ACLU Part 13

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Aclu Part 13

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION/PRIVACY ACTS SECTION
COVER SHEET
SUBJECT: American Civil Liberties Union

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/ 92 1pp e_ p opose censors p Hg s- lation including precensorship of movies. ~  -   &#39;  92 ,
Morton Icove, Chairman of the OGLU Censorship Committee, and Rev} Jesse Ca_vileer,&#39;-1:4Cleveland Unitarian minister and OJLU member, presented the ACLU views to a StateHouse Judiciary Subcommittee. Citing the Supreme Court&#39;s decision in "The Mizacle""»?_7;-case, that movies are a means of communication and entitled to the protection ofFirst Amendment, Icove maintained that any form of prior censorship of movies is un¥,_:_,~§";1,onstitutionale He also pointed out that the proposed bills are not constitutional
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._ .~._._., &#39;,v§ __._;_ ,_ I-.:.g1>-¢_g:.7Q=v b "Sq _ . __-.--~_ -___ __..-_ 1L»because the standard s_for_.cen sorship-are -vague-andsubj ectivedn-natum4 . _ _.  . -_ -- . -"" ".4-.&#39;-we.-- Icove said he would like to have the Ohio Attorney General give a ruling nowthe constitutionality of the proposed laws. He also emphasized that political, social=°I;l§-a d  &#39; &#39;  &#39; n personal prejudices influence censors, and stated that present Ohiopenal statute &#39;can quickly be invoked to control obscene films. * _ 4 -  - ~- &#39; 41*
&#39; - V -&#39; - ~ ~;":f;~ *In addition to three bills on movie precensorship, the OCLU also opposed a billextending the present obscenity law, claiming that it goes "beyond legal limits " by fgiving such vague definitions of "depraved and immoral" as "dissolute," "disgusting ,"I, I5?etc. 92 - __>  , _ .   :9.
A letter protesting the bills, from Oscar Steiner, chairman of the OHIO CLU, was-ff?placed in the record. Steiner claimed that the bills are infringements on freedom,of expression and right of free choice, adding that movies are subject to the same_"&#39;"1 1%standards regarding obscenity as any other form of expression and there are statelaws providing for criminal prosecution of offenders. Noting that a vast number of 7&#39;4films, as well as books, plays, paintings, etc., are objectionable according to thee;-,,_f,jstandards of some people and works of art when judged by others, Steiner claimedthat positive determination is virtually impossible without religious, racial and f.1_.*7f;,T_,2political prejudices and personal predilections. - -~ ~;  1  ._ _4 ~ 
- Fteiner also protested the lack of uniform operation of state censorship of ;;&#39;1__4-,_;_j;=_imovie s, because uncensored films are shown on television. Both Steiner and Icove,;,_._v&#39;;f*,::-,$;_Zclaimed there is no proof that certain movies stimulate crime and juvenile de1irr&#39;4uel1t;$&#39;_J,-&#39;_:&#39;<Icove suggested that a study be undertaken by a House committee or by qualifiedmembers of Ohio State University into the subject of juvenile delinquency and related:»e*" "problems such as the effect of movies, comic books, newspapers _andmagaAzi.&#39;ne8.___=:
&#39; ~ 4 "The power to censor," Mr. Icove concluded, _"is the power to regiment, the powe__ -92to control thought and tosubstitute statism for-pa gove&#39;rnu1ent&#39;of freemen under 1aw&#39;.;j._ _-Ie feel that_méinld.nd&#39;s greatest hope lies in keeping open the channels of, conununicdf; . Mon of ideas-"~&#39;1* 1 - - H  - c "  4, ;.; ;2.~:
. ,. -.. 1&#39;"&#39; "* " ~45   i$L.~:2:i:»,Demite the ACLU protest, the subcommittee reported e censorship billwhich ha_sf_,-_1,&#39;.gbeen approved by the full House Judiciary Committee. However, the proposal is 655&#39;Pected to meet stiff opposition. In addition to ACLU, movie columnists in the stateli» ».and theatre exhibitors are aroused by the new censorship drive;?T7  . &#39;_&#39;-~&#39;._<_&#39;_"_.,;I;,, I.4 .  -- V ~ i   ;&#39; e - .&#39;>-i"&#39;_;"¢~".i&#39;»  flThe campaign to enact a new law was undertaken after Ohio courts invalida!ed&#39;I_¢,=-~55?-Kthe long-standing state censorship law on grounds of vagueness, and rec_ej.1_gd i.rnpetus§"*__§§because of public concern over juvenile delinquency and th§an l?§Iqgship 1"-hetween this evil and films  &#39; &#39; &#39;-~-     l -"Tm"- - &#39; . ei Jaw 1&#39;!_9295.5Yl?~4-<   -- ~ -4; . . ., - ~  _92;V__:=;;_.;
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_ g Legislation affecting civil liberties he-1 before the Ci5nnecticut&#39;.-State 1veg1.+._-;,-<:,»_. lature has Adrar-m the _-attention of the Hartford and New Haven branches of ACLU .~ &#39;.lTh_ey;£~ are making known their support of or_opposition to_the bills at committee heai&#39;i.x1gé<:_1&#39;{~;-f " and through lettersyto committee &#39;chairnen.~ _.».-;&#39;;:._,&#39;_&#39; I.§i5&#39;;  =5 _ &#39;> <"§&#39;fZ*&#39;=. q- .- ~<;-_»u_-.  - -_-&#39;17» - * 4    "    f7;:f -" " &#39; " The chapters support bills widening powers ofjthe Civil Rights Commission jwithj,&#39;1" regard to initiating complaints under the Public Accommodations_ Act and orderinglziemployers to hire or rehire,.reinstate or upgrade employees discriminated againsttgggiAlso supported, are bills to increasetthe number of éuployers covered under the Fairgf_ Employment Practices Act, to prevent discriminatory advertising for public accon1r&#39;no;92-A1;dations or for employees and to increase the number of court tezms, so that persons?~:"Tunable to furnish bail would not have to wait severalmonths in jail before trial;~;i:-ff._ > ,7" _ . K .    &#39;. __ >   g sf;  g I  J  it ,;l;|&#39;_:&#39;A_.:é&#39;:Another bill the groups &#39; support rvéuld make: it a crime for two""or more persos,i§.L-to conspire to injure, threaten or intimidate em-&#39; person in his eicercise of aryright granted by the Constitution, or the_la1~rs of the state .". However, _the ACLU _="i:-}f=e§,57chapters state that a more detailed statement of the scope of the prohibited conduetg.would be desirable. -     .- H     .   1;-1 :1§;&#39;*L:- ,_ 1".  -;.,~&#39; .  _ I. _ _  _--_ r:~ ;7,l_&#39;-- _»&#39;- &#39;;;_"-;_._:: , &#39; .    &#39;   -{_-Q  .. L v    .&#39; n Five bills had beenopposed by the &#39;ACLU chapter. One would require the di.s-"_;§;I1&#39;j{missal of any state employee who invoked _the constitutional privile &#39;e.a#1aii~1st_self-_-*1-5-=~Es 0 _ A incrimination in the course ofgaryinvestigation into subversive activities,1-&#39;-=-.1-*-»;~-"$- » -  :&#39; ~ »- . .  - - ~   _; ~A _ _ Another bill would create an internal security. commission to investigate stategfzemployees and discharge them if th f
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A_ ey are oundto be disloyal. DisloydtyJnJbi-l-lwouldbe-estab1ish&#39;edby past or present membership in arw organization advoa,~;_§¢;;,-ge;eating overthrow of the government, or which has adopted a polio of such adv " &#39;5. Y oca¢3&#39;3;>§:;,:;j or which approves the commission of acts of force or violence to dew persons theiriizgconst&#39;t ti - &#39; " i u onal rights. The commission would be authorized to hold hearings, smrm1ot:?I;§3~jwitnesses and secure state police aidpfor this purpose when necessary. Thechapters state that the grounds for establishing loyalty or disloyaltyare much tooj_ff_;;Ibroad and rest entirely on guilt by association, adding" that the proposed cornrnissiongfiggalso wouldhave a repressive effect on free discussion. _  _ _ _, - &#39; * ~ .5
~ A bill removing all legal rights, privileges and immunities from the CommurstsifeiParty or arw other group having as its purpose the overthrow of the over t b <» -¢»i_i*-&#39;-5 men 371-an ,: force or violence is opposed by the ACLU chapters because "the outlawing of any -_ _  -.4" 4 , ,. political group is a dangerous precedent." _: 1 - --1 fl &#39;1 ,&#39;1  . ":17
Also opposed is a bill providing for security clearance of children&#39;s camp ""&#39;*&#39;f-ifv?"§*,i-versonnel, applying to any camp where five or more children from 7 to 18 stay durinfgithe summer months. Persons employed atsuch camps wouldhave tofile statements ofrt?their loyalty, under oath, with the Commissioner of State Police, declaring that _thé§&#39;&#39;Jere not, and never ha&#39;d been, members of any organization advocating overthrow&#39;ef~&#39;the;§;g;%i-government or acts of force denying other persons their constitutional rights. &#39; The~;;f;x-ifKCLU groups stated there is no apparent danger to the nation&#39;s security in thisfield, the bill relies on guilt by association and the definition of proscribed->_;",:"_-*&#39;:&#39;,il1T&#39;;organizations is broad enough to permit varied interpretations. -<1;sf{fj-_Aj_f--?7ffL_L
  -,.- &#39; 1&#39;  - &#39; -- ""- &#39;-"="&#39;1.§-- "F1 7 H  "1:--".7lT.:v&#39;...,¬";~  _ AVRO NANHA&#39;I&#39;IAN BOOK CALLED NON-MAILABLE BY- POST OFFICE -;;&#39;~i&#39;e;;;  &#39;*,;._g; 3&#39; &#39; 4 &#39; -- I _ - . . . - &#39;  V,"  >¬"_:_  _ . _ I _ _. .__r_Z-_ &#39;_-_>  _  &#39;-.5_2:.;.._:&#39;:" Z  I .4- The United States Post Office"&#39;ha&#39;svdeclared the Hook "ceeheiieizmperieiismWorld Freedom" by Avro Manhattan to be"&#39;n°n;.ma§_1ab]§"__in_this count1&#39;y."""&#39;Thegacti6_"1&#39;_i_%..e-/ _&#39;came under a 19110 opinion of the Attorney General interpretinga provisioniof !t2_1§,:§.&#39;-, -nf-__:Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938. The law&#39;_rec]&#39;uires that fore &#39; ts:ini;":s-"
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. &#39; The ACLU is conducting an intensive study of the problem,  toappropriate legal action to test the constitutionality of the Post Q1fice&#39;s powe_rfto;92;.ban material from abroad. - _ &#39; " . "  *      I. _ V - ,3  ._,_&#39;. . ..<l_>_>
_ comm OFFICIALS mum csomm lmsrnpsn son Pnrurrm ormroy 1   ,-
~ An outspoken Southern newspaper has been punished by three countynewspapexis-.$for expressing its support of a civic measure -which the officials opposed, T_li;
" The Gainsville, Georgia, Daily Times, throughits editor, Sylvan Meyer, took_,a;s.1~stand in February supporting a&#39;"&#39;_5I§I Fefng in the Georgia General Assembly w!rich92-*4-@511would convert the "fee" system of paying courthouse officers to a "salary" "basis._. ,3.-3Under the fee system, the county clerk, sheriff and ordinary are paid on a piece ,-f@_jwork basis for the number of arrests and other law enforcement activities they carry?~{on. Opponents of the system assert that it concentrates county law enforcement_on&#39;.f_~§.&#39;;those crimes that yield the_ biggest return and tends to ignore crime prevention and;investigation where no revenue will be produced, They advocate a straight salary¢gQ;;f>for these officials. _ - - - __ t  .
when the Times came out for the straight salary bill, Hall County Sheriff C.92927}f;%rWilson and County Clerk MD. Duncan voted to deny the Times its regular desi.gr1ation._§e,as official legal organ for the county - the official printer of legal advertisementgg- and the revenue which goes with the designation. Ordinary Frank Hood did not g§.;,f_*;?§along with the -action of his two colleagues.  r  - e-  __  I ..
In attacking. thisercercise of economic essure?  Times said i "Thus
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_ :< ~;- 3 Jr ,,, .&#39; -_~-,&#39;_.;*;".. _. ~ ~_, - * &#39; . . .. - &#39; . 5 V, ~- "1&#39;&#39;  ~ a a r ~-&#39; "A-e  "  *e..**"~":&#39;" 4-_,____-,e._»;,-;M.,_: -;. - _ ~ _ .- .. - , _ .- r *2-~,<&#39;:~".; -*-i».92,* &#39;- "&#39; _=. ,_~-~_&#39;_&#39;-:<. _:> - _ &#39;; .~&#39; &#39; ,-&#39; ~ -&#39; - P. _ ._ . _ _ _.- &#39;._-  r___  .. _., .2--,_-_,; -71,», . _-  :1 r ~- &#39;- y-;_. ~.~&#39;w;-"--=*_ r,&#39;_ r. ..  e - ".".&#39;  »_;~_»; _ . .- _ .~. 1 -. - &#39; &#39; . .,., .: ,_:___ :9; 6,._,_-._;;___ Aa_.»_- -- -131  *- _ Di, , &#39;_.e~:_-;_axdom attempts, even on a level as local as our own courthouse, to challenge the opinimof the pressand to deny that the people have the right to hear ideas contraryt_o,;__,-;;_&#39;;?that of men in office.- ~ » 4 _ "A  .
. . , , . _ .|;.f.;;&#39;fw:-", pf~ "If these officeholders expect their punishment to force a change in the editor%§~vsial policies of the Times, they have made an error. &#39;~Je had honestly hoped they worjl~.§;._:be tolerant enough to recognize that in a democracy honest differences of opinion q_=_;Ii§.are not only the custom, but are permitted freedom by the Bill of Rights." .
Since the controversy started, the General Assembly has passed the salarybill and it will face a local referendum in November. The Daily Times has pointed92_;_j%-&#39;_§;out that the bill provides for incumbent officials to finish their present termsunder the lucrative fee system.- _ . _ _ &#39;_  &#39;;;_&#39;.é&#39;>¥f
. . . 1 * ~.92-.1"-"i~:;;The Times has" also stated that it will go on printing legal notices as aservice to the community. _ ;._ &#39;  . _ Z»_&#39;§§V&#39;_f~-vj"" &#39;  - &#39;  w:~:.l%;.--iii&#39; &#39; 1. ._ CIVIL LIBERTIES BRIEFS _.;.;...,.-.._  . &#39; if
A Missouri state legislative committee rejected by a 20 to S vote_an effor&#39;t&#39;tol_§;Ibar nudism and nudist publications in the s&#39;tate...In its annual report, the New Y<2&#39;11kf»§§-"<State Committee Against Discrimination describes the law which it administers as ta;n&#39;§;..-T?accomplished "social fixture in New York.State." On the law&#39;s tenth anniversary;it said, the impact of the law can be observed through the state and seen in "the -~;T.~>T*=§Igeneral improvement in the status of the individual in the community."...One&#39;of the:,_;nation&#39;s largest chemical firms, the Monsanto Chemical Corporation, has been found, .;guilty by the Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination of discrhvainatingéejiiagainst its Negro employees, in by-passing them in making&#39;promoticn&#39;s to supervisgjr-y;> --Jobs. It is believed that the decision will carry -considerable weight in other 7_ _-; Hgstates facedwith similar cases, ultimately openi the way for &#39;morei-prwonnotion&#39;,;_9_§"fqualified Negroes.-.Damages amounting to $§2S,0OO.§ have.~been levied against Congr&#39;es~man James G. Donovan and three others in a libel suit growing out" of a primary card; &#39;paign in New York&#39;s Yorkville section in 1951 Frank J;"Stella&#39;and&#39;Anne K. Toomey,§_;"&#39;=&#39; .Democratic party leaders, charged that defendansvnewspaper had pictured them.8s&#39;.&#39;l&#39;;-;;_,sCommunists or Communist sympathizers during the campaign. Donovan represents the__,-1district formerly held by the late Vito Marcantonio.» .  Q  &#39;  -.~>4  ~
NOTE T0 EDITOIB: Enclosed in this week&#39;s issue of FEATU"<E Pl-E55 SERVICE is¢>~°the ACLU&#39;s&#39; new pamphlet on censorship of comic books. The statement 5 which was,____"-Tsummarized in the May 23 issue of the SERVICE, has been filed with the Senate _&#39;;,_&#39;_ &#39; - =-IJudiciary subcommittee studying juvenile delinquencyf 1  __ , ,,_ ;; _;;,]&#39;_:.-
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