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it -ol curtains waved through broken and shat-
tered windows. Then l saw it.. I I
ON THE EAST SIDE of the church were pre-
viously had been a doorway and stairs lead-
ing to it was new an opening large enough to
drive a big truck through. What had been the
basement of the church now looked like rem-
nants of war-torn buildings I had seen in pic-
tures. The church had been bombed. The thick
cement and brick wall, symetrically and power-
fully built to last for years, now was reduced
to a mass or rubble. No floor was visible
through piles of rock and debris. A toilet
bowl was lying on top of some of the rocks
as if it had been casually oifhandedly thrown
there. Blood was all over the side walk ap-
proaches to the church and people were being
iieiped into the many ambulances which had
now arrived, "Father." one of the bystanders
said to me. "they are trying to kill all of us."
I could only agree. - '- -
A well-dressed Negro man was now pleading
with the crowd lo refrain from violence_ It
was his church that had been_ bombed. "The
police will find those responsible for this." he
said. A group or young men in ti-ie,crowd_
were loudly disagreeing with him. About then
helmetted police quietly and cautiously tried"
to move into the crowd now massed all over
the street. A patrol car slowly eased through
one section of the surging mass and someone
bounced a largestone off the lop of it. Another
followed. Other stones began to fly toward the
line of poce who did their best to dodge them.
The minister was still pleading for order. 4 _-r - ~ - .. .
MANY OF THE PEOPLE I passed were an-
xious to speak. All of them who did so spoke
respectfully and quietly. "Reverend", one man
said, isn't this terrible?" A well-dressed man
who looked like he might have been an usher
in the bombed church said. "Father, we've got
to be patient. Jensen-ce is mine saith the
Lord. We must not become violent." A young
boy with a Bible in his hand walked by cursing
loudly. _ _' .
Accidentally I bumped into a girl who was al-
ready in motion to throw a large rock toward
the police in the. middle of the street. When
she saw me she paused and then dropped the
rock when a Negro man standing nearby and
tiithtly holding on to his wife told her not to
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dressed exactly as I was who told me that dill
was the fortieth bombing in recent yell!
then be asked rhetoricatly. "How long can We
keep our people from serious retaliation? '
statement struck me immediately as hem;
very similar ts the How least Q __-_- __
long! of the oppressed people of
Old Testament. '
More police were now arriving, Fire trucks
with lights burning brightly even in the dail-
light were slowly moving toward the area.
Crowds of'people were running here and there,
some getting away from the rocks that _were
flying about. others were calling for children
or for loved ones who seemed to have been id
the church. . . .
B5 I WAS VlhLl |NG away from the ch_l1XCih,
an elderly looking gentleman approached me
and asked. Reverend, why ¢8n't the?! Batch
the ones who did such I thil Why don't they
get those who are trying to hill U5?" A shtl
time later the second question would have_bee_lstated differently for they found the bodies 0!
run; time girls who were killed by the explo-' c" - 1 - 4 'i'~ ' -...slon. - _- 3 _ . . ._.- L ' 1--_.-.1 2,
tr , _ Tu 1"-"--L" .' 1" 11 "- $1" :'s*-T " "11-,.~?i"' '0"
A LAST LOOK at the scene which was be-
coming more and more frightening by the min-
ute brought once again to my attention the
lr_irig'."' of the minister. On this Sunday
morning which had begun so quietly and con-
tinued so violently this same prayerful quel-
tion must surely haye been in the hearts EM
on the lips of many of the good people of Bil-
mingham. ' .
Binninghani - a city that is truly beautiful;
a city which glories in a history that was so
remarkable it merited for itself the title t
Magic City." Birminghamnow a name wh
epitomizes for many throughout the worlhatred and violglce and brutalitY- Bifmli
-a city whose people now. ii not in timel
past. truiy know real tear. My sincere are:-'3
as I walked away and the prayer of rnany
others who, like myself. were born in this city
and who love this city. my prayer was that the
time would not be so long before this city once
again would be known for her beauty, for her
good people. for her tranquil and peaceful wq
of lite. for charity towards all men. rather thanfor such as happened on this overcast and
tragic Sunday morning. - . '-
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FBI
Dtei 9/2%/53
Transmit the following in ,___ _.__ Type in plain text or code! i
AIRTEL ,7 _ W AIRMAIL
Priority or Method of Mailing!
TO : Director, FBI7! ,1 raw: SAC Savannah 57-502! P!
RE = §BAPs0nB1301- BING/ MATTERS
is required to secure a permit from his department.
for which eXplO$iV¬S are to be used,
used, right thumb print of applicant
be used.
A copy of this application
92 assumed that other states have similar requirements.
C¬>r Bureau- Birmingham 57-352!2 - Atlanta Q!
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l _ ,. 92lX92c"T . -This permit bears the signature of applicant,
type of detonation
and place where it
- avannah QM Q8 _ e -'__
$3Chief W. E. LAIN, Savannah Fire Department, Savannah,
Ga., advised that anyone who purchases explosives in Chatham
County, Savannah, or who brings explosives into Chatham County
purpose
to be
is to
is then forwarded to office
of State Fire Marshal, 132 State Capitol, Atlanta, Ga.
This information is being made available to Bureau,
Birmingham as OO and Atlanta in event it is considered to
have investigative potential re captioned case, it being .92
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' .- xmt 'rwanm. t~UHLF92U or mM.>T|G|:E T Mr. Casper _.ARTMENT OF JUSTI Mr. Ca1la'han___. PU. S. DE N=@M~w"'° !°"* *° ° ii: 522223;:bif bk "'l{7§ .I Mr. Evans....___
'- r. Gale.__ Mr. Rosen_, Mr. Su11ivan......_
Mr. T el
Mr
Tele. Roo!n____
Miss Holmemi
1 Miss Gandy_._._....av viW Q . Trotte:-_.i
URG T 9-263 <5-29 .1: PM £51 PP
'1 DIRECTOR, FBI AND sac, BIRMINGHAM
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ROM sac, SAVANNAH / 151-50 3/ 1P
BAPBOE-iB BM. ~
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RESVTEL FEPT. TWENTYFIVE LAST. _ _
nus: TO BR, BB, TFIS, AND NEW PROBABLE AUTOMOBILE THEFT RING
CASE, ONLY TWO ADDITIONAL KLANSMEN INTERVIEWED THIS DATE. NO
CASE. ,2
APPROXIMATELY SEUENTYI-IVE KLANSMEN REMAIN T0 BE INTERVIEUED
. Z._/ 11'»SAVANNAH nxvxszou REG.-7m /5
END , _=5 SEP271963WA 1-so PM ox FBI E WA os h % i E W
_ s A I 92 BR'.§so PM ox FBI BI-I JAL _ [pf]
DISC NTT
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INFORMATION DEVELOPED CONCERNING POSSIBLE SUSPECTS IN CAPTIONED
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FEDERAL BUREAU or INVESTIGATION MR, ..-9!.
MR. i it UNITED STRTES DEPIFITMENT OF JUSTICE
MR. CALLIHANISeptember 23, 1963 M1 =<=~»=~
' CH
The attached anonymous letter was
sent to the Director from New York,
New York. __
The note reads:EVANS
MRG.1"MR
TAV EL
MR
MR JON E5
"It is a well known fact you haveL va ._..._i
TROTTER i._____92.
rTELE. Room __....._...._
never tried to find the white people ' _ "°'~ i
mp: mm orMRI. HETCALF i
Emmet Tell was murdered you men -
by your orders have pretended to try -- "
to find the murderers. It is a disgrace
to you and your F. B. I. that ail you .._
care about is brown nosing the SOl1th9I1l__' 1- -
Senators for bigger appropriations. You; __
have the nose for it and your face shows
what you are, a big phony. " ; .
-53
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COPY: c rt
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It became the bleak duty o1 Senate Majority Leader Mans-
eld to assure the Senate on Monday that FBI Director J. Edgar
Hoover and his men are very much on_ the jobln Birmingham.
Contrary to reports in the press" aoout.the lack oi interest
or the FBI" in racist crime. Mr.-Manseld said, he Personally
had no doubt" that the FBI and its director were "'do_ing_every-thing tn their power to see that the culprits are iound and -
punished." " - , -
I am sure he is right. There n'tust,"after all, be a limit to theimmunity tram criticism that Mr. Hoover can e1ai!n."A distin-
guished performance is overdue. . _ .1 - - ~
In the past eight years, Birmingham. homes and churches
have been bombed 21 times, according to official tabulation. IIone goes back to 1947, the number ot blasts is 40. The gures
are probably an understatement. The crucial {act is that not one
oi those cases has been solved. Tin_1e and again it has beenreported that FBI agents were diligently cooperating with localpolice in an effort to nd the criminals. The record has been
total failure. . -' ' _ V -, , g , _ _ _ -_ £- U-
Perhaps this Ilme things will be different; Mr. l92Ia'nsgld's
plaintive defense reects the degree to -9292l1ich_Mr. Hoover is on
the spot. One can only pray that the assassins-oi these innocentchildren will be caught. But one must add that, regard1'ess.ot
"the outcome of this search, the FBIs Southern perlormance has
been a disgrace l . K mi-F-.i!'=a' .___,,j|-"' 1 rml than Mr. Hoover would long ago have
been damned by pressand politicians alike tor the continuous
story of Iailure. The FBI's ability to escape such conciernnation
is an. almost unplausihle triumph oI- public relations in which
even the faintest_ha.rsh wovd_about_J. Edgar Hoover has beenloosely equated with treason. . '_ ~ I s - '
The bomb that destroyed tour children -in Birmingham should
have nally shattered the Hoover myth _B92_:t_ Mr. Mans_tield'sit testimonial was a reminder that such legends die hard. .......*
at 1! -it .The question, ol courseila tvltcther the; will finally
break its scoreless streak. The children give dead._ . ' 1
The question is why the I-BI has so systematically failedJto inltrate theracist more thereby *ariticipateand prevent
-~at least some or the terrorist trenzy that .re:_=.ched its men-strous climax in Birmingham on =Sut-idayix, 5 5', 1 . .. L
- _That issue was_biuptly_raise_d this week in s teiegratn,irom'
'ADA's Josebh Rauh' to President Kennedy-la _COI!'l_mtii'llC8IIOIi'Q NEW YORK POST WEDNESDAY S P I
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..Klux Kianhndlother racist organizaons is inexcusable in t..i.¬la:-' ely 1--ndreo or ouried by most or the press. . . _ . .~__-- The Iaiiure or. reluctance oi the .FB_I to i.nt:itra.e right-wingsubversive elements in the U. S. becomes jmore apparent with -each additionai"trsge:iy'iri _th,eSouti"," he declared-_ . - e i -. t."The total initration of the Communist 1?_.'arty4hy__the_FBI :8e<1'nonst1-ates the capacity of the bureau to-forestall £I1I'i'92ii11_C ii th Kn 'eeti--ity The Iailure to inltrate the Citizens ounc .. e- k ,
cu:-rentc1risis.2L__~ -- -_ ;- - ' _telc rn urecd that either tl-e FBI's Southern operation The -gr , .be drastically reorganized or that the Civil Rights_'_Commissionreceive the money and manpower to condi.tct_its own police op-erations in the South. ' - i w . - _ _: One assumes that the recornendation was led in some Presi-i eonhole reserved tor explosive topcs " ....-eniial vs _ - - --But this is" thc heartoI the matter. Noonc sand say wilh. . . | M rtltude, as this is written, that the Sunday mur crs conhave been averted by such inltration. But surely the long his-tory oi Birminglism violence suggests that the crime _is thework oi an organized conspir y which undercover agen@_= ht have exposed long ago. E? - - - _ _- The real case against Mr. ver is not simply that he hasIaied' it is that heapparentiy hasn't tried on any I_na10r scaleI-Ic hasn't tried, I-presume, because he IS reluctant to risk hi!status as a sacred cow with the Soother-nets who control the FBI:budget, and annually grant him any iunds he seeks, even inintervals ot 1'economy;'f1L - s _. -_ 4 ' - L ~- The public record do s show that Mr. Hoover, a big speech-rnsker on the subject of crime, has remained steadiastly iner-ticulate about racist violence. But sgain that silence may merely,Q th92921ndicate his deference to the sensitivities oi the -.7-ou._._et'n ca._--._ -_ 1 . -W ' ¢_--_-_ gs. ;_____
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rNothing said here is designed to create the impression tl_i-atthe FBI is composted oi lazy men. Its agents are busy, earnestand generally conscientious in matters that the dlnector gives ahighpriority. -. " ' - ' _ _ _
Only yesterday I read on excerpt tromjhe memoirs of GreenBay football coach _.Vince Lombardi in which he described theFBI's vigilance in scrutinizing pro football players. _ _ -------. ' In warning his piaycrs against any conduct that might ren-der them suspect, Lombardi recalls, he told them, .I had a visitthe other titty trom two FBI men and . J ..they told me that they'rekeeping a closer watch than ever on slit proiessionai sport.-1"
And he added. Now these FBI men didnjt mention anybody on this team,or on any other team either. but everyone is being watched."One can only.-sadly observe that similar intense FBI sur--< veiilanceot southern racists might have spared the country muchI ourpresent ordeal. i - __ _'
- I. | 0 - ._ _ . gt . .. - - -._-ItsSad|sm. > '..- ._ Such! Astonlshments by Dnd Cort Macmillan, 84.95!_'Too many or the diets I have looked at seem to rne to rew.. . . disapproval 0! other people's having any tun. j _- . ' ~ >
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_ y92 Ipr me AlI'll1ll5Il_l!UOIl to identity itselt with a diluted bill even"before this Birmingharn.atroci_ty. It seems inconceivable now.
surely all the dimensions o£_ti1e behind-the-scénesfstruggle ha92}*e_
been altered by these" shattering blows to" the whole doctrine
or non-violence, and to the face oi America. '- - "
I qegardless of what happens today or tomonaw in Birhiin];-°i ham, the battle or Was'hington_lias been decisively__altered. - " _
- _ i'V;___.*= "._*V'-_.- ._.,_._:_." Q I
The Justice nepm declaloil _to send such _t_op civil lights
trouble-shooters as Burke Marshall to-"the scene reects the
Administ:rat,ions awareness o1 national gravity as we-ll as the
s human horror o__t these killings __ e initial announcement merelysaid the F ' - "" ' ~_ _ BI was being called in .__at once, but someone musti have quickly recognized ti1e'inadequacy_ of that move. - ..I -92-
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_ from Bi1m5_ngham, is not whether the Administration can any
. _,1onger contemplate some tidy compromise on civil rights legis-
lation, supplemented by isolated. acts oil, intervention. II.',._ia
, whether even -its eective, advoce, of Ustron _ _ 93? 1 Ebiiiwillbe
suiiicient to sustain the authority oi the Negro leaders who have
bravely clung to the course an non-violence in the lace or so
muchbrutal provocation - . Q i -
The Kennedy Administration, _in its first ph_ase,', underesti-
mated the passion and tneanlng oi the equal rights"_revolutio_n.
Mr. Kennedy has confessed that his own sense-ct timing changed
when the dogs were unleashed in Birmingham; up _till_ that mo-
ment he had obviously hoped to avoid any Congressional battle.
_ This slaughter oi children in Birmingham is tar mo_re' mon-
- strous than anything that happened before- It renders adacernic
any argument as to whetherthe Administration can avoid a
major confrontation on Capitol I-lill_in the coming civil rights
test. Once again events have dictated that the President riseto
an occasion not because any clause of any hill might have savedU these children, but beca'use_there can no longer be any ambiguityabout where the Federal government stands. - ' .5 - In the context of this Birmingham tragedy some 01'the
detailed arguments over specic provisions oi the public accom-
_ tiiodations biii. become as vulgar as they are irreievani. Si-iaii we
seriously quibble over whether these slain-little girls should have
been permitted to enter public swimmingpools? _ K
It was Harry Truman's misfortune, on the eve of this disaster,
- to deliver an oration proclaiming that "if the Northern busy-
hodies stay at home and clean up the-ir.own backyards, the rest
of the country will obey its laws" and to be:-ate "these young-
_ sters who are running around the country trying to institutemob
rule." I trust Mr. Truman hates himselt this morning. But
there are many others whose insensitivity to the depth of this
conict appears equally conspicious as tuneral services are pre~
pared for these children of Birmingham. _ . - "L The caiamity has happened. it is irretrietiabie and unfor-
gettable. In the face oi! these murders, only the President can
speak __for the country's conscience-and not merely by words
1 orgentzine lamerit'but=by=1ull dedicated commtrnent in'a le is-
.1Then-eel question, _oi-wits ponderstite latest 't-2»oimm|qu'¢5'
snr
_ p lative as well as rnoral sense. '1-Iis. 1863 is her a:i'dfno1-557: 't;-F"-_.biI§;I k _ . . 1- - _ . , . : i~e= -- '1 -:*"_ ref-g;¢;:;. . .'¢; -_~ 3; ,-J _ _- - 3 ~ -. - _ -_ .__,__,,'._'_,?v1e-H'¢ "I-" L. - _" ' s.-.u_ _- '*-. ~ -1 '~*=-+- -w.»?'.¢';:§1 ="' ' _ f?"j7..?;" :,-*:.'.,: - i "'..."=5;_-.".-. - .-».- -1 1 -..=;-- -"I't.'.:....~..- -L. 1- .- ;-= - :.'- » '-' -._ ' "-J?-I -1=;: 1'~ cw _.. .-- - _-M, ,; _,- :-._..~-> .' -+ '_-'- 5 Fran -. '- n »1__;_-=t-..,,;.,_s...'.-V:-¢_.5;: -';;..-.-",,,;;,_. -: * ;._--_ A ' --» _-,,-.-'- ~-- "1 3?",_->- .=§.5_.._.-F '11 -.-e---myIO IE I :.-27' "T9.5:"" r "q"."~ ,,¢5.:.' 1,"-i~P:w¢'-'=r" __F- ~'-*- -1' :_l:;-' -;"....= -"-,_ _ _ _ ... - - __ . -:.,.-_:_':-_-_c _. - ' ;.f- '+.~r ._t;-__*.-- -it-_< » .:;_' Q-A -g$_";:;;.*."Z':"M ind. e ""1-" i 1 "
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J Edgar Hoover is the real murderer
bony Edgar!
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spend I -We rermunlcip. "T" .3 , '-L.uC uvcuv urns 4.11:1 92.ucpas_y_ CAFAGUUU an 5 J.Il'l.|.l.l|6q5 lg] es.
church yesterday may have blasted the careful plans 0: many
men in Washington who still refuse to believe that the struggle
for equal rights is a lite-anddeath matte: in which the usual
iormulae oi! political maneuver are out of date. _ ' r
t a= _ -a - - .4 -- - '
In the aftermath of lastniontifs F1-ee_dt-nt 'I92iai-ch, many
- ion. Even some
cle hastened to
' It was hlandly
_ _a healthy emo-
. ould be a quiet
letdown thereafter, pertnitiingétile joiiy spirit oi fcoini92roniise to*__ _ i____ ___.;'___:.__.. __.._?,_.. _**_._.
i - tloinlnate legislative disposal otthe clv-it*1i:!1_t!-1.-Ttills. n
- " Strong voices within the Administration -quietly continued"
to resist the drive for a sweeping civil rights statute and to coun-
sel the President against anytotal investment in such a measure.
The important thing, the cool calculators argued, was to get
"sortie oi a hilt rather than to risk defeat by seelttni such
controversial provisions as the item knows as part III."- Under
the proopsal the Justice Dept. would be armed with broad
new powers to bring injunction proceedings against civil rights
violators and their police accomplices. It would dramatically
align the U. S. with the victims oi racist hooliganism. i
_ .. ._ . . . . ..- I ... 1 B _. _._ I!1'I'92I92f! _|-._- __,____ Both this pfovisin and [H8 En'i&l'ICl mr-an rm:-1.. C181-IS! were
viewed by some Administration strategists "ghting" proposi-
tlons that "could only lmperll the chance tor "some kind -_o£blll.f'
- Throughout the last fortnight informed reports have _ in-
dicated that the strategy or retreat-was prevailing. ._ -f 1
., But'that was betore yesterday: terrible b_¢:mbing_ in B_ir_m-
ingham, perhaps the most gruesome and inammatory sols-ode
at has occurred in our modernsequel to the civil war. _
" ' ¥AZ '1...
As this is written little more is known. than; that four in
nnocent Negro children were cruelly slain'in the dgrnamiting ot a
Negro church that has been used as a citadel at civil rights cs;
semblage, that_a'1-i-year-old Negro boy has been killed by loch]
police and a 9-year-told boy' bytwo white warrior: in the angry
turmoil that iollpwed the slayings. Butorie need not know much
Kmore to know that tnose who have been advocating; sort line in
the Congressional ~.civil rights debate must l1.ave- suttered auidnij--.=_=1:..,;, 1. .. -.' ° ' " * !'."%;-!%-T;-..L?-1--Ii:-f:.-rt:-E ;5
c-__.~levastating shock. _. _
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92 ' Bellao
'Mem0ran tum .UNITED STATE... .1 ELRNMENT
QSPEYCoiloh
FROM = A. Ros1 TO Ir. Belmontlgrf DATE 9-24-53 _i H
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Rosen ii
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Trotter ii
' Tele. Hoom _i
Holmes _____.-..-.-.._
Gundy ii
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92-E
5-63
Boil no m2iis"""
In connection with our investigation of the bombing of the
Sixteenth
Z ? Q/Q Ever effort is being expended[described QM inquiries andStreet Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, on 9-15-63,
the following informati is submitted.
to identify the Sergeant Bill
of sources at Fort
is going to be available llcclellan ar c inuing to be pushechg
for interview again today and he will her questioned by Agents
in an effort to establish if there is any truth to his story.
Iiik Clan!-Cilia in §lun92 cl-novels A-I 492uou92'I¢-4-140011; oupuia II-. I-l92A 'l92na|'l-Ileana
of victim church, several additional persons who were in the church
at the time of theexplosion have advised that the odor which followed
the explosion was unlike anything they had ever smelled before. They
described it as somewhat like a dry gunpowder or firecracker type
smell and yet not,_spec:|.fica11y the same as gunpowder or firecracker
odor. Arrangements are bein made through military authorities at
Fort McClellan for
if these witnesses
mar they detected
Br. DeLoach
JC1:cac
liignf/61 OCT
Cou we /we. ;-Quaa test eztgliision of composition C3 to determine
can identify the odor from the explosion with the
Q-F -I-I-an nl-n1-wn'I92 II -92n|I-92-I nnrhv In-av uuuavn wvluva-115;
'1u-. __|iom¬="e ,_ 1 - Mr'.='8vanst e REC, 51/57» /as .5-'1 /5!
Hr. Conrad ,1 - llr. s llivaU n ,,-___ ______ _______, " i =5 25¢ 25 1953 9; ,
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Memorandum to Hr. Belmnnt
RE: UNSUBS; BOMBING GF SIITEENTH
STREET BAPTIST CHURCH
In connection with our investigation to locate a
Rambler automobile with license tag beginning with 1A7 or1B7 allegedly seen by near the scene oi the
bombing shortly after its occurrence, the Birmingham Oiiice
has located and eliminated 17 such cars. Since other witnesses
in the area of the church at the time oi the explosion have
advi d th t th se a e s o such car, there is some doubt as to Bthe veracity o£&in:Eormation, and he is being reinter-
viewed today in this regard.
I n
iti-
The Birmingham Office is continuing to check into the
possibility of members of the Nation of Islam N01! being
involved in view of that organization's advocacy of the
_ separation oi the races and its cpposition to integration.
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/92Members of the Birmingham mosque of NOI, which is located across
the street from victim church, are being located for interview
and their whereabouts during the pertinent period checked out.
The Birmingham Office and auxiliary offices are
completing as rapidly as possible interv ews oi known Klan and
hate group members and are appropriatel checking out the
whereabouts during the pe tinent pe of an oss b
amon these als.
upon con act by Bureau gents on
- - o n questions or account for his _/e" "? -
whereabouts at the time of the bombing. That phase Winvestigation concerning the possible involvement oiand
members of his gang is continuing to be pressed.
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§~ ._4iMemorandum to Mr Belmont
RE UNSUBS, BOEING OF SIXEEENTH
STREET BAPTIST CHURCH
Asa Earl Carter, Oxford, Alabama, a staunch segrega-
tionist and member of the Volunteers for Alabama and Wallace
was interviewed on 9-23-63 but furnished no information oi
value. He indicated disapproval oi such violence asihe bombing
of the victim church and offered to cooperate fully with the
Bureau concerning the matter. He expressed the opinion that
the bombing could have been perpetrated by a white person but
that such a person would have to be crazy and that any such
person would logically be associatedvith the National States
a d me 1 the State
ng interviewed today and
them concerning their whereabouts during the pertinent period of
the bombing will be immediately checked.ormation
is being v
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I Stat! Reporter ' - Attorney General Robert F.
e ennedy yesterday ordered
ibis chief civilrights aide and
,ltwo other top Justice Depart-Qiment officials into Birming-
Liibam to spearhead a full in-
vestigation of the Negro
church bombing that killed
1 four_children.ll The three left Washington
e. less than five hours afte
i news of the tragedy was re
ported here.iiDA spokesman for the Justice
= epartment said that outside
gtbomb experts also were being
brought in to aid the officials
land FBI agents who are assist-1
1 ing local authorities. 1;
~Marshali, Assistant Deputy At-
torney General Joseph Dolan
W and the Attorney Generals ad-Iant Attorney General Burke
1|Making the trip were Assist- imining center ed, because of a Federal law}
hich presumes that any ex-
losive used in a bombing
as crossed a state line. ,
They may also move when
it is suspected that persons
have conspired to prevent
others from enjoying their
Constitutional rights. '
The spokesman said a bomb-
ing on Sept. 4 in Birmingham-
is under FBI investigation
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Investigations i o bombings
in that areaand irrningharn
has had a long history of
them-become v y difficult
because of the ea accessibii-,
ity of dynamite.
Birmingham ng an ore
plosives are
ul. Experts
umerous.cheap and plen
in their use are
Since 1947 the ity has been
rocked by at l ast 50 bomb-
ings About hal of these have
been related to abor disputes.
But in moi Hministrative assistant, John
Nolan. , 1
. Mai-shall, who heads the De-
lhaartmenfs civil rights divi-
sion, was the lrey gure in
the mediations which brough
an end to the racial strife in
Birmingham last April andl
May. 1
l No immediate comment was
lexpected from President Ken-llnedy, who learned of the
bombing while aboard the
White House yacht Honey
orney General is keeping his
brother informed of the situa-
tion as he has done in past
acial crises. .r An FBI spokesman said
agents in Birmingham rushed
to the scene immediately and
several more will be arriving
from nearby cities.
1 l-Ie said the FBI moves in
automatiqally to assist in in-
vestigations of violence like
. the Birmingham bombing, but
in this case the Department'
has specifically directed aFitz off Newport, R. I.K The spokesman said the At-iNegroes prim
ome the targ
The bombin of the churchrecent years,
rily have be-;ts. Burke Marshall, 2 Aides, Ordered I
-/-'3" Ll To Bomb Scene by Attorney General
'3 By Wallace I-I. Terry tate authorities to reduest Negroes have been the victims.
But yesterday was the first
time anyone was killed.
Churches have been the tar-
gets in seven instances.
The frequency of racially
related bombings has in-
creased since the city moved
into an uneasy settlement of
racial differences last May
and with the desegregation of
public schools Sept. 4.
Four persons were injured
May 11 when the home of the
brother of the Rev. Dr. Martin
Luther King and a Negro
motel were hit. On Aug. 20, a
bomb caused extensive dam-
age to a Negro attorney's
home. It was again hit the
night schools desegregated.
Four days later, the home
of the Negro businessman who
owns the motel was red. And
last Tuesday a small concus-
sion grenade went off in I
Negro neighborhood.
In the wake of the May 11
bombings, several persons, in-
jcluding policemen, were in-
jjured in a riot. The Sept. 4
bombing again set off rioting
arked at lea the 21st time
'n the last ei. '
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|full investigation. ' 7 .
Federal officials can step?
i h i d' t 1. ,-o ._. -'-
0 BUC C3585 m B 18.8 Ywit''_tWou aiting iO r_- 92 v1 » . -J _ i .1 . ._;c! /6,5 . _. u flwhich left one Negro dead/+-K4,/I//;'.1_~ -3-" .2 ' AToison
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ht years thatiand 20 injured. -e-__.. 6 - 1The Woahinqion Post and
/I7, 1; -» ,1 t ' :__:_______ -_~1i9_bWuahinqion Daily News ._.
The Evening S101.
6 QC;-3 1513 New York Herald Tribune _.._._L-.. . "'
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aw York Post
The New York Times 1
The Worker imi-
The New launder _,.,_,_,i....._..W g _ . The Wail Street Journal __,i¢-*"i»W"Q "/1 3 At.-¢~=-""*92"" :::.?::":::.:*~"""' ~;7 cl e/ g ST .. F yBelmont Q.
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DeLo92=ch5 - 1 _ Zi ~ ' * .I *u111;rr1-:1! §'rATss c0vsR92_',.su"r AMemorandum
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Holmes ' "'-w J oi-"" 0 .~» tatQ-sunjnm unsuss; BOMBING or SIX'1EE_NTI-I sat <;= "_,9292Q» 9 ,2,STRE_E'I__ BAPTIS,T,_,QI-IURCH, "' o¢~@1;ai992 A,BIBl;|1INGHAM,_-ALABAMA, 9-1§;s__s °@s92° gt 92BOMBING wrrrnns 20* ,0 gag
1963, page A6, sets forth remarks allegedly from an FBI spokesman_ _ "The Washington Post and Times Herald" for September 16,
concerning subject bombing. The spokesman allegedly stated that
the bombing on September 4, 1963, in Birmingham, is under FBI
investigation but not five other bombings which have occurred there recently. '
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[I_Ul¬l=S.i2£-llioent In"The Washington Post and Times Herald" articles is inaccuratL. 1'
O; _ ____ __ bo hi;_1_g§_which have occurred in Birmingham since I-<".k5-ll-63, the Bureau aisjnyestigating four of jmgp and w of the92~ d ._.__92
reques ted
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BETA ILSis ¥§_SLts wer?-vreaen:_en to nnealnpelrnennaw no J.l1Ve5T5i,g3tiQD jé-§_D;-.._
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A check was made with the office of Mr. DeLoach and no such9292
statement has been made as indicated in The Washington Post and
Times Herald" article. _
:4 . .»- cgngnrninn H-an rnr-nni-: hnm'h1ncr.=: which have nar-.11r;'c=.Q in W _ . . _..=, ....-- -............ ..,.,.........=,.. ....-...-- --..... -...,._ _ _..
Birmingham, the following should be noted. ! The Gaston gg';gL _
an integrated motel in Birmi_;;gha.|1L, was bombed on - - . 2! The end A I5 W. Kin the bro er of Reverend Martin Luth
King, 1Ir., _was also llombedon the same night_i , 8suburbTo:E Birmingham. "W Z 1 J?
.é,_The Bureau is gLo1_1dnc_=:t};ngaan_aQtigeg invebombings and extensive reports have been furnis ed to the Departme_n_-1 ... 11: 31/5 7.. /6; 57,-] 21-:*
! The 1ges1genca;;1_ Art-nu? p. Sho1;Q§_, -an- ---- --_
attorney who has been active irf civil rights matters riinf TnBirmingham, was bom_h_e§lo_n_ iLug:u§l;_g2QJgl.96_3;. No éagr-was° '1'-*3-PEs
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Memorandum to Mr. Belmont
RE: UNSUBS; BOMBING OF SIXTEENTH
STREET BAPTIST CHURCH
corner, The facts concerning this bombing were furnished
Civil Rights Division of the Department and no investigation
. fl-lwas requested.rq
! The residence oj_ArtQur DL_hg;§§ was againbombed on September 4 IQBQP The facts in this bombingwere discussed with the Department on September 4, 1963,
and no request for investigation was made; however, on
September 5, 1963, the Department did request an investi_
gtion into the bombing. A fu e
conducted concerning this Bombing and a special squad of ~
gents has been sent to Birmingham to conduct the investi_
gation.
! On the evening of Se tember 8 1963 the
I;BSidBnQ§W2§fA, G, Gaston in Jefferson Cuntgd Ilabamg, was
the_§b1ect of ti§;f1r§ bombs. Mr. Gaston is the owner of[the Gaston Motel and he is a wealthy Negro in thef Birmingham area, He has not been active in civil rights_ r, I to Mr. David H. Marlin and Mr. St, John Barrett of the
~ matters. The facts-in this fire bombing were brought to
1 the attention of the Department on September 8, 1963,
h and no investigation was_requesteQ,
92 ! The §ixteenth Street Baptist Church inlBirmingham, a large Negro church wich has been the center
A-P 92I492.lIl92qn|92 1-In-who-.1-92n|-I-v,¢xvl-4;-92v.|-4 --an -I-LA 49292-92-!;-92»!-l- A-I! n 92-92n92-_l92-l-_-- l92v92Ll-L -I-ICELU 92.l.I=llI.IJL.lDl|1.H-I.ul.92JLl§, WEI-§ Iullc §J'lJJc92.oIu I-I-IL I1 lJ92JIlllJ'-LI..l5 Ull-
September 15, 1963, This is the present bombing in whichW four Negro children were killed and 16 other persons were
injured. Weu1mediate1¥ entered this case_to condngj_gfull in1e§I1gation_anisent anadHitiona1 special squad
» Bf Agents under the supervision of SAC Roy Moore of thee
f Little Rock Office into Birmingham to conduct the inves_J
; tigation,92/ 2'5: jg
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Han-as-to halt after they
caught him stoning cars. A 13-
year-old Negro boy was shoti
and _killed as he, rode his
bicycle in a suburban area
north of the city.
Police Battle Crowd
Downtown streets were de-
serted after dark and police
urged white and Negro par-,
ents to keep their children off
the streets. . i
Thousands of hysterical Ne-
groes poured into the area
around the church this morn-I
ing and police fought for two:
hours, firing ries into thel
air, to control them.
When the crowd broke up,
scattered shootings and ston-
ings erupted through the city
during the afternoon and to-
n.ight._ '
The Negro youth killed by
police was Johnny Robinson,
16. They said he fled down an
alley when they caught him
stoning cars. They shot him
when he refused to halt.
The 13-year-old boy -killed,
outside the city was Virgil?
Ware. He was _shot at about
the same time as Robinson.
Shortly after the bombing?
police broke up a rally of!-white students protesting thei
desegregation of three Bir-
A motorcade of militant adultpicked up two white ,
questioned them about the
bombing and released them.
, The Rev. Martin Luther
iKing Jr., wired President Ken-
,nedy from Atlanta that he was
;going to Birmingham to plead
with Negroes to remain non-
But he said that unless. "im-
mediate Federal steps are
taken there will be in Bir-
mingham and Alabama they
worst racial holocaust this Na-
tion has ever seen."
Dozens of survivors, their
faces dripping blood from the' -iviolent. " ' A
i
92
glass that ew out of the.
church's stained glass win-I
dows, staggered around the
building in a cloud of white,
dust raised by the explosion,
The blast crushed two nearby
cars like toys and -blew out
windows blocks away.
Negroes stoned cars in other
sections of Birmingham and
police exchanged shots with a
Negro firing wild shotgun
blasts two blocks from the
church. It took officers twol
hours to disperse the scream-|ing, surging crowd of 2000 Ne-1
groes who ran to the church
at the sound of the blast.
hurt badly enough by the
blast to be treated at hos-
pitals. Many more, cut and
treated privately: ' mingharn schools last week. bruised by ying debris, were
segregationists apparently, en
route to the student rally was}
disbanded. _. '
France patrols, augumentedi
by 300 State troopers sent into,
the city by Gov. George C.
Wallace, quickly broke up all
gatherings of white and Ne-
groes. Wallace sent the
troopers and ordered 500 Na-
tional Guardsmen to stand by
at Birmingham armories.
King arrived in the city to-
night and went into a confert
ence with the Rev. Fred Shut-
tiesworth, a leader_ in the civil
rights fight in Birmingham. '
The City Council held an
emergency eetins to discusssafely measfzres for the city,
but rejected proposals for 'acurfew. -- - _'
DOZEIIS Of persons were in.
jured when the bomb went off
in the church, which held
400 Negroes at the time, 1n.
cluding 80 children. It was
Youth Day at the church.I[Associated Press reported
that among the injured in
subsequent shooting were a
white man injured by a Negro.
Another white man was
wounded by a Negro who at-
tempted to rob him, according
to police.] "
Mayor Albert Boutwell,
tears streaming down his
cheeks, announced the city
had asked for help.
"It is a tragic event," Bout-
well said. It is just sickening
that a few individuals could
commit such a horrible
atrocity. The occurrence of
such a thing has so gravely
concerned the public . . . "
His voice broke and he could
not go on.
Boutwell and Police Chief
Jamie Moore requested the
to Wallace. _ -
While the situation appears
to be well under control of
local law enforcement officers
A few hours later. policein . n P - " ',..'.At least 20 persons-aware
State assistance in a telegram.er trouble exists," Bout-.weéll and Moore said in their
e egram. _ - a
President Kennedy, yachting
off Newport, R. 1., was notified
by radio-telephone and At-
torney General Robert F. Ken-
dy ordered his chief civil
ights troubleshooter, Burke
arshall, to Birmingham. At
east 25 FBI agents, including
omb experts from Washing-i
ton, were being rushed in.
City Police Inspector W. J.
11-laley said as many as 15
sticks of dynamite must have
been used.
' We have talked to witnesses
who say they saw a car drive
by and then speed away just
before the bomb hit," he said.
In Montgomery, Wallace
said he had -a similar, report
and said the descriptions of
the car's occupants did not
make clear their race. But
he served notice on those
responsible that every law
enforcement agency of this,
State will be used to appre-=
bend them."
The bombing was the 21st
in Birmingham in eight years,@and the first to kill. None ofai
the bombings have been.
solved.' As police struggled to holdi
back the crowd, the blasted
churchs pastor, the Rev. John
H. Cross, grabbed a mega-
phone and walked back and
forth, telling the crowd, The
police are doing everything
they can. Please go home."
The Lord is our shepherd,"
he sobbed. "We shall not
want." ;
The only stained glass
window in the church that re-
mained in its frame showed
Christ leading a group of little
children. The face of Christ
was blown out. -
After the police dispersed
the hysterical crowds, work-
men with pickaxes went into
jthe wrecked basement of the
church. Parts of brightly
ipainted children's furniture
were strewn about in one Sun-
day School room, and blood
stained the floors. Chunks of
concrete the size of footballs
littered the basement.
The bomb apparently went
off in an unoccupied basement
room and blew down the wail,
sending stone and debris y-;
ing like shrapnel into a room
where children were re-assem-lowing Sunday School:-Bia
and song books lay shredded
and scattered through ilthe
church. . Y.
In the main sanctuary up-i
stairs, which holds about soot
persons, the pulpit and Bible
were covered with pieces of
stained glass. .
One of the dead girls was.
5--'¢Pitated. The coroner's of-F
fice identified the dead as
Denise McNair, 11; Carol Rob-
ertson, 14; Cynthia Wesley, 14,
and Addie Mae Collins, 10.
As the c r 0 w d outside.
watched the victims - being"
carried out, one youth broke
away and tried to touch one
of the blanket-covered forms.
This is my sister," he cried.
My God, shes dead. Police
took the hysterical boy away. A
Mamie Grier, superintend-
ent of the Sunday School,
said when the bonib went off
people began screaming, al-
most stampeding to get out-
side. The wounded 'wa1kedj
around in a daze, she said. ~.
One of the injured taken to
a hospital was a white man.
Many others cut by ying *
glass and other debris were
not treated at hospitals. ,
Fourth in Four WeeE'-"-"P
It was the fourth bombing in
four weeks in Birmingham,
and the third since the current|
school desegregation _crisis'
came to a boil Sept. 4.
Desegregation of schools in,
Birmingham, Mobile and Tus-ikegee was finally broughti
about last Wednesday when_
President Kennedy federalized
the National Guard. Some of
the Guardsmen in Birmingham
are still under Federal orders.
Wallace said the ones he
alerted today were units of
the Guard "not now feder-
alized."
The City of Birmingham
has offered a $52,000 reward
for the arrest of the bombers,
and Wallace today offered an-
other $5000.» i
Dr.- King Berates Wallace
But Dr. King wired Wallace
that the blood of four little,
children . . . is on your hands.
Your irresponsible and mis-
guided actions have created
in Birmingham and Alabama
the atmosphere that his in-
at this "time, the possibility oibling for closing prayers fol-duced continued violence and.
now murder." - i
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Policemen stood by as an angry crowd of Negroes ham About 150 State Troopers later were orderedGeor e Wallace --....,,gathered in front of the bombed church in Birmin§11f the scene by Gov g. - -
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An empty stretcher waited for one qf
the victims in yesterdays Birming-
'am"bbmbing as police and _firem§_1am_________vinvestigated the blast 111- the 1_t_ith__;
Street Baptist Church there. D0011-_ »;_
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Damaged automobties show the ' eflfects of the tre-H chunks of stone from the 16th Street Baptist Churchmendoug force behind the bomb, which tore large Blrmmgham yesterday. ; _._...p
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_.|l ___, 1,1, | - _. A C il D.f H worker the foreground carries a hull horn as Birmingham, Ala.,} Tfe :rd"fi1"aei:¢:i inspect the debris from the bombing of a iTiT1'1'Fll"" __l1_ll_l_1siiA.__§i_<>__1'§'§ _8LllltLvu!'_}!!<_§
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dumping gr:
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& Loihrop
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Tuesday,
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the COiUl'!1biCI-_-
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BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
SE _,11'_1IEA/I.b.EIB~.l§,,__l§.§.3I_1:; BOMBING MATTERS5 ,_ _ A ,-g,=,_ ,U
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;";f-1:1 The following information concerns our 1nvest1gat1on to identtfy
1, the perpetrators of the bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church 111
_: Birmingham, Alabama, on 9/ 15/ 63. P
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UNITED STATES G k__'.RNMENT
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Q61-N Mr. Belmon
STREET BAPTIST CHURCH//9
DATE September 19 , 1963 S inu wan _.__..._i
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Tale R/6 A; ROSQHM DimesI .-./ 4/0SUBJECT: UNKNOWN S1?-JECTSBOMBIN G O SIXTEENTH
Conrad
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Memorandum for Mr. Belmont
RE: UNSUBS; BOMBING OF
SIXTEENTH STREET BAPTIST CHURCH
E1--r
In connection with the continuing investigation in the area of the
bombing the Birmingham Office located and interviewed ten additional
persons who were reportedly in the vicinity of the church shortly after the
explosion but these individuals were unable to furnish any pertinent information
Additional members of the congregation who were present in the church at the
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RE: UNSUBS; BOMBING OF
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time of the bombing are also being located and interviewed as rapidly aslpossible. This phase of the investigation is being pressed and efforts are
being made to identify and locate a Negro man and woman who were seenI running from the vicinity of the church by two Civil Defense workers
immediately after the explosion. The Civil Defense workers advised the manland woman told them they were running because they were frightened and had
_ nothing to do with the bombing.
An additional 122 interviews of known Klan and hate group members
and bombing suspects conducted by the Birmingham and auxiliary ofces on
9/ 18/ 63 disclosed no information of value. These interviews are continuing.
The funeral services for three of the four children killed in the
explosion took place on 9/ 18/ 63 and no suspicious persons were observed
in the large crowd which attended the services. The only incident which
occurred involved an anonymous report received by the Birmingham Police
Department PD! that a man in a cafe at Sixth Avenue and Twelfth Street,
South, had a gun and had declared his intention to shoot t the funeralprocession when it passed the cafe. Police located one E X
white male at the cafe in question, found him in possession 6f"a'E61';' and '
placed him under arrest for violation of the State Firearms Act and for -
being drunk. This occurred prior to the funeral and the police were unableto find any witnesses as to any statements made byhat he intendedQ
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Memorandum for Mr. Belmont
RE: UNSUBS; BOMB ING OF
SIXTEENTH STREET BAPTIST CHURCH
A Washington news report on 9/ 19/ 63 that Birmingham Police
ssued a pick up order for two white men in ccrnecticn vrith the church
ing has been checked by the Birmingham Office with the Birmingham
D and Lieutenant Tom Cook of that department advised that he knows oft
no such order having been issued by his department.
The Birmingham Office and auxiliary offices are handling all .
phases of this investigation on a preferred basis and all leads are being run
out as rapidly as possible.
ACTION:
This matter is receiving close attention at the Seat of Government
and pertinent developments will be immediately brought to your attention.
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RE ::Director, Fig 58157-1025, ' 3 ii
Jlg mesons
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Reference is made to your communication dated 9/20/65 transmitting
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pertaining to the above-captioned matter.
In accordance with your tequestj film has been developed
The above is gattached
C] being sent under separate cover, via [:1 registered mail
. LED 19 ' i
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MI. J. ldgar ucgvap 92c/0 Federal Bureau Investigation
.ir=1s1"-ingtton, D,C.
Re: Bombing, of church in Alqbama:
I think you should investigate and find outif it waeinot the negroes themselves who put
the bomb. Don't believe any white men would
risk going down into ea Church basement too
much risk of being seen.
Think they know their assuming they are new
mes1;er- and every white has to do v__'1_&{_; THEY
RANT AMD DEFAND MORE H1G TS TUAN THE welrgs
IS IOSINH 1"--"IN S~f"P.'aT? " AND THEV H35 313$?-g
KRXR "FANS TO SHWAR TH? T ITES,
Just Q little over 100 _x-"-are from slave to
master- how they must long!" at the stupidity.of the ites who er giving them more r'1ghts92than they tT .6mS6l'-'63 1* -we. 92
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Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the le. One or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
Deleted under exemption s! ! '- _ With no segregable
material available for release to you.
Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
lnformation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Documents originated with another Government agency ies!. These documents were referred to that
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FEDERAL QF lN'92'EE'T!GA1'lDN
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COMMUNICATIONS S£CTi0I! ¢ SEP 2 1; 1953 %1Tl-'=2'LET;YEl:;' 0
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ALL KNOWN KLAN MEMBERS
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A REVIEW OF TOLL CALLS, BOMB SUSPECTS, CONTINUING.
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A . 1 --@"=*~=<1Y--,FR3§,§ggL_Ei?n1ncnn@ 1151-5521 av ;/1 49 "W =' DAILT $UMnAnY.'EE DJ. I _:f '_5 ~______,5 , .
/ NUMBER OF INTERVIEWS CONDUCTED NINETY. APPROMIATELY FOUR. j'I - ~- -='
2?
HUNDRED REMAINING. ONE PCI DASH RAC FILE OPENED. .
92.
ANNISTON GROUP. - ' I
EFFORTS AT FORT FE CLELLAN, ALA. TO ASCERTAIN IDENTITY OF -QUOTE
"SGT. BILLMUNO-U9PE CONTINUING. TWO POSSIBLE IDENTS BEING Tl-IOROUGHLY
CHECKED OUT AT ANNISTON, ALABAMA. CONFIDENTIAL SOURCES OF MILITARY
CONTACTING ALL KNOWN MILITARY PERSONNEL INTERESTED IN GAMBLING AT FORT
PE CLELLAN AS TO IDENTITY OF Q-B-0-TEHSGT. BILIIFUNQUOTE. RECORDS CHECK"
OF CIVILIAN AND MILITARY PERSONNEL AT FORT MC CLELLAN, A1-A., EXAMINED
FOR VEHICLE MEETING DESCRIPTION BELIEVED UTILIZED BY SGT. BILL MET
wxrn uzcarxvz RESULTS. I
auo1r nnnn consuneuetz ELEMENT or ANNISTON xunnsuzn, BK, xxxx, INC.
INTERVIEWED ronnv AND ALL nznxzn cunnzur KLAN AFFILIATION on any 1
KNOWLEDGE AS TO IDENTITY OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON OR PERSONS CAUSING A
A __ _ . _.
QBOMBING OF CHURCI-{._ SPECIFICALLY
END PAGE om: " I " ' '
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PAGE TWO
REMAINING INTERVIEWS TO BE C THIS GROUP APPROXIMATELY
TWENTYFIVEO
SURVEYS OF RESIDENCES AND BUSINESSES ANNISTON GROUP COVERED TODAY,
INCLUDING HOURS O&:DCCUPANCY, SECURITY, ETC.
NOW UNDERGOING
nr muvrn will RP FHRNTQHED LATER - 1,; vs w|1q.w'u| "Iv-iii vi -------'-.'---1 ---*!
WARRIOR GROUP-
ALL KNOWN ACTIVE MEMBERS AND SOME PAST MEMBERS, AS WELL AS
ASSOCIATES INTERVIEWED- ALIBIS OBTAINED, AND CHECK TO NO AVAIL. NO
INDIVIDUAL INTERVIEWED OR CHECKED THIS GROUP DEEMED WORTHY OF FURTHER
INVESTIGATION AS SUSPECT.
NSRP. 1'! " , /Q
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PAGE THREE
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REV. JOHN CROSS, PASTOR VICTIM CHURCH, DURING CONVERSATION
VOLUNTARILY ADVISED VICTIM CHURCH INSURED IN AMOUNT APPROXIMATELY ONE
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BAPBOM
RE BIRMINGHAM TEL T0 BUREAU AND SURROUNDING OFFICES NINE
wzurvrzvz SIXTYTHREE. '
DETERMINED TO BE IN CHATTANOOGA MORNING NINE TWENTYFIVE
TION ANY OF THEN HERE OUT OF THE CITY
Mm-. Be!mont..__.
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Transmit the following in __ _ _-__-_., 1; _ _. 1 1
Type In plain lost or code! ~
Vm______AIBIELe_ 5 5 AIB_MAIL1e - ___i;1 i 5 1
_ Priority 1» lube of nauq!
.1 FROM: SAG, BIRMINGHAM 57-352! g
92 1 SUBJECT-BAPBO 1: L
1 " P OF ISLAM
1 ls - ROI
Re Birmingham airtel to all continental offices.
dated 9/18/63, captioned Bapbomb.
A In connection with the investigation in this g
matter it is desired that all offices receiving copies of
this airtel determine, through appropriate informants and 1av
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UNITED STATES GOVEF V.IENT
Memorandum
T0 Hr . Rose¬y/nxn: September 24, 1963
FROM :
sunpacr:! BOMB
photographs taken of the 16th Street Baptist Church,
Birmingham, Alabama, prior to and after the bombing
which occurred on September 15, 1963.
Also attached are six FD-302's prepared by
personnelconcerning various aspects of
examinations conducted in connection with Laboratory
laboratory
this case.
§CTION:
For filing purposes.
Enc. &!A7: Cg: X
1 --e__.,.- ____i--cw -» /1%;5p $1 1,
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Cllhmn __.._Conrad
DQLD
Evan
Guile
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Sulll
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Trotter
T010. R
Holmes
Gundv
Theme are attached tothis memorandum variousI
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_ 92 ,,,- m -_ -,.'.-- .' '.- * » .- ' v '- '., _- c " On September iai 1963, it the Sixteenth street p
Q? Special
of September 15, "
1963. '
The search consisted of a piece-by-piece examina-
tion of all debris in the ladies lounge of the church and W
rooms immediately adjacent to the ladies lounge, the bomb ,'
crater and area immediately surrounding it, for any material "
of value that would assist in identifying the type and phy-
sical make-up of the bomb device used. e F
The following material, found in the ladies lounge, f
ladies restroom adjacent to the lounge, and the room west of 7
and adjacent to the lounge was obtained for further Laboratory
examination in an effort to identify the explosive substance
used from possible explosive residues that may be present:
U ll Pieces of
coverings heavy gauge wire from the screen
ever the eindoss in the ladies
!Pieces of window frame from the windows in
ladies lounge. the
! Fragments of drapery material that covered the
windows in the ladies lounge.
! Part of the metal frame of the wire screen
covering the windows in the ladies lounge.
! Scrapings from window sill in ladies lounge.
~ No burned safety fuse, fragments of a timing device,
container fragments, fragments of blasting or electric blasting
caps, wires, igniter fragments, or other materials which could
. be associated with a bomb, were found. "
' 9/16/ea Birmingham, Alabama an 157-3 52c
September 17, zéea
oi Se 16, 1963 Special
assistanceAgen
systematic search of the area the Sixteenth Street
Baptist Church, 1530 6th Avenue, North, Birmingham, Alabama. .
The search encompassed the streets abounded the church,
the buildings across the street and behind the church,
including the root areas oi these buildings. The debris
that was located was examined minutely where iound.
No burned safety iuse, Iragments of a time device,
blasting or electric blasting caps, tragments oi a container
in which a bomb may have been placed, or other material tor
association with a bomb was found.
t, .,_,~. v92"
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9/16/as Birmingham, Alabama 47¢ an 157-352
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12¢septemoer lo,
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On September 18, 1963, at Kemp's Garage, 830
lath Striiil iith, Birmingham, Alabama, Special Agentexamined a 1958 Oldsmobile, white.four-door hardtdg, bearing 1963 Alabama license l-48895,
serial number 58 A0l987. This car had been parked on
16th Street, North, adjacent to the 16th Street Baptist
Church on the morning of September 15, l963,at the time
of the explosion at the church. It was the car nearest
the point of explosion. '
The major damage was located on the hood of
this car which was buckled and pierced by flying pieces
of concrete. Large pieces of concrete resembling that
of the preformed steps from the northeast corner of the
church were found under the hood on top of the motor. g
These were removed for Laboratory examination.
The windshield, rear window and all door glass
was broken. The debris in the car was examined but
nothing was found for association with an explosive or
bomb accessory.
ilitoiraiii of ihe car were taken by SpecialAgent -
The car was made a for examination at
Kemp's Gara e b ree, who
resides a | Alabama.
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9/16/63 Birmingham, Alabama BI-I 157-352
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September 18, 1963
v
evro e 1a Sport Coupe, serial number 58
145302. - "On September 18, 1963, at Kemp's Garage, aso
19th Str et North, B1 abama, Special Agentsn examined a burned
19 N
The car was horned to such an extent that its
original color could not be determined. Everything in the
car of a combustible nature was reduced to tine ash. A11
low melting point metal trim pieces were reduced to molten
masses. The uniform manner in which the car burned suggests
an acceleraut was used, specific type of accelerant used
could not be determined. _ i
Nothing was found in the car to indicate the pre-
sence of an explosive or n bomb accessory.
Photographs of car taken by S
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September 17, 1963
I
On the night of September 15, 1963, an examina-
tion was made oi damage to the Sixteenth Street Baptist
Church, 1530 6th Avenue North, Birmingham, Alabama, and
oi the area surrounding the church, which church was bombed
at 10:22 a.m., the morning oi September 15, 1963.
The characteristics oi the damage, the distribution
oi debris inside, and outside the church, and the type oi
debris, indicated a high order type explosive, such as dyna-
mite, had been placed on the ground in iront oi a double
window oi the church and under an_outside concrete stairway
that partially covered the double window. The stairway leads
tron the ground level to the second floor level and is located
at the northeast corner of the church. The double windows are
in a basement room oi the church known as the ladies lounge
and are covered on the outside by heavy gauge protective wire
screens, as are all the basement windows of this church.
The iloor oi the lounge was approximately tour feet
below the window sill. The window sill was 8" above ground
level. The church foundation was 30" thick at this point and
consisted oi a 10' stone facing over a 20" thick brick and
masonry wall .
The explosion iragmented the outside concrete stairwayDirectly beneath the stairway and opposite the window sill, in
the ground, was a crater measuring 52 teat wide, 2 1 ieet deep,
and it extended iron the wall ot_the church to the inner edge
oi the sidewalk, a distance measuring 3 2/3 ieet. The explosion
fragmented the solid limestone window sill and tore out the
ioundation oi the church immediately beneath the window sill.
Th window glass, window irames and heavy wire gauge protective
screens were shattered and blown into the ladies lounge. Er-
tensive damage was caused in the interior 0! the ladies lounge.
A large hole, approaimately 7' 2 7', directly opposite the
window and 16 feet from it was blown out oi a partitionuiorming
one side oi the lounge. This wall was constructed oi two thick-
nesses or brick and covered with wet plaster._ At the time or
the examination, the tloor oi the lounge was covered_with 6" ck
oi debris consisting oi brick, stone, conorete,_g1asa, mortar,
. =. - ' ' ' .92 . ' . a"
9/15/53 Birmingham, Alabama BB 15?-352
Special A 9/17/63and ijci
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plaster, wood lath, and wood from a partition and from ,
underneath an inside stairway.
The main supporting beams in the northeast corner
area of the church were weakened. Numerous windows throughout
the church were broken by the blast effect; ."
_Tbe main ettects oi the blast inside the church were
confined to the ladies lounge. '
Although there is no way of accurately determining
the amount of explosives used, the damage caused by the bomb
appears to be consistent with that which would be produced by
from ten to twenty sticks of dynamite, or its equivalent.
I 1
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- 1On September 18, 1963, at1
I
September 18, 1963
Kemps Garage, 830
19th Str t rth Birmingham, Alabama, Special Agent
nmined a 1956 Chevrolet Bel Air,
r rdto with red body and U1 0° P,
Alabama license l-36022, Serial Ho.
meter reading 34426!. This ear had
street adJacent to the point oi thewhite top, 1963
VC56A064l59 speedo-
bees perked en the
explosion that oc
curred on September 15, 1963, at the Sixteenth Street
Baptist Church, 1530 6th Avenue North, Birmingham, Ala-
bama. '
The major damage was located on the two doors
on the right side oi the car. This damage was caused by
flying fragments or concrete that resemble the concrete
iron the1
f corner oi the church.gpretormed steps that were on the northeast
. The windshield and rear window were completely
blown out
Debris inor the car and all the-window glass was shattered.
the car was examined, but no physical evidence
tor association with an explosive or bomb accessory was
£ound., _
- The car was made available tor examination at
Kemp's Garage b -'1--'i__ an employee, who' =-W» -h95*-=@*~=-- *1=b --
C ,ll Photoiaihs of this car were taken by SA
Iragments_o£ concrete removed from the car were
removed tor Laboratory examination. .
. 7 _ . ,~ - an - .,
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9/18/65 Birmingham, Alabama 4_ BE 157-352
7<Special Agent 9/13/53i
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_. _ in _ _ A . .. 1' are -solid concrete. Risers and treads coveri- q. -" _ . . _. ._Routing Slip
FD-4 Rev. 10-13-56!
To
Cg] Director
Att.Mn....Rosen.......... 'me ....?{}.?../.§.3........-.
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iéjll sac '... Title ...§é.E1§9H.B..........
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L_.:|_-__ _ 1- _ ' I:i .L CDead|ine................ E Return tilep _ -' .. I [:| Deadline passed |:] Return serials' I: l:
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For information
Initial 8. return
E Leads need attentionACTION DESIRED
[:1 Open_Caee
[:1 Prepare ieod cords
[:1 Prepare tickler
|:| Recharge serials
]:[ Return assignment cord
Search and return
G See rne
E Send Serials..........
to
[: Submit new charge-out
1:] Submit report by
I: T11»
E Return with explanation or notation as to action taken.
p Attached Photo shows steps as they appeared
open to .a po1nt several inches to left of center_____-I-,_T'_;¢_;_:: e._?.i;?i.5w1th prefornec} concrete slabs. Areaay under step
:- e. -.5-1.? , ~--:l..:* _. "~%;J_ e. '2 _'_.-_Il':I.',;'T:<2ii;;: window shown, Crater 1n ground extended from
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;§1ong wall and approx. 4 ft. fromwalk and was 2 ft. 3 inches deep;directed downward causing crater;ing steps; inward propelling window sili com =in size and construction to slab above windowg,screen, window frame and material from wall belwindow sill; and, to the right along line of stdamaging a house to rear of church. Note: picttaken approximately-10 years ago by Commercialphotographer for contractor who installed step
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Co erMemorandum
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ole
on-rt; September 23,1 3 Mr. Rose A
Tele. Room
suaJ MB buses. bongpugpk S{l1;'EN7a-I &r.' Bohr r 011 , as r- asI ,_ nBzv6- H:fr<l.;:2$§>I£nru¢H 1,9£A, I
SAC Raymond L. Faisst called at 7:28 p.m. , 9-23 -63, to
advise that he had received a call from Assistant Attorney General
Louis Oberdorfer. Mr. Oberdorfer was calling on behalf of the
Attorney General and desires that Agents meet e President's , ,-'/representatives, Kenneth C§$ioyall and Earl H$2Blaik, upon theirSullivan A
Tovel §
Troller A...
Holmes ii
Gundy A
arrival tomorrow morning 9-24-63, at Birmingham. SAC Faisst .---
indicated that Mr. Oberdorfer wanted the Agents to chat with them.
SAC Faisst was instructed that no information whatsoever
concerning the bombing investigation should be discussed with either
* Royall or Blaik. They will, however, be met at the airport as a
courtesy.I
0 .
SAC Faisst indicated that when Deputy Attorney General --
1 Kataenbach was in Birmingham, Katzenbach and Departmental '
Attorney Joe Dolan made arrangements with the building manager
in the 2121 Building which rents considerable space to the Govermnent
and in which building this Bureau maintains its Birmingham Office
so that Katzenbach and Dolan had access to a two-bedroom apartment
IA.
3 Mr. Oberdorfer in his telephone call to SAC Faisst wanted '
the building superintendent contacted so arrangements could be made
for Royall and Blaik in this apartment. SAC Faisst indicated to ' '
Mr. Oberdorfer that he would have the General Services Administration
GSA! representative in Birmingham call Oberdorfer direct and the
FBI would not make arrangements for the apartment. .
SAC Faisst was instructed to make no overtures for space
for Royall and Blaik and that any such'arrafn'gements should be made
GSA- J-' if.-:* ~" - - _ /5 ..---/:11 -, 1921>'lr¥- REC 13- Z... ..;_. '1B1 - Mr, Evans ,~~'_}< , ,Q//' I2 SEP 301963 "S
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Memorandum to Mr. Rosen
RE: BAPBOMB
Thirdly, Assistant Attorney General Oberdorfer inquired
of SAC Faisst as to the stenographic situation. He was advised that
we cannot possibly provide stenographic services for Royall and
Blaik and it was suggested that he call the United States Attorney's
Office. '
ACTION:
For information.
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D; ' @" nznzcron, FBI /151-1o25/ AND sac axnmzncunm /151f;s2/
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INFORMATION WAS OBTAINED DURING INTERVIzwé. szvsu INTERVIEWS
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FEIIIEIML BUREAU UF IIIVESTIGHTIOII
FUIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMHTIUN SHEET
Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the le. One or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
Deleted under exemption s! 7! Q with no segregable
material available for release to you.
lnfonnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Documents originated with another Government agency ies!. These documents were referred to that
agency ies! for review and direct response to you.
Pages contain information furnished by another Government agencyes!. You will be advised by the FBI as
to the releasability of this information following our consultation with the other agencyes!.
Page s! withheld for the following reason s!:
For your information: _ i _V _
The following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages:
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TELETYPE DEFERRED
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FROM DIRECTOR, FBI 57-1025!@@ '
EVERY as-roar wusr BE MADE szprmannn T
SIXTYTHREE, TO IDENTIFY NEGRO BOY WHO IS POSSIBLE EYEWITNESS
n. A Zr T0 PLACING or EXPLOSWE AT zmeao cmmcs. IF mi-i~r"riF-Tm,
PHOTOGRAPHS or vnuous PERSONS mcLunmc_92/§¢_,
EXHIBITED TO HIM. CONSIDERATION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO HAVDIG O F =~»~~ -= 92J/
CIVIL DEFENSE WORKER WHO SAW NEGRO YOUTH OBSERVE VAHOUS O
6' - .O -scnoons m onrnzn TO IDENTIFY m-:0-no Y0I4TH.7 /025 / 97?
REC-21'
:19 sap 19 1953 '
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Memorandum
Mr. Conradyl//' pm; 9/1'1/63 ' 7 o
Tl:|lve1n_n_,i-1
TrotterR. H. J e
UNKNOWN stgancrs; Vsome mo or '
_l*_!iBII.I§I.QHURcH,*BIRMmGHAM,ALABA_l921I1Q;____9/15/63 ; BOMBING MATTERSTO I
Tole . Room
Holmes
Gondy ¢
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HSAC Roy Moore of the Little Rock Office, presently heading
the investigation of the above matter in the Birmingham Office,
telephonically advised this afternoon that the search of the crime scene
for evidence of the explosive device used in the bombing has been
completed and no evidence of fuse, detonator or container has been
found. Fragments of debris and other material which may contain
explosive residues have been collected for Laboratory examination.
advised that srsi K have completed their assignment. Sgb
hington when he has completed his dicta ion s
1S proceeding to Council Bluffs, Iowa, to honor aand
' commi nt on 9/18/63, after which he will also return t0Washington. Ma bringing the evidence collected at the
| crime scene for Laboratory study and analysis. g_ 7 ivs P /genres
. ' . Q tNone - for information. '7. /z.§[',;P,.¢2_0>"~../ ¢_ '
a_-uu 1,1,5,
Belmont
E
- DeLoach
- Evans
- Rosen
. Lavin, Room 2268NOTE: Subsequent to the above
92 telgphgnggall SAC Moore advised that
sA:ou1d necessarily be held
over one additional day to assist in
the examination of several cars that
had been damaged in the explosion.
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Evans .
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SUBJECT: -.-» BAPBOMB 92
4.: Mr. Ros __",,._ DATE: September 1'7, 1 63 §<.~,$.1_.._.
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At 8:10 p. m. , 9-17-63, SAC Roy Moore, on special
assignment to Birmingham, was requested to make arrangementsfor $200 in cash to be available for S hen hearrives at Nashville on special assignmen in cap ned matter. KDQ
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FROM SAC NEW ORLEANS /157-1294/ 1-PAGE
00- BIRMINGHAM.
as uzw ORLEANS TELETYPE SEPTEMBER SEVENTEEN LAST1
ERTINENT Inronmarxoqj~ Tele,,,¢Run.u_____,,, ~
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T DIRECTOR FBI /15T-1025/ AND SAC BIRMINGHAM Q<i;/~ "92
N NE INTERVIEWS connucwzn TODAY./ N0 P ,, __ , » .I /Q 7 -/.4*.,.k_, fénmz,oamruzn. THIRTYSIX mmzvxrzus a§l451u roLB_E ¢°"D f. '_PLS '/§ 1 - Y:
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PLAIN TEXT R
TELETYPE URGENT
TO SAC, BIRMINQHAM 51-:52! C
92 -.I !
mom M nmmcwon, FBI 57-1025! - "Z " _ "' "x' 3 Y -"FK O BAPBOMB L, . .
»
g REBUTEL CALL TONIGHT. FOLLOWING ITEMS DISCUSSED
V . .
FOR YOUR CONSIDERATION.
PHOTOGRAPHS OF CARS AT NSRP HEADQUARTERS AND
PERSONS ENTERING NSRP HEADQUARTERS snoum BE SHOWN TO
POSSIBLE WITNESSES. EFFORTS T0 LOCATE RAMBLER STATION
WAGON onsmvmn BY wrrNEss- snouma BE vxsonousmr
PURSUED. CONSIDERATION sriouw ism GIVEN TO INTERVIEWING .
J Is BEING INTERVIEWED TODAY. CONSIDER
g 1m~ERwEw1~@i t- - : _a .-
NEAR FUTURE. THE sromr 0
SI-IOULD BE BACKTRACKEQ %'0'r1-{Ea Peggsons-' 92INCLUDING HIS GIRLFRIEND INTERVIEWED. IN ggq}-4OF NO-N? --...h-. _-....L'.
EXPLOSIV E RESIIJUE BEING LOCATED BY LABORATORY, COHSE3 1963ITONIGHT smcn /
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3:Ll°' <~:HEcKmc sotmcss or MILITARY PLASTICVEXPLOSIVE ANnTR'r. -- "~1-""'c==1>§rj-_ ¢ O '11 -hi-=:aP'i"-W -"*=O'1';:'J;5 OCallahan ~10} 92 :1 Conrad _L-i! _ T hum -'3 _
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TELETYPE I0 SAC, BIRMINGHAM
RE: BAPBOMB .
CONSIDER EXHIBITING PHOTOGRAPHS OBTAINED I
TO DATE T0 EYEWITNES_.ND_ >¢
INVESTIGATION CONCER192TING.WHEREABOUTS OF KLAN LEADERS
ANNISTON DURING PERTINENT PERIOD SHOULD BE PRESSED
VIGOROUSLY IN ORDER THAT THEY MAY BE INTERVIEWED
AT THE EARL-IEST POSSIBLE TIME: -
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URITED STATES GOVER__..JENT
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To : Mr. Rosen
FROM = C. L. McGo
' - GumfyHolmes L
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SUBJWFI UN.K1§T0W192T..,$.UBJ'EC.TS "<- ? - "
vv BOMBING OF THECSDKTEENTHI $TRE..EI..BA.PII$I,C"H'DBQ!I ' '
BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
ssrrsmnnn 15, 1963
BOMBING MATTERS
4 '7 cSA_ of the Laboratory Division brought from
Birmingham last night the 01 owing material obtained at the scene of the bombing
which material is to be spectrographically examined for the presence of possible
explosive residues.
Pieces of heavy gauge wire covering windows of the church;
Pieces of window frames from the ladies lounge;
Fragments of drapery material found in the ladies lounge;
Fragments of metal frame covering windows in ladies lounge;~ | Tulaon l
_ _r Belmont _
Mo __..._.._
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DIG§ D.L....ZEvansmm: September 19, 1963
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Memorandum for Mr. Rosen
Birmingham advised that the bomb is believed to have been placed
on or next to a limestone sill of a double window near the northeast corner
of the church and that it could have easily been concealed at that point under
a concrete stairway. The force of the explosion demolished the stairway,
propelled concrete fragments of the stairs in all directions.
1 The explosion caused damage to the firm earth next to the window
T in the form of a U shaped crater measuring approximately six feet in width,
t and two feet in depth. The sill of the double window consisting of a solid piece
92 of limestone eight feet in length was shattered, A hole approximately seven
~"feet square in a partition at the back of the ladies lounge opposite the double
gwindow resulted from propelled brick and stone from the blast.
! The heavy wire mesh screen over the outside of the double
window was badly distorted, broken from its frame and propelled into the
_1adies' lounge.
1 The principal bomb damage to the church was confined to the ladies
T lounge and adjoining rest room. However, every" window and room in the
church including the Sunday School assembly room and main church auditorium1! were affected by the blast. -
agrees ;>¢I The material brought from Birmingham by S- is
presently being examined by the Laboratory.
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PLAIN TEXT
TELETYPE URGENT 7'
TO SAC '!AMP_.A 5?-B55!
FROM DIRECTOR FBI 57-1025!_--_..-?.._
REURTEL SEPTEMBER EIGHTEENTH LAST.
591'was HIGHWAY PATROLMAN AND was consranma wno ARE
KNOWN TO YOUR OFFICE AS KLANSMEN SHOULD NOT BE INTERVIEWED ,1- / 1UNLESS LOGICAL INVESTIGATION SPECIFICALLY INDICATEC THAT
sucn mrsnvmws mom ss rnonucrma. arnnmcmn ADVISED ,
/J 7- /0,25 - V
Q55 _ ifQ u-uni I 'JCT:ers v " """""" " *!/>0 ' é 19 SEP .19 2953
1 - Birmingham,
BY MAIL.
:*
NOTE: The Bureau issued instructions 9/ 15 8: 16/ 63 concerning intervus
of all Kiansmen and hate group subjects as wall as potential bembing
suspects. Tampa has requested advice of Bureau as to whether a Highway
Patrolman and a Constable in the Tampa Division who are known Klansmen
should be included in these intervus. In view oi their connection with law
enforcement agencies it appears at this time that these two individuals
should hot be interviewed unless such substantial reason is developed indicating
that such interviews would prove of value.
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Evans in Cilia?-Uii5CATiOiiS SECTIONg;;;,,- saw 1 a 1963 54/1»Sullivn _i._ /lliii. /K-1 k L7 [n -1fEL.ET.Y.EE 921 ole. Hoe J Q Bang. soou|::1 TELETYPE uN11'|1'{/h | -I v 1- ' - -. 92: .! 9
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THEIR IHERELBOUTS BRING THE PERTINENT PERIOD SHOULD BE LSCERTAINED
BE OBTLIHED A3 ELL L5 PHOTOGRAPHS» ' 5
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armmrcmur 51-ass!
ATLANTA 51-502!
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mrnsm-um A vmonous Immsrrcgrron nrro rm: ACTIVITIES as was
FDLEDWTWG PiR§@§§ TY iWDT7iZL§ TTFRTTCEY ii ¬E¬Ti6R 73TH TH?
/67-/0.2%-Mé
IN ADDITIOL
*_ 1_ TdmL_§§QIOGRAPHS OF THESE HEN SHOULD ,
_. Be1mont_._____._!22i,:;Qr.;raE1n AUTOMOBILES mm urrouoamas T0 IHICH '1-may nun news;9/30/63
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RE: DAB IONS
THIS INVESTIGATION IUST BE ON AN EXPEDITED BASIS IITH _
INFORIATION BEING RELAYED TO THE __BUREAU AND BIRHINGHAI, -"
A THOROUGH asvuw br rm cmkooén naommcs snouib 51': 92
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SEPTEMBER 20, 196:
PLAIN TEXT
TELETYPE U R GENT
7! 'r0 SAC, BIRMINGHAM 51-:52! j
- mom DIRECTOR, FBI 5 7-1025!
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Tolson
Belmont
Mohr
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mo imnmmnn ATTENTION AND BUREAU MUST BE mv_x§En ,I
- 92
IN DETAIL OF AND RESULTS OF SAME IN DAILY
stmmjmv TELETYPES. AS PREVIOUSLY msraucrb
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FEDERAL BIINEAII DF INVESTIGATION
FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET
Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the le. One or more of t.he following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
Deleted under exemption s! 7 -_.--.._.-e with no segregable
material available for release to you.
Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Documents originated with another Government agency ies!. These documents were referred to that
agency ies! for review and direct response to you.
Pages contain information furnished by another Government agency ies!. You will be advised by the FBI as
to the releasability of this information following our consultation with the other agency ies!.
Page s! withheld for the following r'eason s!:
For your information: _ 1 _ __
The following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages:
i/§g_.>g»/.095-9'c>_T __ W _
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FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFDBMATIDN SHEET
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indicated, explain this deletion.
Deleted under exen1ption s! ___ with no segregable
material available for release to you.
Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Documents originated with another Government agencyes!. These documents were referred to that
agencyes! for review and direct response to you.
Pages contain information furnished by another Government agencyes!. You will be advised by the F BI as
to the releasability of this information following our consultation with the other agency ies!.
Page s! withheld for the following reason s!:
For your information: _ _ _ _
The following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages:
f/JTQ_-/065-gloj _ y _
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DELETED PAGE S!
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URG T 9-19-cs 821 PM EST PP
T DIRECTOR, FBI AND sAc, BIRMINGHAM
FROM sAc, SAVANNAH /151-5os/ 1P
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REMYTEL SEPT. EIGHT]-ZEN LAST. ? - '.=.> 3
0".~ ~,»' FOURTEEN KLANSMEN AND ONE INFORMANT INTERVIEWED fxs
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DATE DENIED ANY KNOWLEDGE or PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR DAPTIDNED
BOMBING on or ANYONE FROM THIS AREA TRAVELING T0 BIRMINGHAM ~
DURING THE PERTINENT PERIOD, on ANY LOCAL KLANSMEN HAVING
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AN ESTIMATED ONE HUNDRED TWENTY KLANSMEN REMAIN T0 BEPOTENTIAL FOR BOMBING
1NTERvIEwED IN THE sAANNAH DIVISION. K3
END ,§§
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Memorandum =»;;;»_;Z- uuchT0 I MR. TOLSON H Q4 DATE-3 9/17/63 $5312.
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Tove]n Hr 121:1 mnn 1' ' ... .my can I A-I6 a-unvu U one;FROM I A. H. Belmont£// Mr. Rosen §L??jIf'H1 I DBLO8.0h V Gcndy_ 0'3; Copies made by L375 - ;_suBJEC'!- Bmnmsnan nonsmes ,O,_£eV,ew bx Rowe Task Ewe W A .Date IQ 9-! [g51% *~°"°Relative to the bombing of the churc n Birmingham which
resulted in the killing of four children, it was our feeling imme-
diately on Sunday, when we got this news, that the persons who I
perpetrated this atrocity had gone beyond the bounds acceptable to '
even hardened segregationists. It is one thing to explode dynamite
outside a house or in an empty building, with the aim of scaring
Negroes and integrationists and holding them back from their drive
to achieve racial equality, but it is another thing to take the lives
of innocent children.
We issued immediate instructions to Birmingham and surrounding
offices to interview all members of the Ku Klm: Klan and the Nationa1_
States Rights Party, as well as other hate groups, in the belief that]
we might secure information, as this degree of violence is unacceptableto them. These interviews are being conducted on a special basis. k;f / I
l the same token, we suggested yesterday that a newspaper
iii Y of the Birmingham community for the underlying causes of this tragedy
,1
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"Z3;-_592article appear in a Birmingham paper stressing the responsibility
and calling on all persons to furnish information to the FBI, which
has the-ability to handle such information in condence and get
results'§rom it.,qThis article is being given to the press today.
n-- _
I have noted"'in the press a play on this same theme, namely
that it is the'~responsibility of the whole Birmingham and Alabama
community for what has happened and for correcting the situation;
for example, the article by Charles Morgan, Jr. in the Washington
P t thi i "Wh Bl , ,-_,_of s morn ng, -20 s to ame? /6,? __ if
"Q I think: it would be very timely for the Director to put out
a statement to tge press along the lines that, while in this country
everyone is entitled to his own opinion, and to achieve his goal
by lawful means, this tragedy pinpoints what can happen when
unthinking individuals strive to reach their goals by violence and
breaking the._law; that, in effect, such activities lead to chaosand anarchy; 'that the Director is sure that all right-thinking /. _. .. ,,.. .. ~ -- -'1 .. m --- F . ,, 1 ' *1= 1-5 e /ilAHB;.__C§i£I ! V r p M4 wmm {y /4 7-/021' __ ,0 SEP 24 1963
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citizens deplore this outrage, and consequently the Director is making
a plea to all individuals, regardless of their beliefs, -to come forth
and furnish information to the FBI which will help to remove this
stigma from the community. The FBI is conducting a full investiga-
tion to determine those responsible for this tragedy and requests
the assistance oi the entire community in furnishing information to
this end.
It seems to me that this article would have
First, it would clearly place the Director on record as to his feelings
about this incident and the fact that the FBI is conducting a full
investigation; second, it will further emphasize the responsibility
of the Birmingham community in this matter and place a burden on
the people of the community to cooperate; and third, it will set the
stage for the development of additional sources and informants in a
very sensitive area.several results.
ACTION :
If you agree, Mr. DeLoach's division will prepare an
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ALJDENDUM; CDD;saj!;9-1'?-63; Mr. Beltm nt's suggestion has merit and
obviously reflects good thinking. I do have reservations. A statement of this
nature should have been issued two days, 0, immediately following the incident,?<such as we did in t case. To issue such a statement now
would make it appear that the Director is coming in the back door to capitalize on
a tragic incident. The President, Attorney General, Martin Luther King, and
countless others have issued numerous statements, many of them intimating that
the blame lies on various personalities or groups. I don't think it advisable to
join the parade.
There is another point. We all know that our record thus
far in bombing cases is not good. For the Director to receive nationwide publicity,
through the medium of the suggested statement, will serve to bring up--in the
minds of many newsmen, and particularly our enemies--that we have yet to effect
a solution. It will appear to many that we might be trying to absolve ourselves
of responsibility. i
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Re: Birmingham Bombings
Addendum Continued! _I " I é",-Am,,.'z.///fz4.; /Q//I
km _!_.__t _ l_-i.@_A ._ ~__@;_
.tunes We are accomp.ommend that the Director make n0 statement at this
mg much of the same objective by a story I am havingGeneXi?Vortsman of the §j_1j_m_ingh_am I"-{ost__IjIe_1'alQ publish in his paper on
Wednesday, 9-18-63. In this instance, I think we are far better off talking only when we have accomplishments.
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On 9-1
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Bureau in connecuo caweneoworsted that he had been giving the matter oi the bombingoi the Sixteen Stree Baptist Church a great deal ol thought and in connectionwith the reward oi $56, G66 ofiered by local authorities desired to tarnish the
iollowing suggestion.
He stated that the appropriate local authorities should considerplacing a motorcycle officer at each one oi the Negro churches and establishedNegro meeting places in the City of Birmingham. These olficers should beretained on a round-the-clock basis so that if any future efforts are made tobomb such churches or meeting places the olcers, while unable to actuallyprevent the bombing, would be able to pursue vehicles and thereby identity
the perpetrator of the crime. L7 C
The above suggestion of as well as his identity shouldbe brought to the attention of the appropriate local authorities in Birmingham.
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Date: 9/2 1 /63
Transmit the following in __ __ *1" i 1,
Typo in plain lax! or eds!
V1a , e AIBMAIIF7 Priority or lethal of Iiigl
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5 any information pertaining to the
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TIQTL4» T0: . nznscron, FBI 57-1025! -
FROM: sac, BIRMINGHAM 57-35
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