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~"'-'=:""""' _ 2 26bOitf A/167720. - UNITED s1 ;o_vEnNmENT
T° = Mr. Belmo °*"= August 12, 1957
we = 1.. B. Nichols Hf! L / baf inL _
wriwr; INTERNAL SECURITY SUBCOMMITTEE TESTIMONY
' _§;Mg_§4;§, TO LIMIT APPELLATE JURISDICTION or
SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES IN CERTAIN
CASES
f The following volume of testimony has been received
from t.he Committee and has been forwarded to Mr. Joseph Sizoo in
the Domestic Intelligence Division for appropriate handling and return
' to my office for return to the Committee:
. MLWL 1; Volume 131, at Washington, D. c., August 7, 1957. 9292_v- 0 H I - .. =,¢§'r[ I ' Testimony of Honorable William E. Jenner, in Public
H Session.
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175 AUG 23 1957
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Bonorahlo Janos T. Pattoraon
Boon or lloprooontativoa
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I an in roooipt or your lottlr of August 10,
1957 uitb which worn onoloaod a lattor fromBoaator 11111:: I. Juan ciatod August 2, 1957» anda oopy o S.26l+6. .
I Iour thoughtfulno I in forwarding thiantariol to no ia indoor! ap;-aoiatod.
While I would like to be of assistance
to you in this latter, the policy or this Bureau
over tho you-s ha; boon to retrain from commuting$11 lattora legislation imamoh asaolattcraaraui -tho purviowotthotinitad
Btataa Gong:-oaa. I u so:-o you will appreciate thoroaaona for thin policy. _ ;
tho IJOIOIIIIII to your 5
aturnod hornrith tor the oouplotion of
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Honorable Jonas T. Patterson
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Hollon III-Subcommittee will meet today at ° ** F} _g§L§_____ r ecurity92 0 a. m., Room 45': senm m =s1on to hold hearings_ a bill to limit the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court 1ncertain cases. Miss Stephanie Horvath, Bureau of Special Police, New York
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Oié Memorandum - UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
ma. L. v. B0ARDHAN%;-ETHAS1 mm August 14, 19}-sf
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VTolson /snow = MR. J. H. BELMONT d:__1 - yr. Boardman kMh:;»_
Hr. e non fi, s 1 ¢ 4' ..f.%?§"~15U3JECT= OLEGISLJTIVE JLAITERS "°" Parson: .___
Rosco _.____ 3.2646
Tlmm i____
Congressman James T. Patterson R!, Connecticut, by :;:;;f::letter dated 8-10-57} received 8-l2-5?, enclosed a letter to ;jrR®m___
him from Senator Iilliam E. Jenner R!, Indiana, dated 82- ° a o 2 6 in rod ed in he Sena e on "?-26- 7. nd a copy f S. 64 t uc t t 5
Congressman Patterson requested the Director's comments and advice
regarding this bill. K '
8.2646 seeks to abolish the appellate jurisdiction of the
Supreme Court in connection with l! the functions of congressional
committees; ! programs dealing with subversion in the executive
branch of the Government; ! state laws which deal with subversives
within the state; ! rules adopted by school boards or similar bodies
dealing with subversive activities among teaching bodies; and ! laws,
rules and regulations of any State Board qf Bar Examiners or similar
bodies with regard to action taken pertaining to admission of persons
to practice law within a state. -
Ibis proposed legislation is entirely regulatory in nature
and does not qfect the Bureau's jurisdiction.
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ce since correspo
OMHEND ZION
EL_lt is recommended that Congressman Patterson be advised that
since his letter deals with legislative matters which are solely within
the pufview of Congress, we must refrain from.jurnishing our comments.
Lf you agree, there is attached an appropriate reply to CongressmanPat;prson- " a
. L/92 1, 92-1; -' ii nus 22 1951 -
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7'1HEARING
IETEHNAL SECURITY SUPCOMHITTEE ON
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nclrsed is a Photostat qf Volume 131 Qf public
fcjore captioned Subcommittee, 8/7/5?, togetherT:.l_-./tr
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qt §L¬&§6LJ85th Congress, first session. Proceedings
qf above bill.
urpose of bill is to deprive U.S. Supreme Court of
urisaiction in 5 types of litigation; ! involvingstatement of Senator Jenner, member of Subcommittee
al committees, ! security of U.S. Government employees,
taiutes or regulations regarding subversive matters,
egulations regarding subversive activities qf school
:, rules of state bar examiners regarding subversive
s of prospective attorneys at law-
Senator Jenner eznlained that recent Shnrene Court
I!
the above legislation. l EA; ,;;.;;;¢,,'}i;1a'a;.;i;;.a;';>;'».I;';.;';;.,;;I' Em
~929292
File enclosures fr" information, no indexing necessary.
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O?ce Memorandum - UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
m Mr. Tolson nan. 8-2-5'7
T llo
IIOM :
in connection with the American Bar Association
Convention in London, Mr. Cimperman, pursuant to my instructions,
made arrangements to hire a car for the use of the Attorney General. We
went down to Qauthampton to meet the Queen Mary on its arrival on the
evening ti July 22. The State Department sent cars down for the Chief Justice
and Justices Harlan and Clark. The Attorney General was most appreciative.
we got him off the boat about 10:30 p. tn. and got him hack to London shortly
after midnight. The other Justices followed shortly thereafter although some
of the people did not get back to London until Tuesday morning.Gdolw
0
Tuesday afternoon we learned that the Chief Justice and the
Associate Justices had no transportation and considerable confusion had developed
as a result. fl told Cimperman that we had better try to get three extra cars for
them in the event they did not have transportation. That evening the Attorney
Genera went to the theater and on the way asked the driver to call us and say
the Chief Justice did not have transportation and request that we endeavor to
arrange something for him. This we were already doing. By this time cars
were hard to get and Cimperman did succeed in getting three cars which he hired
and we called the Justices and told them about the c rs. The Chief Justice wasmost appreciative as BIB Clark and Harlan. 1- ..._ "5" L-_' 7' ~-r 4/ -7nor nsconocn 1! ,
On Wednesday morning we told the Amllittltoeseléi we had
done this and he inquired if we we gotten his message and I told him we had
and had taken steps before we got his message. He st!Té'Ul'l'é'W5.§'El§d because
the Embassy had fallen down and under the circumstances he didn't see that
there was anything else we could do. The Justices were most appreciative
and on several occasions commented on their appreciation and that they couldn't
understand why the State Department had not made arrangements. We later
learned that on Thursday night, July 25, the Embassy had called the British Lav.Seder? and Stated they had nowgsecpred Hqlh9r .ls8tt?E$-
|The Law Society stated that they haclgotten some cars for the American Bar
Association officials and this was not a matter for the Law Society. IE"Uft!ou'rseis atrocious that the State Department fell down. I think our agtipgwlil-,,l gay ,. dividends. '
cc - Mr. Mohr W__* r 1t J 1
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I tie net, e! ecurse, knew hes: muss s
cost 9 pounds $25. 20 a day! if the car is used all day. Otherwise it is on an
hourly basis. At the most we will probably get a bill for between two t0*tl_3ree
hundred dollars for each d the Justices. I told Cimperman to go ahead and
Qyloruthe cars and inude J, i,p, h_,,_i-= e,§wcnse account. The three Justices asked
that their deepest appreciation he expressed to the Director for the courtesies
extended to them. The Attorney General commented on it on several occasions
during the period we were there.
"rue day the Attorney General left he told us that the Chief Justice
had talked to him about the alertness of the Bureau and how much he appreciated
our taking care of him. No services were extended to Others although! the
Departmental crowd did want Cimperman to make appointments with British
officials for them. I told Cimperman to tell them this was an Embassy function
and to take it up with the Embassy.
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CAUTION: snvnucs Lewis conch son RELEASE HEDnESDAY,
l.H. AND PJI. PAPERS. HUST NOT BE PIBLISHZED BEFORE THAT
1' </"%'IASHIHG'I0N REPORT - 0 $Q§
BY rut-ros_1.su1s,m. Q2! ' gale
Miss
"i*i___ c! 1957. KING rescues SYNIGATE,INC.
WASHINGTON, .81.-Y 30--Prelsident Eisenhower has more res
on
isconcern about the Sugreme Court than appears the surface,
the trend of decisions is not accidental. It part of an
man
IIIUII
In 9292as Q3 51% 3
recent Washington dinner conversation. '
'1'he lady in question must remain anomrmous, but she is the wife
of a top-drawer presidential adviser. The affair was formal. Chief
92
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F01-. .LEASE wsmrsspsv, JULY 31.195: i PAGE 2
i I
BY rumor Lsw1s,.m. - X1 0*-
Harren's appointment was, of course, in repayment of a political
debt. He delivered the California delegation to Ike at the Chicago
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'Tl|§l§HI. 92 _»_ . .- ,92,_ IOté M6 alum - UNITED s GOVERNMENT
/ ,DATE: 4f/f/'
To I The Director
1'-ROM = J.P.Mohr
/I
QUBJECT = The Congressional Record
Pages A6|.|.06-eh Congressman Smith, R! California, extended his remarks
A 07 to include two editorials which appeared in the Los
Angeles Evening Herald Express dealing with recent
decisions of the Supreme Court. This was set forth
in an earlier memorandum inasmuch as the editorials
contained references to Mr. Hoover and the FBI in
connection with the release of Bureau records.
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New RECORDED
in sue >4-=1 1957
-------"nIII"-"'
>
In the original of a memorandum captioned and dated as above. lb! COHIIIIIJOIIQI
Record for , . I - was reviewed and pertinent items weremarked for the Director's attenon. This form has been prepared in order that
portions of a copy of the orlqinal memorandum may be clipped, mounted, and
.place.d.in appropriate Bureau case or subject matter files.
92 ib-5AUG 27195'1'f¢92~4...,
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Fl-OM = J.P.Mohr
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B13971 The Congressional Record
Pegee A6351M353 5"1"°I' 30"!!!» R! New Hempehtre, extended hie remarksto include excerpt: from an add:-en delivered by Honorable
lbire and president of the Iettonel Aeeoaietion of Attorney!
General, before the national eonventton at the eeeooietionZ: MI u 1951, at Bun vallei, Idaho, on the lubjeot ere recent Supreme Court decie oral relating to Cqmmnlltj,
n'r"'°n°" *9 W FBI: in connection with deeilion relen-
ing Bureau records, have been noted,
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|__-_________NOT nzconoso
141AUG cu 1957.
5 '2 E M - 3~ P J 1957
In the orlqlnal of a memorandum captioned and dated as above, the Conqreeelonol
Record for " *' '* ff - ,1 was reviewed and pertinent items were
marked for the Director: attention. This form has been prepared in order that
portions oi a copy of the orlqlnal memorandum may be clipped, mounted, and
placed in appropriate Bureau case or subject matter les.5°"-13 co "Ill": H-°!'n°7 Benerel of the Btete of New Hemp- 92§92
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It-512 -29~s5!IINIIIDFUIHNQII
Ojri - UNITED s _I!VERNMENT
TO :
FROM 2
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as -leek?The Director r>m= 6 4;,/Q. 7"' r
1. P. Mohr
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The Congressional Record
Senator Goldwater, R! Arizona, extended his rerrnrks to
include an article written by Mr. Terrence A. Carson
which anneared in the Arizona Romiblin of A 1: 1n
? es - --------- ---,_1--- -- -Jesus- -~- - concerning recent decisions oi the Supreme Court. lhe -
reference to the FBI, contained in the article, was set
forth in a memorandum written earlier this date.
92
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' NOT RECORDED
141 AUG 291957.
|-_-1--_||¢-q_g--m.
In the original of a memorandum captioned and dated as above, the Conqreeeional
Record 1°; /,_ /_ I -. _r was reviewed and pertinent items were
marked for the Director: attention. This form has been prepared in order that
portions of a copy of the original memorandum may be clipped, mounted, and
placed in appropriate Bureau case or subject matter les.
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""' J-3 2 -Y ./5' 1?To = The Director DATE S" "-
nom = J.P.Mohr
1,- ~' _ ,,_____ 5"; /fr I
ITJBJIK-T= The Congressional Record
Pages A6873- A687h Senator Thurmond, D! South Carolina, requested to haveprinted in the Record an article written by David Le.-re
rence entitled "Red Spies an"! Naive Americans -- New
Revelations of Soviet Activities Cited as Proving
Menace Is Real" which appeared in the Washington Even-
ing Star of August 20, 1957. The references to the
FBI were set forth in an earlier memorandum.
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141 Aura 291957-
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portions of a copy of the original memorandum may be clipped, mounted, and
placed in _qppI'0pl'1CIl9 Bureau case or subject matter files.W
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1u-512 -29-55! -IfA@l@P92Hll!.I4 -F I/P Oice ll/I677.-. .;..:Zum - UNITEDS ' EOVERNMENT
T0 = The Director cum J/3 /53'?
mm = J. P. Mahr
. é, .' ., '____,' -
'V_'5J3¢T = The Congressional Record
Pages A7279-728 Senator Neuberger, D! Oregon, extended his remarks
A 0 to include excerpts from en editorial entitled "A
Rebirth of Freedom" which appeared in the Progress-
ive magazine of August, 1.957» The references to the
FBI contained in this editorial were set forth in e
previous memorandum.
' I
V--e
. if1 " ~_92 nor asconoco
14155? 11* 1957-
,'
1:1!-Fiji-'_i
In the oriainal oi a memorandum captioned and dated as above, the Conqreeeional
Record for 7 . 11/ "I 1_ / was reviewed and pertinent items were
marked for the Director: attention. This form has been prepared in order that
portions of a copy of the oriainal memorandum may be clipped, mounted, and
placed In appropriate Bureau case or subject matter les.
3
4-750 Rev. 4-17-85!
E]
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D
XXJDKXX .
XXXXXX
XXXXXX *- 1 xxxxxx
xxxxxx
xxxxxx
FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGQTIDN
FDIPA DELETED PlGE lllFDIlMlTl0ll SHEET
Pagetsl withheld entirely at this location in ue file. One or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
Deleted under BX6mpti0n B! _ with no segregable
material available for release to you.
Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Documents originated with another Government ageney ies!. These documents were referred to that
agency ies! for review and direct response to you.
Pages contain information furnished by another Government agencyes!. You will be advised by the FBI as
to the releasability of this information following our consultation with the other agencyes!.
Pagetsl withheld for the following reasontslz
92 92 I.. :..- __ _ ___ ll _ __ ,_ _. _, __ 7 vi wyIf mg arm 573w/5»?
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-'nnnin/4 a-512 -29-55! I'|'[email protected]
Ojfri Memomndzlm - UNITED sures GOVERNMENT
T0 r The Director l DATE: 7* I/7
non = J. P. Mohr
'U3JBcT = The Congressional Record
Page A7850 Congreggmlgn Ray, Rigew York, extended his remark: concerningrecent c ions of th upréeme Coggt. He state-:1 "Six oi those
decisions must be attr te to ommisaiona or detective action on
part of Congress. Another, the Jencks case, involved unwise tacti
by the prosecution in a criminal case in a Federal court - and 2, 92iDre-men and Zucca, involved improper actions of 2 bureaus of the §
Department oi Justice." He went on to state "The Jencks, Krernen, an
Zucca resulte can be avoided in the future by adequate action in the
department concerned.
""'_ _ _/ - _
,92
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nor nzconornINDEXED - 1 141 SE? 1;; 1951
Q: nxmm. aLnrIr'c.u.'.r
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92;-Q .
/ta?57SEP ]_g]957 l
In the original oi a memorandum captioned and dated as above, the Conarenaional
Record for 72,- _ I;/,_/ , was reviewed and pertinent items were
marked for the Director; attention. This form has been prepared in order that
portions of a copy of the original memorandum may be clipped, mounted, and
placed in appropriate Bureau cane or subject matter tiles.1
'~.
"92
92
92
92
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1R/i92r¥@9M =Oi Zn»- - UNITED SGOVERNMENT
1 Mr. TO1B0n our 9/16/57
To1., R 1cm-|-naA/ W-u an ¢1 Bocunan i
Belmont i
Mob: _i.._.
Parsons 3U'm: D --'l-/ . 1 '; Rosen__
92 , - I __ _ _,, , Tamm _._r i W V 7 _= ___ __ A_ _ ___ V__ ,,_ ____ __*"'*' ' *'*T""_ " ' I IU92lP[
You will recall that late in AugustEmerson larker, was found dead. Harlan got
ascer ed the preliminary facts SAC
and <_:a.1_led lim-
_ / _ ,_h_
3.01
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21 SEP 17 1957
i __.___INDEXED 99I course, did not call Harlan and have taken no furtherNoose _..__.__Har1an's messenger, -,,,,_ Rm, _
over __ Holloman __in the _ '- 92Gcmdy i
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Oie M67/5; '1ulum - UNITED _!*"'! s GOVERNMENT
The Director mm $ air?
non = J.P.Mohr O
' _-,1 Q; it If L-
WBJB¢'1'= The Congressional Record
Piges lh53l
134555Congressman Davis, D! Georgia, spoke concerning recent
decisions of the Supreme Court. He made reference to
the FBI in connection with the Jencka case. Mr. Davis
stated "What the Supreme Court has said in this long
chain of decisions involving Comunists and matters of
national security is in effect that Congress over a
period of k0 years, that the lower trial ad supreme
courts of the several States, that State legislatures
and investigating committees, the Federal ad State
prosecutors, that the FBI and all over Government
security agencies, that the Subverslve Activities
Control Board and Federal Loyalty Review Boards,
that State bar examiners and other State and muni-
cipal boards of education, as well as literally
thousands of experts on communism, including for-
mer members of the Communist conspiracy, who publi-
cly testified under oath, all were wrong.-..A handful
of six or seven Supreme Court justices have set aside
and declared null'and void all the labor and the vast
sum total of knowledge, study, and experience of liter-
ally thousands of legislators, FBI experts, and other
authorities. The very audacity of this assumption of
sole knowledge and wisdom is stunning and shocking."
, r./.": "/
N01 n+:r:'RDl°
141 SE? 18 1957.
__,.,___-»- --'_-.__.-
J- l ....4_, V 1
In the original of a memorandum captioned and dated aa abovm" CQIIGYIIIIOBQI
Record for 4,; ,, /_ I was reviewed and pertinent items weremarked for the Director's at ention. This form has been prepared in order that
portions of a copy of the original memorandum may be clipped, mounted, and
a e reau case or subject matter ies.£5 §%w"2s"1§s°r ,,,,/myI
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I I O Memorandum - UNITED srxrns eovnnmmn-r
/. ..
To = The Director DATE: 0' "
I101! I J. P. Hohr
'U'5J3°T = The Conqreeedonal Record
PIgem.AG989- Chu3reeenunr1V1hune, ldhnleqnn,lmnenimihmlreauuteln
A5981 reglmxd Q by time _unrImIl Court. He Ltd!-ed peopleafthetnduutihdeeewelnmnudnglmoneendlnoreldanmedawertne
cumrenttramdoetbepmrtaltbelhquenurCeurthadeckkrceeee,not
aoetntthe lute, hutretheroewnettheythtnkthe levehoul be."
He included with his r-emu-he aisle written by Me!. Freder-ick_wzmm ma appeared m 0, 1m, m nHou-F -5.199993"! New _ P°n§2Ql_9."!P§9 ,P'15¬Y!d.5"Y{h3
QQE¥§41NIlJUnull Rant;--1nng¢DraenwLndi3ahEu'C1821:
Cited Ll " The article makes e relerence to the
8uprenu:CburUethmhaeuuneeehqpritee.
3""*°1' M3111?!» P! I161!-1-gen, epoke eanoerning the
Seeeo-Venzetti eeee end the Supreme coure decision
in the Jenoke eeee. Be etrted "I-he Supreme Court hoe
eoted in the eeuee or individual liberty. Ae I have
eeid previously on this oor, I believe the earlier
ninlppronheneions mi -1e92.-.1-do:-et-eeqi-.=,5= or the =.-n-.=
ing of the Jenelre deeieion ere rapidly being eleei-ed:1"! 5! our Federal ,1udgee." He goes on to etete
The supreme court deeieion, I reel, wee e eound one.
1'59 ilhrvretetion ie working iteelr out. zuasv' lussa
J 11-"
.@.| / -" » c929292UY-I3-0 '|~T67rREc_5§o:o 1 .3. 141 SEP 191951
.92
?
In the orialnal of a memorandum captioned and dated ae above. ibt C¢>1NII0ll1°Nl92
Record [qr / , - . _;' -- ' nae reviewed and pertinent items were
marked for the D1rector'e attention. Thte form hae been prepared in Order lhi
porttone oi a copy of the orlainal memorandum may be clipped, mounted, andH
mi.
ti-.-~
Yd
files of the FBI shouldJages 1l;?l2- Congressman O'Hara, D_!I 1|+713 tion to protect the files of the FBI. He pointed out92
/I s-572 -29-55!
_J IIOice Memorandum - UNITED sums covnxmnam
T9 l The Director DATE: 21/ $7
73°-il l LP. Mohr
317319171 = The Conaresatonal Record
Pages lh71l- Congressman Metcalf, D! Montana, spoke concerning the
lh?l2 Jencks decision and legislation to clarify such ruling.
Mr. Metcllf stated Actually, as I read the case, the
decision of the'f_'§;p_g_eLn;e__§_qurt was a very correct one
and one that was on e narrow issue." The reference toFliltwas set forth in a memorandum prepared earlier
8 I I
Illinois, commented on legisle=
thet "It was never the contention of the Supreme Court
of the United States, as I read its words, that the
be opened for all the world.I- "=-I _ gig I e jorth in an earlier memorandum.
_.1_
f
' en
,__~1o
3ages lhT39~ Congressman Philbin, D! Massachusetts, spoke concern-
1h7u0 ing legislation to clarify recent decisions of the
Supreme Court. He'stated "I think it would be most
unfortunate, indeed it could be disastrous in some
respects, if Congress were to adjourn without enact-
ing pending legislation designed to correct and ad-
just the effects of several recent Supreme Court92 decisions." He made reference to decision releasing} to see." This w s s t f
FBI files. '
r /1 D 1./ M
' no-r neconorzo
141 SEP 23 I957.
_-.1:----1-|-xx--|---1
III'1'IALs es Ihiilhu
In the oriqiqal of a memorandum captioned and dated as above, the Conqresaional
Record for 7 "/ ' /- , was reviewed and pertinent items were
marked tor the Director's attention. This term has been prepared in order that
portions oi a copy of the original memorandum may be clipped, monlldr nd
kJp1<ed92t_n_app£opr1ate Bares: Ease or subject matter tiles.
'7 F55tl" 251957 "1Q/Z.
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§Oice Memorandum - um-ran STATES oovzmqmaur
ro s Mr. Tolaon nxrm September 3, 1957
u/ I _ _ olson _...._._tom : L. B. Nichols
magnet: _ /t / L9/J bu 4 _ .41
Th -Director has instructed that hereafter when we recei . ' _requests from thgqB92T92preme Court ho action is to be taken thereon until the " ° matter has been presenfé £6 £E1E"Director and he'person__al.ly rules on the R
request. - E; -1.
-Y; ,
r ""cc - Mr. Boardman / ,cc - Mr. Belmont ea j;
cc - Mr. Rosen
LBNZIIII Yr o
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1.-1| ta :-"0-a-an ..FEDERAL BEIREAU or INVE.'_ GATION
J
" _ .1, , 1957
TO:
._ Director __..Mr. Noose. 5744
.__Mr. Tolson. 5744 _M1ss Gcmdy, 5633
......_Mr. Bourdmon, 5736 __Mr. Hollomun, 5533.. .-. .. iMI. uoimoru, 1742 ._,i_ ._=_..?_,_ __:_._ . ___m. mm, ssn _._Rec0rds Brunch 25,;Mr. Parsons, 7621 .._Pers. Records, 6631 "'" __{1a_=i _"j_'~'.__u:. Boson, 5706 ___Reod1nq Room,'5533 .3;_._ r Tcunm 5256 _Cour1er Service. 1541 -"_ n-=* Q; M .- - ___ .-.- »
_......_Mr. Trotter, 4130 IB __Mc|i1 Room{5531 "- ;..__ . I.-..._,._; -.-s» _ - - - -;.r."'-r .
___Mr. 312.00, 1742
_. Code Room, 4642
_..._Mr. Nichols, 5640 .__Mechc|nicul, B-110
__. McGuire, 5542
.._.Mr. Wick, 5634 _.__Tour Room, 5625v '
'-1--~_ _;'_¢- "H: __ .
_._Supp1y Boom, B2215 of '»-1 -V 1..- . .-- ,..,_._Mr[-DeL.oc|9h. 5636 __StoP Desk. 7712 ._§_f: "5'**"'" -
I orqam 5 25 : "'07_ 92. E: ____Miss Lurz .':Q;~;__IU-_;_§._1;>'"'r. I614; Z36 ___Mrs. Faber.__Mr. Le nclrd, 6222 IB .__.M1ss McCord E.rY
- R QT :.-___M1-_ wqtkq 7204 __M1ss Rogers -2 H H _i_-
...._Mr. Eurnes, 7206 ._Miss Pdqett
ivir u"hei-ry" 553'? Mrs. Dillon :1-uu O I l -1 I
...._.$ee Me
.__F'or Your Inio
._-.For oppropriute .__.N0te G Return
action
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L. B. Nichols
' Room 5640, Ext. 691"92"" ...- _ 4"-.'i'£-"'4" ' ""'.92 .Ir1
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"T? oountry Governs Best That Gove . - ..st"
' Li/"."//92 1
,2éAFER ways As_.so.c1A1.1._Q.1.~1-_,0
Safer Ways to Walk and Drive and Safer Ways to Drive On
Octagon Building, Lake Carmel
Box 42. Carmel New York
A voluntary, non-prot, non-partisan, national organization to prevent traffic
accidents and the social welfare problems which they sans-e, The program will
become effective through the initiative and cooperation of its affiliated autono-
mous state and local associations which will control the national organization.
DOIIIUTTEE ON0R ;,92N1zAT101q September 25; 1957
J. Edgar Hoover, Esq., Director
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Ninth 8: Pennsylvania Avenues, N.W.
253 Dec! _
Dear Mr. Hoover:
Enclosed is sent to you for what it may be worth.92"' " -Z; I1|; Mr. Tolson IMr Nichols i -3 Mr. B0s.rdman.__
i Mr. Belrnont_..i
Mr. Mohr__._i_
1| Mr. Parsons_..._
Mr. Rosen.i_i
I . Tamm _.e_.._...Mr
, M". Trotxei'i._.__
Mr N . ease
Tele. Room..._____ 1
Mr. Hvlloman '92
Mi! ah ylI ,.
the oi*~eha.nee that you may wish to discover whether members -of thetgupreme Qourt p-use tranquilizer pills, possibly through
the ef or s of communists, I shall regard this memo as being e
confidential until I hear from you.0.
Y
I have had no occasion to communicate with Judge Hugo 3//
Black since I left Birmingham in 1917, but have known him since
shortly after he graduated from the University of Alabama and
became Judge of the Recorderis Court in Birmingham. He was e
sponsored by the K.K.K; nhen he suooeeded Sens Qsear W. Under-
wood who had refused to run under the aegis of that organiza-
tion. Black was very active in church work. Who ever heard
01 a member of the Klu Klux favoring integration?
- 1 - . no 1- I _- 1 - _ -. __ an.It 18 my understanding that Bilck and Judge Frankfurter
have rarely agreed on Court decisions, but they did agree on£4the integration question. I amunable to think of any ration-
al explanation for his conduct in voting for the integration eof negroes and whites in the publieschools. ,s ,.. .-.-,- ,.. _g KR 20 ML-- »92i!3?51=-=1 I l -7 - ___,.These and other. cons'i.d0era"Pions indicate herewitvhave
caused me to suspect that Black and Tether members of the Su-
preme Court are victims of tranquilizbr pills. We are assured
Tl? |A92IIl7'92Q*r92¥ J51 nvlin I'|vI92n- .I192Q1~r 1l92nQ-|921"§ -L 'I-- Q---I 1-1 -_--._-ll; Dun-L;-Iv uuu y.u.JB.l.u.l.I.|.si: rvssuv 9:16] Il.I.AULL.l-.1! {IUD UH I-LBBQ U! IJJJQILU
wit e Food 6; Drug Administration and the N.Y. Academy
He ne. I am sending you data on this subject under eI! i 1 g___H | I . 92_i- Q 92 -.;- W [Q f Sincerely,
I ENCLOSURE All Bela! Reform Must Be Self irnpos cl
D 'l419§7H~7*».DUoccupyiné"important positions. But t.hey92are being taken by _. importent"executives of large organizationste__oona-a-t- us-"'f, tension and high blood pressure. I /4* _n__r £30lT9'G3lN| . s ~. ~ " _
Do you have any _iniormation ooncerning "amphetamine as
u cause of juvenile delinquency? We are working he-eooperai71't'5l'i"
of
.- D W
2§§NqU§§IZERS_; A yaluable Weapon in92Chemical warfare
Are Supreme Court Judges victims of a Communistic plot? Scientists
have recently discovered through research that some tranquilizers
rad-use 1'|n.~nn tie n 51-_n+-.1 ef eQm'r92'I use-|-1+. n~l-.111;-In-'l'1~l-.-ur Thla gas = 92I92q ulllidmlw In Vin-92I92l lngrgun any liven:-I4-92|.n.U
ted recently in the conduct of an important executive of a large cor
poration. He took a tranquilizing pill before writing an important
address he was scheduled to make to his board of directors, but the
speech was a complete flop and the board decided to find a new man
for his Job.
How do we know that agents of the Russian government are not
slipping a few pills into the food or beverages of members of the
Supreme Court or that Russian agents have not found ways to get mem-
bers of the Court to take the pills while they are in the process of
deciding what action should be taken on important issues? Tranquil-
izers are being used by millions of people in the U.S.; they are
guaranteed to relieve the users of anxiety and tension when they are
confronted by serious problems, some of which may involve their wel-
fare and reputations. at such times, anxiety causes most normal
people to face their problems and do their best to solve them.
Use of tranquilizers by members of the Supreme Court might very
well hccount for the decision that enables lawyers representing Com-
munists to examine confidential records of the F.B.I. and thereby
secure acquittal of their clients and possibly endanger the lives of
e .. e . .4 92 r 2- a
both sections on this question of sending negro and white children
to the same schools. lThe ruling of the U.B. Supreme Court to termin
ate segregation is now being enforced in some places and has reached
a showdown stage in all communities. We are told that the objective
is to provide equal rights for all citizens. The following consider-
ations suggest there must be something wrong with our Constitution
or with the interpretation made of its provisions by the Court.
' It is safe to say that the men who argued over every word and
phrase in the Constitution and Bill of Rights and finally agreed on
their phraseolcgy were determined to protect the rights of all citi-
zens and at the same time make it possible for the citizens of the1n
nini-.n!n h n'r9292!4:wvr92i-nAn§': ¥.'|"92lsi-. ,wr92
92
e- v , Qan '~ ', 92 _ I
sens. It will dwarf their spiritual and intellectual development.
Should the people of the South allow themselves to be intimidated by
a Supreme Court ruling guaranteed to cause Juvenile delinquency?
Is it possible for a white boy to injure seriously or kill a
colored child without having this event color his thinking and atti-
tude toward negroes during the remaining years of his life? Is a
colored boy who sees one of his race injured by several white boys
-_ _.. l _ 'l..._..1 ..........I.____ _.|92 ___ _z92 .L92__._ _.92_l_- 1__ _ __.i Mincpme an loyal employee Ol one OJ. tnem Wnen £16 gT'0iIB up!
The ruling of the Supreme Court is creating hatreds that will affect
the lives and cause the death of whites and negroes in the South dur-
ing each of many years to come. "
Intimate daily association between white and negro children can-
not exist until such time as the parents of the white children over-
come their present prejudice against having mulattoes as grandchildren
Theracial problem in the South is being solved by the Mendel law which
is rapidly eliminating the negro. Its operation, however, is not ap-
proved by a majority of the whites, yet there are,few if any real ne-
groes living in the South. The whites are violently opposed to any
sudden change in social relationship between the two races that pro-
motes miscegenation - a criminal offense in Southern states.
"0-v ' .": Q _*" 1,. .- 0..
by Karl Marx as a means of creating dissension between citizens of
capitalistic nations? are we not justified in suspecting that the
Supreme Gohrt is the catli-pat of the Moscow omittee on Ideological
Warfare? Is it not in the interest of all citizens of the U.S, for
our Government in Washington to know whether rabble-rouser Frederick
J. Kasper is on the payroll of the Moscow government?
What could be more pleasing to the Russians than to see things
reach a stage/where there is armed conflict between citizens of the
South and armed intervention by our National Government? Is there
a remote possibility that Judge Felix Frankfurter is at heart a fel-
low traveler? He raised this suspicion in the minds of many people
when he te r Alger Kiss. " not true that the people of
the U.S. are entitled to know whether he was a leader in advocating
to his associates the ruling adopted by the Court?
On October 18, 1956, physicians who had done research on tran-
quilizers at the University of Michigan and elsewhere reported their
findings at a meeting of the New York Academy of Sciences. Aldous
Huxley was present and is quoted as saying:
The next few years will see the development of many
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rlr. TO:
__Dirsctor
__Mr. Nichols
Bosrdmsn
Belmont
Mohr
Rosen
Tsmm
Mr. Trotter
Mr. Parsons
___Mr. Nessa
___Mr. Hollomsn{Miss Gsndy
____Personne1 Files
____Racords Section. ___Mrs. Skillmsn __Mrs. Browninu-
iiNit: I -___
Boar an__
Belmont___I Mr. Hohr-..___,_
Hr. Pa:-solm____
Hr. Ros¬!L______
Hr. TamrIL____
Mr. 'lrotter_..__
Hr. Neuse._.____
T1.-le. RoQll92_.__
Mr. Hol1omn1L___
His: Gandy-__
--_..__.___
tin
Section
See Me
Send File Note aFor appropriate action
nd ReturnPi-_;_V . .._'_»_ _i__', .._-
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."" *1:JUSTICE JOHN M HARLAN September 17, 1957
My dear Mr. N1ch015
I want to thank you for your trouble and -
courtesy a few weeks ago m passmg along th - -%__:'
fo1'mat1onlregard.1ng the cn-cumstance of the M '
death of my late messenger, Emer so arker -
I appremate very much, mdeed, the promp - "="-;
ness w1th wh1ch you acted _ 1 afz-Y
Smcerely yours,
QECURDED 89
INDEXED 89
Loms B N,1cho1s, Esqmre
Assastant to the D1rector, III-""' """""
Federal Bureau of Invest1gat1on, 0 $1Department of Just1ce, 1 on 1 _____
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j? 1 - Hr. Nichols» CM= Mr. A. H. B¢1IOI1t¢ 57;. '1 - Mr. Boardman '
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Information previously furnished by-has been
unreliable, and he has made numerous false accusations concerning-
lllureau Agents. I-'herefo no credence should be
IVCII ID I115 rllrlls CU nus UCUII FCPUILEU I5aving a mental condition in the gas! and has been characterized
by Bureau Agents as somewhat psyc opathic. Therefore, informationreceived from WM n at a limited value. In view ofbackgrounds of __ a they should not be interviewed
concerning this latter. However, Washington Field Office should be
requested to d tain the identity of newly appointed
law clerks to and upon receipt of same,
Bufiles will be c ec conce them.
.
* 1. That orwnot be interviewed to/;[,ascertain the ident ty 0 law c er or his father because of
their backgrounds. -
M4,;
ll :1 BU I'l"§l.l-I-I-l9292Il.l IIQI.
requesting it certain identities of nb] /law clerks to approved.ml. A , , ,.,/X./
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- Mr. Belmont
October 9, 1957 ,_ _.
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AIRIEL
5-AC. Washington Hold
ALLBGATION 0! CONE]! / F FATHER _ IST AFPILIAIIGN
1 Enclosed are tw co in of 1 otter and 9-35-57rec ved 2 ch cm »aiomd :3 ; @180 Qffgco concerning thy gboyg-
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You are roqllnsttd toIIIIIIOI, the idutltiap and avulliunruhinisanli '°g?:'c" "'13 lPP0lntcd 1;! clerk; ee- i
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. pi!-,0 , ,,R_ A_ H. BEMOWM1 mm October 1o, 195? _
Tolson ./' K I 15/ QmiifI "° 3- R- R0495 B§T§.mT _'i
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cover mar czssxs TwH=r-_-_ / Nease_.___
_ E,ik;;11.2:Hr. ,Nicho1s' memorandum to Mr. Tolson dated October 8, ° *
195?, had as an attachment a 195'? list of employees of theSupreme Court by each individual Justice, by the Clerk's Office, -
by the Marshal s Office, and by other miscellaneous offices of the
6.0 -|"ta
On June 4, 195?, a memorandum, titled as in caption, from
you to Hr. Boardman stated that a check of our files had been made
concerning the law clerks of the various Supreme Oourt Justices. An
identical list to that attached to llr. Nichols memorandum was
obtained b the Washin t n F" ld y g 0 ie Office and has been made a part
of the file 62-27585-62. This latter-merit um waspredicated upon information received from cncerningthe possible presence of a group of "left wing aw clerks assisting
the U.S. Supreme Court Justices.i e Qmm: , £9 H 7
r Ncne.- This is for information purposes only.
- Hr. Belmont W- iai cti .- 6i /'9292/ 1,We bvc» - V ~ I
b e RECORDED-46
EX-131- Hr. Ni chols
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T0 =Mr. Tolson nxrm October 8, 195'?
Q1 1 :::::;;jljunou = 1.. B. Nic£1 W
SUBJECT:
l
O I am attaching hereto a list of 195'? employees oi the
Sugreme Qgggt by each individual Justice, by the Clerk's Office, by
the Marshal's Office, and by other miscellaneous oices of the Court.
' Enclosure W
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Hayes, Lt. N. Harry, 1600 52d Ave., S.E.
Kendrick, Capt. John B., 1&2 Elmira S. W.
Larson, Mrs. Fannie R., 6007 Anniston Rd., Bethesda
Revelle, Geo. F. Plumber! 1.776 213a Rd. N. nu-1.
Rouzer, Carroll E. Air Conditioning! 3020 Dent Pl.
Slade, Horace F., 3715 25th N. Arl.
Moody, Graham B., Jr.
Mankiewicz, Frank F.
Mangu, John K.
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I. B0 _ I
. '_ ' '7 B9 _____ ., 6 V THE COMMISSIONER or-' NARCOTICS
- 3- 5,= ' WASHINGTON _ '
- *m.m ,_ .; a_ ' 92C f F October 22, 1.95? N-P?-girl:- - - / C1 7?92 Q Tele. R'>om_
" Mr. H'1li<:n1ln_ 92
H18! Gnndy ____ YY / e
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I I
Honorable John Edgar Hoover
' Director _ _
Federal Bureau of Investzgatzon%:§%:a£;*:2;, °15.<"z-W W
Dear Edgar:
92 Yvu will be intgr-¢e§!/e/d the
attached analysis bg'W¬ s
W '?é'Sha::_z_o_r_r___ A4;
mum A Sincerely .U0ur-S» /H
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The Aherican people have always accepted the decisions of
ahe United States luprese Court as the lss of the land. Is leoh
with suspicion upon anyone she criticisss the Court. 1he theory
that once the Buprese Court has spoken there is no right G5 criti-
cise, is misleading and a syth. Iithin the Court itseli, dissent-
ing Judges write their own opinions and in vigorous language, criti-
cise the action o! their associates.
Under the leadership of Chis! Justice Isrl Inrren, the
Court has been captured by the "liberal bloc" and this bloc is in
_conplete command, particularly in cases involving civil liberties.I The Court's rulings in such cases, together with its earlier de-
cisions in anti-trust regulation sud lilitary law, oleraly indicate
its philosophical trend. In the"bivil liberties" decision, the
snjortty see Chief Justice Iarren, Hugo L. Black, Iillias 0. Douglas
Harlan and Brennan. This quintet has been rigorously criticized by
the legal fraternity and hr proninent sen in high oiiice. !o critic
-
oi the civil liberties decisions has been sore caustic than one oi
the seshere of the Court: Justice Clark. The universal uproar stems
tros the tact that its rulings have sade it_di!ticult and probably
impossible for the government to prosecute communists, subrersives
and those persons plotting to overthrow the government by violent
T , '
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. .1 "recent rulings involving Congressional authority, internal subver-
sion and international affairs. He concluded by holding that
lawyers ought to hack the Court "whether they agreed with the de-
cisions or not."
That the opinion of Senator Javits is not shared by Isny is
tar iron the truth. Liberals, consunist eynpsthisers and aany well
nesning anericans, who have traditionally looked upon the Court's
decisions as sacrocanct, are in agreenent with him.
senator Javits' position is preposterous. Though the Couri
* coipoied of nine ién who or
sake mistakes as do lawyers, congressmen and husan beings in gener-
ewe
it- .., .._,_ _,_.f,:.. ._ .___.__,..-cit; i - r ' 1' *1 " "4
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_ #1 ~ ._;i; |- . ' -i - . - _ .- >11-'.'.'-'-'*i l""'---"75!-r.-:-.. _ .-. ..- 1-m _ .. ..... -.g _-e; ~ '-5-p .54 .5 -r n-H" _. =1 -ih °°"l°1°"*1° I1Y and delibera y ncluded, and involves an
assusption that knowledge and wisdos reside in us which has denied
our predecessors.
In the Dred Scott Case, Ahrahas Lincoln criticized the
Court, declaring the decision erroneous and pledging the Republican
Party to "do what we can to have it overruled." I
Franklin D. Roosevelt on larch 9, 1937, consenting on a
d°°1'1°" °f P9 3"PP6ne Court, said: "The Court in addition to the
rroper use of its Judicial functions has isproperly set itself up ns
a third house of the Congress - a super-legislature, as one of the
Justice: called it - reading into the Constitution, words and is-
plications which are not there.
"'9 hive. therefore, reached the point as a nation where
we auat take action to save the Constitution iron the Court and the
Court from itself ---.
1hu'dif2iculty with the Court today rises not from the
Court as an institution but fros the human beings within it."
In the case of Pennsylvania v. Steve Nelson, decided
April 2, 1956, the Supreme Court declared invalid the lass of forty-
two states prohibiting the knowing advocacy of the overthrew of the
Iovernsent of the United States by violence, as long as there is a
federal law against sedition. The argument of the Justice Department
V
that the State laws did not interfere with the enforcement of the
federal statute was oi no avail. Justices Reed, Burton and Hinton
vigorously dissented . _
On April 5, 1956, the sane Justices Reed, Burton and
Hinton again vigorously dissented when the sajority declared uncon-
stitutional, a provision of the Charter of New York City under which
one Professor Blochower, an employee of the City of New York, was
dississedrior failure to answer a question in an authorised inquiry,
on the ground that his answer sight incriainate him.
In a sisilar ease, involving Professor Paul N. Bweesy,
who had refused to answer questions about his beliefs and political
activities asked his during a hearing conducted by an authorised com-
sittee appointed by the low Hampshire legislature, the Court re-
versed a contsspt conviction. Justices Clark and Burton again visor-
ously dissented.
ln announcing the decision of the aagority in the case
of Professor sweezy. Chief Justice warren said: Ia believe that
there unquestionably was an invasion of petitioners 8weesy's!
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" .7 .;;*"*1---'
-Q. " -- - 1- . --' 2.!"* ""F"'liberties in the areas of acadenic and political expression - areas
n which governaent should be e- ;on--r reticent to tread ---- ea
do not nov conceive of any circusstances wherein a state interest
would Justify infringement of rights in these fields."
Justice Frankfurter, in an opinion concurring with the
result in the Sweezy case, stated that "in the political realn, as
in the academic, thought and action are presuptively immune froa
inquisition by political authority,"
' "c rien agreed eith Frankfurter. '" -"- -*
Douglas and Brennan agreed with Chief Justice Iarren. Justices
Clark and Burton dissented, saying that the Buprene Court had no
right to invalidate the action of the State of New Hampshire.
On June 17, 1957, the Court reversed the conviction of 14
California Communists found guilty under the 1940 Smith Act, free-
ing five and ordering a new trial for the other nine. this was the
same Smith Act under which, in a long and tumultuous trial before
Justice Iedina, eleven top Communist leaders were convicted. The
Court upheld the latter conviction but its aembership was not con-
stituted as now. Chief Justice Iarren, Harlan, Ihittiker and
Brennan were not senbers of the Court when the eleven Connunist
case was argued. _
The majority opinion -1! in the California Communist
conviction reversal was delivered by Justice John H. Harlan. It
held that the trial Judge had failed to sake clear n distinction
between "teaching of forcible overthrow of the government! as an
abstract principle" and any "effort to instigate action to that end
that while the Snith Act bars "organizing" agroup for the overthrr
of the government, the Cosnunist Party had been "organized" in 194:
long enough for the Statute of Limitations to have run out. Justic
Harlan said that "preaching abstractly" the forcible overthrow of
the government was not a crime underttheélavri
In the Iathins Case, the Court reversed the conviction
of labor leader John T. Iathins for eontespt of Congress. Iatkins,
f
'9-L* ._ .. - .' " -.:- .,*r.'. ;' :';.'-.-.'w-.. ""'~ -'
. In the Iatkine Cane, the lr1or' 3 held that eitnesee neat
he liven a tair opportunity to knee ehether they ere vithie their
local rights in relueing to neseer qpeetioue; that Iettiee hue teen
denied nu constitutional I-tent o1_ene nu-ooeu or lee; that the
qneetien under teeuiry at the tine Iatkins testitted eel lhscere
and that the systee ei lsterrogatllll one by the ocean» an not
adequately safeguard the right e!_lree eeeeeh. '
In the Jenche Ghee, the Court ordered a nee trial tor a t
inhor lender in lee Ioxico, convicted of lying hen he signed a non-
Ceenuniet oeth.' Ito decision one hased on the ruling that Jenchs .
had the right to inspect the secret I.n.!. tiles, ehiciz had been
denied to hie. the eecieion ens a 5-2-l opinion. Iive seubere of
the Court, Iarren, Black, Douglee, Frankfurter and Brennan eho erotc
the opinion, ruled that the deiendant had the right of inspection oi
confidential lilee, eithent any screening oi their relevancy, or
possible danger to security, by the trial judge. luticte Barlnn
and Burton concurred in ordering a nev trial, but only on the ground
that o. trial Judge no Iade a Iistakeuln defining columnar Party
eeeberehip to the jury. It ie notevorthy that Justices Iarlan and
Burton ineietdd that coniioentinl intornntion in security easep
isubl1t_t_ed flor ig_s_p_ection the trial Judge lot his tlecisio bf a .
ns to relevancy and security before being handed to the netense.
ilhie has been the cuetoe in Iederal Courts tor a long tine.!
Justice Clark eae the lone diseenter and hie opposition vas rigoroun
Oriticiea not only has cone tron lnyaen and lavyere but
tron Judges of courte throughout the country. it is never coneiderc
good taste tor Judges publicly to criticize the decieione oi other
courte. least of all, those oi our highest Court. It ie thereiore
signiticant to read the resolution oilered by Chief Justice Iorean #
hrterhurn oi the Buprene Court oi Indiana, at a conference oi Chief
Justicee oi the higheet courts of the tort!-eight states, ehich
reads: * '
Be it resolved, that it ls our opinion the Buprese Court
haj transgreeeed sound legal principlee. in particular, it hes
uaurped tact tindin: functions in eeighin: the evidence in the case?
of Ibnigehsrg v. ltnte Bar of California and Ichvare v. Board of Bar
leaninere oi Iev fork. ' '
Ioreover, the lureee Court hae encronched upon the iuril
diction of the state courte in holdins bar applicante in the stntel
of California end Isv Ierico say refuse to aneeer queetionl about
their nnet connections.
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#'g. ."Ie declare past acts do reflect directly upon applicants
iaracter and fitness and are a .ers relevant tor Onllidlrgtign
Ihether or not one eho sent through a long economic depreaa1°n
should have had the character to withstand the emotional ppdglj of
Communists is relevant in the analysis and determination oi the
melee. _n - a-Q - .1 ___ _$11 .
The Supreme Court is srong in holding such acts are Q;
no value in such determination.
°T °°I° UQBIQ td to sndernine confidence in the Judicial system
and respect tor the courts.
IIf92-mp 1|-Q l -¢_ __ _ _ L._ iVI-I7 -I- J ID III
vre not founded on sound legal principle
eiormation regarding
his history casts doubts upon his noral character in any etate oi
this union. Such refusal is a relevant factor to he veighted and
iallace refused stating that his superior, the Attorney General or
United States, had directed -_ ; to do so. the Judge then
tound Iallace guilty of contempt and fined his $1,000. The Judge's
words in imposing this tine are significant. He said, I frankly
hate to hand dovn such a fine, but I must be guided by the recent
Iupreme Court decision relating to your Agency." The Iathins de-
cision in effect puts it into the hands of any witness without ever
mentioning the 5th amendment to decide shat is relevant for his to
answer. The 5th amendment according to the Watkins decision, Justi-
ties a witness in claiming its imunity if he decides that he has no
confidence in the Conittee interrogating hie.
__ ,-hsuist
e.¬onspirators are having a Iield day, jeering at investigators and
Congressional Committees and celebrating their "victory" in the
crisis brought about by the Court's decisions in the civil liberty
cases.
Ihat consideration did the Court give to the safety and
security of the country when deliberating the cases oi the 14 Com-
munists, the Iatkins and Jencks cases? Did it consider that the
t ' -
F.B.l. methods are shrouded in the utmost secrecy, that criminals
should sever know how it secures its information and that its in-
____ ___ __ _ ,. . _
veetigations are never revealed to the press which hears only that
an arrest has been made without disclosing how it was made?
vii: a-
v.r-no,_ [Ii the tiles must be handed over, then subversivee,
criminals, dope pedlars, and gangsters can learn tron them the
hages!ot informers, sitnesses and others, sho may he used in court
in present or future prosecutions. Such persons sill then be marked
for intimidation, death, bribery and make months and years of work
by trained and veteran government investigators, ineffective and
useless; sk - ~92 *e~-_ '
ex :: _L g H9292Hd/! 9292i// 1het_there hasxbeen a Communist reviqgl is evident on
"@111 sides. In California, s sub-eomsittee of the House Un-American
4;:iEtivities'CohiIttee, -ii conducting an investigation when the Iatki
decision was handed down. Congressman Gordon H. Bchener oi the
Committee states that shen the nels of the Court's action became
known. the ehairean ot the Communist party oi Caliiornia said that
this "will mark s rejuvenation of the Party in America ---- so are
on our wayI" Communists packed the hearing roos. The members of th
Committee sore insulted, being subjected to derisive innuendo and
open mockery. Ihen the hearings opened, the lawyer tor s vitness
armed with the Iatkins decision, and betore the witness mas permit»
_,_ _. I
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,. -. 4» ____ _ -r _ ,_ ,_,-':,.-,7;-:1; -.. 1 51'-'~r'v-4-;--, '- -, »!'»;%. - . . ,to testify, demanded that tht it Jllitteé set torth in detail
the nature and ohject of its investigation and explain to the satis-
faction oi the witness, how each question was pertinent to the sub-
Ject oi the investigation.
Recently, the I.B.I. announced the arrest of Col. Rudolf
Ivanovich Abel oi the soviet secret police. In the indictsent
against him he was charged with being the saster spy of a Soviet
atomic spy ring which ted top secret internatien to Qoeeow. The
charge could bring Abel the death penalty.
0n the sane day, august 9, 1951. in Manhattan Federal Court,
two c0nfessed92Soviet spies, Irs. Iyra Sohle, 53 years old, and
Jacob alban, 65, were sentenced to prison terns oi 5% years tor con-
spiring with high ranking Boviet officials to obtain vital defense
docnsents, photographs and sritings tor tranesissien to the Soviet
Union. Their cooperation with the F.B.l. saved them a heavier sen-
tence upon their guilty plea. Jack Soble, husband of Iyra, was not
sentenced with his wife, as he is "cooperating" with the I B.l. to
complete an investigation of a web of intrigue and espionage spun
tron New York to Paris, Geneva, Lausanne, Vienna, and Ioscow. He
Qill be lentenced Sentelnher 18. 1957. 'PQ'|nl'nr1 tn eh Qnhln is ___ _- _-_-_____ __,-__--- __, _--.. s--_.-_ -- ._e ----- case, --
the case oi hrs. Stern, the daughter of the late Iillian S. Dodd,
former ambassador to Germany, who, together with her husband, Alfred
Stern, have been revealed as being spies tor the Soviets for the lasi
ten years. This latest disclosure shocked the country for here we I
have in the very seat oi our government in Washington, a spy case in
shtch the daughter o! a torner representative oi our gorernsent
securing secrets for the Communists and attempting to penetrate busia
concerns to serve as covers for espionage work. The Cosnunists
through Ire. Stern and her husband planned to plant an agent in the
office of Cardinal Bpellnan of New York and getting "compromising
inlornation" on President Eisenhower, Gen. Lucius D. Clay and other
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'- -sisians by a "prominent" Amerit 1 in as s counter spy in og¢°'_
5°°°d1nB $° '°TP°l» Ire. Stern had Iritten a "derogatory report to
her superiors" inIhich she questioned Iorros' loyalty to the
Soviet In! Ivaten. Irl. Stern ind her husband have refused to come
to the United Btates for questioning by a grand jury,
Iennwhile, the r.s.i. may not be able to proceed with the
trial J1 the luster 597. 601- Abel. since under the decision of the
Supreme Court in the Jencks case, the government's seckst tiles
would have to he turned over to the defendant's lawyers. Thus,
unless Congress acts on the F.B.I. bill proposed by Congressman
Kenneth B. Resting, of New York, ghe biggest spy case ever disclosed
by the Justice department may have to be abandoned, and Abel would
walk out of court a tree nan. It is submitted that hrs. Boble and
Jacob Alban,/if they had not pleaded guilty, might also stand the
sane chance 0! treedon by the reluctance of the F.B.l. to release
its contidential tiles to their attorneys. It is inconceivable
that Congress will tail to act on the Resting bill, so that the
effects of the Jencks decision will no longer frustrate the F.B.I.
in_tracking down and prosecuting the widespread network of Communist
spies and traitors.
Despite the denials of the Liberals, the theorists, the
naive intellectuals, egg heads, the casuists and the "erudite" proie
sors in the_universities and the la! schools, she have applauded the
Jencks case decisi
ants, most of Ihom, if not all, never having entered a courtroom as F
practising lcsrers, the Jencks c= H
work cl the F.B.l.
deans or1ust plat
Ilsa -
It is questionable
Their scholarship
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IQending those who resort to t Ii H Asendaent.
These defenders of the decision in the Jencks case deny
that it Iould affect the F.B.l. in its investigations. It is
significant that their denials have been disproved so soon after
the court's revolutionary decision. The results 0! the reversal in
the Jencks case are alarming and these cases which follow tell thei
ovn story.
Si! government cases have been discontinued and others
dismissed by lower court Judges vho have interpreted the Jencks cas
in favor of the defendants.
Case #1. - In s bank embezzlement case, a United States
attorney on his own notion asked the Judge to dismiss the ease
rather than to turn over his investigation to the defense.
Cale $2. - A government attorney appealed the order of a
District Court Judge, to turn over, four days in advance of trial,
"any and all oral and Iritten statements of witnesses, physical
Obdecté or exhibits" in 8 prosecution involving a foreign agent's
registration case.
Case #3. - A New Orleans case involving interstate trans-
portation of stolen goods in which the Judge ordered all F.B.l. re-
ports turned over to the defense.
Case #4. - A Kentucky case in which the Judge ordered an
F.B.I. agent to turn over in advance of trial of a fraud indictment
under the Federal Housing Administration Act, all information on
prospective government_witnesses. Ihen the governsent sitness
refused to sosply with the court's order on instructions from the
Attorney General of the United States, he was fined $1,000 for con-
tempt of court. This some Judge, who ruled similarly in another
case, also ruled the same say in a case involving interstate
transportation of a stolen car.
Case #5. - in s ew Orleans case involving kidnapping in
stolen oar, the judge ordered the government to produce in advance
a list of its witnesses unknown to the defense, and all I.B.l. and
all other reports within thirty days.
Case 06. - In a Seattle case involving four defendants
indicted for conspiracy, bribery and fraud against the government
in an alleged payoff to Iavy Procurssent officers, the Judge ruled-
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~ -'m-ell _, __Ii being tried as s draft evader 92c ; in a pre-trial hearing, that
the F.B.I. produce its reports before trial. This notion was denied,
but the Judge ordered their production during the course of the
trial. The District Attorney refused. The Judge dismissed the case.
Case #8. - In a Iorfolk, Va. case, the defendant sas Qeing
tried for s liquor conspiracy in which the F.B.l. was not involved.
The judge granted s defense motion for pre-esasination by defense
,nunsel of all government investigations. The government refused.
The judge directed an acquittal even though no witness had been
presented and no evidence taken. This case became res Judicata and
no new indictment can he brought on the same facts against the defen-
dlllt 0
Case #9. - In Philadelphia, before the Jencks case deci-
sion, a defendant was convicted in the Federal District Court of inte
state transportation of stolen property. After the Jencks decision,
on appeal, the Circuit Court granted a new trial and ordered the
production of the minutes of the Grand Jury which indicted him. This
latter case upset the tradition and judicial precedent of our Federal
Courts, that Grand Jury minutes are secret and inviolate, which have
stood for 160 years.
Earlier in this arti-le, the question was asked, "Ihst ii
the explanation for this attitude of our highest court?"
Tor the answer we must review some of the decisions in
which only some of the present Justices were concerned, and analyze
the thinking and philosophy which prompted them. The same philosophy
and social thinking responsible for the earlier decisions, still
ssturate the veterans of the court, and has gripped the newcomers and
has sade then fall into line as men following a leader. The Supreme
Court leader and strong willed philosopher behind whom the senbers
fall in line has gripped then with his philosophy and social sophisti-
cation. How important, then, is the philosophy of the justices of our
highest court, their social views, their liberalism, their views on
life and religion. We can learn what these sre from their utterances
and their decisions.
The sanner in which close or sarginal eases sre determine
may well depend on their philosophical beliefs. Ihe granting of cer-
tiorsri is within the discretion of the Court; also, questions involvi
lite, liberty, sud property, say well be decided in accordance with
the philosophical beliefs of
their decisions sre final.
philosophical belief of thethe human beings
Close cases then
Justices, has he
-11.sitting on the Court and
in determining this
sore !ital'fron this
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Frlfrir he! I&1d= "The waters of the lav are unwontsdly alive.
New winds are blowing on old doctrines. The critical spirit intiL
trates traditional forsulas; philosophic inquiry is pursued with
IPOIOBY as it becoses clearer that decision are functions of some
Juristic philosophy." - Iranklurter, the Early Iritings of 0. I.
Belles. Jr. 931!, 44 Harvard Law Review, 111. Is it a coinciden
with this view that a former Chief Justice definitely implied the
rose view when he asserted that the "leaning of the Constitution L
what the men of the Supreme Court decide."
That there has been widespread saterialistic and ssculz
istic thinking and action in all phases of our social, economic, 3;
educational life cannot be denied. Only the naive can fail to per-
ceive this trend, for it touches all our activity; it has penetrati
our courts, and saturated many decisions, which have evoked wide»
spread criticism from all classes of our population.
; The secularistic trend of legal opinions of our highest
court has increased and begins with the case of IcCollum v. Board
of Education, 333 U.B. 203 948! in which the Court held invalid
statute, the effect of which who to aid religious groups, Catholic,
Protestant and Jewish, by perhitting the use of public school fa-
cilities for religious instruction. This case popularly referred 1
as the lcCollum atheist case arrayed the whole influence of our ta;
supported system of public education on the side of the godless. 1
approved the cardinal tenet of secularism by banishing all religion
from our systems of public education.
The effect of this decision upon the minds of the America
people who understood its implications and who feared its effects,
evoked such criticism by intelligent men of all religious beliefs.
Dean Ieigle, forserly of the Yale Divinity School called it "a
mischievous decision. The American Ber Association Journal ex-
pressed outspoken disagreement sith it. The Catholic press has
pointed out the un-American sscularistic implications of the de-
cision.
This trend is the culmination of secularistic thinking
and the exclusion of God and religion iron our life, and is result
ing in a'progressive impairsent of our traditional Aserican philo-
sophy of law and its religious foundation, the.principles of the
Intural Law, so painstakingly and clearly set forth in the prenmhl
of our Declaration of Independence. It is a radical departure fro!
the Blackstonian fundauentals, that the Jurisdical order rests on0-.-
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the moral order. Blackstone believed that "upon these two founda-
tions, the law oi nature and the law oi revelation, depend all huan
laws - that is to say, no human laws should be suffered to contradic
these."
Another example oi secularistic legal thinking is found in
the decision oi the Supreme Court in the so-called eleven Communist
case prosecution under the Smith Act. Sacher v. U.S. 343 U.S. 1,
are Dennis v. U.S. 341 U.S. 494. These cases were appeals iron the
¢vhV1GtlOn by a Jury presided over by Judge Iedina in New York
Federal Court. The Supreme Court sustained the convictions unlike
its action in the 14 California Communist cases under the name Smith
act!. Its upholdings oi these decisions of the lower cpurt was Justi
tied. However, the late Chief Justice Vinson, in announcing the de-
cision of the majority oi the court, had this to say, "Iothing is mo:
certain than that there are no absolute concepts; that all concepts
are relative." This is nothing but secularism, for it attacks and
rejects the philosophical and religious foundation oi our system of
government, which is plainly stated in the preamble oi the Declaratir
of Independence. It is inconsistent with the thoughts and helieis oi
our founding fathers, who expressed their faith with deliberation and
deep religious feeling when they wrote in the preamble of the Declara
tion oi Independence, "We hold these truths to be self-evident; that.
all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty,
and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights, government
are instituted among sen, deriving their Just powers from the consent
of the governed." These are all absolute concepts. But to hold, as
the late Chic! Justice has stated, in the eleven Cosmunist case, that
there are'no absolute concepts, would be tantamount to declaring,
that the concept of God is relative, that the concept oi Truth is
relative. It is nothing different than a restatesent of the secular-
istic doctrine which proclaiws that "Truth is the sajority vote oi
that nation which can lick all the rest." It is the totalitarian doc
triue that sight sakes right. it is nothing short oi a return to the
pagan concept of government which is wrecking the lives 0! so many
millions hsbind the Iron no Bamboo curtains today.
The Chiei Justice's opinion with such sweeping philosophic
assertions, was approved by Justices Reed, Burton and Hinton. Justin
Frankfurter and the late Justice Jackson concurred in separate opin-
ions. Justices Black and Douglas dissented. Justice Clark took no
nart in fhn n--n
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--u--.1-uThis philosophical doctrint rat .bt original with Chief
Justice Vinson. It sas a re-echoing of the philosophy of Holmes,
Dewey, Hobbes, Hitler, and Stalin, and of the positivist school, whic
excludes faith in favor of objective phenomena and demonstrable
facts. Tb say, "There are no ahsolutes", and that "all concepts are
relative" is to affirm that there is no limit to the power of the
state; that there is no free enterprise as opposed to regimentation;
that all decrees shall he subject to the whims of the totalitarian
ncrereignty in political control. Such a doctrine would make Baheas
Corpus, trial by Jury, right to counsel, certiorari, and inalienable
rights, ruhject to the will of the political entity in office, and to
be dispensed with if inconvenient to it and at its will.
The secularists in education are outlawing religion and
furthering the saterialistic concept oi lite as they saturate the
ninds oi youth in schools and colleges. Rabbi Schultz of New York
states that, "There are 3,000 college professors who are congenital
Joiners oi Red fronts." It is significant that a recent poll of the
American Sociological Society, seshers of whom are professors in our
colleges and universities, showed the following results:
Of the 954 sembers polled by post card on vhich vas con-
tsined the questions, "Do you believe in a Divine God? Do you he-
lieve in the parwinian theory of life?" The answers showed that
276 believed in God as a Personal Eeinn; 334 as an impersonal torce;
171 believe in no God and 173 did not know whether God existed
sgnostics!. The same group voted on social Darwinism as follows:
352 accepted the theory, 380 denied it, and 189 had no comment.
Thus, we see that the concept oi God as an impersonal force is held
by the highest percentage, with believers in God as n Personal Force
being next. Over 2/3 of the responses actually indicated no belief
in I Personal Being.
' Another example of secularistic thinking is clearly il-
lustrated by the language of Hr. Justice Douglas and Ir. Justice
Black in the Tidelands case - U.S. v. Texas 339 0.8. 707 and modifiec
in 340 U.B. 848, in which the Supreme Court decided against the
claim of the State of Texas to title to lands surrounding its shores.
These two Justices in a 4 to 3 decision, expounded the totalitarian
principle that "shat an administration of government believes to be
necessary at a given time is ipso facto right." This view is
Iazisn, Btalinism and certainly not Americanism. It is exactly the
d1QI propounded by a former Justice of the Supreme Court, now long
gone to his eternal reward, thatlhe law as a function of the power
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' The V1818 0! Justices Douglas and Black rule out the
guarantees oi the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution
of the United States which protect the individual's inalienable
rights and the Jurisdiction of the states. The philosophy of these
two justices ignores such guarantees on-the assumption that the noceg-
sitiee of the government are paramount. In both the Tense sud
Falifornis cases involving the title to Tidelands, the Court upheld
tvin doctrine without defining what are the necessities of the
Guvernment. The language of these Justices using such phrases as,
"bare legal title", or, "mere property ownership" indicates their
juridical philosophy.
The exact language ot Justice Douglas is, "Property
rights must then be so subordinated to political rights as in sub-
stance to coalesce and unite in the national sovereign....." The
conception oi property rights in our country has always been based on
their existence by right of law and not by the Fiat of the particular
which happens to be in power. It this were not true, then succeeding
administrations could by Fiat change the titles to property held by
their political opponents. This is the method in vogue in Tota1ita-
rian countries to deprive people of their property.
our economy, our social lite, is organised on "legal
titles = Persons hsve title totheir honei persons! property, end
other things needed in everyday lite. This legal title is the sole
right to this ownership without tear of dispossession by government
lint.
In the absolute State countries, legal title" exists
only in the government, and in these lands, the government divests
wuss has ea wwnu mrwnsllresa
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dvved by their Creator" as well as "the right to life, liberty, and
the pursuit oi happiness".
Another very recent example oi secularistic thinking and
i¢k Of Ivvreciation of the importance oi religion in our lives and
in our schools, is the case of Dorenus v. Board of Education, 342
U.S. 429. In this case, s state statute providing for the reading
of Bible verses at the opening of each public school day was attacke
n violating the first Amendment, in an action brought in the state
eourts by n taxpayer and by a parent of a pupil, who, however, had
graduator neiore an appeal was taken to the Supreme Court from the
Judsmen Q? ihe highest state court upholding the statute as valid,
Eithout reaching the merits of the controversy, six nem-
hers of the Supreme Court, in an opinion by Justice Jackson, held
that neither the parent nor the taxpayer had a standing to raise the
Constitutional question before the Supreme Court, or, as expressed M
the opinion, that in view of the lack of such standing, no "case'or
controversy" was presented upon which the court could act.
Justice Douglas, with the concurrence oi Justices Reed
and Burton, dissented, saying that the case deserved a decision on
the merits.
In this case, the State of New Jersey waived its defense
that the plaintiti had no standing, and acquiesced in an eitort to
determine the broad constitutional question involved. But the
majority opinion held that the case could he heard on its nerits onli
when it presents a "case or controversy" showing it is "a good iaith
pocketbook" action seeking to litigate a direct and particular finan-
cial injury. The court refused to heed the argument that since the
case "is substantial and of great public concern" and that the court
should take jurisdiction and decide the case on the merits, despite
the technical objection that the status of one of the plaintiffs had
changed during the course oi the litigation. I
It is signiiicant to note that appearances oi attorneys
here tiled in this case as nnicus curiae liriend oi the court! tor
Lbs American Jewish Congress, and the American Civil Liberties Union
lore was an opportunity tor the court, despite the
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. 'ie§4;5==e#§phmcs"-1'tatute bersitting the reading ' ile verses at the opening of
school classes. The court apparently forgot the words of Lord Coke
who said, "Stare Decisis is uighty in the law, but reason and cohmor
sense is mightier."
Here was a case where the United States Supreme Court
could have announced to the world that we are n religiously inspiret
Democracy and that the words on our silver coins, "In God We Trust"
lean what they purport.
Congress has the Constitutional power to limit the Juris-
diction oi the Supreme Court. It can narrow the kind of causes to
be heard by the Court. Congress can also enact legislation to re-
Yerse its rulings. It can also nullify the effects of decisions
already decided as it did in the Tidelands cases, in which the Court
decided that,title to offshore lands belonged to the Federal govern-
ment. By legislation Congress restored these ofi-shore lands to the
states in which title always stood beiore the Tidelands decision.
} The importance oi the Court's decisions is iar'reaching.
They become precedents in the Federal jurisdiction and lawyers cite
them in the state courts. They are also cited in cases before
Congressional Committees and even before state hoards. It would
have been more orderly in doubtful cases, particularly those in-
volving the security oi the country, to resolve these doubts in
favor of the'Un1ted States. Chief Justice John Iarshall, when beset
by doubts, always resolved them in favor oi the United States. In
the 14 Comunist cases, it would have been better for the court to
have upheld the convictions instead oi holding as it did, that iorce
and violence lust be accompanied hyla plan detailing how the violenc
was to be committed. It is naive to imagine that the torce and
violence which the l4 Communists were preaching, were only academic
discussions. Any American layman conversant with the aims of
Communism, especially if he had read the "Communist Ianitesto",
I l'!IIs92 i - _ II '9, I51»
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-rt ~ r"//agencies more ditiicult.The Supreme Court must sto...> -- -- e
an ,3 the Communist program
easier to succeed and the tight oi our.F.B I. and other anti-Red
It cannot be stressed too strongly that the Bupreme Court
- no poser to ahead the Constitution, but only to interpret it,
The decisions of the Supreme Court must be accepted by the federal
and State courts,_but not by the court of public opinion. The
people created the Court. The PQQCIQ are not the creatures of the
Court.
Ihere do we go from here?
Cur !orh o! goverhhent is clearly set iorth under the
Constitution as being based on three divisions: the Legislative,
Executive and the Judicial. All of these branches shall always be
1
hept separate. The Judiciel gust not legislate but shall confine
its activities to the interpretation oi the Constitution and the
laws.
the huprene Court decisions in all of the civil liberties
cases have raised very important questions. The problems of sub-
version and enforcement of the criminal lass have rendered the
Justice Bephrtheht inerticulate, lhe traditional power of Congress
to investigate, unquestioned sincetthe birth of our Republic, is
directly challenged, and has resulted in numeroud bills being tiled
to limit the Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. All of these
Congressional loves have been engendered in a save oi outraged
indignation due to the civil liberties decisions. Hoe can Congress
proceed with its present program of investigation, shich it is
constitutionally authorized to do and perform its duties, not only
J.
in cases of subversion, but in anti-trust cases, labor racketeering
and numerous other types oi criainal activity, all oi Ihich affect
the security, business and seliare of the American people.
_ All of these considerations are indeed weighty, and
they have been projected into our midst bg'the present Court's de-
cisions iu the civil liberties cases. The people must resolve them
in a say which sill leave no doubt
Inst be the first consideration in
that the lupreee Court Iolloss the
need an election under the present
to impress the Supreme Court. Thethat the security of the Iation
our minds. It has been said
election returns, but Ie do not
atmosphere oi American indignity
nation-side revolt against the
Supreme Court decisions has been led by Judges, members of Congress,
and s representative cross-section of the American people. This
revolt must command the court's attention to follow the example or '
Vb
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the great tea Chin! Justice in American
Justice John Iarshnll, who laid
lolved than in l;Vor of Uh
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Judicial Iiltorl. Chief
, 'dhen doubts balet him, he re-
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Honc.921-s_x_l;|,l._e___. -
Bureau of Narcotics .
. .wa§g_15gq!!.25..D...§..- _
Dear Harry: e ==
_ u-_ .as _ _ .
- _ The interest prompting your letter of
Q .F October 22, 1051, 1; Indeed appreciated; 1 was glad
_; ' L:'- to have the op;'|ortuntty to review the analysis of recent-' on, . Q. ,_f'. :3 In
;-Y Bupi'l%m9.COIut decisions prepared by Judge l1._ta.s Eamon.~ 92 '.. '__' C: _ :2-_; V 1j . . ' .5 ,,'.; eE tncerely, _»_. P -
I -' " ":3',1 1'-, "-3"", __ -T'.l:- I F ,,Q FCJ " _,.1.NOTE: The enclosure appears to have been delivergd as an address priorr*1'311",,->
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to the passage of the legislation attesting tl_;e:Jenck's'idecisio n. It is a mature. and thou?!-,ri:tu1 analysis of recent de?g_ilOpm§# in eonsumuonal law andappears oj>e favorably disposed toward thginterests of the Bureau. Accordingto"Martinca.le-Hubbell Law Directory? .mqg_¢* lamon was born In mes masprastgced lav? in the Boston area {or-many fears before be1ng2pp0{nted_ asJudge ofjhe q1i:i[n1 Court. Iieyrote the I_!h-ector in March, 1942; recomme 1:11a young {nan oI;.h1s acquaintancefor egaploinlent as a Bureau trhzaslafzar This.1nd1v1dua1-'ri:l_d mr "'1-hsequently submigan application. 7-325029-1! Therell no derogah" 4 "1 Bulesifidentitiable with Judge Shannon,n use * ' - - _ r _ .48 l"l92Ml.|nc L451, _"r'92_92._ ._ V
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to = we. zmsz Qfg mm 12-11-5'?
. Vrnou.b Q./-H _ 92_J . Ct - L/ GWBJB¢T= '7 SUPREME cover e - e - if
Uhited Staies.£up:eme Court
Beariag_B-7T3?
$55628 I5ternai_§§§yfjiy Sabcommiiiee
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office for filing
and dated as above
hearing.fe have received from your
three copies of a hearing captioned
- and four copies of appendix to that
______??____:_4 ____,_ _f_ __ I _ _ K t . /L]f6_!._~.1;fj__.E_ KL
RECOMMENDA ION: ' "-» -__ - ,W_ _4 ' 1
That enclosed be filed in captioned file with
this memorandum.
I 1, =MW"
closures - --
@ I ;¬$"'* 1..f ma 5!/1-_ 1-»"" QB
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_ __ ._ a' 2u/Mmam 1 i °?.9e '" DEC 12 1957
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Nlchols __
Bocudmun .__._
Belmont ___
Mohr ._.__._
Parsons ___
Rosen __._.._.
~¢BUF1.rLE §2'27585 . . §I'§I1'L.i - §¢Lim1Jat_i.on..of Appellcrbe _Jm:isaict we .01, the Necse .i
1'UI1 -.._
Grmdy
4-150 Rev. 4-I7-85!XXXXXX
XXXXXX
XXXXXX
FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION
FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFUHHATIUII SHEET
_.____ Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
lj Deleted under exemptionlsl _ _ _. __ __ with no segregable
material available for release to you.
l:l Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
l:l Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Cl Documents originated with another Government agency ies!. These documents were referred to that
agencyes! for review and direct response to you.
L Pages contain information furnished by another Government agency ies!. You will be advised by the FBI as
to the releasability of this information following our consultation with the other agency ies!.
_____..____ Page s! withheld for the following reason s!:
I
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Nine Communist leaders in
who were convicted
ore than live years aao onEharles of conspiracy to advo-
I-e violent overthrow of the
were freed in a
federal district court
Ihese nine were among the 11
convictions were reversed
by the supreme
court last sum-
Five were
freed by the
high court. The
cases of the re-
maining nine
were remand»
ed to the trial
court for new
trials. But no
new trials were
held, because
ITBNS I h e federal
prosecuting attorneys said they
could not convict them under
the decision of the supreme
cotuct, So 14 Communists are
free to o and sin some moreagainst is people of the UnitedSlates. ' .
,'l'his bizarre result is the di-
mt fruit of the supreme court
decision. The court held in sub~
stance that it is no crime to ad-
vocate violent destruction of this
eeuntzfs fornf of government
ttlless some overt act is doneBy C. F. Byrne l- l92au
jai I
In anodier opinion about the;
same time. the supreme court]
held that state laws dealing with
espionage cannot be enforced be-Ii cause that field belongs to the
.federal government. Therefore.. following again the iIl5U'l.lCl.lUIl5i
of the supreme court. no statcl
1 court can try these Communists
or others charled with plotting
or actually carrying out plotsY against the American people. i
These court decisions have
taken away the state's right tel
defend itself against spies and
i saboteurs. At the same time. the
federal authorities are material-i
1 ly restricted in their power to
mitted.
This is one example of the de-1
struction of states rights. which
is occupying the attention of so
many people. There are manyothers.
i e1
51' ir i 1
People who are in favor of
concentrating all power in the
- federal [overnment and narrow-
inz the field of states rights
often try to rnalte it appear that
restoration at states rights will
wipe out federal funds for many
activities and leave the states
fscin: impossible rnonev l>roh~
lems. Some have hinted at with-
drawal of highway funds, water
resource development money. so-
cial security benefits. farm aid
sarily must share,
These are national problems
related quite distantly if at all
10 ll?! out the destruction.Since that decision, whichii
stirred Ip quits a furor at thei
tfnie. other cases involving thef
iirii ir"sEili hire hiii
sntssad in other courts. no -
cause the judges of those
£.;t'~'.t ""' i
URN-cdII:ta_decls_tea.. |
-ll
5to the rilhts of states hichare rapidly help] erodithe
rishta to olerete our own stale
and local institutions in accord-
ance Ilth the wishes of the
state: people. i=1-us;-vi
UM! rilht-I is a vita: necessity
if we are to maintain a demo.
9' ii VI-if lltlllt-Irinaptelinmll. n .do anything about a conspiracy
unless some overt act is com-'
and other programs in whichi
the federal government neces-i:
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FORT SMITH TIMES RECORD
SOUTHWEST AMERICAN L- "
SOUTHWEST-TIMES nEE6B 'FORT SMITH, snxnusns '
PAGE i s ~ ' RE; UNITED snrrs SUPREME
COURT
DATEZ . 1- §"7
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!u1 Those llireals Against Ike - ----- _
Four prisoners In the federel refomstory st
El Reno, 0ltls., were indicted on charges they had
threstencd to kill President Eisenhower end Vice
President Nixon. Two of- them were sccused of "con-
spiring with" the others to rnshs the threats.
iiow s question occurs to us: Will the
prosecution of persons making such threets--which are illegals! course-he hindered by
I new principle 1 cl down recently by thesupreme court of_the U. 8.? _ ' Q/.1
1! . - .Severe! alleged cstsaltuofste hid he of conspiring to tesch the overthrow 0? the U. .
oeernment by force. The chsrgee srere_1tndeI'jsfew known es the Smith sct-which 1Ilht_thell'leged scts s crime. " " ' - -
The eepreme ceurt ruled. ta ienerei; that cea-
elction isn't justified by proof the deisnsnts ed-
voceted such en ides or urgfd such en ides or ection.
There must.-the court held. he segue o_ee¢_rete
no-we egelnst the government-é-in othersypeds. so
eetusl sction toerstd overthrew of the ea-verpioest.
Otherwise, such defendsnte could not heeasvicted.
Now most of the defendants ll; these threats sgeinst the oresident cs3s,'eren t ed I t ll d l" [ It--' .'Z¢°¢1.'.i. ?..3. 3525?}?-e,' oq-.51 .4 r
linking the threlts. ' ' _ _ 1
'r:m'- true in the four esses inPOklshoms-
they not only were NOT sttused er mshht irly st-temft on snyone's life-lnsturelly, they CO5LDN"'I'do t, since they were lo prison. ~92|- <-- . . , 9" ~ .Now we erondsr--1 .e. PP,- ~ _,_ ll al
6...: *::,=;::::r1~.. - ~+~-tidal*'"sI*'==*"t 1* viiisuch ceses? .' ~;'~'§'92- Q _j~1;f
e ' ' t s I - '.'That's soother Ines which shes s longto go before ne! desion - - -_ r --
But it seems to us lt's logicll to beileei-e
"overt ect" ruling eeentusll I'll eilt theJ
92
UNITED STATES SUPREME
COURT
pom smrru TIMES msconv l/
soumwssw AMERICAN ""'
SOUTHWEST-TIMES mzcoma
FORT smrn, ARKANSAS ' "'
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1_§n,f1*Eo§_g;,g;",;-;,s_§, R ME COUR'J ..
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From time to time we have Special Agents who are desirous
of being admitted to practice before the United States Supreme Court.
to your instructions, these matters will hereafter be handled in my office
regs:-$ the setting up of the necessary mechanics for me agentsmagnet:
For the information of all concerned, the following is the
procedure. ; 0/
1. The Special Agent must first execute and le admission
papers at the office of the Clerk of the United States Supreme Court. The
Clerk will advise the agent when his papers are in proper order to proceed with the
amis sion.
2. The Office of the Solicitor General J. Lee Rankin! in the
Department will be pleased to have any representative of the office move the
admission of the agent on the day when admissions are being received by the
Court.
. F Secretary to Mr. Rankin Code 197, Ext. 2!,
i ............. ..... ...... ....ss.ons are usually received by the Court on Mondays. H92,95/ / We contactwin sufficient time prior to the desired Monday, she will6/advise whe e y representative of the Solicitor Generars Office will be in _b/1 Court on that morning.nrhrl and -ma H12
4. is interested in having the full name of the
applicant for admiss on, e name of the state of which he is now a member of the
bar, and whether or not tfhatis his nativestate. _ _ .
5. ._ On the scheduled daynof admission, the applicant should V
appear at Room 105 of the_Supreme Court Building not later than 11:00 a. m.
and give the admission plerk the naiiie of the attorne wh is to move for _s_ padmission. I .'- ~92 _ _ _ . Rcgkuuygs 0. / P ""?5wt; S A 5|¢**'=Y',: mmzxtn-as 7&1135 w JAN ,2 was .
bqt/1 After noting this, please route to die ot,li_'§'1"i_tt_;ents it!-"' 9292 p -.;
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Any inquiries from the field or from agents at the Seat of
Government desiring to be set up for admission to the Supreme Court should
60,
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Mr. T1-o:ter__..._.
Mr. C1ayton....__.~ 92 Tole. Room..____1% Dar llr.Koovor:- _ Mr. HoIloman_..- Miss Gandy._._,
1:1 I utter in my four Gong:-o|du;""";ih£!..q.j """""" HUI! reaction in the I958 nu1on,I at aging; ! /Pl
ea *=~-~ -
tho ' hmbf92l blooming upontb-lo ';_11-:1;-Q; 11.;-Av e.-nee: resent iiii iii io
haw urn:-pod the powers of the Gongron which to
Luau! which Ion: to rogard tho Oomtitntioau no nah Kleenex. I wouldn't train one Llldgu Boon: ta-?;tho entire oourhimludug Bo:-tozzghooe
Judgement once no good.
Strong ll-n¢mgI..Joa, But I nan it. lad !tut our tlprolontativol in Iuhlngton to how thgtI lo. H: atat-mi-11% ii iio iaiiaiod Ii 0. ooqiimmtto 1ou;:rnthor,lt 1: your rightful ho. "
Plano do not reply--you have lo:-'0 lportant
work to do. Audios; it ug,.,n you 1;_ng_ Qogo 1;: are
than 30 you-0, . ~""' °
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Belmont? . -- 'T-V at-.»m__i ' _ "4 Fulll: .._........._._. I I _ ¢
Hon .BE 5To I"§.;...R__.__. N 1,, JAN s 1958
HZ1I.;..Z°"l MAILED 31
Gcmdy _________ mu. noon IIII-lidzuoo-var" . . -" -1
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1'7 John Edgar Hoover *1 .~
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1'""f . 7 "~r' .._ a. n - 3*-I REQQRDED X; e if gout letter of Pecornber Q1, 1057, -has92_beon', "; ~ c _ c Ag? received, ind I lpproclate the interest glitch prompted ; ,":92 I 92 .., _grritin¢.- our support oi the FBI in f,QQdcQncou1'gg1||" .
;~...c; my associates and I are grateiui tor your gonerouo _
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'2" .NQTE: Co'r'i-espondent has written on two prior occasions to congratulatethe Director on the work of the Bureau. There is no derogato§y 4&1:-1.3 -" " ' ' ' ' .1?. "
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71°11 J. P. Hob!
W313?! = The Congressional Record
.. . it eh-.___.____._h_..e- ,,- ,l ."" '* 1 Pages A218-A227, Congressman Gathings, D! Arkansas, exl'E'l¥F-3
his remarks to include an article written by the Honorable I-I. Ralph Burtonentitled "Integration sad Its Ultimate Effect. " Mr. Burton in commenting on
authorities cited by th hupreme Court in handing down certain decisions stated"Among those so-called modern authorities on psychology cited by the Court as k
its authority to change and destroy the constitutional guarantees oi the people oi
activities show clearly the inuence of Communist contacts and reect sympathy
available in the files of the Un-American Activities Committee, oi the FBI, ind
numerous other public records, . . . . . " Mr. Burton made reference to the NAAC
and the Communist associations oi, its members. He included excerpts from thenames appear as authorities oi the books cited by the Court as such data is ..the United States are a number of individuals whose public expressions and 92
s with that ideology. . . . . N0 attempt is here made to give details about those whose
Congressional Record oi February 23, 1956, as follows: "L._lr, Gsthingsr R
i written by Paul Halley quoting from an interview with Thurgood llanhall, Regr
i special coriltsel tor the National Association for the Advancement of ttolor 'People. In the article it was stated-and I quote: The meeting qaonsoredogy the
Iemplg chapter heard llarehall angrily deny claims his organisation isOomiminid Her-shall said: "lqar Ioqer, hose oi the I'll, says we
are not sdllrer e. Our conventions have hem addressed by Harry Truman andPnssidqit and Vice PresAdent=Richard Rims, '" """""'s ---y *' * , * . *_*'___f_'I__,___ _______,____ _
/~.*&.P~¢:*"='/' K _, -THIED
4: JAN 3341958Ir. Speaker, on February 3 the Memphis Commercial Appeal carriedan article}r
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q - i"_ I. Idea: Hoover * ?r ~ "c'v -» ~ ,@; ;%i.
»~!bdarel Bureau of Investigation iii F _ iIashington, 85; D.0..; 1i "e,-5. gt" -J
c - "-is * - i - #4, u '¢~ w s -
Dear sir:_ i;¢*£?j 4? §h_f . ,., w ,,,. v_ §_§
92 0 __ ,- , _ . , _ .. _, -- . - . I _ _ . - , _ .._ .- 4. ,, - - _ .1 ___ -M .. ,_ , __ 92 _ _ - - 7 _ -e. _ . n .This letter is to inrorm you that I have written to Benator if
,qKnowland and Representative scudder to the etreet that the -L{§gprgme_£gu;t should be curbed by a constitutional amendmentwhich makes ell Supreme Oourt decisions subject to further
review by Oongrsee,- iii ., _ _ __ 92" - r " _ ,, - -J . e _. _ U;
You are intelligent enough to know the motivation or its
recent series or decisions. However, do you realize thatCommunism is not really an economic gheory or economic beliefat all but rather the shape given to e religious, or should
we say, entiechristian, movement-? with that in mind, youwill understand many things that might have been herd to explainup o now. _ -.,- i "n .
If there is anything morethet I could do besides write to '
my senator and representative, please let me know. ,_, as
I don't think that taking the final decision on legal questionsfrom the Supreme bourt will void it as an institution,,but ~
will merely make it more responsible, particularly it its .size is reduced to perhaps three Justices, which would t
concentrate the responsibility tor decisions, and cause voluntaryresignations or Justices who are out or step. » - _
I told both Scudder and Knowland that without this amendmentto the Constitution we,ere done tor. _¢, w. I; 92 _-... . -92 -' ' ' . r . V - r _,_ ,,. . . 92. I . _ J I A 3 _ i T J . ,.- __ I. _ _ j I I . _ -. .1 _; - 1 ... _ - - v " ~ . _ _ y . ' ~ .. K ' _ , K _ . _ _ _ ... . 3 *- _ ., .. I 1 -" ' - I --W ._ _-- 3-; _ . __ -__/ .- _. -- I ~ =_. . , _, . e.
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I have received your letter postmarked January 9,1958, and the interest which prompted you to write is sincerely- appreciated. .
. »
As a matter of long-standing policy, I have con-
sistently declined to comment on judicial or legislative matters,
and I sun sure you will understand my position in this regard.
NOTE: Bules contain
y ea,w up
in JAN 1 6 I953 n
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L Edgar Emu:
John Edgar Hoover
Director
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31731391! The Congressional Record
/
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es A74'7- Congressman Tuck, l!!V1rginia._5;rteY;ded;_h.t§:'errrarks to include
A749
oi the General Assembly of Virgmia-at-Wllliamsburg on January 25,
1958. Mr. Smith spoke concerning recent deoisions of the Supreme
r|'92'|921-L; "Q u§nfar'l "Inr on uni-In an urn 5+0.-anal eennn §'|-elm I-..92ll---.-1 rlliere vvurg an» we-ee-92.92.'92.|. .n us an In-uc an we: nun-llu uyuns I-ll-LD ll,.L4l.92.I'§92,| 51;;
law oi Hie Iand and the President conceives it his dut-y to enforce
Lhose decislons, then we are drifting into a dictatorship of the
Judiciary as powerful and as terrifying as any now existing in iore
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In the original of aémemorandum captioned and dated aeabove,theConqreeaiona1
Record for /'-Q4 ff? wee reviewed and piiiiii items -eere
marked for the Director's attention. This form has been prepared in order that
portions of a copy of the original memorandum may be clipped, mounted, and
placed in appropriate Bureau case or subject matter lee.address by Congressmen Smith, D! V'ir§irIia,'&iore the joint sess%
"92192-'13
if th u reme Court oi t.he'United States has the power to write theOice Memorandum - UNITED stares oo92%sa1;1MENT
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BUBJR-'1'! The Congressional Record
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, ,,_,' Congressman. ' _il! Florida, e U
his remarks to include an address by Congressman Willis, D! Louisiana, beforethe Associated General Contractors in Memphis, Teme, on January 31,
1958. Mr. Willis commented on recent decisions of th reme Court. He
stated "The trend of the decisions which I will now discuss indicates Hiht the
Supreme Court ls fast becoming the. dominant branch oi our Government. This
is something that has never happened before. Peculiar circumstances require
special action. And so for the rst time in our history, a special subcommittee
was appointed to study the questions raised by recent decisions of the Supreme
Court, with authority to make legislative recommendations, and I have the
privilege to serve as chairman of that subcommittee. The action taken by the
Congress last year, on the recommendation of my subcommittee, in correcting
the decision of the Supreme Court in the famous J encks case, proves that if we
have the will to do it somethimr mm he dmm in this hrnnrl field r 1".-m-4,1 _____. _ ____ ..___ __ '__ __ _-i-_i--9 v--- -1' ---w 1. -1- -wpenpun 4-guano 94 Q5511!-¢J§-L
encroachment on the legislative and executive branches oi the Government."
References to the FBI in connection with the Jencks case have been noted. Pa. /P
Mr. Willie also commented on the Mallory, Watkins, and Yates decisions. I-ie
went on to state "I think I have cited enough cases to show that we are drafting i
farther and farther away from the moorings of our Constitution. This is :
challenge not only to Members oi Congress but to all men oi goodwill whobelieve in our term of government and democratic institutions. We must not
only et.e:.n.. the tide oi Iaersi supremacy. We ..-nest return to in:-."..a.'r.e-ntal
constitutional principles. We must repair whatever damage that has been done
to the constitutional walls separating the powers of our Government into three
dignied trenches. And then we must restore to our people the system oi
WOKDIIII f0I'G¬C|l1'IZ""' -III -III -Q-1""
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3- Mr Tolson- - - r-f ..::::§§"Zrace ms snum: nma:|=.r"._ secunrrr suecomxrres .» FEBRUARY 6/,'_-' _ ,_ ,,,.,,,, "-"Q ' , ,1
IDTICE OF HEARING ON SENATE BILL 2646 - PB"-ro mm mumm JURISDICTION or summa couR'rV/ 1:92n-_ I,-
1' |uth-Jri {Hr» Eaetland. Pursuant to resolution 01' the _Cm|nittee on the Judiciary 1] Cgvn-»-.-é' IQE. comiapproved Monday, February J, intensive haazlings are to on the e I
to limit the appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in certain cases.
hill, introduced by Senator Jenner, would withdraw from the Supreme Court of the
United States appellate Jurisdiction in certain specified fields, namely, fir-It-
with respect to the investigative functions or the Congress; second, with respect
W the security pr-warm er the exeeeuve branch oi the Federal Government! thus,
I with respect to entieubversive legislation; tom-.th, with respect to heme rule
over local schools; end, fifth, with respect to the admission of persons to the
Practice out law within individual States. .
All persons interested in testi.tyin.g either for or against this bill or amr
of its provisions should imnedistely communicate their desire in this regard to me,
I to the chief clerk oi C-esI_L92ttee on the -Jwhciery, or to the counsel oi the
Internal Security Subcommittee. Ihtee will be scheduled for these lnarings so as
to take care of all who wish to be heard; but, since the committee eJq.:l.icitl;r
directed that the hearings be concluded in time to report the bill back to the full
committee tor action on March 10, it uill'be necessary for all persons who wih '
to appear and testify to make their wishes known promptly in order that time may
be ansizned to lzhn __ Ill_ v-_?-__ -- --we-II
Attention is called to the provisions of the Senate rule requiring each wit-92 nees who intends to present a statement before the Oomnittee to furnish the com-
mittee Iith a copy of euch statement at least 21% hours before the time of his
scheduled testimony, true the Congressional Record, Febe 3, 1958!
Follolring is the text Of the bill!
8. 26l$6--To limit the appellate _1u:-isdicticn of the Supreme Court in certain
CISBIQ
es it enacted by the Senate and House er Representatives er the
United States or America in Congress assembled, That e! chapter Bl oi title 26 --.~.
or the United States Code is amended by adding at the end thereof the ~!'oJ.lcwing
new section: '
"l 1255- Limitation on appellate _jurisd:Lction of the supreme Court
~ "Notwithstanding the ptrmriaiune of sections 1253, .1254, and 125? of
this chapter, the Supreme Court shall have no ,1urisd.i'etion to review, either
cwappeal, tlrit of certiorari, or otherwise, any ease where there is drawn
_, into queetionthe validity 01-- _, " J .' ,
tea 1z.1'esa1
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S. 26146 cont'd.! pg; - 2
I" l! amr function or practice oi, or the Jurisdiction oi, any
committee or subcommittee oi the United States Congress, or any
action or proceeding against a witness charged with contempt of
Congress;
"! any action, function, or practice oi, or the Jurisdiction
°1'a any Officer or agency of the executive branch oi the Federal
Government in the administration oi any program established pursuant
to an Act or Congress or otherwise for the elimination from service
as employees in the executive branch of individuals whose retention
may impai/r the security of the United States Government;
"! my statute or executive regulation or any State the
general purpose of which is to control subversive activities
within such State; -
" |+! any rule, bylaw, or regulation adopted by a school board,
board of education, board of trustees, or simiJ.sr body, concerning
subversive activities in its teaching body: and
"! any law, rule, or regulation of any State, or of any
board ofrtnr examiners, or similar body, or of arw action or pro-
ceeding taken pursuant to any such law, rule, or regulation pertaining
to the admission of persons to the practice of law within such State."
b! The analysis oi such chapter is amended by adding at the end thereof
_-| the following new item: '
"1253. Limitation on the appellate Jurisdiction o1 the
Supreme Court."
~ r5
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The Un-American Activities Committee
h'ancis E. Walter, Chairman
House 1-? Representatives
I38hlI1j_'.-"I1 25, Dq C,nnnsrmmrrrs ac? or use
Gentleman p4» ¢-I J _.'r J
The headlines that "The United States Court of Appeals Ruling Saved
the Comnmnist Party" is, to our Judgnent, the most alarming news printed in
the press today.
. -8-
Sputnic, missiles, or that-have-yonedoea not concern us nearly as
much as does the fact that our United States Sup rane Qggj, is destroying our_
personal freedom at home while protecting that of the Communist Party in Amet-
ice, We ask you, "What is all the furor about armaments for security so long
as Communists are given a free hand to infiltrate, call the policy; and 1uno-
tion of our very lives through the men on the high court bench?" What hap-
pened to loyal mericansi rights and freedoms? Do we all have to join the de-
tested subversive groups before we are permitted protection? Perhaps this is
the intent of the Supreme Court, At any rate, our Congress had better legis-
late laws to protect loyal citizens of the U.S.. before the Supreme Court helps
Communists destroy the FBI, Un-American activities Committee and, finally, the
Congress itself, »
Garbed in the robes of justice, the Suprme Court continues to t-. Lst
our National laws and the Constitution, to the benefit of the Communist Pa.-c-»,_ _ -__ -_ _.. _-..._ - .. .-. .-. .-. .. Ity. The 3,5, Qnatiliutiurl El-111 uaya that Cu5?uSa 1=&,'l-%l-365 13316 15173 - "92'-hi
Suprene Court is supposedlto only interpret them.Q .
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We implore our leaders in Congress, as well as the legal minds oi fr - __j_
this nation, who have sworn to uphold the freedom of the individual, our ;_;,.
City, State and National Legislators, our clergyman and leaders to join hands
Iith the citizens of this nation to protect that which rightfully belongs to
us anc; not the Communists, We believe they will. Americans are not the
i spineless creatures some would have us believe. They will fight to protect
that shi-ch is a C-eagieeo and Censtitntiegl right,
z .
' " There is only one kind of freedom, FREEIDM FROM GOVERNMENT. It ap-
pears that every acquisition of power by the Supreme Court, under any pre-text, has been at the expense of loyalty to this great country, It's up to
Congress to put a stop to this encroachment of Congressional Jurisd:iction._ _
THE INTERNAL SECURITY S ACT OF 1953 should be acted upon inmediatr
1y so that it becomes the law of the land in the very near future, --', , n ,/_»:,z_n @% /L55
. , Sincerely yours, ufl-l""'pr=hl5_D¬5
<. W/3 574/ -
'_,_- .cc: Committee Members 12I;I1.*_. J r"
All U.S. Senators & Representatives.
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SUBTKTI Thu nnnnrnaninnnl DA:-were-IPages 1m-use Senator Wiley, n! Wisctmsin, lp&Othe QnQ e o. e committed in the duti.01 , Congress and coogressimal committees. Is statedl"Let us go extrem y slew in any legislation which would impair theconstitutional
process. Let there be the nest thorough and exhaustive bearings on thffrariety
oi bills new pending before the Senate Judiciary Committee. Let the greatest _
legal scholars and constitutional minds oi this Nation be called won. Let them
be asked to present their comprehensive briefs as to any H11 which would chip
a at the rights oi the Supreme Court. Let us not proceed with ill-cfonsidersdHhalte, because of the passions oi the moment, and because the puidulum has
_____ ]tempora.rlly swung one way or another." Mr. Wiley included with hiaremsrke a
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953, ln In editorial tron: the September 28, 1957, ljgue of the Chrisgn$cience Monitor. It is stated in the editorial "Host Americans srefsimilarly
tware, that the Supreme Court plays an equally indispensable role ia their system
oi government. This awareness was strongly expressed 30 years ago to halt the
tamous Court-C-packing plan. In the previous 3 years the Court had thrown out 12-
major pieces oi legislation desired by Congress and the President. Popular ' H
annoyance with the umpire was sharp. 'But wise counsel rejected a plan that
would have allowed the executive and legislative departments to curtail his
independence. We trust that similar considerations will bring nejection oi the
spate of bills recently offered by various Congressmen to Court;
authority. . . . . The autbsrs of most of these proposals know they have no chance
oi becoming law; they are taking this way of letting oil steam or satisfying
constituents. Like the basebatl tan shouting at the umpire.! These new attacks
Ion the Court arias out oi a series oi hegilg uith the srrhool[desegregation ruling and including recent detgdlons touching the TH les and
omeiale in d};n:nmtn-list hunting. Cohgress has alreguaken action tounodiijkitheFour-t.'s rbling on FBl tileo. * ' ' This lwn-&"i¬psé£= the chargetoo often. card these days that the Supreme Court is a dictatorship, irresponsible d
uncontrollable by the Pi-M119. - - - - - "
/,j_;.___, -, ..In the oriqincg oi a memorandum captioned unddated csohove,Atbe Congressional 7 W 5?Rgcerd for pp .- 4 Mkfcf was reviewed and pertinent items vgsrem tmarked for the Director's attention. This form has been Drbglid 1'; t°1'd °";md°_H_______ 7portions oi o copy pi, the original memorandum may be cli9P0 . I10" 9 -
' pieced in oppropridtepreou case or subject mutter tiles.-VIKJ1.Oice Memorandum - UNITED sures GOVERNMENT
'50 = The Directs: DATE: ,5? /7"
92
setting up other safeguards tor individuals against reckless methods used by some'92
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0 66 Memorandum - UNITED sums GOVERNMENT
The Director H DATE: of-/I -if
73°11 * J. P. Mob:
59313!-'l'= The Conqreeeional Record
/
O$¢¢f.w>;»tt Um M
eepior Thurmond, a>!"s<>u'i11 éi-biiii2, }¬q£éh£;3"¢5 11569 Emu in
tn Record an article entitled "u- on Security - The
Re ond oi 19 Months" which epeai-ed in the Feb'rua.ry 15 teeue at the
National Review. The article makes reference to euch oases ea the
IN leon case, John 8. Bervicoceee, Jencks, Watkins, eta. The
r erences to the FBI, contained in this article. wereraetpiorthdn
a emorgqqgpa pa-itten earlier tine date. ~
IAAL-22525"
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In the oriainai t a memorandum captioned and dated ae above,the ConareeeionaiRecord {or J -/ 7' J; was reviewed and pertinent iteme were
marked for the Director: attention. Tl-tie form has been prepared in order that
portions of a copy of the oriainal memorandum may be clipped, mounted, and
placed in appropriate Bureau case or eubiect matter files.q|l
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FRIJIQF = The Congressional Record
/t / _,Oice Memorandum - UNITED sures eovsnnusnr
"7" To I The Director I ' |!A-1'3;
{if
Communist leaders went to prison, is losing its teeth.
Government is dropping cases not yet t to trial And no newprosecutions have been brought since ch1m 7
on -----June 17 is that is known as the Yates case.
the high court ruled that preaching abstractly the iorcihk overthrow
oi the Government is not a crime under the Smith Act. " The article
goes on to state "Appeals from Smith Act convictions still are pending
in the iinited itates com-u of Appeals in C'"iii¬'1nnzl. ind st. 1-oats. ==<'-A include es article which appeared in the New York Herald Tribune
oi February 16, 195$, entitled "After High Court Ruling - Smith
Act Losing Teeth; inited States Drops More Cases." It is statedin the srticie "The iiio smith Act, under irhich 'umleu" ' $ts.uu:l ;hm Y ..... ti! New tart, ..t.. in ...e;.rt; or
the Justice Department is hopeful those courts may view the impact oi
Department meanwlule says for the record that each Smith Act c
will be examined separately on its merits in light oi the Yatesthe Yates decision more favorably to the Government. The Justisi
92 _clfTc.°1"lTLL.,_e.e ~ am--'*~*"*"'-'""" " "*""""_*""":j"_"" i
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47MAR 649531 ¢
1 t .,NITIALS cm 0&1 .1
111 the Ocinal o a orandum captioned and dated asahove, the ConaressionalB°¢°1'd 1°? J "7? was reviewed and pertinent items were
marked for the Director's attention. This form has been prepared in order that
portions of a copy oi the original memorandum may he clipped, mounted, and6 U>lK/ced_92in approptiate Bureau case or subject matter les.I 1'1-ad 12 1958 revw
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. *' 3 -' ~ WM! Excuse Now? _-__
' It em he Hunting m lee whet theawn own eon with the eele at
_ _&u; convicted Communist
leader, 11 it reeohel it an eppeeL
Sums wu the Communist Party:
ieader In North Cu-oline end Tuni-
Ie end wee ea-rented In Ielnphte by
e FBI, for violation of the Smith
Act. He wee anvleted In 1068 end
Intended to dz you-I lnprleeeunnt.
When the Supreme Court made ttl
lecurity-denieging Jzncxe Cue de-
deion, the Sums verdict wee eet
I-lide. _
The J5:- cni decision, it v-"J1 be re-
lled. lequiree that certain FBI file:
he mode evelleble to defendants.
Iceuze tee retried. lome file; were
lade lvlllable to him and eglln In
he Illvlctedl Laet Friday he weenentenoed to elx yearn imprieomnent,t gnve notice of appeal end will re-
main free on bond untllthere ll at!
determination in the cue.
It ie one of the paradoxes of Federal
{cw enforcement. especielly that re-
lated to lnternel eecurlty. that the
Supreme Court would uphold the
Smith Act which melee it I felony to
teach or ldvocete violent overthrow of
the Government and then follow that
lctlon with I eerie: of deeieione which
give ell the breaks to defendant: tried
under lIJ_pl'0V"lI1onl.
That the Government obtained e
Conviction e eecond time end after
Sense hid taken advantage of the
Jest!!! deeieion teetilie! to the meticu-
lous menner in which the FBI accumu-
llted its evidence an Well e.l to ied!
nndqaleble guilt. ' .
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THE COMMERCIAL APPEAL
HEHPHIS, TFINNESSEIEE
DATE 2-2 -I-IQ
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6~.MAR 13 19s8 @'p4l#~»»M.e §%ei..b¢_-,; ._....,._._.-- .e "' to -The Unltecl Btelee v_ _ ' - ue Ceenelty -- Surety
ee e Betellue Neuen" ' 111mm,, 2.7309
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- 1 .__ _ _Ir. J. liger Hoover, Director I10Iederel Bu:-eeu of Inveetigetion Q -
Ielhington, D. C. _
1 -e
Dear Ir. Hoover;
1921eadaz_lo1-ni.gg_,__Qero!;7__l,_1g, I an to testify before the senate InternalSecurity Su.6Oon|ittee reg!-ldi.n3 Smate Bfé_lQ261.6. }A = ' Z4
In oorreepondmce with Senator Eletlund I lantioned it would be uaeleel
for le to testify regarding this bill unleea I could explain the reli-Iioetione end political Lnflumce of the oooperetive-labor novnent in J
the mm sum, -men 1- one of forty-one tmteclee er en mu» -
nettonel oonepirecy to reduce our governnmt to that of I Satellite i
-h§.9292nle --jg? LP yI
I en eucloeing e oopy of lg etetneut end beoenae of the seriousness ob
the eocueetione I en going to like end the d.oc-ulmtetion I will have with
= le to prove II; cue, do yout'>eJ.ieve it would be in the interest! ofHnetiouel eeourity that this doculentation receive eme fore or protection1:-on the LBJ. - until Iuda tine ee the material contained in these -
cloommte beoolee e pert of the official records of the Otitteee , K .
perloneJ.1y, but I have spent eddlteen yeere piecing thin into:-nation to-
Qeiber and I Iould like to get it into the reeorde and free Igeelt of
my further reeponeibiliw or knowledge that I eight be the ml; pereee
in the United Stetee o em tell fluent]; rqerding thie plot end provewweeee. "
1 hope thi pporwnity to pen thie reeponlibility to
pereoq eilitiee end eathority to tete
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T0 I The Director 95" 3-
non I J.P.Mol1r
W813?! = The Conqreaalonol Record
/
Senator Talmadge, D! Georg-la,l*e':{ten<§ied -his remarks ieditorial written by David Lawrence entitled Famous Judge Rebuke
Supreme Court. " The editorial appeared in the March 7, 1958, isSUBn8 H-us IT D 921'....-.-. 0. tar.-._1_| Y"a_____1 -- 9.-, 92 . . . . ._VI» I- V J! D- LICWo at wunu neport. mr. ralmaage pointed out that
"Judge Hand raised his voice in a series of three lectures delivered
recently at Harvard Law School - lectures which have -just been
published by Harvard University Press. A reading of these lecturesreveals themg constitute one of the most stern and devastatingrebukes of Lh gp_;eme__Qg_m1 and its arrogant arrogation of legislative
power yet delivered. "
-_'_' 7_ " " "_' """_*"'-*7 -~-*-<------....il._-...-.
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'[__v 41 MAR 81. 195°
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In the original a memorandu optioned and dated ae obove,the Conqreeaional3,;-,1-¢ for g - 3 .. 5? woe reviewed and pertinent items vvleren
marked for the Erector: attention. This iorm nae been prepariu Li order that
portions of a copy of the original memorandum may be clipped, mounted, and
placed in appropriate Bureau case or eubject matter lee.
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The Attorney Gcnal = ~ - -- W _ March 5, 1058. :I_ V. J
92 _ _ - _u - ' .
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FEBRUARY 24, 1958
I
c lzmumloslngamptostatofmedltorulontltlnd H
"V.h.at Emcuaicii fhlch nppcarod Ln "The Commercial A990"-Mgmphls, Tunnassao, an Peta-nary 24, 1958, and which I though:
might be or mam to you-
Enclosuro -1 '
_ , /_ Q__ - ;92.
92
cc - Mr. Lawrence 15.. Walsh
Deputy Attorney General [£;nc1osure¥
V r
NOTE: Intregard to this editorial, the Dixjector notcd, Send copy 'wig, G. ind Walsh. ': c "' "
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1'0 I Mr. A. Roser; l>A'l'B= March 10, 1958
r5/75 b
B¢lmon:i.__6 L7 llason= i 1'9 7 Q/F iiQsurnmm COURT NAME c1-max REQUEST V; .
up Nensc______.__.
lime;-rowd.___h. .0... ...,... ;,;;;,,,I;;»~-_ of a name c ec reques e Check Gmd_____
l¢ I . pIROM : ll
Section on 3/10/58 from Marshal,
- Supreme Court of ted States. The incoming
! /92C// Form 57 reflects o be an applicant for a position
I _l7 with the Supreme Court.
Bufilee contain no information re
Memorandum Nichols to Tolson dated 9/3/S7
reflects that the Director has instructed that no action
be taken concerning any request received from the Supreme
Court until the matter has been presented to him and he
personally rules on the request.
RECOMMENDATION:
. That if approved by the Director, the Form 57
be stamped "No Derogatory Data" by the Name Check Section,
Investigative Division, and returned to the Office of the
Marshal, Supreme Court of the United States.
REC- 78 4 '"
1a MAR 111952:
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"fl 1° = The Director _ DATE; " é If
33°-ll I J. P. Mdhr
W = The Conaresalonal Re;-Q1-d
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NOT RECORDED
117 l.-mu 19 we" In the orlainal of a memorandum captioned and dated ae above, the Conqreeeioaal
_ Record for/1/, =1 mu ~ -5 - / - I-wae reviewed and pertinent iteme were ..___.. ._...- .._...-
marked for the Dirac-tor'e attention. This form has been nrepared in order that
oortians of a may of the original memorandum may be éiiiaiaifi, mounted, and
placed in appropriate Bureau case or eubject matter les.
.-»92fii
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ans; March 26, 1958
op ,2: ~> ;E:*;::;;i._
Boc|1dl'nc|n._. {Z B§lr:1ont__B *-/3 U u are nV _ I I!________'__" acx REQUEST M __**-*"': '1 u I /_ ~.m___ Tele. Room _
born @2115? °" ._
is subject of name c ve
n on 3/25/SB fromto = Mr. A. Rose
/
SUIjEC'l' :
n ame Check/§ >/ |Marshal, Supreme t of the United S a es. e ncomingif! I Form 57 reflectsto be applicant for security guard
position with Su eme Court.
". .- I/92/4 _ .._.. . - . _ ._ L-_1,/'/,7<_/rr/»' Bl1.I'1J.8S contain no inrormation re_
Memorandum Nichols to Tolson dated 9/3/57 reflects
the Director has instructed that no action be taken concerning
any requests received from the Supreme Court until the matter
has been presented to him and he personally rules on the
request.
RECOMMENDATION:
That if approved by the Director, the Form 5? be
stamped "No Derogatory Data" by the Name Check Section,
Investigative Division, and returned to the Office of theMarshal, Supreme Court of the United States. t .} Q ,2{-
.~~,.-.='-|- ' ,/ l':~n~I"' 5 3-7'9i¢ " Y7 b L
/"i 1:" 6%7 i at of.
o Rev» *1 p ~~92
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MAR 271958
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SUBJECT :
Pag<?136The Conqres sional Record. Oitte Memorandum - UNITED srnrizs eovexmmeur
/1 ... ,:J"" = The Director DATE: Q "" Y -5./
-929292Congreesnwm Ahbitt, D! Virginia, extended his remarks concerning *3
actron of the Supreme Court. He stated "many of us who are lntereted ~
in p;~eservin_; our form: of goternment realtee U181 if We are to retain 5
I.» C31L5tlt1.l§iQl1;e; -,-;o":ern1;;ent Ln zerreriee. we euet curb the United States
' E>;r1;r:ez'_r_:_:_e_f_j-_o_"..ri iron: its all-out effort to usurp power and authority
1: -.<{.wC:;i tn. Tin; Co-art is deterrrizreci to renralze and rernoid our I
co-entry tame iron: the people rights and privileges that they have "
an ezlitorial iron: the gtielrrnoni News ;..e¢der oi Iriarch 3, 1958,
92</ had since the founding of our Ration. He included with his remarks
ezriit-.é.'_', 'C..;1bin"b' the IIi_,l: Cour 1:.
I Q" "
NOT ""'."' !Rpi |¢--u--
DED
191 awn '7 1958
. ---we-we 92-yllilf
9 -"31In the ortainal of a memorandum captioned and dated as above, the Conareeeional
Record for ' ," /' .7 :' wee reviewed and -pertinent item were
marked for the Director: attention. This term has been prepared in order that
portions of creepy of the oriqtnal memorandum may be clipped, mounted, and*|1 approi>t1'at_e_':Qureau case or eubiect matter les.iiII.-
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1'0 = Mr, A,__Rosen} DATE: March 21, 1958
rnon :
suqpmm=
0
of chauffeur with e Supreme Court.
1E§u.tfi_l_es. contain no _iniormati_on_ re
... .... ..-.. .. -1--- _ 11,- ..- -.._}§61r10I&u.dii.:|1 iwiiuhula u TUJ-{SD11 dtcl Q] 3/ I.'UflUUt-'5
that the Director has instructed that no action be taken
concerning any requests received from the Supreme Court until
the matter has been presented to him and he personally rules
on the request.
REC OI-II~IE192TDA TI ON 2
That if approved by the Director, the Form 57 be
'|'vnf'92nA "u.-92 n...n-.-=+- -.- n 4-nil an 4-1., 921.-.......-. rn..,..p1. ::.....,4--1......I-*1-"- '11-V92-1 U I-19* U5 "VJ-J -1-15'-VII _l-VJ UH-U INC!-LILU 92-tLJUblL DBL: ULUII,
Investigative Division, and returned to the Office of the
Marshal, Supreme Court of the United States.___$4;;_ _ ,, , *:_//Q
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I8 MAR 28 1958ex-122 ___ _______p Zfirz
I A V arsoncnscx REQUEST ._ Ncnsc:
Iimerrowd __..'r-r- n.......P [9/!C, .~'Q_.;
? ""°" i1ZiI;.;;I"is s o name chec st received GM,
C ection on 3/20/58 from ,
Marshal, Supreme t of the United States. The inco ngJForm 57 reflectsto be an applicant for a position
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Oice Memorandum - UNITED sures GOVERNMENT
1'9 = The Director 9-4T5= '1?
71°11 = J.P.Mohr
lrn92T|u"|"' TH _rr92nn~vnnev¬4-rural H-naval?
---_. Pages A2881-A3891, Congressman Matthews, D! Florida,
reqaested to have printed in the Record an address I7 the Honorable Hugh G.
/fl-tat-e I-._-.. .... ca-s.-. re-.¢_a_. _..s ..s4e_.|-.l --.3 ss..ls-4 as-s.t.. 92.I.-I-4. . so. aI92-.--l-f W Iilll-| IUFIUII DI-IIK LIUFTLBITIK ULIICIKI IIILI I-lIll§U92-l DUIKUB $1-llsILCl U1 Haplli
and Thailand, at Galnemlle, Florida, on March 18, H53. The suhject oi the
, address was "!he"United sum numerical: the Crossroads-i-.'hlch RoadC America Hr. Grant in C0l!ll!,t It reent decisions oi the Supreme Court I 1
stated "Since Hay 17, 195%, the 8 ' hall handed down s series oftar-reaching decisions which have%"baaeI teat the fundamental principles
oi ur constitutional torn: oi government. These decisions have served to joltou£ol their complacency many eminent legal authorities, State governors, and
Ii FRQCI semnnsvll hi! Iclssnini-mean Qeul -es-19 "l92D92e'I'I92I ref In-can nqaininn IO lQarl'II-TIA IIWJD 5Ul1lGL_ul| Ill Q-I92!92-IQLI-92JllD, Quill I-I-III, I92l'l H1415 UL ll In-B vpssa-ivls. Pit &_D92
the Supreme Court is under serious scrutiny. Congress has reacted. A number
' oi hills have been introduced designed to curb the Court. a Hr. Grant listed
decieione such as the Mallory, Nelson, Yates, Jencas, etc. He stated in the
Jenclte case the Court rules that Jcncite, s union official and a Communist, '
found guilty oi periury, would have to be turned loose unless the condential _<V FBI reports were exhibited. ' Mr. Grant goes on to state The progressive
| scrapping oi our traditional toreign policy oi no entanaling alliances has resulted
in great waste oi our manpower and material resources and has placed ue on the
direct path to world government, which would mark the end oi the United States
of America. . . . . The Director oi the Federal Bureau oi Investigation FBI!
J. Edgar Hoover, has warned the nerican people repeatedly that the greatest
threat to the United States is iromitlhla. The hour is late. Ii we would save
ourselves iron: destruction we :n. rst pot our own house in order-and
speedily. "' Mr. Grant also pointelsttt that Vie must return to our constitutional
form oi Government. The proper fétniship among the three divieione of the
Federal Government, the executive, legislative, and judicial, and the proper
Constitution lnuet he maintained. There is no place in our American '
oonetitutionel Republic tor a Federal police state, operating pursuant to
so-called Federal civil-rights laws, designer! to interiere with the righte of the
* people under their respective Btstc governnents in the inanagernent of their92 local aiiairs such as the operation oi the schools, parks, playgrounie, I1 trans;-ortszion systems, am in the cir~term.uetion of giialiiications for the isuffrage. ' htvf 31 Q9 -59j5X_§ '"
. . . -no vuqaiiui us U il.lUtilUltI-l'l01-llll CIJPUOHGG l-ll -1"-1""-I 92l" "-""'s ---' -'-'v--'-¥------'--
Reeord for woe reviewed and pertinent items were -_-:_-- TE;marked for the Director's ottentlon. This form hoe been prepared in order that NWT T ' ml
portions of o copy of the orioinol memorandum may be clitmd. I110!-mild. nd 191 APR 3 ""38
pieced in oppropiiote Bureau cone or subject 1ng_ttg_r les. nw _ Ml _ ______
i; -. _ ___,_-I --- _uO.. .- ~?rJ,/ LT-i. 1b, ,7, - ;,,,____ l,._,"i,-.T.Srelationship between the Federal and State Governments as provided by the
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April I, ll
HEMORMIPUI FOR II. TOLBON
III. BOARDIIAN
HR. BILHGIT
IR. R%I'I-Ii
IR. NBASL
Yesterday I attended the Attorney Geaerere ete meeting
presided over by the Attorney General. The Attorney General opened the
meeting by etdtng thet he wee puttcelu-lg pleeood with the decilbone
lalldeddoInbytIeS1|premeCoq_qon Mmdqdthle week. Home
1-mm; puw n Green and um-y wmwe cum
endthetiteleoe B:-ovqdecletoe. Bo etded thethethougithettheee
doctnon leruceted thdthere wee eheelthqtrml developing inthe Court
ta that Juttco Che:-lee Whlltehr, the non newly-appointed Justice, led
jolted vlhthemljorltylllithdlulllce Itllrtlrlhdllljulnadwl-h
tbeml}or1t1lldhe,theMl0rlIyOeaerIl,llIUeWdlherOIlll]0ll1h1ty
that Justice Brine: mum eventually brook eve; iromthemlnorly which
holds the more en:-eme view. Solicitor Oenerel Raid: llkerlee joined
tn um new oi the Attorney Ocerel.
Thereweeeleoeonedtecueetoehytheutorooyelaenld
theeeceeelylorgrederceretatheeelecttcedceeeetohecerrtedep
meppeeleothdtheetroegeetpoeelhlecueeeouldbepreeeatedtothe
sup:-eneC eeeeeicheouldenehleaechleetlceeee x
llecheed Ileeeeolthelecterdhertheeolthelew
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A IphhdUl1eelnthlA__GminiBtr1veGlicldihlUlll8i8illOlCC.l,¢l1lipiyiiirelpecu" i:'::H:i*aiii*;:nwy " i.""' e" L ' V »
Ir. Airherteommeilesiepoethelectdluowpleeeenthieeeeociv
tienwithrepreeentati;veeolthieBureauhsibeen,pe|ticnierlyauthe
relocation pmogremeeponwhichheworked Iiiiieinthebepertment.
' lIr.Airhertthenetdedti:atheln|ie1reedyepenteometime
etthe5upremeCourteinceheveegoingtobeuorkingunderlir.Oineyin '
iiisnew amalgam enilndiimiihereiiacibeen eome i-r.
Oiney and himeeli eetothe desirability endneedtorhevingepereounei
employed bythe Federal Judiciary investigated retbythe FBI. He eteied
bebeiieved tiutthe Chis! Junticeolthe United States Supreme Courtwould
einrethieview. Iieet:iedthetIlereelizedth:tllr.Oineyen|IIhadhIl
eome ditiereneee while Mr. oiney was inthebepartmeatbut he, Ir.
Airim-t, wentedto elpiorethe matter with mehiormeiiy.
_ _ _ ___' ___ ___ __ _ P;!_ij<l '*!_A ff_r,,.> ~
Ho1alIr.A1rlunummeo erulir¢3pineyeueoucemediteuetruethetwehedhedeemenurkeddiiiereaeeeendthetibeiievedtbet
llr.Olneythorou¢hiyenderetoodmypoeitionineuchmatiereendthdIIu
expressing what were nyhoneet views eventhoeghthey might differ
mu~ked1yiromthoeehe1dbyIr.0lne7ienrioueeituationeehiehhe:i
arieen. ' -
"dd Hr.-Airherttiiet ineder ee investigating employees at
the Federal Judiciary wee concerned, this oiwiouely III e matter ioiae"aemaeiumrmummeumcuuaumimiqmnuamu C,
,.,,,.,,, ___tlea ehich Mr. ne; and llr. Au-hart were exploring, the Chic! Justice
§g;§{_=.-;;'=__-:ei|ouid take the matter up with the Attorney General. I did eey, however,:2». __._'_thet I certainly would be o|_w_po_e__ed to any procedure eaten there wasno __.-._ ___ -_-__.__---- .-|;::.g.:nl__,,_ r J _._""" "*1 f . '1'-J ,.>"f . ' - * X»,I_:;:"..._... b-92P~~< =~»>~» --_.__ /W
za§;2;~~_JEH=TL¢ /' 13;" I-1*? = 7' " oGm, 8! 92y,-_£/ .__.._.._._._.__...._.__ 1953
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i nanm'""'"" i-eqieii ' .i'Iuc""ei iiie u i*pi-eine Zoe Uni
that personally I doubt whethe three at the present Jultlcee, namely,
Jlltlcee Black, Dwlhn lndrenlu, Inuldevereuaclrlnuynchrequeet.
Ieteted, however, tlnewuntlrelyuuttereptotlr. Oineyadlar.
Mrherttoe:ploreItththeClue!Juet1ce, idtntezyrleweeloeldbe
eoeghlbythemtonqenerel, Ihllelceeldeeeeenenerltlntbe
eeggestlm, Ieoeld eleoeeeeomedlndnntagee, betlwnldbewmhgte
approach the nutter dlectlvely, provided as I had Indicated that ell line
i iii ii tie iiini-eiie eii-i wem"" ie *'**aii ii iu1n¢ '"' " iii
request.
ldol'HhlntIeIl.lllnveh!eceupble lnubecneeldodt
Ihelhertheyeoeldeverobtnieeuunlnousroteellqthlnglathenlted
Bleteenpremeourt.
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92<92 $352 92;92
John Edgar Hoover
Director
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summer Congress fought for over
the use of juries in criminal tempt cases andnally compromised. Now thgdpreme Court has
wrestled with the same issue and divided ve to
our. These isolated facts accurately measure the
highly controversial nature of the issue. Yet it
seems to us that the majority of the Court has
come up with the best answer from the viewpoints
of history, law and orderly processes of government.
The Court has adhered to the concept of the
contempt power that has been written into the
law since the country was founded and which has
been repeatedly upheld by the Court itself. Con-
sequently it found no fault in the sentencing of
Gilbert Green and Henry Winston, Smith Act
convicts, to three years in prison in addition to
their ve-year sentences under the Smith Act!
for contempt of court. Their contempt consisted
of disappearing for 4% years after they had been
ordered to be present for sentencing.
Were the sentences unduly severe? Justice
Harlan. writing for the Court, answered , no" be-
ause the contempt was a "most egregious one. lk . ." The sentences were shorter b s ear than thatim
LY 3' '
posed on one other Communist fugitive in the
Smith Act case. Congress has since provided a
ve-year maximum penalty for bail-jumping.
9292'h_92' were not the fugitives indicted and rose-
cuted for bail-jumping with a trial by jury? rly
everyone seems to agree that this would have . en
the more satisfactory procedure. At the time t e
oenses were committed, however, bail-jumping
was not a Federal crime. This fact would not, of
course. justify the courts in resorting to arbitrary
procedure. But it certainly left the door open for
application of the contempt power in the same
manner in which it has been used for 'a century
and a half.
Justice Black: sweeping dissent, in which Chief
Justice Warren and Justice Douglas joined, would
outlaw this use of the contempt power as s viola-
tion of the Bill of Rights. in other words, these
three dissenters Justice Brennan stood on other
ground! insisted that the defendants were entitled
to be tried by a jury after indictment by-a grandjug and in full accordance with all the proced lsat guards required by the Constitution t
eriiwin ' po_iu.','1--. Jiustios askdtlotlllered'°" "'......__"" ... 92'-¥- .-.- r"
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_f:-§Jf__.v'g1_?;¬7{-3?. Q Mr , , ' 1. 92 - "_. wt fl w "P ~ l Q; », . '. 1,1 _ _'f- _"j ii: wt ___" .-x? pm. /_; ' /r Q5!» s a a - - .1I J 4 we V i F" |'nC|$1
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marily for contempt has been accepted without
question" by the Supreme Court in at least 40
-cases. By way of making his point more edective
he called the roll of 53 justices who have partici-
pated in these decisions, including Marshall, Story,
Bradley, Holmes. Hughes, Brandeis, Stone, Cardozo
and Jackson. Mr. Frankfurter cut close to the
heart of the issue when he wrote:
To be'sure, it is never too late for this Court
to correct a misconception in an occasional de- -
cision, even on a rare occasion, to change s rule
oi law that mag: have long persisted hut also
have long been questioned and only uctuatingly
applied. To say that everybody on the Court has
been wrong for 150 years and that that which
has been deemed a part of the bone and sinew
of the law should now he_extirpated is quite an-other thing. Decision-making is not a mechanical
process. but neither is this Court an originating
lawmaker. The admonition of Mr. Justice Bran-
; leis that we are not a third branch of the legis-
I lature should never be disregarded.
1 Congress may require jury trials in contempt
teases when that seems appropriate, as it has some
"times done in the past. But wlien Congress has
repeatedly given the courts power of ummary
unishment for contempt and when the countrys
best judges over a long period have found rio
ajrier in the Constitution, it would be dr stic
in ed for a few justices to sweep away the _ ole
strvctu ' Fe-* ltlll ' .' ' ~ 'palm. r i I stems 1" rerestral M.-.: '..-1» r .-.111,-2:;-1_,,,,r,' '
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N. Y. Herold q
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Office Memorandum - UNITED s'm?iBs GOVERNMENT
;£? To = The Director DATE: Ll !]- [-
1,/from = J.P.Mohr
3U3JECT I The Congressional Record
I 3 , Pines A310?--A3405, Ccngreiamln Clnnon, tn! M155-ou;-1'exteltdv his rernnrits to include an article written by Item A, C0111 ¢n|_m;,4_
Tb; 5'~? 1m* ¢°°¬.92.i°Y the Us ms Eiltes, which lppelred in the mm; editi n0! the Mississippi Law Journal. Mr. Collins included in the articlt short T"§'m'°" °°"~"7'" 3 °"*-Tl! °f 91¢ 8"!!! iulticer oi the Supreme Court. Inc ne:-ti-an with ii. Harlan Stone, Mr. Collins ltnteci Slang wu, m ;-,,.<,mte¬ic,nht 57° 1 1925 liter W-"ins I rear an Y.-'nile=<'? States Attorney cméiu Ther=
he 3-4.""i°ti*" 3- 17- Ear Iioovrr as head of the F I31 and instit-its»: noteworthy
antitrust iitigatiori.
* er*ie'6¢w~- -
- 44 APR 2:»; 1958
A "
H T3 in.-_92 -I ' - 'In' tn? <>=g§1§i 02'}: maaiownaum ééponed and dated on above. the Conuresaional
Record for i was reviewed and pertinent items weremarked for the Director's attention. This {arm has been prepared in order thatportions of a copy oi the original memorandum may be clipped, mounted, andplaced in appropriate Bureau case or subject matter tiles. aE
92/
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Oice Memorandum - UNITED sures eovnnmusn-r
I101! 1 J. P. Mohr
BU-BJBCT 1 The Conqressionul Record
J Pages 7056-I061, Senator Johnston, D! South Carolina, spoke 92_cerning th_&Supreme Court. Be stated "A constitutional crisis is in the 92
making as meggpijirge Court, in decision after decision, makes a shamhies oi i
established, ingrained law. E5 abusive has the Court become of the traditional
separation of powers structure in our Government that one of America's most
eminent jurists, for years hailed as an outstanding liberal, has declared the
Supreme Court is assuming the functions of a third legislative chamber.
Mr. Johnston went on to state Mr. President, let us take a look at what the
Supreme Court has done in cases affecting criminal offenses, bearing in mind
that FBI figures show that since 1950 crimes have increased nearly tour times
as inst as the population. He listed the iuinliory decision as an example.
Mr. Johnston also commented on the Jencks case. He stated "In the Jencks
case, the Supreme Court struck down in one decision what had long been the
rule of law and practice in all our Federal courts, that the reports and notes of
the investigative officers of the Federal Government were removed from the
pillage and search of criminals in an efiort ho avoid and evade conviction for a
crime. It gave the Communists a free rein to go through all the prosecutor's
files and papers without rst providing that the judge should have power to '
separate the wiiéit it-om the chsii, the relevant from the irrelevant The
effectiveness of reports of detectives, police officers, and members of the FBI '
has been placed at the mercy of all criminals so tar as preliminary detection,
arrest, and final conviction are concerned. Prosecution in many cases had to be
dropped." He requested to have printed in the Record part of a report made by
rmer Senator Herbert R. O'Conor to the American Bar Association in England%st July. Mr. Johnston pointed out that "In his report, Senator O'Conor included
1 cases decided by the United States Supreme Court which directly affect the
right oi the Hniteci n -totes oi America to protect itself tron: Communist subversion
i If .. X-4".": E; "
|Io'r neeria.'T'rE~-
44 HAY 13 1958
Itililnr; 0;; E1If1IIi-ll.
is ii --uh
In the original of Cl memorandum captioned and dated as GIJOVQ-an Cbllqtassionol '
lqecord for i i was reviewed and pertinent items sans
marked for the Director's ottention. This iorm has been P"-'P¢'11'Bii in Md" mm
portions of o copy of the oriqinnl memorandum moY 59 ¢11PP°d- 51°-" °d' and
ced in r riot urenu cuss or subl mill 111°5-t3 Mi92 i?T1s3ET0 = The Director DATE 42! 1' ?
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92
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92.
921
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Ifnnuwronnnale
Oice Memorandum - UNITED sures oovsnmusnr
.-- _r '92 To = The Director DA'l'B:Ll -3,5 :7 r
92 .
new = J. P. Mohr
92_
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- -'.:§E@39319-'1' = The Congressional Record
Panes 6449-Q52, Senator Jenner, R! Indian, spoke concersiraniedltorial which appeared in the Washington Post on April 9, 1956, attackingth S ate Internal Security Subcommittee and S. 2646, the bill to limit -thee enappellate lsrisdiction oi the Supreme Court. Mr. Jenner included excergats n_-A I-In aim pin!*3 from the hearings on S. 2646. Among these were excerpts from e-15% ............- .1 l or Clarence Manion, former- dean of the Law School of Notre Dame Univereigk
and from a letter by C. V. Btinchecum oi Duncan, Oklahoma. Dean llanionstated "The proponents oi the Communist conspiracy are seldom, if ever, t
__ 4»- »~_» WW4 ..-.,__ __m,,_,, _L _ . - "* -- e__.__
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agents and punishment for the enemies Qi communism Whe 1;]; the Communist 1 - n ese enemies oidine em °°n5P racy a~PP9&1 to the Supreme Court for protection, a
,, r constr ti 1 7 15 uc on o civil liberties is_in order. . . .. In none of the enumerated
cases involving communism do th indication that they are inf a e mmmy member °f ° C° " 81 any_ orme on the subject of communism, or that theyA. have in an tu. mm Y way s died either the writings oi the Communist leaders, the--I,_;, -" °r° 5 eIP°Bures of th e ommunist conspiracy from the inside which beganad -- Ben G1ow's I Confess; Q1 tile 3.1-!1QI'1t3.'J-92,' F-Qnrfq l'92Ie f nnnn ....:.-.a"' "'!"'-"WI "H 92-uuiuiuluatespi "I189 and subversion written by congressional committees and by the 1-rem E
a ; I11 we are thisFB morning, H Mr. Stinchecum stated "A8 to the smith Act md/J-"1
~._ and the abtlityoiour 0 tr to . c un y defend itself has been practically d5gLrQygd_ ~-
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MA
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In the original of a memorandum captioned and dated as above, the Conaresaional
Record for I ; was reviewed and pertinent items weremarked for the Director: attention. This form has been prepared in order that
portions of o copy oi the original memorandum may be clipped, mounted, and
piaced in appropriate Bureau case or subject matter tiles.
5 2 MAY 7 19581-» 1-. I decisions, the C t h -. our as played directly into the hands of the Communists_. Yong when they appeal to the Supreme Court asking protection tor Comm
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Butler Court Bi! 1 FIn a letter to a tr
Wiley. Itepublican member of
the Judiciary Committee.
Deputy Attorney General
Walsh, speaking for the Ei-
senhower administration, ob-
jects to the Butler substitute
bill and undertakes to defend
the decisionigi thggu remeCourt in the Watkins.PC6le,
NETSBY1 and Konigsberg cases.
The notorious Watkins case
is a Judicial declaration oi
how Congress should proceed
in its own business of legis-
latins. of which it is, by
Article 1 of the Constitution.
made the sole repository.
Since 182.1, until this deci-
sion. the right of Congress
itself to decide whether and
how investigations were re-
lated to the legislative proc-
ess had never been ques-
tioned.
The Steve Nelson decision
struck down anti-sedition
laws which had been on the
books of 42 States ior dec-
ades and the sponsor of theqvhiih Ant nf hm ' H11 -_.-....-.-U cs 9292-all .- U5 Hi .5
Nelson case! himself ex-
pressed, on the oor of Con-
gress, the explicit under-
standing that the Act would
not supersede State laws in
the same field. This was the
first and only court. decision
in the Nation's history which
suggested that sedition was
not properly a State concern.
The Cole case limits Gov-
ernment dismissal oi em-
pioyes as security risks. ai-
thoush. in 1789. James Madi-
son, Father oi the Consti-
tution." declared an 1.u1qua1i-
ed removal power to be
solely "an executive power."
which view prevailed unchal-
lenged until the Cole case.
This principle was extended
by Congress in 1946 and gave
to agency heads the right to
re persons whose continued
service, in their absolute dis-
cretion, was contrary to the
national interest.
Mr. Walsh also defends
the arrogant and intolerable
nsurpation of the KoniBs-Bera decision singled out as
the primary issue-in<tho-3ut-let substitute} which diets tes
to the States the terms anREC. . J
U
wleirmnyers shoIld-be-Id-
mitted to State bars. so that
"State soveignty'f no longer
has any meaning and the
Tenth Amendment becomes
a. nullity.
Finally, ii the administra-
tion objections to the Butler
substitute bill are sound. why
did half of the large Judi-
ciary Cornmittee. all oi whose
members are experienced
lawyers. many with Judicial
service, approve the Jenner
bill. which is much more
restrictive? The Walsh letter
indisputably shows that this
administration no longer
t,rai_re1s_in the l1'ild¬l1e_Of therojfl but has moved, with
tn Warren court. far to
lei Oh, the land of the Ire ;
is it just grand!
Old Reactionary .
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N. Y. Daily News _
N. Y. Times i_.__
Dolly Worker _.__i
The Worker _.i_.
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Date?
5 1959
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Iver-lug Star" oi Wuhlngtonr. C. , which Ill publllhod 1
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Enclosure
1 - Mr. Lawrence E. Walsh Enclosure!
Deputy Attorney Glnnral
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Oit Memorlmzdum - UNITED sméns GOVERNMENT
T0 = The Director DATE: 5; |_ L1 87
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letters, was set forth in a memorandum written earlier today.
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In the original oi a memorandum captioned and dated aeabove, the Conarelaional
Record for was reviewed and pertinent item: were
marked for the Director: attention. This form has been prepared in order that
portions of a copy of the original memorandum may be clipped, mounted, andiaiii ¢T:ZoTg¬EL;§e:.-.: case or subject matter files.'. =5 Pages 6901- Senator Hennings, D! Missouri, spoke concerning 8. 2646, abill ho
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_ . By LAWRENCE Hknns~1
wssanroron, am I»-Attorney '_""lIuIc hid his basebaii inetaifnors mixed lp.
_being_oonside1-ed in Congress to curb the ex
_prenseOourtare i.hereau1tdtheaame'l0rt
spectators at a baseball came who
tally want is for the
to his Job of watchina the bell andt that the aitiea at the Supreme l
"umpire" to
abiding by the rules. They don't think it:
the umpires dutr to make new rules or
to tell the manager of the club, tor in-
-stance. just when he can out in a dil-
-lerent pitcher. They don't like to see an
t:.':'-hi."*e deciding that. when i boil drops
outside the foul line, it is s ioui for one
teem. but when the other team hits the
ball into exactly the same 5901. it isn't s
foul at all. In other words. the tans don:
want to see the umpire moving the toui
line around to suit himself. -
That's essentially what the dispute is
about as the Supreme Court ignores the
rules of the game repeatedly and makes
up its own rules that are then proclaimed asLawrence
binding on every- .-bod!-even to the point oi telling Congress what questions.m.ay be asked in formal hearings through 1s"hi;h its commit-iIt-ees gs! to get intorrnstion to snide than in writing ieir iawa:
Also. in a baseball game
everybody knows who the um-
pire is. He appears in full uni-
iorm and he has a rule book
to no by. Ln the Supreme
Court's work it isn't always
.-pire happens to be.
T Thus every justice has two
law clerks. and the chief Jus-
tice has four. These assistants
don't have to be confirmed by
Eenate. They are not sub-
posed to be iudges. Yet they
'per
…[truncated]