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Lenthenm experiments tor enminltion or the imploeion. _ _;~ ' _ - 5 .;~ _. _ _. ...' V ' , _ -' I, __ ' ..- -.~ ._ .
_theoretioe1._predictione_ ot the pox-romance or the gm,» _ i
H .. '19 19w-L nie moo:-eucel mum meeting an eddreeeed by ' 5--_-;,_'_~;Bethe on design o£'neutnon eourcee or fileion reactioninitietore, dieoueeing -y 5 aepeoitionlly the Bethe-hack dev'elopmentl¢ .. = - - _ " " ~. ' -»
A 23, 1916- Coordinating Council. Koeke spoke on the ergon I
that examination of imploding hemispheres end cylinders with end without leneee.
April 21+, 1915- Oolloquim. F1-iech dieoueeed the eotivitiee of Group '
1 oi the Gadget Division, epeoilicelly covering the oriticel assembly or U:-enim _~ -
235 end the "tickling of the dre3'on'e tail" ecxperimente by dropping e. cylinder _
or rieeile materiel throuQ: e tamper materiel to produce e very alight]; euper- ~
oritioel eeeunblqw _ _ ~ _. »._ - 4- - .-
April 191:5-A Cooncil. Rooert Hil.eon epolce on experi-
mente for detemining the nultiplioetion oonetant in neutron density celculetione.
Serber commented on the check or the experiments uith theoretical coneideretionn
my 7, 191:5. coordinating Council. Gritchtield talked about the three
potentiel neutron tieeion reaction initiators for the implosion gadget. iheee
included the Tuck-Bethe 3et "Urchin," the Serduke beryllium plug Melon-Seed,"
end the N. Baker grenuler "Nichodemue." Johns dieoueeed the chemistry of poloniue
end prooeduree ton hendling this materiel. , ~ »
Kw 11», 1916- Coordinating Council. Beinbridge epoke on the relultl
of the trial shot of 100 tone oi high exploeive at Trinity. Connente were mede
on the ettectiveneee of vu-ioue meeeuring devices.
He; 21, 1916- Coordinating Council. Ramsey epoke on the mre recent
work on the ultimate delivery ot the gadget, including eeeemblq at the perte,
dropping or the gadget iron e plene, and means tor obeerving the tunotioning
or the nrioue parts. ~
Hey 2s, 191.5, Coordinating Council. Gommender Bradbury epoke on the
eeeenbly or the implosion gadget ee to the high explosive end alignment or pu-te.
Allison briey mentioned that the etebliauetion at the delta. pheee of pltltoniun V -
looked good. " -A ' . -:~_- - -92
030'. - ;,;m'11 191$. céunqn J». Gcuunder éircmepoke on the mm: --,1 .~ot gun eeeunbly efzmm materiel with mmmm one», so-our upqauvi >-
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'- -. .' June 1., 191.5. coordinating council. Femi spoke on p1lnQd_lI]>Ili.:-_£_<f__2£i_
ments tor observing the approaching implosion fission
p irinity, cnphasiaing the problems involved. ;;;t-; :15; . _. ~" .~ ' " . *1 '- '11-i-~.:~". 1" '1->~~l*1 .P;"ir~{
~ * June 12 191.5. Colloquium. 5. K. Allison spoke on the implosion .;.-2--.- »....,. ......;....1., traciniit from tn. invention tolthe expected test shot at trinitr I»
Z 191.5. Bethe .p.1.;".. theucorreldtion
or theoretical calculations from the assumed equation or state with the obs
shock velocity, material velocity, and density increase using the electrical ' 3'.
magnetic, I-ray and radio lanthanum methods of observation. ihe various factors
already calculated and those not calculated were considered in estimating the - _
etticiancyotthegadget. . > 92. .~:,_-'-.: ..- ~._@ --
" ". June 25191.5. Qoordinating Council. m-. opp..m.m.=- lilllll. ca. -.
proposed dimensions or the plntoniim sphere. tor the implosion gadget and the '
boron modification or the high explosive charge. Greiaen spoke on the electric _ .detonators to he used with the high explosive for the implosion gadget. .. - A
I _ . . "
July 2, 191.5. Coordinating Council. Dr. Oppenheimer mentioned the
changes in the high explosive detonator. Jette spoke on the pressing of the
plutonium hemispheres which would be used in the Trinity test. Dodson described
the manufacture of the "Urchin" modulated neutron source, which would be used .
at the Trinity shot. '. . - _ »
July 3, 191.5. Colloquium. Bethe discussed the various factors and
corrections to be considered in predicting the results of the proposed Trinityum. .V " -- -- -. __. ~. ..-. _.. . _ ;.;..
- ~ " .. July 9, 191.5. Coordinating Ooxmcil. sum, o. a. Frisch, Holloaay,
Kistiahovsky, Se:-her, and Oppenheimer spoke on tests and predictions relating
to, and construction details or, the Trinity teat. . .- .. __ - . . .. . . . .
July 16, 191.5. Coordinating Oouncil attended the Trinity test or the
implosiongad_getat0530H.U.'1'. - - - 1. .- .. ...
' @1523, mus. Coordinating Council. Oppenheimer mentioned suns
elements of the future program oi this project. Bethe spoke on some observations
of the Trinity teat. _ . 1- p ,_ _ -
' l l3, 191.5. Coordinating Council. Berhert Anderson addressed the
Council on the chemical methods for determining the efficiency of the B-inity
test shot, specifically on the determination of the relation of fission products
to the original plutonimn metal.
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August Z!, 191.5. Oppenheimer spoke to 1'-ho __. _ ___y; fuigmeg thy P39 _ 4' 1. " ?'~-"=_-:»-.- "- 7 1 ' "'3 ";.'.>.-Z" _ ..£"§ ~."- - . 1. . -:;2-;:=~>=~:*;:~.:=%%§s1":=1;;§
. ; _ . Snptdlblt 10, 191.5. Coordinating Council. Oppenheimer mm on tn.;i§:;
mu.-. oi etemio power end legislation relevant theneto. Korma 1'. Ruse; 1 . --.:_-
ecldressed the group on the development of the combat bombs, including such itere.e_ _;__-#1
as buildinsr. Meet amen. ¢~1-iwrr overseen "MM-I. AW _11K'-
" September 17, 19h5.- Coordinating Council. Hr. Isldmn discussed the __.- -
efficiency at Hiroehim end Regsselcl. on the basis oi blast measurements. Reports :i
indicate that the etticiency oi the bomb drop on lhgeseki no greater then the 1
Trinity test. theme use e showing oi technicolor films or the sex-abet drops.
September 21., 191.5. Coordinating Council. Dr. Christi discussed eons > _
ot the non-specific problems srieing from the development and use of the atomic ' .
hill!-' .- - ;- --. - '~ -».-1?;-:.. S1.- ®.»:_v";. "I '. '
f Septunber 25, 3.91.5. Cq11oquiu*s. Dr. Eduard Tellerfdisouseed the *
"Super," describing generally the the:-no-nuclear reaction and the obstacles which
* must be overcome to initiate euche reaction. He exhibited to' the g;-opp an up -
hodiment ot the "Super" gadget which he thought night be operative. g ' - 92 i .
October 1, 191.5. Coordinating Council. Dr. Bradbury discussed the
future oi the Project until the Commission tskss over. g - '
g ' ' ' mum a,191.$. Coordinating Council. mum. Henderson discussed
the redesign ot the implosion gadgets with respect to engineering improvements.
October 15, 191.5. Coordinating Council. Pltecsekdiseuseed the gadget
using e composite of plutonium and Uranium 235. _L. P. Slotin discussed messian-meats on s compoeit gadget. . . ,_. --V ' ' M -
October 19, 191.5. Research Division Heating. Penney spoke on observe.-tions oi densgs in Jepsn. v N ' '
November 5, 191.5. Coordinating Council. Serber spoke on observations
oi damage caused by etomie bombs in Jepen. Captain Nolan spoke on the medics}.
aspects of this situation. ' _ _
~ ' Decmher 17, 1916. Coordinating Council. Ph..ip Morrison spoke on
power piles, in particular the detai1s_o£ s test neutron plutonium eystn using j
rodsendsliquidoooienteuchuelowmeltingeiioy. -g . . _:.__: J_ |_ .
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j 1"" ' Jenner! 21, 191.6. Coordinating ounoil. 0.1.11.1 um-m, n.c., spore,
on his observation ct demge_end injury et Iiiroshime end Hegeeeki. ._;;~_ -.
addressed by Dr. Bradbury on the future or the Project. hnong items diecuseed
were the Navy rest; the feet neutron power reactor; the "Supu-g" stock piling: J
weapon develo1ns__nt; Physics Division work, end the potentiel conrerence this . .
eumer. . ' ~ -
. Feta-us:-7 ll, 191.6. Interim Council. Louis Slotin epoke on the high
tenpereture, test neutron, mercury-cooled plutoniun reector. Hsrk epoke on theeritioel mess value tor such e. reactor. 1- 1 » - 1:»-.~ - "
. . _ q. ,92
_' February 25, 1916. Interim Ommcil. Mex Roy spoke the uork of-
"Z" Division, particularly on developments involving slowezplosivee for lens
February 28, 191.6. Dr. llichtmyer addressed the Theoretical Division
Beminlr on resonance eutocatelytio eyetuns tor bomb deeiga. ..
lurch ll, 191.6. Interim Council. Derrol Frauen epoke on the experi-
mentel date developed on the levitated implosion gedget end elements ot deeign
oi that device, including the compoeite gadget of plutonium end ureniun. .
P 92 .
Ha:-ch 12, 191,6. theoretical Seoiner. Addressed by Teller on the
possibility of Themonuolear reactions in water and eir. -. - '
March 18, 3.91.6. Interim Council. Discussion of new decleeeitieetion
March 25, 191.6. Interim Council. Morrison epolne on "Breeders,"
"Converters," "Power Piles," and the like. This time Morrison did not go into
deteile or operation, es he did eeverel yeere ego. _ . - - .
April 1, 191.6. Interim Council. Hr. H. Kolodney addressed the group
on the ope:-etion oi DP Bite with particular reference to the processing of plu-
toniun tron the nitrate to the motel component for en etouic bout. ". A _ __
April B, 191.6. Interim Oounoil. P. Morrison spoke on dilution tr
iiesionehle.msteriels to permit only peaceful employment thereof. Hementioned
the addition ot U-238 to various materials euoh es thorium, plutonium, end thelike. ~. ~ -~v-'1' -"*;*"'7*" ' - . . - .1 . . .._ 4 , -1 .,. - . . ,_ . , . ~ » __
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April 19, 19h6- MOO! Fourth meeting of the "Super" conference. Hr.
hmedert continued. hie diecueeion on the compression of the various materials.
Edward Teller then diecueeed the experimental program which was believed neoco-
eery in the preparation of e "Supen" '
He mentioned e program for the study or e lb Mew neutron: released ~
in the nuclear reaction end the cmee-eectioue tor verioue proceeeee concerning
theee neutrons and the materiel: employed in the "Super." Furthemore, the" - A
various reactions involved in the "Super," such ee tritium plue tritium, helium
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plus deuterium, hydrogen plus deuterium, and the like, as well as the nitrogen hi
plus nitrogen reaction should oe studied. Cryogenic experiments should he~;;i;__;';, .=
studied. Cryogenic experiments should be carried out for all the natec'ia1lB?.=§*'i'
employed in the proposed device. These experiments should include considerations"
of the thermal equations of state: the ortho to per conversion; pressure equations
of stats; heat production in tritium at low temperatures hypbeta ray mission -
and so forth." "An engineering progrsnuas also suggested to cover all en31I1eering_
and essign phases connected with the device. lhe test program should cover the
operation of the assmbly device for fission reaction; the fission reaction plus ~
the "prinerg" and full scale tests. A further program should be instituted to
investigate other suggestions on the initiation of a deuterium plus deuterium '
reaction such as the Jet method proposed by Ulan, etc. __ _- o _ .1--
, April'2O, 191.6. 000! nesting of the "Super" conference. -
Hr. Edward '1'el1er' presided. lhe meeting was a general discussion period concern-Q
in; the possibility of peaceful applications of the deuterium plus deuterium _
reaction. General schemes were proposed all of which were very far-fetched and
presented numerous practical difficulties. - ', _~__ _- . - ' ' -
4;»-n 29, 191.6. Interim Council. re-. Hcbihben spot. on tn. new-a
million volt electrostatic generator proposed for construction at this site.
He mentioned new design features and the manner of incorporation of old features <
into the device. -, ,
Hay 20, 191.6. Interim Council. Colonel Seemn spoke on the organisa-
tion of the U. S. Army and our place therein.
e Hay 27, 191.6. Interim Council. Bredbury spoke briefly on the radia- *
tion accident occurring on Hey 21, 191.6, indicating that no critical assembly
experiments were to be continued until safer methods were developed, and that'.
.-
-92<
--e1
-»
the involved plutonium sphere was so "hot" that it will not he handled for some _'
time. J. W. Stout spoke on the developnsnta in slow explosives, particular];
barium nitrate-plastic cou92pog_t_i_ons, for use in explosive lenses.
' June 3, 192.6. Interim Council. Milo Sampson lpkl on the materiel
and shock velocities in the proposed levitated sphere assembly. Velocities
of h.18 mm per microsecond for the materiel, and M59 an per microsecond for
the shock were measured employing the pin method for velocity determination.
-3-
25;";, F
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' ' the 101101335 118$ O1 ropqfl. This list I88 1101; intmdod $0 be complete 1- '1
lluatrate contributions of British in the atolio boob project.! _" _ .. but to 1
1%.
__ hobs, I.
92sum Attenuation u ms-402
. , _ _,
Efficiency tor Very Slow IA-596
1888111511 __
. 1
Effect oi Evaporation Ll-41.1
or Free-Surface
Velocities . '
Initiator Theory, III. LA-325
Job Fomatiou by tho
Gollioion of Two Sm-heel
Penetration by Jot: Pro LL-328
duced by Cavity Charges .- M
Thnory of Initiator: II,I-A-300
Halon Seod
Raretaoticn Wave tron o Ll-227
Plan 1-roe Surface in an
EIp108i92Q ' A
Jot Formation in Cylin-y IA-216
drioal Imploelon with 18
Detonation Points .
Formation or Jets in IA-195
Plano Slab: 1 . * .' 4Soc:-at ._ 7-26-46 .
1 ., _ 5.. ' _ .* '
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7 ' ' the files oi LE Retired Records, Os]: Ridge, Tennessee, contain
oopies oi numerous reports authored by members of the British Iiseion which
were furnished to the U, B, group, Those suthorad by Fuchs are listed below
I "ms opumn Pressure sud am; rum»-Q in I Ditfusioh P1s::t?'4by_'_-_
1:. Fuchs undstod, British file us-92.! - . " -.»92
"Quads of Ossesdee in the D8 Boheme" by L Fuohs sod Rs Peierls
undsted, British file E-83,! 7
"Osseode of Cssosdes in the DB Scheme, Port 8, Boo-Orthodox
Gonneotions Between Bub Colonies" by Fuchs mama British file us-as.!
- "me Rsbbit Isohine by x. mm snd a. Peierls undsted, British '
:11. as-ax.! __ _
"8inp1ified Formulae for the mmi-we Psir mm happens" by x.
rum snd P. n. Preston undated, British rue us-su.!
late on the Control of the Branching Rstio in the 'Rsbbit' snd
Bssk Feeding by Is Fuohs unldsted, British tile BB-95,! 7-; < '
"1-luotustions in s Diffusion Sepsrstion Pleat" K, Fuchs undsted,
British file I8-6!.!
I .
Losses in the Rate at Production due to Iithdrusl of Cells tor
llsintens.noe" by K, Fuohs undated, British file HS-17,!
Fluctuations sud the Efficiency of s Diffusion Plant, Part 5, the
Effect of Fluctuation in the Flow of I-2" by K, Fuchs dated June 8, 1.944,
British :11» ass-12.!
Fluctuations snd the Bfticienoy of s Diffusion Hunt, Port G, the
Effect of Density Floatation by K. Fuohs undated, British file I8!-16,!
On the Effeotof e, Tine Log in the Controller of Pleat Mobility"
by Is Fuchs undsted, British file 16!!-3,! y
Bate on the Effect or Fluctuations on the Efficiency of s
Dittusion Plsnt by x. Fuchs undsted, British rue mu-5.!
. ,; Effect of Fluotustions on Plant Efficiency, Psrt 2, Fluctuations
in the Rate of Produotiolf by Fuchs undated, British file I31-10,! 'j'*~* '1
' " ' It is indiested in this file that ssnuscripts with British tile _
. masters 15, 16 sad 17 hsd been forwarded to I. Benedict of Keller by Fuchs, . es-sasos-ass. vs. 9 and 10! H - _ '
._ L -.;I .
7 .__ 77 ___ _ ..7__ " A ' __77 - " "":'~';_': _ "- 77 7.7 ' 'a..' "'_ H; _' -777--7-.-7.- 7 .,,__' ___ ___ , 77 _ _, =7 7 7 7 7 '7'_: 7: _ ' ' 7 7 _ _
' ' '7" '7~~ " - '777_- ; 77 7' 7' "7 '7' 7' 77' v ",7_ 7 7 7'7: 7' 777' _7 77~" 7 _ 7 _'_ 7 .'=--- 7 '=7 ~7 V-_..
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1 - _ Lce Alamo: diecloled that index eardl in ihe document 1-on of D 1'-' - -J Inveetigation btze Albuquerque Office in lbbruary, 19605 at j
,- -;_ give tte following title c payer: written by Iuelu ia emu ouee in
1_-/.
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P'92 "~_ A 11$} "¢£.»11;=;'t";£ £§ ia"'bt1s:'ncm§5{_ 4/16/42, a 1jxmction with othere." me datee oi? these papere are out out H giventhe cc-¢Iork;". on F50 P1901"; 11, live i'e indicateibelozzjQ» ._:<.""' T """ A ~~ '1 =1-- *:'_=-=~-3.:-*<~ 2 :-.5; ~ J ~ w _ ' ' -. r-=1-.~ --'1' . ~ .:*
.' 1 1 ' 1~ I $5 ! 5741°"l1°lI 1°/38/H» I-A 165. 4 5 3;?
Shock Attenuation 1; rode; 1/as/44, we 402 -1 11;-;;;=¢.;;- -
sop»-1:1» oi Ilctopee; 4/10/42; n 49- .
Ra:-etacticn Wave tron a Plane Free 82.:-face in an Explosion; 8/18/45 - - V-
Peiturbatieu theory in One Group Ieutron Problem; 1/8/49, BI 1482
Penetration by an; Produced by evity Charges; '1/1-1/as, 1.1 sac .! Oblique Detonation Katee; LAID 87 1 ' __ I -.: -" ~ .- 1- '
I Iotee on the Expansion of U Sphere Inoloeed in a Container; I 16$, -_f;
'__. _ Measurement oi Iuclear Bulb Brtioieney by Observation of the Ball ff;
. of Fire at early stage; 2/20/46, Ll. 616 ¥~ - ".-f;' 4 *3-ALoe Alanna huh Series Vol. 1, Part III, Ohapl, .11-14 Blalt lame; -
1 .. 92 . 8/18/47, LA 1032 , _ , I. _ . _ .
Lo! Alamo: Tech Series 701. 7, Part I, Blalt Rafi; IA. 1020 ' _ ~ ,
Loo Llano: Tech Seriee Vol, I, Part IV, Blast Inez Li 1028
L0! Aimee tech Serial Vol. 1, Part II, Blait Fave; LL 1021 .
Jet Fox-nation in Gylindrioal Izaploeion with 18 Detonation Points;
2/e/4s, 1.1 21s - _
Ieotope Separation with Gcnplem Ioleouieog 4/10/42, B 8? . >
Initiator theory III Jet Formation by the Collieion ct Tie Burfaoeli
1/11/45. LA szs - 1 -_ ' - .
Gland Problems: s/as/42, s 1: -- =
Formation or Jets in Planejiabe; 12/2!/H, LA 138 Z _. ._
Fluctuation: in a Diftalion Separation Plant; ll/20/42, B 105_ ~
Finite Width of Single lloulbremu 4/l0/42, B 45 '
-Bquilibrim Tine in e Separation Plant; 4/42, IA I L A .
The Equation of State of Air at HIQ1 Temperature 9/18/'48, BI B8
Efficiency tor Very Bier Anenbly; B/2/48, IA 696
Erect oi Separation or Ieotopee of Guapotmd Xoleculeeg 118 44 A
Effect at Paoking on critical Radius of the Bpbere; 4/10/42, 8 48
Btteot oi Evaporation on Free Surface Velooitiee; 10/80/45 LL H1
Effect of Bow-min"; Lqvr for Siept Iembranee; B-81 ~
Sfteot of a Scattering Container on the Critical Radius and time
Constant; BI IO _ _- 1: -- - " . ' . "
he Critical Radial and the Tine Constant of e Sphere Inbevided in . '
a Spherioal Scattering Container; HI 1&4 .- -. ,-
> Critical Radiation and time Constanta for Finite Reflectoxf I/.24/42
~ ,_ an .1. . . .. _ , . 1* .,
Coupe:-iaon or the Variation theory and End Point Reeuita toe the . '
Tapered Spheres; 1/18/45, I4 205 , . _ 1
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Ator various angina or inoiioauo at
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