDIIG GIT RIGHTS IITEBIIGATI
I an returning herewith the letter addreeeed to youdate c December 27, 946 by an-. iurgood llarehall, Specialof the at_ional__4e_eociation for the Advancement oi Colored
Legal Defenee and lducational fund, in vhich Mr. arehall i
critical of the work of the FBI in inveetigcting caoeo inuo
negroee-.
In order that gou nag he fully aduieed concerning t
with reference to individual caoee referred to in lrr. Hareh
letter, I an eetting out hereafter ioruticn concerning t
eitucticne and I an, in addition, attaching hereto a euggee
to Ir. Jlarehall e letter. I luet etate, however, that Ifr
do not ezpect llarehall to accept any factual explanation of
eituatione about uhich he hae conplained, becauee I have 1'0
preoioue deqlinge with hi: that he ie Icet careleee ae to t
and facte in the charges ehich he nah-eo agoinet the FBI, I
of hie attitude, I night point out that under date c l I If_a Hr. Iarehall addreeeed to no a letter in which he arged n
on the part of Special Jgente of the Bur u in c ducting c
noolving negroee and in interviewing . e chargeeI larehall were, if true, eerioue -
1... _ q I at uBy letter dated Hay "id, 1948 dd e ed ta-Jkprehaeeured hin that I would not tolerate any acte oJEiie duc|:art of Bureau agente and explained to his tha31!'F conmediate adninietratiue inquiry into the chargee sale}: .5would furnieh the nanee of the pereone acting thegghainet the Bureau agente, in order that I could det ine
ty of the agente allegedly indulging in aieocnduct. .
ecae length in up letter of lay ze-an to eeplain to Mr. Ithat "eta-ingent dieciplin-cry action ie taken againet any ep
agent Iho, by any act, prejudicee the Bur-eau'e prograa of clthorough, ilgartial and entirely ethical and legal inveetig|of all caeee . Deepite my requeet for identifying data chi:permit ne to mate inueetigation into Ir. Kare all e chargeeBureau agente and deepite my aeeurance to hil th¬§9292gl__iec.ipl.i:_ _ /c ,»-1;?- -~
F.B.I.I1'.LEB _,. .am 42$ it G-- ' "$:°=-tr:-r '.-37"?
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lleaorandun for the Attorney General
action would be taken where Justified; Ira lhrshall has naue
answered ny letter of lay lath or-furnished any infornotion
mould pernit ue to investigate the charges lads.
I believe that Ir. Marshall's obvious hostility to 1
Bureau doninates the thinking of his associates in the legal
operations of the Rational Association fbr the ldvancelentl
0 1 d.P 1 I ht i h B o ore sop Is mig po nt out t at Ihen the ureau I08
deavoring to cond t an inoesti tion oaee inoolonassault upo b t 4South Garolina, tho o c n, a negro, en ntervieu
Bureau agente,_declined_tg,furnis any information to us ongrounds that Oouneel of the IationalAssociation or e en of Go ls, had inst:
his not to talk to the I31 ezcept in ressnce and
the pernission of Jccording to
stated, in referring to the I31, that-"They are not on your
they are on the side of the gooernaent". It night be notedsituation tho was the victin of an assault and the
Iitnese in the ureau s qforts to conduct an investigation
determine mhsther there had been a violation of Federal Uivi
fights Statutes. The restrictions placed upoby th
I;4.4-0-P. representative resulted in considerable needless;
in the investigation of this case.
larshall cites the e@y¢F92ua1¢¢1- lynching case nsard
Georgia, as an ezauple
in this type of case.
larshall in connection
investigation has been
£5806 people have beenof the one-sided investigations condw
I believe that it should be pointed o
with that case that a thorough and e:
conducted, in the course qf which nea:
interviewed, and that the tsstiuony q
Iapprosiaatsly 106 witnesses was heard by a Itderal Grand Jun
Athens, Georgia, which Grand Jury did not return any indictni
Marshall refers also to the Columbia, Tennessee, rac|
on Ibhruary 85 and 86, 1946, an investigation of which was c4
by this Bureau and reports submitted to the Urilinal Divisiol
the caption Qacial Violence Colunbia, Tennessee; Civil Bigh1
Domestic Violence". You will recall that at the conclusion l
inuiitigation in that caic all of the facti tore presented ta
federal Grand Jury and that at the conclusion of the teetinol
jury expressed the opinion that there had been no violation 1
Federal statute and further connsnded the lav enforcement ojy
for their tanner in handling the situation.
-3-
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92 _} _!
Ienorandun for the Attorney General .7
later on in his letter, lhrshall peiete out that y
called fwr a etrengthening of the Federal ¢iIil Bighte Sta
but questions the effectiveness qfan£ euoh statutes uhenIIUIIC IOIIU UUIIUOUUIUIOI DU Illli FUIIIIU TUB IIIU IIOUIIUD DDUUIIthe statutes already in force» I believe it can be §¢:n¢|
lhrshall that the too bases referred to above tend to ehou
,for specific civil rights statutes Iith clearly defined vi
rather than the_failure qf the Bureau or the Department em
operating under the preeent highly controvereial etatuteei
lhrehall makes the further statement that the ILA.
has used inexperienced inveetigatore Iho have been able t:
the nanes of the nenbers of mobs and refers epectfioally 1
recent linden, Louisiana, lynching. Reports cf investiga1
that oaee have been orwarded to the Gr Division unc J
caption @De uty Sheri et a1.; J
Jone: an 1 ghte and I
riolence'. Ieu gill recall that that eaee involved the re
taco negroee by Deputy Sher-iff_to a nob of men who 1
out and eeverely beat then, as a reeult of which Jbnee die
euroived. Indictments have alr been handed dos
Deputy 8heriff Deputy Sheriff and three 1:
individual: ahc tor: ::=b:r: cf'thc :o-t - nuabcr of cg:
sole of nhoe mere negroee, have identified eone of the nee
the lob and one negro informant reported what he believed
list of the individuals involved but had no evidence to ea
hie belief. I believe it should be pointed out to lhrehal
although inforiation as to iuipecti in ioie aaiii has been
by the hnA.A. 0.P. or eone of its representativee, the_fur
of such naaee of suepects does not constitute a solution 1
oular caee although it doee lend invaluable aeeietance. J
the real problen in theee caeee ie to obtain definite and
evidence adniesible in court to prove the identity of the
responsible.
In referring to
recall, involved the beating
at Bateeburg, South Carolina, ulted
blindness, lhrshall states that the I;A.A.U.J%
eye vitneesee and the name of the police officer. In this
it is to be noted that the original conplaint received fro
.'e4.e__e_ce._Pe end ,frc.In U!Qti §M$!§ that the heating
at Aiken, South Carolina, and it nae not until the inveeti
thie Bureau had been instituted that it was learned that t
had actually occurred at Bateeburg. lbrehall's Itdtenent
uitnesaee were produced ie nieleading but the Bureau agent
-8- 14405
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Uenorondun Jar the Attorney General
viewed all pereone euggeeted by the Iidelefefi and fvrniehed
information to government attorneys.
fb refute lbrehall'o charpee that the FBI has ezhibi
bide and prejudice in conducting inveetigatione involving ne
I believe that a fem caeee where evcceeefvl proeecutione hav
had in civil righte ooeee ehould be cited and that Marshall
be inforaed in no uncertain terns that all investigations co
ducted by the Bureau are conducted impartially and without r
to the race or color of any pereone involved.
Respectfully,
h1_ s_,.¢>6-tau-¢-._,
Wu idgar Hoover
Director
lttdchnente
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Ir. Inn W ' October 1a, 194? ' 3,, -!"'_- _
-"as+_- _ e ,,. e / 1 aw
_ / m 10:. :"o....s'o1vIn be
$5? I an attaching h eto a summary of ourc>¬i Jelationships with f%argoJ:fJhrshal1. Js you sagie have not included our entire relationships wit
| ctional Association for the Advancement of Colored Peop
92 pa each a memorandum would be exceedingly voluminous; how==92 %the pertinent data on Bhrshall are incorporated.
f Respectfully,
Nichols n
~
*7 AttachmentInde: back of memo _
5
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_f' , _ October 18, 194?
Be:
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a/' l According to a1.
IERRGOOD HIRSHILL
letter frcn er» mac? eons September= 194?, Thur-good Harshall appears on a list of executive offi-
cers ofthe Association as Special Ceuneel. "
,}
He was listed as a sponsor of the Jnerican Civil
' Liberties Union, Southern California 8ranch,! according to the
innual Report of the organisation for I939.
According to information received in 1942, Marshall was
On February 10,on the Board of Directors of the lnerican Civil Liberties Union.
1944, there was an announcement of the
results of a nationwide poll by the Schonburg Collection ofd//egro Literature of the New fork Public Library to determine the
ei: white individuals or organisations and the twelve Negro in
dividuals or organizations which had done the host outstanding
hark during the preceding year for the improvement of race-
relations. Along the Negroes nominated was Thurgood Marshall.
lhe Daily Ibrke
./
the organisation in Cinci
A __._-....l. J .LL_A report OJ "one~":lctivities lists lhurgoodr on Jhly l, 1946, indicated that Har-
ehall received the Spingarn Medal, the N1ACT'e highest award,
for his work in defense of Negroes, at the 37th Conference of
nnati.
n_-_.|_'I 4-|-........e.1..1.__ -... n... 1_.__.r _.... _ .DPE Cl D-I Ie'0F1IZllF'§IE OH UH-JIICFI C-BF!Marshall as being an officer of the /International Juridical Association. This same report on page
B09 lists him as a nenber of the National Committee of this
association from Maryland
Identijdcotion
shall, Negro, born July 2
Jingerprinted in the Firg
In 4ue92I92T92'@1-I Inn In an-Qennn-LIIU B?l§IU JUI U FBCUFUI U
the criminal files of therecords reflect that one Ihurgood Ebr-
, 1908, at Baltimore, Maryland, was
in Islands on October l, 1946, when
. lheae prints were searched against
Identification Division on October 15,
l94?, and no record was found.
-1'1. Lgeczoorcez sn/gem: ,8 57¢»
The N140? had a
Carolina, on June 13 and
Ias the rincipol speaker
§J-lull!!! H: xi; __ 59
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-
1 ,92 4 1-J UI RIO
, stated that he had
loyal American who would
aims of his organization
to be done to accomplish
9 .
two-day conference in Florence, Sbuth
14, l t which lhurgood Earshall
. who was then
clored echcc- in Ilcrence, South caro-
net Marshall and believed_hin to be a
go as Jar as he could to further the
but would not permit anything radical
the desired end.
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He advised that Marshall, as a private individual,
believed much as he did regarding the methods.Ieed by the or-
ganisation H110?! in appealing to the mass sJ'Ibgroes. The
informant stated, however, that karehall had remarked in
private to him that althoughlh does not believe in some of
the things he advocates from the speaker's platform, the best
way to secure the mass support of the colored people was through
advocation of an active militant attitude toward the bettermentof the colored race. iji7f-
colored minister of Florence,South Caro no, w o onge to the HIACP, stated that Marshall
was a loyal American and that although he would be militant in
helping his organisation achieve its aims he would not allow
the use of force or un-American or illegal means.
lhe Florence, South Carolina, morning paper on June
l8, 1943, quoted karshall as stating that the recent race riots
in Detroit were attributed to subversive groups. He discussed
Army treatment of Negroes and was very praiseworthy of the way
in which the Army and entire Federal government treated Negro
people. He stated this was not true of very many local agencies.
ll---In-T1 J-I 4-I J11 4 Jinn In QR l924sI92n1n In J Ii T '~.I'l|l-r'IIIU4.l. =uU?I.s ulsl-'30 but 33auP8u yrvya-= ..i-a H|.¬ v0 .;33¬ 31':-aiild
the Axis nations be victorious than did the white people. In
u/QIBBTOI terms he condemned subversive organisations of all kinds
I IV
Cand warned the Negroes against them. He said that they should
be ever alert to advance the cause of the colored people but
that they should be Jmericans first and strive for their own
betterment secondly. He added that Communists were not as
active among the colored people today as they were fifteen years
ago for the colored people have found that Communism does not
give them what they expect to get. Marshall advised a Bureau
informant that it was not the policy of NIACP to be belligerent
in any way but hinted that the organisation would sponsor a
group which would be belligerent if the association believed
in the aims of the organisation. 0
a Wegress who was formerl
of San Francisco Chapter of the KIACB, advised that it was
necessary in 1943 to hold two meetings before officers could
be elected. She admitted that early in 1943 and during the year
1942 ihe had attempted to work with Communist Party members in
the Association in harmony. After they could not agree on the
new officers at the rst meeting, they held another meeting onDecember 3, 1943. battempted to turn the chair over to
one Iesley Peoples and immediately the Communist Party members
objected and recommended another person as Chairman. After
much argument, it was finally decided to draft Thuroood Marshall
as Chairman. He happened to be in the city on other business.
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Iar hall consented and was given two ballots -Tine prepared b- Ubsupporters and the other by the Cennignist-doninated
=group. lhrshall proposed that instead of veil] either that
both be used as a guide and that the members vets on a blanksheet of paper, which was done. Palleged that the Con-
lunists attempted to influence t e Iegroes to vote against her.Jhe stated that she had a discussion with Marshall about aweek before t e e ection at which time she esplained to himthe trouble they were having with Communists. He allegedly
told her he knew the Oonnunists were trying to IOU8 into the
various chapters of the HIJCP and especially on the PacificCoast. He reportedly urged?-to have a shoro-down fightvitghthe cggnunists. He appear; guitetsynpathetio and interestnn e pro en. -a v se s e a er earned that I-farshall
also had a conference with her opponents, with whom kbrshall was
quite friendly. She was of the opinion that these Communists
swayed the opinion of'Jhrshall against her.
its January 2, 1944, issue of the Ba Forher con-tained the first of a series of articles byh
what had been done about the causes of the August race r ots
in Harlem the preceding year. A number of people were listed as
having been interviewed to get material for the articles and -
!hrshall's name was included among them. the gist of the
articles was that
present.
rhe new
i on Januar
en renove
said that
possibly a emberthe causes of the race riots were still
York Aneterdan !em=- a eoro newspaper in-
l945, that 20 lIlilIIIIlIIII!|IiIiIIIIIIof the OP area rent off ce in Harlem,
ram is post the preceding meek. In informant
as definitely a fellow traveler and quite
qf the Communist Party. An article in this
pa er uoted lur ood llarshall as stating in a letter "u~= ~===»-=1o e on y egro serving as a rent d rec or Region 2, or
so for as we know the only one in the country, raises a serious
question as to the real reason for his removal. H'rshall wasfurther quoted as stating in the letter thath
"possesses to a high degree the qualifications generall re ardedas desirable for such an adainistrative office. n
a legro. It is obvious that any governmental action n an area
uhich includes Harlem has a direct qfect upon race relations,
not only in the area involved but throughout the country."
The weekly intelligence summary qf the Arty Service __
Forces, Feadquarters first Service onnand, ioston, Hhssacnusetts,
for the week ending February 15, 1946, contains an item from a
source described as "conpletely reliable" that Thurgood Marshall,
as legal representative of the New fork NIACP Headquarters, held
-3-
on
1__ _ _ w I
a meeting with the Boston NAACP on February I, £46, as a result
of a protest against election procedure. A Dnist supported
faction had been elected and the defeated oonelrwatiue faction
was protesting. larsholl explained that he had not come to Bos-
ton to settle the matter but simply to act as arbiter for thetwo factigns and to report to the National VAACP, ew fork, con-
i t i - aern ng e d spute.
The Cleveland Press on lurch l3, 1946, stated that
the Cleveland branch of the NAACP and a Citizens Committee
were sponsoring a protest mass meeting against the "ugly race
situation" in Columbia, Tennessee. The meeti was to be
on Harch 15 and among the speakers was Thur-go
OT 5 prep ted Communist .art :Communist Party sympathieer!,d
of the Communist Party, and others.
On April 10, 194?, Podvised a Special
Agent in Justin, Te.-.-as, that e was trying to set up a NAACP
chapter at the University of Texas, and that certain individuals
who fol he Communist Party line were trying to get control
of it. ontacted Thur cod 1/arshall who aid ha 9 s t t ifI/any office of a NAACP chapter was held by '1': Communi st the chap-
ter would be withdrawn.
A confidential informa o the New York Office ad-
vised on August 22, 194?, that of the
Daily Yorker, sent the following telegram on August 21, 194?,
to Thurgood Marshall and numerous other parties:
' "Have you seen brief in- case and
will you comment for publication in our paper?"
A confidential informant of the New York Off! ce re-
ported that llarshall is a good friend of .La.r Tergan, Executive
Di rector of the Council on African affairs, President of the
National Negro Congress, and a key figure in known Communist
circles. The same informant termed Marshall as a "fellow
traveler" and added that he may possibly be a member of the
Communist Party.
III. C'HAR$'E.S AGAINST FYI BUREAU
&
Jllegation:
The Department of Justice files contain a letter
dated January 30, 1942, from Thurgood liarshall, lambasting theDepartment for failing to prosecute in this case. llarshall
stated in his letter 'the reason there is no evidence is
um- 4 -
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arcane: v; tn: type 0; lIlU¢8Fb_.'_-'G5l on IBOI II fllllrcll Bureau__ of Investigation. Ihie case was reported tog Department ofm H 'i.. Justice in June of 1940. The FBI Agent at Investigateg the charge againstwtalhed toafen as they reach 4 .8rownsville and too 2 with then on their rounds to question
- witnesses. uite naturally the Iegroes would not 'talk' in
front of who had alread killed at least one negroand run severa o ere out of town. this letter was ach-
nowledged over lbndsll lergel signature on February ll, 1942,
and stated in substance that faete did not juetify preeeeutien.
The letter did not nake reference to the material quoted above
nor was the letter called to the Bureau: attention.
Facts:
On the morning of June 23, l940, the body of a Negro
named Albert Iillians was found floating in a river near Browne-
ville, lennessee. It appeared that prior to finding the body
certain Ilegroes had gone to the electi n oials to i uire
ab ut voti in the 1940 electi n
neipal
ga one. e 24, 1940, the
lenphie office advised by teletype that the Jssietant U. S.
Attorney at Eeephie had received Beparteental instructions for
an investigation at Brownsville. The £10 advised that he would
proceed unless advised to the contrary. On June 29 a prelininar
report was submitted and on July ll, l94O, the Department re-
quested an active investigation. In November qf 1940, the
- F. 3. attorney at Henphis stated that no additional inquiry was
deemed necessary or practical. In Deoenber of that year the
Department advised no further investigation was necessary. cn
January 23, 1942, the Attorney General's office advised the
U. S. Attorne to case. All Agents working on the
case deni coompanied then on the investiga-
tion and cently interviewed, denied heaoconpan ents. t
n Septeaber 24, l94? Harehall directed a letter tothe Bureau on this sane case aching the following charges:
Allegati on: .
Special Jgents took *'i' along
with them while questioning Negro .
' Facts:
This is emphatically denied by all Agents and-
- 5 -
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92
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E 1970/
Allegation: _
Fad Iendel Der e stated that the FBI
could not ocate a witness named and that he,
Marshall, located -ithout difficulty.
Facts: e
It is true that toe attempted to locate this individual
with negative results but we could and would have located himIhad we not been told to hold the investigation in abeyance
by the U. S. Attorney.
Jllegation;
The FBI could not locate a witness named_
and that he, Marshall, vent a rownsville and ascertained thatmums actually who was residing in Chicago.are a said he loent to Chicago and fauna without diffi-
culty.
Facts:
J lead had been set out to obtain the address of-but apparently due to the normal delinggency in the lenphi
ce, the lead was not covered. It would ve been had the
investigation not been terminated by Department orders-
_ T'7 On October 6, 194?, the Director sent a letter to
arehall ointing out the nattere noted above concerning theame and defending our position and denying his alle-
ga one. In this letter the Director suggested that in the futv
complaints received by Harshall concerning the FBI should be
called to the Director's attention so that an appropriate inquir;
can be node. The Director stated, "I believe this will be ef-
fective in getting results which I am sure both you and I de-
ire."1;J
jmnroe, Georgia, Lynching
Jllegation:
On Decenber 2?, l946, Marshall wrote to the Attorney
General pointing out that he, larshall, agreed to bring to the
Attorney General's personal attention natters Ihich affectiwegroe
in connection with the Department of Justice. In this letter,
Marshall stated, "the Federal Bureau of Investigation has done a
good job an peonage in the South. Iith the exception of peonage,
the record of the FBI in investigating cases involving Negroes
has been notably one-sided. The inability of the FBI to
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identify any members of the_lynch mob in ihOIIIPlO, Georgia,
lynching is the latest example of this. __
Pointing out that the lttorney General had called for
6 strengthening of the Fideral-Eiuil iighii Statutes, ihrshall
claimed that there would be very little use to strengthen these
statutes if'the FBI continued its policy of being unable to pro-
duce the names of persons guilty of such crimes. He said that
he believed it was the Attorney General's duty of making a
complete investigation of the FBI to determine why it is in-
possible for the FBI to naintain a record as to crimes in which
Iegroes are victims colparable to its record as to other crimes.
IQ -4-_I'UG"liI¬
F"' On January l0, 194?, the Director in a memorandum to
the Attorney General answered the charges of Marshall. lhe
Director pointed out that frankly he did not expect Marshall
to accept any factual explanation of the situations about which
larshall had complained because the Director had found from
precious dealings with larshall that Marshall was uoet careless
as to the truth and facts in the charges which he makes against
in-Q "T 'Ilvw Ill-L a -L~ .
The Director nentioned the ogetilalcoln lynching
case near Monroe, Georgia, which Marshall cited. It mas pointed
out that a thorough and exhaustive investigation had been con-
ducted in the course of'mhich nearly 2,600 persons had been
interviewed and that the testiaony of approximately 106 witness:
oas heard by a Federal Grand Jury in Athens, Georgia, which
Grand Jury did not return any indictuents.
' jmlunbja, Jbnnessee, pace giqtg
lllegation: '
In his letter of December 2?, 1946, to the Attorney
General, larshall stated, Wln the disturbance at Columbia,
Tennessee, on February 25 and 26 of this year, it is reported
that FBI lgents were sent in almost ianediately and were sup-
posed to have made a thorough and complete investigation, yet,
they were unable to produce the none of'a single individual _
responsible for the acts of violence and the destruction of the
property of the Negroes in that town." -
Facts: .
lhe Director, in his nenorandum to the Attorney
General dated January 10, 1947, referred to the Columbia, Ten-
nessee, race riot on February 25 and 26, 1946, mentioned by- 7 -
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lbrshall. It was pointed out that an investixgtion of this
- ecase was conducted and reports submitted to Criminal Di-vision under the caption, "liacial Violence, &lIlbia, Tennes-
see;- Pivil Rights and Donestic Violence. It Ias indicated
that at the conclusion of this investigation all of the facts
Iere presented_tc a Federal Grand Jury and at the conclusion
of the teetinony, the jury expressed the opinion that there
had been no violation of any Federal statute and further
eeaeended the lac enfarce:ent.cjficere for their acnner of har
the situation. - ' -s _
' - yindenhloui siana, gynchinqg
Allegation:
lbrshall, in his letter to the Attorney General on
December 2?, l946, pointed out that his organisation and other
organisations have used ineeperienced inueetigatere who have
usually been able to produce the names of the members of the
nabs. In the lnden, Louisiana, lynchinge, lhrshall stated,
"the President of our new Orleans Branch, with no eeperience 92
as an investigator, was able to produce the naes of nenbersof that nob." ' '
92 Iacte:. 'kj7 ;
It will be recalled that this is the case in which
Congressman Overton Brooks of Louisiana took an interest. On
the evening of March 3, 1947, the Bureau received inquiries
fro! the press regarding a statement issued by the Cbngressnan
on the case in which he denounced the FBI as a result of the
prosecutiue action instituted in Louisiana, growing out of the
tillin o J 1 Jbnes on August 65 1946, and the beatingc near llinden, Louisiana.
_ Iith reference to Marshall's allegation, the Director
ad i d the Aft G 1 th t t th i ti ti v se orney enera a repor s of e nvee ga on
in that case were fbrwarded to the Criminal Division under the
caption, !Deputy Sheri et al; John
Cecil Jones an - c us; Civil Ri hts d Pand Domestic Pic e ce. s case involved the release of tvcIegroee by Deputy Sheriffpto a lob of aen uho took then
t nd severely beat the , as a result of ahich Jbneo died but&eurui ved. A nuaber of eye witnesses, sale of when were
' Ibgroee, identified some of the nenbere of the nob and one
isgrc informant reported that he believed to be a list of the
individuals involved but had no evidence to substantiate hisbelief. ' i -
The Director suggested to the Attorney General that
una-- G L--~rT3
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Earshall light be advised that although information as to suspects
_in some cases had been furnished by the NAACP or some of its 1'epPQ-
sentatives, the furnishing of such names of suspects did not consti-
tute a solution to a particular case, although itdid lend invaluabl__:_,_,_wlssistance. The Di rector further pointed out ti-It the real problem
-»~is these cases was to obtain definite and concrete evidence, admis-
"1-Ibld in court, to prove the identity of the individuals responsible
It tight be noted that all parties prosecuted in connect-io
with this case were acquitted by a jury in the United States Distric
Court at Shreveport. 92
jean: D
l'n his letter of December 2?, 1946, to the Attorney Genera
llarshall colvnente as allows with r t hi " ear o t s case: In thebeating of #1; Cfficer in Batesburg, South Caro-lina, we were ab e to produce eye to nesses and the name of the
police officer. " Marshall was of course contrastin the alle dAt Old 1 I. I." 1 , 1 Q ge Q I - - -Q -. __ - _ _ -__' --... _-.-._ a_.! _ .JJcb%.g up %"e :51-' .£ J 4.1.: .. .g .r 4.1. 4:.J GUJUFHQ EH58 U-"U 81741}-I-UT" CUSCE IUIFII EH5
ease with which the NAACP located witnesses.
lbcts: '
Marshall 's statement is misleading, to say the least, but
the FBI did interview all persons suggested by the NAACP and gave
their inforznati on to the government attorneys. It is to be noted
ht at the original complaint from the NAACP anchimself
placed the incident in Aiken, South Carolina, and it was not until
the liareaa investigation a-ae started that it was learned the of-
fense occurred in Batesburg.
H a discharged colored veteran, was en route from
Georgia v e e had been dischar d , ge from the irny, to .-Jew York
City Investigation requested by the Department revealed that hewas arrested on February 12, 1946, b
at Batesburg, South Carolina, fa ow ng a s ur ance create
y the victim on a bus traveling north from Augusta, Georgia.
lavas drinking on the bus in violation of the state lac and
Trequently demanded that the bu r his convenience. At
the re t th tooh_ into
te burg,
blaillegati on
ques of e bus driver,
custo and while en route to t po eresisted arrest and att
assay from him. As a result,
over the head with the blackja
his: only once and subsequent uedi did not indicate that
the Negro had been severely beaten. He was lodged in jail over
'night and the next morning complained that his eyes bothered him.
some smelling was present around his eyes and after he was arraigned
he was taken to the Veterans Hospital at Uolunbia, South Carolina,
where he remained for two months. He was then released as hopeless};
blind in both eyes.Red that struck
In his communication to the lttorne "en 1 th-9- DFW
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92lrector pointed out that the Bureau was endellcring to conduct_§,. an inveeti ation into t e involuin the assault upon:-_-an by vi llinbvro, min
ro ha, and that a egro, when interviewed by I31
Agents, decline h an information to the FBI on the
grounds that ounsel for the National
Asso tion for the Advancement o Colored eo le had instructednot to talk to the g ezcceit in presence
and with the perlniesi on 0; lleged thatl
in referring to the FBI, stated, "lhey are not on your side ~
they are on the side of the government." The restrictions placed
upc by the NAACP representative resulted in-considerable
nee in the investigation of this case dless e ay .
It night be noted that th n tee Attorney
filed an information a ainst on September26, 1946, and as re ease u er ,000 bond. He was
tried in Federa u and acquitted on November 5; 1946.
jscogductgofmjggntsgin Gases Involginq Negroes
Jllegation:
Under date of Bay 10, 1946, Dbrshall wrote the Director
charging misconduct on the part of Special Agents of the Bureau
in conducting cases involving Negroes and interviewing Negroes.
I'OC'$8:
The Director wrote to Marshall on Hay 14, l946,
assuring him that he would not tolerate any acts of misconduct
on the part of FBI Agents and that he would conduct an inne-
diate adninistrative inquiry into the charges if Marshall would
furnish the nanes of the persons making the complaints against
the FBI Agents. The Director went to some length in his letter
of May 14th to hbrshall to explain that "stringent disciplinary
--4.e-._ 0- 4-1.-.. -_-e--4 --.. n_-.,.r-1 1---.1. --L- 1... -._.. -_.sHCIFIIIII cl F0881! Bgul-HUD Ufly DPUDIU-L jyernv Univ, Dy Urey UCP,
prejudices the Bureau's program of conducting thorough, impar-
tial and entirely ethical and legal investigations of all
cases." Despite the Director's request for identifying data
which would permit him to lake investigation into Marshall's
charges, and despite the Director's assurance to larshall that
disciplinary action would be taken where justified, Marshall
never.answered the Director's letter °f<MbU 14th or furnished
any information which would permit the Director to investigate
the charges nodes
In connection with charges made against the Bureau[bu Marshall on January 13, 194?, the Director wrote toof the xucr, and pointed out to him the-1o -
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repeated efforts on the part of lhurgcod Iarlhll to embar-rass the FBI and to discredit its investigatiies, particularly
in oases involving civil rights of Iegroee. Ike Director said
that he was parti cularly concerned because the Attorney General
had brought to his attention a letter dated December 2?, 1946,
in which lfarshall critic the vcrk of the Bureau. TheDirector pointed out to that he had endeavored through
the years to administer the work of the FBI in a judicial and
impartial manner. Ihe Director pointed out that nisconduct
on the part of an individual agent would result in drastic
administrative action and noted that Thurgood Marshall refuses
to accept the fact that the Bureau tries to do a thorough job
in its investigative work regardless of the identity of the
persons involved. He noted that Ihurgocd Marshall and his
{associates in the Legal Branch of the HIACP had not rendered
§full cooperation and further that Thur-good Marshall 's attitude
.did not neasure u to the standards of cooperation which had{been set hid
an January 24, l94?,qacknowledged the Director'sletter and stated that he discusss the natter with Thurgoodllarshall. Thurgood Marshall had told P that the Attorney
General had requested him to bring to s attention any matters
which affect Negroes in connection with the Department of
Justice. Further that Harshall had requested of Hr. Clark an
tnent in order to discuss the criticisms face to face.
said that he believed that a reat deal of good could W o
oe done if the director and iiorshall sat down and discussed
the matter frankly. .
I Y. QZZER REC£.'Y1f'_ QSES ..l_'iY T5_'C'H MRSHALL HAS EJPRESSED 1'h",T'.E_.'3_,E'.S'T
Brest or e.v@ra§9.11__ Ea e;'1¢l*.'1e==.L
On December 4, 1946, Marshall wrote the Assistantgeneral, Theron L. Oaudle, to the attention of-
oncerning an incident in Ccluahia, Tennes-1o4e. lhe letter indicated that Harehall to
arrested on the charge of operating an automobile while in-
toxicated, and that he was subsequently discharged by aJustice if the Peace J. J. Poague, of Uclusbia. Marshall
e ed t a o his arrest he was accompanied bl!
of Nashville, fennessee and
nooga, Tennessee, anda
e Daily Yorker of New fork. ,
l arshall's letter indicated that at the time his auto-
mobile was stopped, three other automobiles containing law .
enforcement officers were on the scene. It appear hat a
Iegro informant told a constable that Marshall, nd
- 11 -
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' 1,70
' veers planning to transport liquor in their oar on theirr p to Iashville, Isnnessee. hnce Maury :::ty, in which
Columbia is located, is a dry county, such t sportation
would be in violation of the law.
Upon receipt of this infornation, Oonstableqsecured a Jahn Doe search warrant for the oar which Marsha l
and the others were using and when the yarshall car cane along
the lashville highway, it was stopped and a search was wade.
Assistant Attorney General Uaudle, in a letter to the Bureau on
January 7, 194?, stated that it further appeared that the
larshall autonobile was stopped three tines - once for the
purpose of searching it, a second tine to inspect Marshall's
operator's license, and a third tine to make the arrest; that
after the arrest, larshall's conponions were told that they
night proceed to Nashville; that, in supposedly proceeding to
Columbia with Marshall, the qficers turned off the main high-
way into a dirt road leading elsewhere; and that they returned
to the main highway only after noticing that Marshall's con-
panions were following then.
In January, 1947, our llenphis Office conducted aninvestigation into this latter and learned that Constableq
had received information from a colored informant that Marsha
and his companions were leaving Columbia, Tennessee, on the
night of November l8, l946, in an automobile in which there
would be a quantity of whisky. On the basis of this informa-tionqszoore out a John Doe warrant because he did not h-now
who owns the automobile. Jcconpani ed by a constable and two
deputy sheriffs, he stopped the automobile driven by Marshall
between 7 and 8 p.n. on the evening of November 18th. No
whisky was found in the automobile. Deputy Sheriffs-and-arrested Marshall after'detecting that he had been drink-
ing on the basis of lfarshall s driving an automobile under
the influence of liquor.
larehall, according to the officers, was taken
directly to the office of lagistrate Poague, who expressed the
opinion that Marshall was not drinking, whereupon uarshall was
released. lhe officers contended that they stopped the auto-
mobile only once and that the entire operation from the time
of stopping the car until Marshall's release was within a
thirty-ninute period.
The Department, an Mir-ch ll, l9d'?, requested that
additional investigation be conducted in this oase for the
following reasons. During the interview with Constable-
he stated that in the beginning he had obtained the information
which caused him to secure the search warrant from a colored
informant, whose identity he would not reveal. -then
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3churn-use-I hip liars: and lnirl Ill flit hp mnl lhill "fallU-"aw I. 7 U TY I ' 1'73 fiii FT ' CI W IUT iii $11 7"? " 111
guy in the entire incident and that the or! informationwas given to him Sheriffgand sane lie deputies,
who t u e rrant ezar
eo e wa . ,_ _ essed*** i rf wanted ta pet: ast crack
and Ehrshall." The epartnent requeeted that
rsinterviewed; that a signed statement be
secured from n, if possible, and that he be asked to disclose
the circunstancss, evidence and conversations with Sheriff
his deputies in connection with their request that
r out a warrant on the basis of information which
received.
_ci'eouted a signed statement in which he stated
that he eeeeived infernatian from 5'heriff""i-" upon ahi ch hebased his affidavit for a search warrant. J signed statementsecured from f and Deputies end Wre-flegted that Winfgrn them tho; ha {orma t from an n orman upon w o incurs e searc warran .
.lbgistrate fbague advised that the affidavit and search war-
rant were destroyed by him when nothing was found in the car
in question and no record was kept.
Qn August 3?, l94?, the Department advised that it
was not believed that there was sufficient basis of prosscutive
action in this case and, accordingly, no further investigation
need be node by the Bureau.
n___LIJQE
On yarch 21, 1946, the Department referred to the
Bureau a letter from Thurgood Barshall enclosing a copy of a
complaint nade by one stated that he was a
soldier in the regular"IFEF'EhH_Eft?? iirving in the South-
west Pacific, was given a 90-day furlough to visit h arents.
e stated that he and his brother, Kenneth, andi went to a iilling station in El Oanpo, !8.1'iO8,operc-ed by one to get eone cold drinks. whilestanding there a white nan ordered the cousin to put his
shirt tail in. lhe cousin replied that he did not know his
shirt tail was out. The nan became infuriated and begancursing, and olained that they walked awag. .£s they
walked down the road, they iet the eheriff and he --
to return to the filling station.
A fight ensued and pace slapped by the sheriff,who pulled out his pistol. Sho s were fired and Kenneth was
killed. fhe Department requested that be lake a preliminary
investigation into this matter and to furnish the U. E. Attorney
at Houston with copies of the report. The facts developed that-I J1 -1B FYI!-fl
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the three Negroes had been involved in an argllent with a
. 2 white nan at the filling station in question. !he white nan
3; reported the matter to the sheriff and three peace officers
1 were dispatched to the scene. The fight ensued and one of
the three Negroes was killed.
A local grand jury failed to indict the three qfi-
cers who toot part in the affray. On June 2?, 1946, the De-
partment advised that the latter would be presented to a
' Iederal Grand Jury and that no further investiaation was de-
sired. On January l5, l94?, the facts were presented in
Federal Grand Jury in Galveston and a no true bill was re-
turned.
Prentice.£cCbnn.Qbse L5?
One Prentice Hedann a Ne ro died from gunshotwounds inflicted by cfficer of the Liobile,
llabcna, Police Department on Ju y , 45, at Hbysuille,Alabama. Fm-3 another officer had stopped their
patrol car a ongside a Negro dice game. Ihe officers stated
that.HcOann was shot while advancing in a threatening manner,disregarding orders to halt and after Office-had struck
Hcdann with his fist in an effort to stop him.
In connection with this incident, Marshall forwarded
to the Department of Justice a number of affidavits signed by
Negro witnesses alleging that the shots were fired the instant
the patrol car stopped and without provocation. Investigation
by the Bureau developed conflicting testimony on this point
and the Department advised that, in the absence of sufficient
evidence to overcome the police officers defense of self-
defense, no prosecutive action was merited.
- 1 4 -
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Eblcolm, Roger . .
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: QQEPOSE:
Attached for your approval is a blind meno-
randun for G-2, Dpartnent of the Army,
rhurgood Marshall, Special Counsel ofI .l Nlemonmdum - UNITED sums GOVERNMENT
'19/6%, ,-=3? /9k 1 92
uni December ls, 1:
Iii7-1'-..:
concerning
the National
Association for the Advancement qt Colored PeopleIresnni
[IJJUf]l
QGI3ROQED:
Reference is aade to my aeno
dated December ll, 1950, concerning th
Th r hall or a passport to go
0-2 has now adrandun to you
e application ofto Japan. Z5'7 ;
vised that the 0!!me-cieok request on Marshall has been receiosd and
nfaraard-d to the lureaui He also confidentially advised
I Liaison Section, that the Army would
probably refuse Marshall perlission to go to Japan.
Lf you approve, the attached
will be furnished to 0-2. It reflects
a embpr t F 51¢: ional Lawyers GuildJu:idi_al E153-oZu§_ both of which have
Communist fronts by the House Oomnitts'7
the Ohio State Chairman of the Colluni
that, in connection with his IIJCP act
-/oblind melorandul
that Marshall was
and the International
been cited as
e on Uh-American
Activities, and also infcraticn fro! public ecurcc that -4Uarshall appeared on the sane speakers platform with
st Party among otheThere is also set forth the more pertinent information Tn:favorable to larshall. Other information to the effectvé
ivities, larshall
has supported or dealt with individuals described as
fallow travelers, etc., is not included since the e ncy
e d ba l ! ' M '- "I~'""*iw Q2! QQ|Ji!QQ QQQQ !5!'!..9__ Q9! 51e ow trave er and possibly a Communist Party nember,¢&
this is not included since it is not otherwise oorrobortsd
in the Bureau's files and appears to be merely the opinionof this informant unsupported by any e 2:zrae- '
III
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Io inoootigntion loo boon eononeood on tooat: oonoorning nrgood Ioroholl, bni o filoo of o hroon roflooi tho following info:-notion oonoorningn: '
foo Ioiionoj Aooociotion for o ldvonoonont
of folorol P 1 I A oop o 118?!, for which n:-good loroinll
too for oono iino _l:-oon Spoon! i'onnoo1, nod o oonforonoo
in noroneo, Cnrolioo on lnno 18 old lo, 1948, no
noo III
Iorololl ond bolioooo bin to Do n logo!
-lnorienn noo nonld yo no for no lo oonld to for-ohor
tho lino of bio or-gcniooon bni nld , no not pornio_. ongiling nation! to to dono to ncconpliol ilo dooirod
on; . ° 1-3170-:41, page. 5!
. Tho oroneo, Sonil Carolina, nor-ninp nnopopor
on lino ll, 1948, fnotod In-olnll oo outing an on3! toooni moo rioio in Doiroit noro niirilmtnalo to -92 onbooroioo yronpo. Io lioonoood Jn| irootnoni of nogroo
and proiood tho any in Iain! tho Jrng and tho onoiro
fodorol Gooornnoni orooiod nopro poopio. Io oioooo oooo
ilio noo not is-no of nor; non; loco! ogoneioo. hr-ololl
nun mo on color-od pooplo bod noro to Iooo ooonld Bo
leio noiiono lo oieioriono than lid too Iliio CIP1InIn ponornl ior-no, no ooodonnod onbooroioo on-gnu-ooionoof on tinoo ooo not-non on Uogrooo lgnil oni ./
CD
- Io ooil that op olonll to our oloro to ndvonoo lo '
.. oonoo of on oolorod pooplo, bni one tlo| ooonlo lo
tnorioooo firoi nod nor-ioo for onoir on ooornono
' ooeondlpo Io nddod it ollnaioio Doro not oo ncoo
i
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L ° _ na_°5'._,;92E Ezconnm Q L .
n " i mi ," o
4,/
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92
anang the aalored people than an they lad been fifteen
gear-e preeieaely fer the eolored people lad found[%nnien did not ,i¢e_1}_Q_l_,I,lil§_$!;I egpeeted to miIll a ea re a | reported that at abut e aaae
tine larenall had eennented that it aae not the policy
ef the I410! to be belligerent in any ray, bat he aloe
indicated that the organization Ionld epanaar a groap '
natal would be belligerent if the I110? believed in the
ainn Q! each organization. 1-3175-145! ___~@¢- "*
'9 the
f 1 lioted argo
International
The
/ been eited by®latiIitiea nopage 149.
e
C1 eaelami, on
J.Ioaae I-oanittee an Us-dnerican detiaitiea
on pagea 798 and 809 of ite 1944 report, lppendi:,,- an 1'I_
ed larahall an a Iatienal Oeanitteenan of the
JI?$di6I1 lllidilffele 1-7533,1g93, Pg, 79:
International Jaridieal laeoeiation baa
the Ionee toenittee on ma-dnerican
a Collnaiat front in ite 1944 report,
'¢'1eee1aud Prue," daily neeepaper of
ia, on larch 18, 1946, reported that the
Cleveland 8|-anal of the IAICP and a 0itieene' Coanittee
,_ Iere aponnoring n proteet anon neeting agaiant the
nah race aitaation"' in Colnnz-ia, fenneneee, on larch 15,:/
fu@9194-8. llang the aoaeral apeakera were fanrgood laralall
and Arnold oaneon, Olin State airaan of the ¢'en:nnniet
rnrtp. zoo-135-11-319, page 5!
e
neuereper, on
received the
for lie lore"Daily Yorker, an Iaet Coaet Connnniat
July 1, 1948, indicated that reball
Hnpsnporn lbda1,' the I418? ligleet eeera,
in defenae of negroee at tae flirty-aeeenta
Conference of the ergauie-ation in Cincinnati, Obie.
0- um 10. 2vw.llniaeraity of fen-an, adoiaed at e lad ea try ng £_7c
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7: _ :1I Mr. A. Boa %ii§::92 19?. DB2 M, 1955
' i_
Ii1'5%i§'cn~:mn"" ""'5i'~"é'6£'
This is to advise you that on instant date Hr. 1.
Caldwell, Chief, Civil Eights Eection Criminal ivisionDepartment tr Justice advised Special gmof the Civil Right Unit that he, Caldwell ha rece ve atelephone call from Marshall to the effect that Marshall wa:
flying to Jackson, Mississippi, on Hovember 5, 1955. wherehe was to address a meeting of the National Association For
The Advancement of Colored People there. Mr. Caldwell state
that Mr. Marshall had said that this information was being
furnished to the Department of Justice for its information.
Hr. Caldwell was advised that this Bureau could n:
furnish Hr. Marshall any protection. Mr. Caldwell stated he
realized that and he was asking for no action on the part 01
this Bureau but was merely passing this information along.
gcrgom 197C»
This information was made available to Mr.Wick
92in Hr. Hichols' office and to f the DomesticIIIIIIIIIIIF Intelligence Division.
Ho further action is believed to be necessary
inasmuch as the field is under specific instructions to bri:
to the attention oi this Bureau promptly any information
concerning racial incidents.
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'1:ROI z L. B. Nichols
-@111
ln connection with the visit oi Ihurgoodqderehnu to
the Bureau shortly aiter his arrival in Washington at 12:30 p. tn. ,
Thursday noon. there is attached a summary concerning communist
infiltration of the NAACP prepared by the Domestic Intelligence Div
Depending upon how the conference develops. ii Mar:
seeking information he will be referred to . i
indicates an honest desire to take steps to combat the communists,
we can tell him about the National Negro Commission set up unde
-Z and point out to him that he might start making inquiries as t
poop have been contacted 1:- that he might make an e££ort I s been hO1d.|.JJ secret conferences with my of thn
leaders and that e should carefully study the demands of the "Daily
end deliberately tr-,' to present reielutioni which would dier from ito obsewiwhore the opposition will come from.
Enclosure VF 9/
cc - Mr. Belmont
9? _I la Q,-a A,°..4.4.J'I-e.-s.- ,.,__.,B Q. -
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..::T.-mgr1°34-J"'.'"'7?" "" 1/9/$6 a
THUBGOOD "MARSHALL
INFORMATION OONCERIIIN G
his is to record that on the afternoon ofSupervisor of the Civil Rights Unit vent to the __ __-igstaurant r unoh.""g£on entering "the re§_tQ._1irs.nt he waso served by Hr. A. Nbdwell, Chief oi theeivil RightsSection, Criminal bivis n who called for- to joinhim which he did. After they had been eating for some time
Caldwell observed Hr. Thurgood Marshall of the National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People who had
entered the restaurant. Caldwell, being acquainted vith
l~!a_:-shall, invited him to the table and Marshall accepted t1:
invitation. Marshall pa:-took of a cup oi coffee while
an ell finished their meals. Caldwell do uced&as being with the FBI and in charge oi
the Civil Rights Unit.
" During the course of the conversation I-Ir. Marshal
- _adr1sed Caldwell that a conference would be held in '
Ja§__hington on the kth and 5th oi 1-larch by the National
Association for the Advancement oi Colored People.He -jtated that a resolution would probably be JETDPDSBGwhch would be critical to the Department of stice.Me d that he suspected probablyJ to tho 3* -- s e e o ow cu o d represent
but that he,_, obably would be as c to find somebranch oi the National? Association tor the Advancement ,
oi, Colored People to list him as 1 delegate. He stated
that_is very outspoken and would undoubtedlybl!-hi up some resolution criticizing the Department ct 92_.. v
Just cc. Caldwell advised Marshall that he beIieved'
there would be some action by the Department prior to
rch ll-., 1956. In his remarks, Mr Marshall-indicatedM M M ==»»=m1= l>'7<>Ii - t-~*£"3-'-='= -- __ Q . c_ '-@282?» no was 141956cc -- 1 - II2._Iég%1ols '
.|-Q
4%TUTQL. P. Q2 l
. igig-- I
_1 |
D
-
Memorandum to Mr. Rosen
QQTQON:
The above is for your information. Caldwell
undoubteolv was reierrine to the f Department _ __g -- ___ _act that toe
plans to make a release regarding the filing of a criminal
information in the Bolivar County Mound Bayou! vote
case in which a criminal information will be filed against
11 members of the County Democratic Executive Committee
for alleged discrimination against Negro voters.
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-t 92 92
Q e 5, I, February
A ' ' cc - an-. emu__ ' " J h ' "92e Ir.Be1lon:
ZZ:_casmnsr nrnmunon or rm: Cnnosn. sssocnnon ma ms mnncmnn
or ccmoun norm sue?!
This lcsorandmn concerning the NAACP is being prepsrequest of Ir. Iichole who has an egpointnent with Thu:-E01?]@5_'g3_=,;_counsel of the NAACP on Fe ruary 9, 1956.n* £¢'"g'l ..¢.<.-,,._....-- .1/../, t .-~ . I1 I-"fr
A smlnary Ill randun din Marshall was p pareDecember 15, 1950. :12?-shell hisgigen §p ¢;£jm
associated with Communist Inont organisations in the l9LD'eNational Lawyers Guild and International Jllridicel Aseociati- t least 1255,. Far-shell, according to House Committee
-American Activities I-ICUA! and public source records use
Both lzganis-ations have been cited as Communist fronts by th
lithe neither has been cited by the Attorney General pure
to Executive Order 1Oh$0.
The HZUA in a l9l..L report listed Marshall as e nati
comittessnn of the International aluridical Association. Th
in a report dated S tuber 17, 1950, listed Marshall as he|?ga.:d nnl;e:..o.t _th_s..Eeti_on_al_3,a1_cyer_s_ guild as or December T9
. Q1 -
aaauil
' av
.'1'hJ_2IAaCP was incorporated in the State of New York
and the Its sin ct the organisation has been to secure fueitiaen-ship ts for the Regroee 3 legal and other recoinethical lath s and it-say by gorous protestation o
' The current paid aelbership oi the NAACP on e nstio
ii; is slightly user 250,003. There is s delinquent nenbeQmnmtely the sue figure which is not included in Iro because 1:! .1 ;-; in fees and dues. _ . ¥ u 74
-4 hi IIIII M
_ 1- ,1'here are approxhntely 1,200 branches thro ut Aand Aladbe-glere are in addition appnoxinatel U 'and weptere. T6-I175-1161 retert cal
Membership ttee NAACP, 11-23-55.!. rgy _ _ I . Bcan 02 Q ' Noam as rza 24 1955
_' ' *92§AJ-eiilé U11 URL?I if -'1. - I- 5_'_92_
T QECOIDED
' .'. D
I*91 '4Inorandun for Mr Belmont 1"
'~"'l- ition of IMO? Re Oogzmiam
The RMCP at ite Forty-tirat ational Convention held- Bolton, June, l95O vent on record ea opgoeing Col-uniem and= empowered ite Board of Directors to revo e the charter of any
chapter found to he Coenuniet controlled. 1-317659?!
at the !'orty-eixth annual Convention of the NAACP held
Atlantic City, New Jersey, in June, 1955, the NAACP reaffiz-nod92 its regection oi Oommmien ae an antidemocratic lay of life andtom o Goverment. Q61-31761161! . Q
£.¢m~¥11=2..P=rLz bn= 197
There ie lieted below a muaher of examples of the rele
_ - of the O-oanuniet Party in attenpti to infiltrate and inrluenc; HMO? ea extracted tron the offici line of the Comuniet Partzgpearing in "Political Affairs," the monthly theoretical orfan. .. e Gonlnuniet Party. On page J.2 of the December, 1955, edit on
Political affairs, an art cle appeared in regard to the-
Thie article referred to the arrogant attacks now hein
- egeinat the NAACP throughout the South. e article eteted, '8
reaction ie in deadly erneet. Therefore nothing ehort of the.-.»1m.. fight to defend and eafeguerd =5. rmcr will u. euttic
etay the hand of reaction on this front."
In the cane article it ie etated, The firat teak of I
in reepect to the Till movement ie to exert our maxim: influen
in turthering the £i2hti_n_e nnity oi the Neg-0 people. But in oto play a leading role in this connection, I-iarxiete and Left to
aunt he in thie movement, e part oi the neee organieatione thatare leading it and atrengthen their tiee with it in all
This article was written I a lenher
the Steering Committee oi the Ratio egro ea on of the
cOi92m1't
_ The January, l956, ieeue oi "Political Lfi'aire," on pa|
contains a etatenent that, "It ii T-:uT|e, indie, that ii _ .- ithe heroic leadership which the HMO? ie giving to thie hi-1'1' struggle in the heart-lend of Dixiecrat raciQ. The lied! in t
Sout ie leading a etruggle against an implacable and ruthleae
which ie in rebellion againlt the Oonetitution and Ihlth doee I
- hesitate to kidnap, lynch, cripple and aeeaeeinate. We nuat avA the mug? 111 the gtrugalg with every ounce at energy at our dilQ.
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Inaorandtm for Er. Belmont
lhie etateaent appeared in an article written by Max Wei
ia preeently a neaber or the Rational Leaderehip or the
M. ml
In regard to Negro workers in the labor moveme
etateaent also appears on page 58 of this ieeue of 'Poli
Affair!" that the influence of the NAACP can be brought
bear In the problems facing the trade-union noveent.
in pointed out that the aignificance of the programs add
by the I110? have been the aubject of clone scrutiny byOonauniat Party. This ie eetabliehed by the analieia or
the eas? Convention of June, 1953, which was ana yzed
in the Iovenber, 1953, iaeue of "Political Affairs."
In this article it was atated that "the NAACP
ie increaaingly becoming a co-ordinating center for all
najor organisations anon; the Negro people ....' Also,
i... the Iational aaeociation for the advancement of
%lc:-td Pat}.-t r-taint the mat iapc:-tant He,-rc 0:-gar. -
bdicated to the tight for Iiegro equality."
In View of the concentrated effbrt by the
Ooennmiat Party to infiltrate the NAACP, the Bureau, ein
?ebrir7, 195%, hie been ineeetijiting the Coninniet
infiltration into thin organisation.
Ow inveetigation has ehown that the Communist
Party, while having acne encceae in infiltrating local _
hranchee of the organization, has been unable to control
or doninate the I110? on a national or etate level.
f
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- . _92 J . _ I92 _.
-*.4.5% '-ow
3*
or
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Memorandum to Hr. Belmont
_ _ _Li_sted below_a_re some specific_e;a.aplea of
taken by CP leaders and/or members to infiltrate or 1
state and local branches of the NAACP.
these examples do not constitute the total
lade by the CP into the NAACP to obtain same would Ilengthy file review! but aerely serve to mtray thethat the CP has placed on a successful iltratioa
NAACP. -bib!
a too level informant of the ChiOffice, mt during the NationalConference held ork City 12/3 through 5/ 55 a1
by CP delegations from 32 states e commission was es1to discuss preparations for what the CP terns the "H:on Washington.
The birch on Washington" actually refers 1leadership conference on civil rights which will be I
Uashington on I-hrch 1+ through 6, 956, under the spol
aIe§ I'M; IIIIFB gall Q I9292III|9292l|IIe Inf I92aII92I92l92'lI§"I92Q .l921lQQr92'|Olf|I92n1'1 W ml Y - llm Y§ U1. TQ I111
?Iav1.ea thatof the Nation Negro Commission e , , *
the lain re ort at the meetin of the commission. P I
said that the CP lust sustain the main demands of th1ItiEpOI"l;Oi's of the "lhroh on Washington" and the CP s1no ilise its forces up to and during the time set fo:
"lhrch on Washington.
iietional fiinctionaries of the Ci- ll ii'ii
of trips into various CP districts to check on the an
and every district board commission and department o:
CP lust place this mobilisation on its agenda.
the CP will attempt to find out which ores:
are assisting the NAACP and the Ihited Automobile, A;
end Agricultural Ilplenent Workers of America, a per
group in the "1-hrch on Uashington end influence theg
organizations to send their own delegates on a loca.All trade-unions, the NAACP, other less Negro organi:end some larger white groups will be consi ered as o:
of concentration by the CF.
-11-- -
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The Ieuee Committee en Ii-Jlerieln Jettuittee
in Ste report dated September 115 1950, Itetedflu:-geed Ierelell ee Izeeetiee herd nenber ef the 92
Iiiie 1 ldupere Guild ee Iaf eeeuber, 1949.z:%O-7321-516, page 18
fie Jbregelng in/eraattee in firnteled de the
reeelt qf'e reqeeet fer en PIE file check eel; and ie set
to be eeaetdered ee e gleerence er aencleerunee ef the
individual i 1ave wed. It te for [ear eenfideaiiei nee
eal end 1 1 e not to be dieeeninoted euteide If IOU?
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The Intionol I-aepero Guild hoe
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to orguntee an I410! Chapter at the Fntoeraity of feeaoand that certain indioidnalo Iho folleeed the Colnaniot bPorto ltno core trying to got control of tt 9contacted fhargoed Iarehal who oatd that if any o co
of an Id.-It? Chapter tore held by a Colnnniat, the char-tor
of that Chapter aoeld to ntthdraun. mo_3_40_n8!
f 1£fI:g Jtar, '9 I611; neenpaper,
anhlagjgg, on, braar . J948,_|.1:1aI-nd._anlg entT?lT5:"'Loyaltg oi-'.;|-3-= lit By lone loe for Thought Control. Into article gglected
h11g_f_o__r:_I_3____l_q_¢__§e.e1Lhe.ld..an -February ll,4D48,
r the a_!_o_g§ce_a of §__l0 |l.!.U.lIL.i8IJo.r.L_Ql,U.¢._.1!..i.ilJettona Pi-eoo 'liildIig"3i7itorinn. fhargood Iarohell,
lpecial donnoel of the Ietional looociation for the
ldeaneeaent of I-'olored People nae one of the epoetero.Io Ian encted eo oaptnp the hale principle behind theI-eyalt Order to had and it ahaald be attacked froa that
roll» a2-a22rs-1, "Iaohington Star, " 2/12/4a!
been cited no
a tonanniot front kg the lonoe Connittee on Un-lnorican
Actioitiee in tto l9 report, page 149.
- / rho Senate Judiciary onnittee hold publicJ7 hoartngo on lngnot 9, 10 and ll, 1949, on the noninctton
of fen Clark to the Sapreae Coort. fhe Qotrnan of the
Connittee introduced tato the record the following
letter addreooed to Robert J. lilbereteta, leecetice5:2;-ota_r| ef=the Ietional laeyoro Gntld, dated laguot 2,
I
"Dear lob:
"1 have received [oer aenornndnl ofJal; 89, l949, concerning the anpointnontof on t-lark to the United Stateo Sup:-one
c.F.a ' ' '
"1 an oppeoed to an iatenoioa Galldccnpatgn to the rejection o the noninaticn
of fol are. 0n Jule I9, oent the
following tologran to Attorney General flarh
Oar oinceroet congretaletiono, etc.
I
/a/ nrgood IarohallGenernl Coanoel for tho6U
I116?"
- 8 - 00-1-a21-24c, pg 10!
E118
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mutated thatnhad Indicatedthat Ian u Jul lbcr of the ationc auciatin for
lduaannnt 0{_ -:10:-ad P - 0 and the Ihturnttoul Jar-tdical
lnociotich and the t_ noted to think that I hall
Uh! 50'" Justin h rn 4 0 a - we nu I tor
IO . u at the
lotion ' u 0 of Iuntctpa - Off cor: no 0 pu-vice
-lrgcntlctill far various city attorneys and corporation ensue
{Ir ticl thrlughout the country. ' .th IIf I
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Ihen cduieed of the Director: absence
Ir. Icrehall declined to epeak to an Jeeietant
and requested that the Director return the call.
Ir. Nichole hoe been ddvieed and indicated that
he would return the call to Hr. Harehcll if the
Director wanted him to do ac.
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rude iicatic , Inc.
C05 Ellington Avenue
Iele Ycrl 1?, lee fart
"mi
Your kind note of June 24, 1955, withenclaeure, has been received, and I appreciate yourihcngltfulnece in call inp to my attention the etatc-nent Inicn appeared in gine 18 ieeue cf "Life,"indicating that ur cc renal! called the FBI
in Iaehingicn but Fauna ¥Ii?"lJJ1'li 1 dc cee . You were certainly correct in believing that thin nag, = 'an errcr, for III Headquarters in open iueney-fqgv-Fhcure a day. '3 '
lien mm»: regarde, '3 .3 __
Sincerely pcure, 2'? Hf 4
E;I-13¢-sax if.-.-"=!' '3 '5
_ "" I011: Correspondent: enciceure was taken frcnghe-..-_:.: June 18, 1965, ieeue cf "'Life"nagaeine which cyritairgbed' ""' an article entitled "Chief Gcuneel for Equality " 18% _ll-I926 cancer-ne fnurgcad liarenall, a Iegrc attcrne honly nenticn of the FBI appeared an page
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~1_... 'TIIUIGBOD IIISHILL ens-moss 92
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grit New York staneverhnowswh
a ce argument or pass
less little-boy joviality amass manythey realize that without it he might
[res-sure of the last decide. In his
over the switchboard while the optramt delight when callers are surprised ch
' so suddenly. He loves to tease his secretanes. is al-
most no cowboy extant which he has not seen and he has
often left his chief secretary. Alice Stovsll. standing in the mid-
dle of a railroad station while he has gone oi to take in anotherWestern. Last fall, when his Harlem neighbor, Ballglsyer Willie
Hays. won the National league batting champions 'p, Marshall
gave Willie an orange juice and milk "cocktail" party in the
ootncl: dnagtore. e
Able to relax with absolutely everyone, janitor or Supreme Court
Justice. Marshall makes himself popular wherever he goes. "I92-e
been all over the country with Thurgood," remarks Professor James
Nahrit of Howard. "and I've never known any situation where
after two or three days he was not liked by the very people he was
opposing. I believe it is almost his most important contributionhetipaehiaerywhere he has me he has made frienlf: for us. s wtn.mng' ' perso ' never . t his accentdoes. His associate lawyers are rallways amntll: how his way of
talking loudly and boisterously and as much like a caricature of a
Negro as possible becomes more and more pronounced the fartherhe goes below the Mason-Dixon Line. Before the Stgtretne Court he
has no trace of a "Negro accent, hut in his o ce and amongIrieods he deliberately adopts the most vigorous, crudest prgonas a kind of resssertion of his own racial identiti. Deliberate y hid-ing his great respect for the Stipreme Court, e has commented
after successful appearances be ore the justices. "I ain't no fool
when it comes to those boys."
Marshalfs work takes him away from the _
of the courtroom. Sometimes it brings him face th danger.
In 1946 he went to Columbia, Tenn. ac-
ttempted
essoletnnitv
eused of a
[there that
Q miles ch
The
WIS
demanded, pistols bristling.
and was released. A few minutesstopped him. This time thg chargedand liquor in the car. e assured
not had a drop. an a search of the car produced noth-
so again he was allowed to proceed. A few minutes later
he was stopped for a third time. Accusing Marshall of ittnlten
driving. the ocers ordered him to get out of the car and cross the
street to the magistrate's oce. Knowing that colored peos oftenget shot "resisting arrest" in such cases. he relused to s elotfplunder police escort. This was ultimstelhiagreed to and e entirethrong entered the magistrate's oce. e rnagiIstrate.was a shortInan.' remembers Marshall. "and I put my hart on his shouldersand rocked hack and forth. breathing just as hard as I could Il'IlUthat tnans face." This was enough to convince the magztrate of
Marshall's sobriety. "I really hadn't had anything to nL. but
after leaving there we drove to Naahville_ and then. hoy. l rectify
wanted a drink." _ _-_ ___
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"""""" A lyscllsg amtll
_AIIL"IIaI'I' - Ia as a no --92l'LDI'U92.Ll..- oeeasionauy puns otner ivegroes out or danger withM the same quiclt thinking. One night while playing PlhOCl'Ilt:
with some friends in New York. he received a long-distance honeoall from a friend somewhere in the South advising Marshall that
a lynchi was about to get under way. Haaiil Marshal] put a callin to thil-"BI i But-&ef55d had c1osed."'He triedHie next 5'es_i'th|ng; be ut in a person-to~per'§o?T'ca1l _t_o'_Tp?>r-tan! _la92wyer-politician of the state where the trouble wa.s-a man
with a strong anti-N 0 bias. Marshall pointed out that with anelection coming up, 3: politician could ill aord the notoriety of
a iynehirig. The iiaie poiice were caiied out and the iyneiiing was
narrowly averted.
After the Supreme Court hearings last April, Marshall's ata
had been in a state of suspended animation, waiting for the im-pilementix decision. Marshall himself kept going. but with a dif-erence. '5 wife, to whom he had been married 26 years, died
last February. The Hanhalls had been devoted to each other, and
%I'l'IllUID OI PIG! Ill
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PARADE PUBLICATION. Ina.
as mnxarox nrnwz
nmr roux 11. xx.
June 211, 1955
Bi:' Z1
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Beading the attaehed reminded me of the very long
and pleasant association we had with an work Winn xv.I_E2._° " "'1° " @" '° Q
Ilnybe Marshall was right but I un
in Uaehingtcxn was never closed.
[EN
llr. J . Edgar Hooverl-I] Federal Bureau of Investigation
Uanbingtun, D. C-
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aawa':"= "''11!"doing the writing.
derst-and the FBIa
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1Hr.
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Mr
HrHr. T~|enn..
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Hr. Pa:-#~m
Boson-Hr.
Hr. I::r.m_
Hr.
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1970
a Jtl 6 1955
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this informant alooladviood ¢ h.at tGP oction with its ozp oitation gro quthoiaoo, got cotoro, aa vol]. as its work within t
NAACP attnptod to oxpand tho original purpooo of the
oonforonco or "larch on Haoh.ington" and to giro it a nand In-oadar charactor by bringing into gonoorohip or
ondoroonont othor "nan organizations" us gonorally
guiding and oganding tho original .'Q92-E90!!! of tho
oonforonco. Ace ou oodod thro h CP oo 1in NAACP ..- 5% -- - or a'1I:a"!!5no I3 aim
I-I=?*'I-F-171" - o 1- con oronc . . c -
to A -I-Qt-|" -
' l D IfGh._o_1~_o; 4;; o- -__.._,_.. 125...- ...- ...=:i.-ecip-dologation in tho curront Ooagoos, at cotora. in nho
according to this informant t is boing dono now inroforonco to tho conforonco in Doing dono to a Foot
oxtmt by GP. pooplo in NAACP and non-Party poop o in" "" "'" :.-=-.%i1y or ii'i16I'.'i.i1y is-o cor?-:ri.ni tho
o Civil Rights Program of tho CP undor tho
A roliablo
ffico adviaod on
had boon in contact vi
Or anisor for tho NAACP.#1-ogardind as and indicatod hoor o an arti o for Political Affiars" on tho informho rocoivod concorning llogration in tho South. 19.76
indicatod ho had boon in contact
of tho NAACP in Port Worth, Iona.
a roliablo informant in Houston
blof tho kl
I .
Informant fmrthor
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I7C.-. hlorandun for Fe llllont
the loin concentration point for the
legro nattero io the IMCP. The conunie'
oupport of the Illohingtcn deaonetratione of
I-ll ll-10.? ie urging trade-union oupport for the I116!-'.
rurthor, the couuniet party line non ie to forget "left"
Iegro organiectione aehich hae ccueed coneitierable difference.
of opinion along couuniet Jlartg nenbero in you fort and
leavee "left" Iogro leaniero ioolated ae they will not he
accepted into organieatione ouch ao the I440!. -
00-3-75-1 070!{arty
1An aaonpouo oouroe of the Seattle qffice on
-' neoenber 2, 1968, furniehed a document captioned "current
" concentration hoe Ieeueo in the Held of Straggle for [goal
lighte for the Iegro People," promulgated by the Iational
Adniniotratiue Committee, Gouuniet Flirty, M4.
rhie document etotee that the primary organieationa
through Ihioh concentration ioouee ehoulci be given nazinn
development are; Iegra people'e organieotione, the IAN-P,the like, et cetera. -
00.3-rs-1 003!
il rol iohle inf
ee
on a neetitotod acethe conunie
i oeiag oirried on hi the Eiih
IIIIII for e Igro people in the South. '
00-3-75-l O59!
ilvornant of le In Fran
e igfernatien arivioed
1 confident iol c
lelbore in the
rranoiooo chapter of the IMCP, he of oheo are Ihito I-I
one a Iegro.00-8-76-1046! 5
IME sliee-||J NOT bl fur-e92.n..ilI¢.e"Z
any
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' andate1000.1
é I oo-a-rs-1 001 ! L1,
U I oaqftdentid tnfarnant of the Blgffale qfftce Ila
hae rniel ble 1 ernatten aduteed that en Jbnuar
--1! -v v1980, an active caumiet party member and anIafftaer an ! peard Q net utth ' we vrliie I-vrnvv vuwll8 an eaueeed 0 I140? beard neettn uh! A ad If jut attended in pqffale. 9 c .h
gqffale air-tel Jamsaru 11, 1956, aaptned "coetn1.n4apterns! Security - 0. _!
OI January 80, 1986 a reliable tnferaant e theGhiaaga mm uvuee an ' an
I118! - GP ab tn mtaage, Me een aeetgned u e ceuun
!!rtg ta per! git»!!! Q! ELM! $.15 £'e!!a-age; -| an:aage atrtel Jllmlarz 31, nae, captioned Gestalt! near, Ilalritl r 0. ! '
'
V flat thie leneraudun be referred te M. Iiahele
lie info rnatlea.
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Oca Memorandum - UNITED sums Govsa
'.-,-
Hr. Bose
VP
.= 1' 9 N.C7I" ' nu-. P1-ieea-92P
cnnmn. cotmsm.
lwnolm. assocnnou 11-on rm
ADVANCEMENT or COLORED PEOPLE- NAACP!
The Director had inquired if we could identify
csse nhich hed heen mentioned by }-ir. Thnrgood her-shall -.-a
he was talking to Hr. Nichols and Mr. Rosen at the BureaFebruary 9, 1956. Marshall had stated tha
staff employee for the Rational Association or va
Colored People in Birmingham, Alabama, had made some com
which Marshall thought were unjustified but mentioned th
case had occurred in Florida, south of Miami, and a Negr
woman had been beaten up by the police. an Agent report
went to find the witness and asked a police officer if h
knew the witness and the officer offered to point out wh
the witness lived. According to Marshall this officer w
the minds of the colored people a bad olic officer andcolored people clammed up. _,:,:,,,.__.___5a
r |:- --~-.;_~ -mun §_§§ TSupervisorof the M am Office l
contacted by Mr. Rosen :3-+ p.n.,- on February 13, l9
and asked to identify, if possible, such a case. Superv
if the 244% Office telephonically advised on thafternoon of February 13, 1956, that he had talked with
Agents handling Civil Rights natters'l'and had reviewed fi
but had been unable to iden uch case in the Hiduring the pest year. S1 advised that S1
is prese on extended sick leave and that he wou cwith S1 in a further effort to identify the matter
Supervisors in the Civil Rights Unit are unable to recal
personally any case in the Miami area 'inq_h..e_s mentioned
by Mr. Marshall. .¢!_r5,_ at-ml, - L;_-_
. _ I-and all other Agents. '.. H s/_
.;2AE Dl!92.'.._-
- E. B I
41
' '.! '!
iii
S3121:
',ed on the television prog;a;n,..!'-Youth Wants to. the '
jean the moderator.Nlemorandum - tmrrso sures eovnanmnn
- ian-. n1'=h1=14{" §" 5-21-56 ' MM. ayes. ' ,4;-w"/it? 7C
'!.I.Ié.l'-Iiiililvis-Al-l|._
srncmn oounsn, mmomu.
memos:-.-srrr or com:-ten amen: K I
TELEVISION APPEARANCE, MAY N, 1956
_; Thurgood Marshall, Special Counsel for the
Knownal Broadcasting Network yesterday afternoon. ,
'7' '1 L:e_n.ewez'toq.ie%aput.nan-92n1
iuu.ng§m-s,- Marshall stated um he telt that F A n-I
P did represem
_ AAC"the? feelings of the Nepo people although their membership was only406,000. Be added that he felt that all restrictions on segregation
would be removed by law by 1963.
At the conclusion of the program, Marshall made refer
to the Justice Department when he first answered a question regardinq
support received by the Justice in the present '§
in connection with Civil Rights and integration. Marshall replied that
Attorney General in the present administration, like the Attorney Gen
in preceding administrations, is tied down by the present Federal Civ
Rights Statutes. He added that the Republican and Democratic admin
alike have moved as quickly as they could "under the existing statutes
Another panel member stated that the House Committe|
|Un-American Activities econ! had stated um am of the organizers
NAACP arpeared on lists held mbversive by that Committee. Marsh:
replied that there was hardly any liberal nit listed by the "Old Dies C1
and that the only list which he considered authentic was the Attorney Gm. I ?.',..
Marshall advocated passive resilanoe as eremplifiedt
recent Montgomery, Alabama, bus situation as the bl method of ope
in the South because the NAACP absolutely refuses to utilize force reg
Ilofthe force applied against the liegrobythe ites inthe e:
:Mr. 233% JUNIB 1955 NAACP was surprised by thmmment and conditions of the MontglCC llrliichol tr past:-z4L.~-A /'¢ . Qcc-in-. Boardman , 0»-, ._ H
CC Mr. " ~ ' _.._ 5171
an1
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Jones to Nichols Memo 5-21-5
situation and he referred to it as a'g1-ass roots upheaval" with which
the NAACP had nothing to do. In regard to the present political camMarshall denied that there was any such thing as a "Negro vote" but
that the Reg;-ewe sheet-'1 are;-rert. the per-ty e*tt.h the we Civil Rigme 3
He stated that unless the Democrats produce more in the Civ-L1 Right:|Negroes might go Republi can.
In regard to White Citizens Council, WCC! he said th
represented a threat to the Government as a I__rho1e and that like the I
Klux Klan, these Councils were a threat to the economic growth ot tt
Bouth and that tn addition they controlled the state leglslahnes in Mi:
and élatwma "ad that their meta reeenn for eeistence was tn cut wemembership and the ow of funds to the NAACP.
13-E°9m!EN94'1'1°1?.=
For information /
I
D
47/
-w. -e U _!
Ojce 192/Iemonmdum - unrrso sures oovsnumnur
, llr. Tolson I/ls/56
1: t 1,, 3, mmw /7,12:
rt B75 Is-|
T1.
M me from New York on ,,6/15/56. He is to make a keynote address at the Annual Convention
of the NAACP GI 'I92esday, B/28/56. He is leaving New York on
Thursday, 0/20/56. He thinks that he conld do some good if in thecourseoihls remarkshecouldagainmakethep-ointthatthe commare seeking to capitalize through inltrating Negro organizations and tl
they are attempting to make points out oi discriminatory matters and he
thought that ii there were some general items as to what the communists
are doing, their stepped up organization and their line, that this could be
usedtogoodadvantage. He statedthatnoonewouldknow wherehegot
the iniornmtionandhewonderediilcouldbe oianyhelptobim. Itoldhin
that I did not know; that I would look around and would call him next week.
Itbinkthatitmightbetoouradvantagetogivehimalittleguidance ii we can on the basis oi public source and well documented
material. It is suggested that the Domestic Intelligence Division seewhat
info ation is readily available which I will need by Tuesday, 6/19/ 56.
cc-ll.r.Boardman / Mr. Belmont
mu.
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nlqhonuchdrhdd I Dnllulnrto quad!pnllngclvllactlnnnbnrlll, lncandlulln. ll . gInllngtn Ildl $10, rulcrrod Ca.l:Ivoll'a hhrlatln to luau
Culdvdl lhtol1'h|-gnndlu-lbnll, eonnltorllalpnl
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cantata! uel and Instructed that u-good Install In , %Iatorvilvnd tor all hm and tlltal to lbutlty IICIIIIBI Q I701!
it: If. Icllt _ M mam
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- I26 OUARANTY lam: lu||,pmg
DUIVIR I. COLORADO
=g_
December h, 1956
Ir. J. Edgar Hoover, Director
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Department of Justice
Iaehington, D. C.
Dear Ir. Hoover:
I aha are preparing a character report onThu:-good ax-shall, whose history is attachedr 92
!9/<3
B-.
If your office has ay Tnfordation which can
be msde available to the New York Character Committee
with the understanding that it will be for the confi-A ldential use, we should like very much to have it.
. - . 5? Yours sincerely,
' X? he
Q
~*f;l92921970
II
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Ln! Study:
Lditted to the her
LII Prentice
liploynenta
I-
Preeent eddreee:92
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Jul; 2, 1908 - Baltimore, IeryllLinooin oivereitg, re. Q '
leptelber 1925 - ehruery 1930 l.B.
Howard Univereity
September 1930 - June 1933 LL.B.
of Ierylend Uotober 11, 19;; '
October 1933 - October 1935
iriieio ieaeril irioiioi
h E. Ste, Bl!-G1-IGPO, Id.
Oetobor 1935 - Oetober 1936
Oenerel preotioe; pertnerehip with
Ieroer T. louian
h E. Rodoood St», Beltiloro, Id.
Oetober 1936 - Deoenber 1939
?rivita ariotioo troi roaieaaoo andBgeoiel work for IAAOP
1 38 Druid H111 Ave., Beltinore, Id.
October 1936 - Proeent
Speoiel oouneelIetione1 L;lO0- for the Advenooment of Colored
F op e given §.-1¢-==- in Beltimore et 1838 Druid
£11 ave. == Qeooaber 19393 sine: Qhen at$09 Edgeooobe Ave., lei York, I. Y.!
Preeent ottioe eddreee--
107 wee: h3d s:., low Yuri, I. I.
hO9 Edgeoonbe Ave., lei Ygrk, N. Y.
Applying tor ednieeion to the her or let York
1. -1-6% g
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.
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92921 !
,___,_"_- p _;.1i|lZ, L97<:;/
Oice Memorandum - UNITED sures covnrmms
so = ma. 1.. r ¢& .35.-me De
ton = 4. 2. armour fr] '
---- . 92a"
_, 0-
ausncr. rsunoooo muzsmu.
' The Bureau has received a letter
llotional C_. 12/4/so fro: .
*0 ! - _-....::§::¢:,. *°° ° " =-~95--""'?f'.ean n , enver, o oro o, o requested any available informa
tion concerning Thurgood lbrshall, Special Counsel, for the
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People MLAGconnection with his applicatiop for admission to the'Bar of New J
The Bureau has not'7nvestig'ated~Iarshall. Our files Apublic source information reflecting both derogatory and javorabi
concerning hie. Spec ioally, lhrshall has been affiliated withInternational Juridicigl Association, as national comnitteenan it
and with the Iational Lawyers Guild as a speaker in 1948 and ere:
board nenber in 1949. Both organisations are cited by the Rouse
on Uh-Anerican Activities. as was also a sponsor in 1944 of the
Federation for Constitutional Liberties, designated by the Attorv
On octeber 35, l9é3, yerehell received e cheek for $2e?.?e fro:
lenjoain J; Davis, Jr., to help Jight "Jin Cree." Davis is one 1
national leaders of the Comnunist Party, BEA, who were convicted
October, 1949, in Isa York of conspiracy for advocating the overithe 9.8. Government by fcrce and vio1enoe.4Y0ther public source 1
indicated ' at since June, 1943, Marshall has publicly criticise:
condenned U41 subversive organisations, the Conmunist Party and 1
itself. Be has warned the Iegroes against connunist infiltration
their groups. As recently as June, 1956, Marshall in his keynote
before the QQACP national convention at Ban Francisco, California
June 96 to July 2, 1956, warned the Association's membership agai
connunisn and the Connunist Party. at urged the Association to-o
resolutions acting it clear that the E118? was strongly opposed 1
nunism, which the Association did. lnrshall has long advocated 1
"known comnunists will be a nenber of the IHJCT. 2-86660-5; 61605; 6/28/36 issues "San Francisco Bulletin" and'Emn lranpisco is
61-.9176-4! 1. _;'__U______,_
In the past the Bureau has followed the policy with th
the Attorney Central! of cooperating with the ctional Conjere
r lcaninere rnishin it public source and lead data for th6 "H3959 54 / = "'/33
7c/. m."1 -'ur. Beligzt ,, 5-3-. Z3
1 - Section tickler1 - Hr. Young ___...
Enclosure
82-86660
,._.. ..- _-.._..___.-.-.-.........--..-...---.-_ ..._.--vr-~-----r-'-P <'
I j_!
i
' f; Isnoranaua for Hr. BoardnanI 80: iurgood Iarshall
I and assistance in passing upon the personal qualifications of ap' {or admission to the Bar. Eoloeusr, in this particular case, ali
ufilss I-aflcct both favorable and unfavorable public source inj
-ccncsrning Earshall, it is believed advisable en.-is in craer to c
b r 1 the Bureau should o Q oss s curs criticism and on a rassnen ,
that we have not investigated Marshall. Hr. Nichol
with this. Aocor i a letter is at-cached instructing the SA
Denver to advise hat ms have not investigated liars
=
If you approve, the at-cached letter will be sent to ti:
I _ .
r 0
"92
I
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r'w92
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An of the mornlig-of June 1"!-._there have been no
mrm it ooniacta with iiars 1, but Er. iiichois
advise: Illrlhall will be furnished with public
source information.' -r L _ -
7 7 '==.1-1+; ~~7 ' _ -I~_ --.- .-__,__ __,_
_ Hm _ _ __ ___ __, H d_____ H . .....,,_4,. ..F.~_........_.F-I-A.--_..-...,-.- ._.. - > .-_ .. "-
M0, leaner
Dir~¢~ - eeeer III 88-88660!.$ usnonzn-54
rnmoan numu. 9; __? 1.9...
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5&9. In-ecu he Pecetped e Jetter g;_
Ieetenel Gee e e 1 is
lienature, SIG Gnu-an e ending, lleneer, I-'91 -age, .5,
reqeeeeed any eeetleble iefernctten eeneening fhergoed Ier-IMIJepeetei eouaeel fer the Iaetenel Aeeoeteea fer the AdeaneeaeniDeeeaber 1F J
L? °'
Q as/4,/-.-=5 fre:-.
renee of lar-
ef Cele!-ed Peeple IMCP!, ta eeauueetten nth Me 6pp.Il¢OHOIfer edeteeiee to the ler ef In York.
eeheuledge the receipt e! her letter. end edetee her em fee ere teen-acted te per-easily ceneece
In-eel he cendected ie iiveegcttefeencerninileeehel F"
- ""' 197 Couer neao Belmont to Boar 12/18/56,
Re: Thurgood Ila:-shall,
C1
un-
en-
r»P-92..|
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L_ -I---V -r" ..- .- 7., @-ne! _ :4-n ma. e-:0-.m. -' ', Federal Bureau a . ..., an
. Records Bra:m:h
1 " -' - ' .1ass
' _ Name Cheat Unit - Roam 5523 I9 " Service Unit - Ream 5524 - '
Forward to F110 Review -,-J-
Attention
Return ta
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' Main i.___..._ Reierenaen Only
I of Search Requested:
Restricted to Locality ofExact Name Onlt E011 the Naee! _' uildup Variation: '
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§@1ect 7* 4 W T ,
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Localities
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Re Burcmz letter dated December 19, 195.!.
.|.n compliance therewith,qiiational Conference or Bar E::a:;.1iners, Denver, -raspersona 13' contacted on December 31, 1950 and advised thatthe Bureau has conducted no investigation concernin.1_; ILARSHALJ
- C ..
1D- Bureaui - Denver
L7¢~ 5
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IOIPA DELETED PAGE INFOIIIATION HISTIIZDBIAL IUIEAU OI-' lN92"Bl'IGAl'l0l'~l
_l__Pla0 8! withheld entirety at this location in the file. One or more I B followingiiieirients, wnere Indicated, eapiain this deletion. e _
-i.=e$"bt$o==-vsremcleenueeniri ' indi tdbel wttaae bl '1 nibble for mu mayo . o e exemptions ca e ow qraga e rnatenat
B160! El texvxm Dt'd! S!
El 00! D t>X?! B! El UX2!
D bit?-! El bX7! C! D mu!
T U bl! D! El lt}l
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s is s U b!! F! D -k!!
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El b! $! El b!<9! El we!
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E] information pertained only to a third party with no reference to the subject of your
request
U Information pertained only to a third party. The subject of your request is listed in the
title only.
U Documents originated with another Government agency ies!. These documents were referred
to that agencyes! for review and direct response to you.
Pages contain information furnished by another Government agency ies!. You will be
advised by the FBI as to the releasability of this information following our consultation
with the other agencyes!.
Page s! withheld inasmuch as a final release determination has not been inadel Yon will be
advised as to the disposition at a later date.
' Pages were not considered for release as they are duplicative of _ m___e_
-@'For your information: __ __ _ *___ e __:_ e _
mv" fOllowin sed for reference regarding these legal:
_ s -I-IQW, e , L he e e