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4-750 Rev. 4-I7-SS!
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
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laltho ldY1G92fDl'I| Bradhury,lmLQy,$l.lthandIa11arat that-oallml
Laboratory. It in appan-ant that the lntannabion regarding weapon: ma
Inohatamadovartoahalaaaianouu woryaaaplnu a . ..
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:9 1. nsabwlwtho p1:ton3nll.Ip'1oa&on!921pa -4;;
Ioaghua} ithclaarthat thaolaantlalaotthollonblnadcquatadptailiart
turudonraitharmihmohawutbaaluoaarlnar. R1001» ;.
appaxwt that oouaidarabh intonation I__aa lax-and our raga:-ag no-kypa ,-
Wlul - . ' - "
I9. ypo waapnn dmbpaata an
aanaaroad, Pu dnpart-urn that tho achal.
40l1pa£t»hlSam.stoan n¢na:-amuuuuam.
Moan and car]; apu-a1-Ln; levitated boaba
ahonldbaracallldthatfn Ialthatula
van?-umad niantlat. anzi that~
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< 4 - -. '11. 0221:1411; hobo had litiie intonation concerning ether . :
' @ " pheeee ef the U. 8. Project, up, the Ilenferd Projeotd hie ie iree0;I_ >-
eii the nenbere of the British nieeioo ee tu'_ee lento:-ll Le eeaoemedg! .- ~-'_.:
_ . It eould be pertinent to non whet hobo geve ere; of nob 'eMit.ionei - '~* 9
' " into:-eationeeheewheeeiueroede h~oltbePei'rinrepo:te£
it eould appear Nani the intonation in ihie eetegory ehieh he; .1_.___,12,- . _. s '2? "
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1-oiotin In one tiuion pronoun innit,-uzoopt tornuoh opooitio intonation
utho oponunoouotiooionp-obion Pu 240!. Ihionqypoooiblyio
iahrpatooiononouituiuonuionlollordotano-oaotondod .
laoainooboonoootthciroonottoroolathiotioll, or ntionuuboioglhruhhodiothonthroagbothoroooroou -~
in ' . _¢ '. -P ' " .' _ '- ' A --" --- ' -92 ". ,_ ~ A
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.. > nontionod on tho intonation transition!
' znumszq and bu givm in gononi t ,
citation. lama-:11; additional quot '
_ hoiphl in evaluating fully our pnooni .
intonation on transmittal: up hobo oouid Particular u-on
in which non dohiind infonaiioa would to u iaoiudo thonomoioor
weapons, rouooroondouoh diffusion plant pmblnouburioro, conditioning,
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~='* 11 ~»uwmummummLnm-- ~**~~~;o-L-' I' >.
Laboratory, taonhiotiiol. Dr.Et-hilly:-ooontctihonoctiogodoooI'ibo4IHUNJIUIQPIQ! _' . ' ~ --5
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rota-use to tho pa-caning at plutonium tram the giant:to the nan unnpoacnt for an state bah. Nauru. hobs ,
-.,;~- , . _ - . _ _ 1 .,%g1;1,umnw!rua'n-nmersnu-am;-~ " A 1:; . ,_ W _ . * ;~. 3 * -_ -' 1;. mm. the llding nu um n Ir. :1-am-m mm. '9 .~
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- lo. 551. In mutated 0:0 phyuiul. nomidontloun and til . '
dull: tutors or tho proposed embodiment iaundod In 'cttoct than oonnidorationl. In nttuudmei nu Hana-mfg Q,
hot, lulu, ml lntntnr» , - ,
m!am@mummpr ' . Amum. Ir lldnnl 2013.0: guided. In I. In-pita , _
I nah on the conditions tn Na 2113:: 0:140 oupannat -
jg 3,, -.. - v- I-pitta at 1 hp? '11!I ~»- .,umum tho ~ _-thounphyllntotu déhaiqnh .
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mnsrtod. sslsslsunns on various phssss 0! tbs Ipsri ~.- f -
A ssrrhsd sub on tbs "hiss" sslsulstor st Ph1Ld.s1pl1Ls- ' ,
fhsss solutions can for plans system st mm» Mnsnsisns
sndsxcludsdthsusllsflsctssndthsmvsrsssnptsnsttsci,
but nsvsrtbslsss indiests tbs £sssLbL1.16y st tbs prsssntl;
proposal dssip in LA lsport Io. 551!. Ibsugb not susplsts,
' imsy lndlosts that Lu ILGII s ant-Q tbs lOIliIl'1Il§1-II . H.
dsutsrlnl rssstisn hulls up to s subsungisl snug rslssss.
In Lslsdsrt dlssussdtbs sulprsssisappliss sf ., ~ , '_
nu-so. Iran tsstsl-in all dsntsrtn pus tritium lixt thsi
soasdsrstlonssfthsspstlonssfstst-ssnil. M
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mum tor nrtoss pa-ossssss ssnesrntng thsss suntan
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] ' llulcn includes l_ noting 1molv1n¢_ oeuldcrnblo tampon da' Ir. Nah: in tn attendant - '3 ._.
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Kr. Edvard teller prodded. u muting nu 1 gunanl - . .
aioeunlon purlod oouoorning the possibility or jauutal V
nppllutiono of tho douhrlnn plus buts:-in tactica-
Bopornl salmon» urn propoud all of Ii-duh urn wry ha-
fotohod and presented amorous practical dluulthlg E
'3' hllfiu RGO; 1'.I¢hIr M Ma '. '.
-92 - 4~ _ _ -.- . » - 4-_-,,. . _
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'Al92h0lnhrilGanlollDt.l1-ndbnrylpohnbrlpfly
tho radiation ucidmt ooau-Ln; on 11 IQ L9 ; taunting --
that no critical ualbly aprinnah an Go be oantlnud
until ufor mm; are duvnlnpod, and tin the involved .
plutonium when no no lint that it will not bu hnlld '-
toronnntlnl. !hou1nlpuhr1|uJ,I.892a|tcuthn ~.
hnlopntn in nlov 1:910:11-u, pu-tlmlu-lg bu-la: »
lltnto-plastic ccnpoaluonp, ta; nu in explain luau; I
Ir: lulu Ill prucntd _. .,.., " ;;~ -=>§..";;;-_§;~;- Q, 5-..- ~"~~"' L. - -~:=-4 .~; . ¥='..~- ' F ix? 4 ' ' '
ipu in 2, 1946; lm: sauna sin Irl§1:h
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u ' Reference 1e made so your memorandum to the Director dated lb; 22';
' 1950 furnishing an enluetim by the ltomic Bxergy C-eurleeim of intometimf 'mama to then in um ma. 11-. lee reccimended mt Liliecn cheek rm/
t Rear Admiral Sidney I. Boueref Bpeeiel C-oneultent to the President;' Hcnbrable Lmie A. Jolmemr/11;he Secretary at Defense; .mo to determipe u this eva1uati_.ai eould be dieeemineted 1» the following O!-
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- ltr. James B. Ley,Jr., Executive Secretary, National Security Council;
' ' Hr. Jack D. Neal, Aliociete Chief, Illvieicn of Security, State Department; .- ' Z Rear Admzh-:1 Roscoe H. B:lJ.1enkoetter,nh-eetm-, cmtrel Intelligence Lgenay;
_ Director at InteZL11genoe/ General Staff, Department at the Army; .
j Director at Navel, Intelligence; ' " '
at the Air Farce; I ' -' ' ' 5 _ -
_ jhelttm-neymerel - ' 1
P Director at Special Inveetigatime, The Inspector General; Department
0 .
m-. Franeie Hammack, Acting Director of Security, LIB, me contacted cn
by 23 and tea eeked it the Gumiesion had any objection to the dieeeminatim atthis infomaticn. ' ' . _ -
" on the morning qr my 25, Hamnack advised me mar diecneing the natal
the other agencies. He enggested thnt the agencies be informed that the mt
was ti-an the ltcnnic kzergy Ommieaiaa and was classified. " " - '
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an _ -by hon: to tho Russian: roquaatod by us of tho Atomio berg Goamia n.
FACTS. -':_.__»:-A. ~, ;.'~.'.<~-1.1: 3,-r-~i:1~""~:-'~. ~: * ..-¥',*:a: l--'-+..~ -' ~ - '
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-.¢_ letter dated By 1? 1950,1aulnittod an awaluatiou of the information _ A A _ _pooled by Fnoljb .5-'5" a atatomnt raooting the extent of Fuoh partioipotion '
in _tha Thormpolou Ioapon Program at Loo Alanna. an ovaluation aota_ ,_,.-,1k__
to:-'th tho porginin portion: of a roport prepared by a _Oomm1t'too of Banior '_" "
Haaponaiblo Bawioro who rovinrocl tho information in tho atatunonta of ;
_ mom to am; Shron of n-5 and nr. Iohaol Ir. Porrin, nrxum aoiontiah
Ibo ravioli no @o to aoat of tin Fuoha diooloouroa on n . A
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It eppeare.that Fuchl did not pan a greet deal of intozmticn ;- '
concerning pile technology, nor did he ottioially have any appreciable. ~ ~~
information concerning the Benford Project. It also appear! t t ehe y 1paned very little intonation relative to the tiuion proeeee
RECOHHBRDATIOI -
It in recommended that a photoetetie copy of the ABC letter of
By 19, 1950, and its enclosures be made available to Aceietant Director
H. H. Glegg in London. Attached for approval ie an appropriateietter.
It in also reoumended that Liaison check with the A30 to deter-
mine if dissemination of this information, which it ha: eleeeitied Secret,
has been made to tin egenoiee receiving intonation fro: us on the Fuchs
case. It not, Liaison should determine whether the A80 objectl to our din -
nominating the information to those agencies which are:
Rear Admiral Bidney I. 3ouera, Special oneuitant to the President;
Honorable Louie A. Johneon, The Secretory of Defense; .
Ree: Admiral Earl 3. Stone, USN, Director, Armed Fcrcee Security Agency;
Brigadier General Carter U. 91e.rke, Chief, Army Security Agency; -
in-.Jenea 8.151, Jr" Executive Secretary, lhtionai Security Council;
Ir. Jack 9- nan, Aeeociate Cihiet, Divieion oi 8eourity,State Departmed:
Rear Admiral Roscoe H» B.il1enkoetter,Director, Central Intelligence Agency;
Director or Intelligeneeenerai Staff, Department or the kw;
Director of llaval Intelligence: . ' ~'
Director or Special In/eetigatiozu, the Iuapeotcr Oenera1,Departaent
" . _ of the Air Ycrce;
The Attorney General. _ . »- . - . .
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N1 ITICE
THE BEST COPIES OBTAINABLE ARE
INCLUDED IN THE REPRODUCTION
OF THE FILE. PAGES INCLUDED
THAT ARE BLURRED, LIGHT OR
OTHERWISE DIFFICULT TO READ
ARE THE RESULT OF THE CONDITION
AND OR COLOR OF THE ORIGINALS
PROVIDED. THESE ARE THE BEST
COPIES AVAILABLE. .
d,r 1-.w~
SUBJECT: KLAUS FUCHS
FILE: as-sssos
SECTION: 3 3
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FROM = D. ML'Ladd
ALL nmmmzon coraeiESPIONRGE * R
For record purposes, it might be noted that Messrs.
Belmont and Ladd conferred nth Hr. Hclnerney of the Criminal
ivision and Hr. Filliam Foley with reference to the identi-
fication of Harry Gold on the evening of May 23. They were
furnished with the information concerning the various meets
to which Gold has confessed. They were advised of Gold's
confession orally and of the "tentative" identification by
Fuchs. They were further advised at this time that there was_= MR. BELll nsrm Hay 24; 1950 _. . Nn 31!/so ,--.;_,sumxcn EVIL JULIUS KIAU FUCHS 'I1-UIQ
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no other corroboration and that undoubtedly it would be impossib§e
to bring Fuchs back as a witness and, therefore, he should not
be considered as a witness in the case. ,
During the discussion,.Messrs. Peyton Ford and-Hr. NicholsQ*
arrived. After considerable discussion, Mr. Mclnerney decided A 92
that it would be desirable to proceed under Section 34 qf Title.50, L;
filing in Brooklyn, New York, and having Gold immediately arraigned
in Philadelphia. Accordingly, he telephonically contacted U.
Attorney Vincent Keough in Brooklyn, told him to stand by and
would be contacted by a Bureau Agent and that prosecution was1
S. 6
he Q;being "
authorized under the above section. He and yr. Ford subsequwtly
contacted Judge McGranery and asked him to be available for the
arraignment. . -
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K ' 3 .su1s;sc1'= 'FOOCASEESPIUNLGE "
Bureau file 65~5B8O$
774
PURPOSE:% E ',
the basic facts relating to the identification of Harry Gold as the
, "9292 espionage contact in the United States of nr. mil Julius Klaus Fuchs and
-,__ Z. Gold's confession in this regard. u .3;-' 92BACKGROUND: _ _ ' !iii
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s summary of NF
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To furnish you, in
i You 1111 recall that information from indicated5 that in 1944, Fuchs was transmitting his espionage ta on atan energy to }_ an individ referred to e MGB,fiz-at as "Goose" and later as "krnawii 9292Z or "Arno." rul indicated that "Goose" wasintimatelyif acquainted 2. the usz. activities of Abraham Bro n and rted to5 92 his Soviet superiors information concerning Brothmal-1 §¬cated §92 further that "Goose" in late 1944 had selected "for his work" e title, 792-92 "Problems of the Practical Application Under Production Conditions of the
_ - __j Processes of the lhermal Diffusion of Gases." "Goose" was contemplatin 3J _¢ entering into contracts with various firms and setting up a lab.o!rator 92
égerial also indicated that the S t__h_ considsrai1:!!o| concenéting all espionage activity against atomic energy Q
-.-1 installations in the United States in the hands of "Goose" but had deemed
1 _ N" such a practice inadvisable because it was too risky. The material also
' indicated that "Goose" had visited the home of Fuchs' sister in Cambridge,
liassachuset s the latter part of 1944 in an effort to re-establish contac ,92,X with Fuchs .%y : II, ' 4
Ion will recall that Fuchs during interview was unable or refused
to identify his American contact. = He furnished a very general description _,.
~-.
92
4of the contact but could give very little detailed information which ~/useful in effecting the identification. mobs subsequently informedlml--5 ',
that°'i.t {as his impression that his contact in the United States was a f
gen'erati,on'Lmerican, might have been employed by a small 9DglJl88lin§-I-NDAJKD 2 '
. conoern,~ani' that he could not travel about freely but rather was 1'092
Attaclmentl-1 G 5 t J;M HQ emu? JRE X!RDED .~ 0 »092!922@/- w
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to take leave from his work in order to keep hi mmnm with Fuchswin Saute Fe. Fuchs had stated previously toLMI-5 t his United States
contact had some knowledge of chemist a ng ering, although hedefinitely was not a nuclear phyeicislt-ii ;
J
_ ,» You will recall that Puche admitted that he had had several
meetingswith the American contact during 194.1. and 1945- The first meetings
were in New York. He later had meetings in Boston and in about June and
September, 191,5, had two meetings in Santa Fe, New Mexico. IL
In an effort to identify thetgoviet agent 'G0ose' various
investigative steps were taken. Intena ve investigation was initiated
of Abraham Brothman and his various associates; investigation was under-
taken to identify the document which "Goose" was allegedly preparing;
attempts were made to locate the laboratory which "Goose" contemplated
organizing; field ofiices covering possible residences oi Goose" reviewed
their security index cards for logical suspects; all available hotel
registrations in Santa Fe and Albuquerque during the pertinent period
in 1945 were obtained; available travel records were checked; investiga-
tion was conducted to locate and interview other tenants in the apartment
house where Fuchs resided in New York City. All investigation was
directed towards identifying "Goose." Photographs of hundreds of possible
suspects, whose background generally fitted the meager details available
concerning "Goose," were exhibited to Robert and Kristel Heineman, as
well as to Fuchs. You will recall that Fuchs tentatively identified Joseph
Arnold Robbins as his United States contact, and an intensive-investigation
of Robbins was immediately instituted. It is of interest to note that '
agents who have viewed both Robbins and Gold advise there is a striking
eimi r ysical appearance and mannerisms between Robbins and Harry°°l " ¥¬rP~SE¬R5T
Harry Gold first came to the attention oi this Bunsen on May 29,
1947, when Bureau Agents conducted an interview of Abraham Brothmen in
New York City. Brothman had been implicated in Soviet espionage by
Elizabeth T. Bentley in November, 1945, and intensively investigated
thereafter. Brothman admitted acquaintanceship with Jacob Golos andBentley, saying he knew the latter as "Helen," and confirmed Bentley's l/L»
.
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allegations that he had turned over to Golos and later to her certain
blueprints. Brothman continuedthat Bentley last visited his office
sanetime in 191,0 after which an individual naned Harry Gold came to his
office, introduced himself as a representative oi Goloe and thereafter
periodically picked up blueprints frcn Brotbman. These blueprints
allegedly pertained to designs for industrial chemical machinery.
Brothmsn then declared to interviewing agents as of the date of the
interview May 2'9, 1947! Gold was employed by him as a chemist in his
laboratory in Queens, New York City. M,
On interview by Bureau Agents on May 29, 1947, Gold stated he
was born December 12, 1910, in Switzerland; that he had come to the
United States in 191.4 with his parents, Sam Gold and Celia Gold, both .
of whom were born in Russia. Gold stated his parents entered the United
States under the name of Golodnitsky but changed their name at the time
of naturalization. 1/L
- Gold stated he was employed intermittently by the Pennsylvania
Sugar Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from 1929 until February, 19b6,
when he assumed employment with Abraham Brothman in the concern known as
A. Brothman Associates, 85-O3 57th Avenue, Elmhurst, L.I., New York.
Gold stated that at a meeting of the Lmerican Chemical Society in
Philadelphia in October, 1940, he was introduced by Carter Hoodless, a
colleague in the Pennsylvania Sugar Canpany and who is non deceased, to
one John Golush or Golish. Gold immediately identified a photograph of
Jacob Goloe as identical with this individual. After the above-described
introduction Gold and Goloe spent several hours in a Philadelphia
restaurant, during which time, according to Gold, C-olos represented
himself as having connections with some individuals in an unnamed foreign
country and also as having connections with Abraham Brothman, who, Goloa
said, was then turning over to him certain blueprints relating to the
chemical industry. Gold contended that Golos told him that it was
necessary that he have a qualified chemist who could travel to New York
City, pick up blueprints frcm Brothman and thereafter evaluate them frcm
a chemist's standpoint. Gold denied that any financial arrangement
whatsoever was entered into by himself and Golos with respect to can-
pensation for the services to be performed.
Gold then related that he introduced himself to Brothman over
the telephone from Philadelphia, and a week or two later, which would place
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it in November, 1940, Gold met Brothman for the first time in e New
York City restaurant, on which occasion Brothman turned aver blueprints
to him. He stated that for the next six months he made visits to New
York City on the average of every three weeks, always in the evening in-_
asmuch as he had to tend to his job in the daytime, and saw Brothnsn
and received blueprints from him on each of those occasions. Gold
declaned further that during this period when he was traveling to New
York to see Brothman, he received four or five telephone calls Iran Golos,
during which the latter would state that he and Gold would have to get
together shortly but Gold stated such meetings never materialized. He .
placed the date of his last phone cell from Golos as May, 1941, and denied
that he had ever heard anything further frun him. Gold said that during
the course of his contacts with Brothm-an, the latter became friendly with
him and evinced an interest in employing him as a chemist. Brottman gave
him several odd jobs to perform and compensated him for such work. Gold
declared that he finally yielded to Brothma.n's desires for him to go to
work for Brothman and assumed iulltime employment with him on February l,
191,6. ZL
- In an effort to locate some of the blueprints which Gold received
from Brothman and which Gold said might still be in his Philadelphia
residence, agentsrvisited the Gold home at 6823 Kindred Street, Philadelphia,
on May 31, 1947, and Gold on that occasion searched his personal effects
but found no blueprints and concluded that he had thrown them all away in
191,1, when the family moved. LL
Gold was briefly reinterviewed on June ll, 191:7, in an attempt to '
secure details regarding Carter I-Ioodless who, he said, had introduced him
to Golos, but he was unable to furnish any information of value, inasmuch
as Hoodless had died in 1942 and his wife's whereabouts were unknown to Gold. LL
On July 31, 191.7, Gold testified under subpoena before a Special
Federal C-rand Jury in the Southern District of New York. You will recall
that this is the Grand Jury to which evidence was presented by Messrs.
T. V. Quinn and '1'. J. Donegan stemming out of the Bentley disclosures.
Messrs. Quinn and Donegan advised confidentially that Gold testified to the
same information that he had furnished Bureau Agents on interview. LL
On June 5, 1947, a photograph of Harry Gold was exhibited to
Elizabeth T. Bentley, who was unable to recognize it. Z/Q,' I92
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Va mm ! HBased upon info:-aatiorreceived £'rom nd the
infonnation in Bureau files as set -forth above, was e iev highly
probable that the Soviet agent "Goose" was an associate of Abraham
Brothmaa. is indicated above, intensive investigation was initiated of
Brothmu and his associates. The definite possibility that "Goose" was
identical with Ikrry Geld was pointed out to you in a nenorandun datedApril 26, 1950 which mconmmedj te ens with Brothnan and six of hisassociates, includil Ha111 mM.1
The field was instructed by letter dated my 1, 1950 to conduct
this series of interviews simultaneously. ZL .
These interviews were held up pending the development of a
condential source with access to Brothnanis office. This source provided
on my 6, 1950 a typewritten document, the title of which was obliterated,
but the contents of which referred to the industrial application of a process
of thermal _dii£usion. This document was considered of extreme significance
inasmuch es its contents appe d t oiacide very closely with the topicdescribed hereinbefore which i"'G0oi:-lied caoiers "for his work."This typewritten document dig no? t bear the name oi its author nor
was there auw other readily apparent manner in which to determine the identity
of its author. IL
The interviews with these individuals were begun on my 15 and 16,
},95.Q~-<cl!hile-they*prcTvided considerable information of interest, with the
exception of the interviews with Brothman and Gold, they did not provide
information implicating anyone in Soviet espiomge. ZL,
Harry Gold was interviewed on UB7 1.5, 1950, at which time his
general knowledge oi the activities of Abraham Brothman was obtained. The
interview was discontinued when it was necessary for Gold to return to the
hospital where his job required constant attention. Accordingly, for his
convenience, arrangements were made to continue the interview on the evening
of may 1.9, 1950. --bl,
Based upon the review of the results of the interview with Gold on
May 15, 1950, the field on May 19th was advised that efforts should be made to
obtain Goldie written consent to an examination of all his effects. ix,
|
Interview of Gold was resimedu on May 19, 1950, at which time he was
questioned in the Philadelphia Office from 6:20 PM to 1:15 All May 20, 1950. Gold ZL
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reiterated the story he had given Agents on May 29, 191.7 concerning
the circumstances surrounding his meeting Golos and Brotlmaa. Gold gave
detailed information concerning his travels during the pertinent time and it
is noted that he denied ever having traveled west of the Mississippi Hiver
snd, Jdlceniee, denied lcnovdag Fuchs although he did recognise his picture
which had appeared in the newspapers. Z1.»
Interview of Gold was resumed on my 20, 1950 at 6:05 PM in the
Philadelphia Office, but was limited inasmuch as Gold was fatigued from ,
the intenrisvrs conducted ttn previous evening. Although the interview on
May 20, 1950 was not productive, Gold did consent to a resumption of the
interview on may 21, 1950 and to a search of his residence on May 22, 1950. KL
On may 2]., 1950 Gold was reinterviewed from 3:30 PM until 7:20 PM
and he continued to deny any association or acquaintance with Fuchs. He did 92
admit that in connection with his thermal diffusion process he considered opening
a small laboratory himself and, ii successful, would then contact a number of
companies to interest them in the process. On the occasion of this interview
motion pictures and still photographs of Gold were taken with his permission
and arrangements were made to resume the interview on May 22, 195.0. ZL
On the morning of May 22, 1950 interview of Gold was resumed. A
search of his premises, with his consent, was immediately conducted, during
the course of which Agents located certain material which did not fit in with '
the story he had previously related. Specifically, there were found a Pennsylvania.
railroad schedule, reilecting a possible trip to Montreal;- a letter from the
Pennsylvania Sugar company, stating that the $500 loan of Gold had been repaid;
end, finally, in back of the books in the bookcase a circular concerning Santa Fe,
New Mexico, of the type put out by the Chamber of Commerce. lb
As each one of these items was found, Gold was questioned and upon ' i
finding the last item it was suggested to him that he "might as well come clean."
Gold hesitated and then made the statement that he was the one who had received i
the information from Dr. Fuchs. Gold. stated that he would give 8. complete '
confession. Gold admitted that he had been in contact with Fuchs on a number
of occasions, commencing early in 1944 in New York City and continuinguntil September . 1.945, when he last saw Fuchs in Santa Fe, New }.{e:d.co. KC,~
A copy of Goldie confession is attached. "LL; .
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In connection with the" current interview or I-och: in London,
still and movie photographs of Gold had been surreptitiously obtained for
display to Fuchs. Previously, Fuchs and Robert and Kristel Heiasmaw
had failed to recognize a photograph of Gold. OI my 20, 195° Fuchs I88
shown the new still photographs oi Gold andlhe did not identify them, though
he stated he could not reject then. On my 22, 1950 Fuchs viewed three
repeat showings"-of the moving pdctunes oi Gold, after which he stated thatGold was very likely his contact in the United Statesq K
It will be noted that this information was received» by cable at
11:08 All my 22,- 1950, while Gold had first admitted his eipioaage activity
at epproximtely 10:45 All the same day. LL _
Advice was received by cable today May 25th! that the photographs
which were taken on May 21, 1950 at the Philadelphia office and which were
flown to London by a commercial pilot on May 23, 1950, had been viewed by Fuchs
and he hadmade e positive identification oi Gold as being his American
contact. TL, A
It is interesting to note that during the interview with Gold, he
indicated that at his first contact with Fuchs in New York in 1941+ Fuchs was
to carry is his hand as one of the means oi identification a handball. In
later interviews with Fuchs, he indicated that a tennis ball, instead of a
handball was used as a means of identification at the first meeting withGold. L1,
You will recall that the prosecutive situation, in view of .
Gold's admissions, was discussed with Messrs. Ford, Mclaerney and Foley, of
the Department, on the late afternoon of may 23, 1950. ' The Department decided
to proceed against Gold under Section 34, Title 50, U. S. Code, charging a
conspiracy to violate -Subsection a! oi Section 32, Title 50. Assistant
Attorney General uclnerney drew the complaint, the contents oi which were-
telephonioslly furnished to the New York Division with instructions that an
Agent swear to it in the Eastern District of New York. Warrant for Gold
was issued later that evening and he was arraigned before U. S. District Judge
James P. Mcranery in Philadelphia at 10:45 PM on May 23, 1950, on the
recommendation of the Department, bail was set at $100,000 and Judge McGranery
set June 12, 1950 as the date for the further hearing. Gold was committed to
jail in default oi bail. M, _»- ,
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- It is to be noted that on Hay 22, 1950, Gold had executed a.
statement in the presence oi Agents in which he recited his desire to
furnish voluntarily and oi hi! onn free rill, to Special Agents of the
FBI, certain information he possessed and that for that purpose,
had requested Agents to make arrangements so that he could remain with -
then for e period o£_ several days, which he estimated would he necessary
for him to Inrnish all information er interest. Lb Y
it the present time we are mating all possible e.f1orts to
corroborate Gold"e story. Leeds are being est out by telephone and
teletype. In addition, efforts are under my to effect an identification
of Goldie espionage associates presently known only under obviously assumed
or cover names. LL - -
Abraham Brothman is still being interviewed and intensive investigation
of him will be continued. LL
It should be noted that the Albuquerque Office has located a
registration card at the Hilton Hotel, Albuquerque, New Mexico, bearing
the name Harry Gold, 5032 Boudinot Avenue, Philadelphia 24, showing registration
in September, 191,5 Q-the enact date is not yet available!, in Room 521. Thiscard rewcts Gold's business association as A.B.A. Laboratories, New York
This card will be afforded examination in the FBI Laboratory to
determine ii it is in the handwriting of Harry Gold. The A.B.A. Laboratories,
of course, is the firm operated by Brothman in 1945. u,
At the present time we are attempting to retain the confidence
of Gold and to make arrangements for further interviews with him. It will be
noted that the attorney Aaron Miller! selected by Gold advised the Philadelphia
Office on Hay 24, 1950, that after conferring with Gold, he does not desire
to represent him. He stated he was of the opinion that Gold would need an
attorney of more ability and stature than he, end, further, he did not not toget mixed up in a case of this type. M,
It should also be noted that a file check made with G-2, QHI,
OSI and State Department on Harry Gold, with aliases, has reflected that
they have no information concerning him.
None. The above is for your information. 7/ ../M.! 1
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SUBIECT: KLAUS FUCHS
FILE: 65-5 880$
SECTION: 3f
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Re In York Igtr to Bureau 5/2:3/50 1-6 above mbgect.
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whoa identity 1a_ mm to an; nuovn photograph at HABR OLD. Informnt stated this
individual 1: mknoln t in and he bad never teen -
GOLD or hand-anything concerning Ml. Inroxmntstatod_l92e ban: or nu usoatates or GOLD.
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FILE: 65-58805
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Yoda:-:1 lunch at lhvutigntiwO Imwv - kubiuoia ggoaiggiuf was nuns tghqhdu $3 pl [K1
< thin 1: being mhitted hornrlth ad tloul tnfoxnntisou ro-
prding thn uptomp aottvltlu or Fuchs which my be at tntorut to mu
and $0 Ir. Oordon LI'$OIn. '1
_/I Fuchs, 0.1:-in; thy Antonin: nth this ham: nproncntntlvn
Q in um», ma me punmllq information of ¢ immun. up nu given
to his contact, Raymond when ha kn: identified Ira phnuogrnphs as Barry
0o1d!,1nvr1-Lting. Bo lnlnhinn that at an tin did ho hn uq other
contact tor uplamgo pu:-pun in tho mind Hutu» in sud that Raymond
cu act able to uaéorstuu tnoimial information turnlnnd only, time
til urn}. Lntonnoa mu he pund 60111 wlh pa-lonltthn, til
identities of coiuntuts, un:!.1n1'orut1on at a pun-:1 mtwo only-
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- Pub: nu ma M would tints am the m.g°921-uifu maby hi: npudod up by inn-11 yarn thn production or m92w mahbuouull 2!-1Ib2!l'%U*MQ bif uiontiutl to work pram-137ni7@u an pout I of nl1omb n in new or u em um u Q egg;-at tomtim.1-=______ nu _ BI Idol that hi: utimb 09> l¢y92¢J u-1" is~___._. minim lciuntintl are and hog?! Qlnbrcd thl'-"--- '3 " T W -f REC0R0EU §@5§*/ "$6"@92l________, ,§ . .-mm 2 * .:m92=2-""f_ us. H4 L 49 - cw-m....._... ¢ _ ' I5- R41-W 9?» aausnr e-1.aao's' 3 ,
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inlbrntim would Isms hem of
rsootiu M slid that it no hi s
ts apudsd up tbs iusoiua non bomb as yar-
huithatifhshodgivonthosonodai amiaothu
mnsinnstothothitodihstnuotthstils volinihn
mam -at-ss ho would lava spsodod up tbs Ans:-ion production at tin
ohm bonb only slightly. Ho bnod this on tho hot that it no possible
in tho Unihsd State! to detonate the bomb prsotinlly as soon an the
tisoiomblo natural no no.1 labia. ,
Puohl said tho he gsvo to the ovid union
osplanlgl ooutnot nothing which would luv: uaoo than notion
of plutoniw, as la know vary little of this during tin in
11$ M11104 Hiatus.
1-hobo claims to how tarnished no inammation to his Soviet
oontuot in tbs mic Status oomorning. u .}qm=o;m bomb. Ho deolinod
oo srnish up qpmu of what ho had given on tbs 8o1-Lot Union after nu
return to England regarding the two:-ogon bomb booauso 01' the look oi
cooperation between the tmitod Status and Grant lritsin dz tho present
timrith rogu-<1 in mm research. Fuchs nidthntum Numbnhod
not mm-ma details to the soviet union regarding the Wdrogm bub
duringthl poriod horns Lat!» mm swbeonoboaauscho didnot
have 1 char lmriorstnnding or the x-nu:-oh being dun: in this raga:-d and
ha was 117114 that saw report he made would be 1 dnnfund cm-
Fuoha said that Artur his rotum to Fughnd in -mun, 1948, and
tho time be stopped tumilhing intonation to his ospiomsgo contacts,
which III in February, 1949, he hzmishod info:-mtion to the Soviet: oun-
oorning tho probability of pcrodotonationnd also curtain oalouhtiona
orrivod at tron u teats in oonnlotious iith Mn olpannb szplolianm is
said, howovor, that those osloulutiom worn not the ooooptsd riguroa, but
uon his own tiguufu which airtonsd tron xho ooosptod tigm-us.
Ths following intormtion is o summary or the information
obtained from Dr. inch: in London by tho Bureau: rsproaontativss, and
1111 oupplosnt informshion which previously ins been undo "noilsblo toyou regarding Fuohsv ossiomgo notivitioo. Fuchs ointod that hs Joinod
tho Communist Pu-y of many whilo ha us Banding tho University of
- ._ - . -.-92. .. -
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he an afraid
e r oi 1038, In
1988, travo Qlamh ham aaia
attended the minrait-.;r or Bristol, ehen
lying the Spaniel: Republican Porous, am
this ao being on behalf of u Cami Foray;
Fuoha aleo laid that while Bristol. he atbendad naetixga or -tho Society
for Uultw-al Relations with the Union oi Boviet iooialiat Ropublioa, am
that he regards thin organization an being a Ccaaaunieo taunt group. None
nid that later, while at the University oi Eainburgh be organiaed the
sending or propagamla laaflatsa from Scotland to Gummy, and ttat this
work waa in behalf or the Osman cmmmiat Party. '
- Ymha laid that during the pox-ion! frna September, 108-'5, until
aqnetima in 1.951 he In aware that there woe operating in Knglld an
undo:-ground notion or the Ge:-nan Oouauniat Party. Foam laid that ha an
oonaidoroo to be a member of this section of the Ear-nan Coammio Porky ana
probably had tilled out a biograplw oonoorning hiaeli and turniahea it to
ottioiale of this aeoon or the Gama: Oounmiat Party. nacho aaid that
Jargon Kuoaynald was regarded as the head or the mdorgz-omd notion or tho
Gamma Conmmiat Party in England during this pariod. Punks aaie that all
of hi: eapionaga activities in behalf of the 8cviot mien were motivated by
hie boliai in tho principles oi wnxian, and that while he lad Ind sloubta
at various tins oomaraiag the poaition or ne 507101; Union, he alwayl had
bean able $0 reconcile in hia aim! the position of tho Bovio Union during
the period or his oapionage autivlty, until In nally broke may tron this
activity in l'ab:-nary or limb, 1949-
I . B ,
1
ssr tbs suns of szssslsrs It is to bs muss this Fuchs has idsntitisd
s pbtogrsph of Bins: Dsvidoritsh Krslsr ss Llsnndsrq Irslsr Ill tbs
issrstsry of u lilituy it'hsshs's ststf or bhs Swish hbsssy in lamina
has 1942 until sssstins in 1.945.
Pushs ssid at hs nsintsinsd sonnet with Alsnsdsr tor s
psriod st spproxinstsly am-bait yssr std thsi: hs hsd only ho, or
psssiblq thrss, nsstings with him, ans or shish took pins st u Bovist
hhsssy in London. Alsssndsr srrsnpd for his to sstsblish sontsst with
ssunsnshsn hs an nssr Bsahury, hghnd. It is 1-spa:-bod at this
wcssn hss not been idsntitisd by tbs British suthorit-iss to dstn Paola
ksminsd in snatsst with Jlhil rum until he loft mglsnd in Iovuhsr,
1568» Bo turnishsi tn hsr sm! to Almmdsr srittsn infornstioa scans:-him
his work on stmo snsrgy rssssx-sh.
Fuchs ms thst in ths smmsr or 1948 hs lssz-nsd
dssignstsd as part or sn ortioisl British Mission which 'sss
tbs lmitszi Btstss, sni upon lssming at his éssignstiun he
suns: nun. $1» subssqusntly gsvo him instructions ss
sstsblish canhat in u Unitsd Status. Her instructions vs
strsst that Pushs shuuld on s dsaignsizsui dsy sud st s specified tins, goto s point an ths lwsr at Bids oi1IssYorl: itywhsrs hswouidssst In
indiviausl who maid bs ass:-in; glows and would hsvs sn snditisul psir
ot glans in his lands» Puuhs Ins to carry s tsmis bsil in his hsnd.Psssgrds Isrs to be sxshsngsd, shs exact nsturs at which hubs docs not
YIOI s .
Fuchs sx-rind in ths United States on Dsoasbsr '3, 1948, st
Bssrport mu, Virginis, sud tbs:-ss.:sr trsvslsé to In York City shsrs
hs wss s ssabsr of tbs lritish ssion. In hoping with tbs spsoifis
instruction whisk hs hsd bssn givsa by his sunsn sspionsgs sunset, hs
pmsssdsd st ths tins sad dsts indissssd to s plus on tbs 1.-war hst
Bids of lbnhsttsn which hs rsoslis to hsvs bssn on Hsnry Bi:-ssh Ihshs
s '
_,_,,._...,-.
A92
sibly oo may as anon aootinp.
ot thoso outings, but no
Wo
oi
bably
no
who1'
During tho Isotings ahioh wok plaoo in In -York City, Pooh!
turniohod to hioospiouago oontaoto app:-ozinaooly this-boon doouaonta union
ho hinsalt Ind proparod durizg his work vial: tho lritish llisoion in In
York City» lasso oars moor thosorisl dosignotion of BI am would ho
thou doounonts which ho proporod on tho first nimtosn or tho I-S!
*§ _ , c.,_, ,_ _ Q
1 .1 "_-J!;
Yl -
. = a
5gable contact, layman, and ho ha d vrtttou
lahr
that Ma contact had calico at tor hin-
hchl lhtod that shortly attor hie and , Baymonc 41¢
contact has then, and Iucha laid that re uodc tbr a
nhoequem contact lnicatcnater day! ¢ Intheneanthp Fuchs
preparea a handwritten rapcrt ct opp:-cdantel; It: pagan ooatainicg
clanlcd intonation dealing with tho Ihclo prone: ct making an accn
but tun eaicnablo material. ac he cm how the pa-chin. n alac
tumlahod in mo report tho agreed upon, ac wall aa tho prospect-Ave
plaza for tho count:-cotton am! poaublc detonation or an um boob as
he thou umcrotcbsi the problon.
4 - It night ho mm ac min tin that than ta considerable doubt
u co oheihor maha pound chin into:-nation at tho lcatcc meeting or
Ihethor ho actually prapareé om! 1'92:rni.ohcd this information at tho naethg
at the einnan hub, and tint macho to merely attanptlng to protect bio
I.-star, Kristel lclncnam In this connection, D217 Gold has mm
definitely at ha rooaind tho written informatics: at tho tbinnan hum.
Atinooettngtnthclcimmnhunludnnoarnngemntc foracul»
aequcai contactwrith Raymond at Ina Manon in -lino, 1948, and banished toHamlin a mp 01 the 011$ of Bcnba lb, kw bccicc, designating the mating
P0 e
noting no an place in Juno, 1945, at Santa Po, in Inxico,
1: between Ocetillc and Delgado Btreecn Fuchs piclocd up
tho car and drove to a deccrtod has wtnrc they parbod. At
Fuchs delivercd, in wring, aditicnal, detailed intonation
concerning tho work bcingalcnc oaths production or an atabw!» En also
1monaavl Eayncnc that a taut oxploolcu was l0I1_iD to hold in July at
Alnacgca-dc, In loam. In gun, 1n92n-icing, a duo:-ipucn or tho plu-
tonium bub, intonation concerning an ignition or tho bomb, tho nothcd
ct calculating otttciancy and tho roaulco of ouch calculations, and ho
pa-oparea a ohatch or tho bomb and ha ccupcnomu, with important aatcnatione
lndioacoc. Bo also mmtahcd the mm: ct the type: ct ozplcalvca to be
cud ii Q Elk _
' L? 4%:0, .
~ x
92
Z l Y
92.~./
1 z
1 92
Tl
no about 100 logrm gar math,
In about IO kilogram pr nolth
coming pmmaanticn. and intern tho blast nun ti
Arnngnnilnnméuatihiunoqtorfuhlhonnblinhn
1nndun,h¢1cnd,1nviIIO£'hhntln_92tb¢ Iuohlbtlinad
rcturnndtolu.g1cndnbou§th0t1rstot1:hn;nnr1I4l¢Fuetn
Ict1.ngI-II9:'ningiua8a'0lunt,Ih£.uh1|§h|
tnlondcm Arnngnnatnuurn
,|.ndt1I oontutnlib
ax-cm£thcbonh¢
Fuchs ro1nunodtoB|;1.m:l1uJunn, llqudhuvurttkilisod
u nthod or :'OII§tb1ill'd.lI¢ aonhbt at u In-niqian 8:-newt muting-
pha booauu at tbs IXPQIIAIO which lad bun xudu public in communion with
tho Suviot Zmbolligonno Ittlork in Gama. huh: was turtul at utilising
tho aontunt banana at tho or:-out or In Alan hm iy, u British
uiontist, although Fuchs aid ha bcliovcd ha would mt be nownllqr
involved in view at thy rm: that ha mnr ind engaged in plump in
Gland» ,pa-numciil-an or plutontu
curtain mm: con-
-
Lute in 1946 ta 4101404 to wllizo law other aathod of :1-
ultablhhing ocniaat lth u 3017101: Iniulligonut $0nl¢r, Ind having
lumoé that Jargon muyuki Ind returned to 00:-any ho ado contact
with Johanna nopmeh, when ha mew to be main in commotion with
tho mdorgroxmd nation of the Gonna Guummiat Party» Ba told bur that
he had lost cantata can tor tar to furnish thin intonation to Ihnnnar
lad taken muymkiw plus» A not or no hhr he oonhotod llopnach
Jwt outside or 1111140 u pic at mnptun Quart, um sh: at this an
gnu Mn izltruionl u in kw ha Iould utnhlich contawh P0011! ml
auntu¢1:natoan1aadbnok1nhnhnnd,wh1hhnhunntounrrya
wQ. . ~.- Y» E
x
/
hehe etatei that in 18
eegpatediohia min4ivi4m1ty:enneei892i:hen1in actually Yaeeili V» lathmiiae! at 2 Rue Meiphi lea-Iheiei in Peril,
Iraneea Iuehl Ill hid that this individual eould he abieie piaee his
ineeneaeteitheeneeneeheeeniabe able tenure tailgtllieniea
eeientitie tern. Iuehe aid he never nade thie eezeaet beeauee er the
reetrietiene piaeeé an Iheriing tor use in foreign travel at ebeei that
sue. Ian-ring hie e
Arrangement: eiee were made in order that Punhe night eeeahiieh
cent-act with hie internediazy in eaae the other en-angneate bu-eh dun
by goiq to a particular addreae at 168 III Read in mum, Surrey,
Iqzam. At this point Puehe Ill to three e e the periedieai
lea only" ever the nil oi the heme. On the page et thie periodical
lube wee he write ineeruetiom for the next huh: eu than to go
to mother point and to awake a ehaik mark on Pub Utilized thin
aethod en only one oeeaeien, which was merely purpose ei ieetizg .
the arrangeuente and hie contact informed him had received Ierd
that Fueha had utilised the method.
It ia to be noted that information has been received 17%
Britilh euthoritiel in the effect that e Ira Cherie! and hie and her eieter, Glue Ieaaee, reaiéed at 188 In % have
interviewed, but have denied any knowledge oi the m Te It alee hebeen reporeed by & B:-iiiah authorities ' last eepimuge
eoneet in Englemi has nee been identified
Fuchs has stated that during the period that he eae interned
in Gouda during the year 1.944 he did receive certain eeientitie
periodieale tree: Israel Belperin through the Mile Puehe eaid that tlure
are bee poaaibilitiee ae to haw Baiperin learned or hie presence in
Canada -- one would be through his mister, Kristel Beiueuan, and the
eeeond would be that Oez-nan Gamnniet Party menbere in England wrote to
Helper-in e leek after the eeientiete who eere ineareerated in Uanada.¢ a
, .V»,,.,..,_.,.._ %%%% % 1 Q % M, 0 ~ 5,
v , I I. ~
I a 92
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go sigma atuunnt tuba tron mu. Ii is nqoutod
no dlnunlmtlon or u intonation oontniud in this
emu or its eontmcnthl um. mum nature.
I
SUBIECT: KLAUS FUCHS
FILE: 65-S8805
SECTION:
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remind Ln translated fun: from mether mraau source. It is bnliund that
mu copy or tha translntnd vuraiun ahould ha mmiahod to the Landau, Hadrib I
dHaidnlbetg and P8-1'18 Off!-MO fur furhhdr study and indexing. The ax-iginal ,
bmment should be rutumad tn Pads, It in being loft to the dllention
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of atomic um-eta by the soviet; and witton iy lob
aunts: of tho In¢am¢ona1*Iau|.gcfrIo0, appear-rd
on Dccnbcr 18, 195.1. It ands uuoa that subsequentto Fuchs return to England In 194-gru an tniamuant
cup to Qnaadc, Jouph manila re ntcv In-niabed
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0]C6 Memmkndum - UNITED ST.»lI"ES GOVERNMENT
WQZ
mnm:=
.92EDirector, FBI 5-58805! DAT& February 2n, 1958
SAC, Cleveland 5-2694!
|
0
EML JULIUS KLAUS FUCHS, was.
ESPIONAGE - R
Re Boston airtel dated 1~l6-58 and captioned, ALEXANDER
POGO, ESPIONAGE - R. _ ,
The Cleveland Office has made the necessary correction
on page 12 of the report of SA JOH R. MURPHY dated
May 10, 1950, at New York, paragraph 2, line 1, as
noted under item #7, page #, of referenced airtel.
A review of the Cleveland files failed to reflect any
instance where this erroneous information was in turn
set forth. g
J
92tia2Bureau RM!
2-New York 5-15136! RM!
1-Boston Info! RM!
1-Cleveland
JWM:bn
6!
W 7.5:-II »
/5'§§
. 12 FEB 261958 E2 ,[
.REG-.51
EX-128 _ J}, 4! /_
. 1f."- 1~ -, '
*_'92 L 5 .| ' A-. -' :* .-:. _'.
' 1
I-
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/
SUBIECT: KLAUS FUCHS
FILE: 65-58805
SECTION: b.;92¥.% l-H U1 p "~¥ 2- 31; 2-
W0 92~ at Q9 #1 .? ;M..92-? 92= 1=<-1 gmiklguu Pas? _3_ ,5 Q92
1 .yI_ i _92_ _ll! h!
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¢ I Q/92§ '* . _.P'
IL °¥?1+?i§ E$1?l°"AQE swamI
In the course of interviews of Gold, conducted since his initial
admissions on Hay 22, 1950, that he was engaged in espionage activities on
behalf of the USSR, he has been questioned intensively in order to obtain
information which would assist in identifying and locating his espionage
associates. More than a thousand photographs of individuals, whose
respective backgrounds are similar to those of Gold's contacts, have been
displayed to him in an effort to effect identification of those individuals.
During interview on Hay 23, 1950, Gold related to Agents what
purported to be a chronological account of his espionage activities, com-
mencing with his recruitment into intelligence work in 1936, and included
the names and descriptions of his various contacts. In subsequent
questioning, however, he has retracted, supplemented, and continually
changed his original accounts of his activities.
The most pertinent retraction made by Gold relates to Jacob
Golos. In his signed statement dated May 22, 1950 referred to above!,
Gold related that in July, 19140, pursuant to s telephone call, he had met
Jacob Golos in downtown Philadelphia. He stated that this was his initial
meeting with Gclos and he described the nature or his subsequent associa-
tion with Golds, continuing, he said, until the end of 191.0. However, on
June 6, 1950, in an interview at Holmesburg Prison, Gold advised the In-
terviewing Agents that he had never met Jacob Golos, and that actually
his Russian contact, "Sam" Semen Harkovich Somehow!, was the individual
who sent Gold to see Abraham Brothman in the latter part oi l9hO. He ad-
mitted that he had furnished false statements to Bureau Agents during the
interview in May, l9l+7, and also had testified falsely before the Grand
Jury in New York in 191»? when he had declared that he knew Golos.
Gold stated that in 191»? he had given the story concerning his
association with Golos at the request oi Abraham Brothman. He explained
that he had been in touch with Brothman on the same day that Brothman had
been interviewed by Bireau Agents in Hay, 19b7, at which time Brotman told
him that he had been interviewed and the FBI knew the whole story and had
shown Brothman a photograph of Brothman and Gold together in a restaurant.
227 _
..
4
I
Brothman told Gold that he had advised the FBI that it was Golos who
originally sent Gold to contact Brothmen and he requested that Gold
furnish a similar story to the Agents. Gold stated that he was subsequently
interviewed on the same date as was Brothman, and did, in fact, support
Brothmsnls story, although he never had known Jacob Gclos. Be later furnished
essentially the same story in his testimony before the Grand Jury in New York
in July,
There follows s reoapitulation of information furnished by Gold
concerning the various persons with whom, according to his statements, he
had contact in the course of his espionage activities, commencing in l935 and
continuing until late 1945. Although he declared in the signed statement on
Mhy 22, 1950, that he first became involved in Soviet intelligence work in
1956, he subsequently admitted that his recruitment had taken place in 1935.
He also later admitted being contacted by an unknown Russian in October, 1949.
He made arrangements with this Russian for subsequent meetings, but none of
them were consummated, according to his statement.
Herry Gold originally denied receiving any money from the Soviets
in payment for his espionage activity. He later admitted, however, that he
had been furnished sums of money by Anntoli A. Yakovlev to finance his
espionage expenses. Further information concerning the {nods received from
Yakovlev is set forth at Page 213 in connection with an analysis of Gold's
bank account.
On July 19, 1950, Gold advised that sometime in November, 1943, he
had a meeting with "Sam" Semen Semenov! and "Sam" advised him that there
would be no business conducted that evening for they were going to celebrate.
Gold said Sun took him to a bar in the Perk Central Hotel in New York City
and there informed Gold that Gold had been awarded the Order of the Red Star
for his outstanding work on behalf of the Soviets. Gold said that "Smm"
showed him the written order making this award, but that it was not given to
him for security reasons. Gold recalled that one of the privileges attached
to this award was free trolley rides in the City of Moscow. Gold stated that
he had informed Abraham Brothmen, Thomas L. Black, and Philip Levine of
receiving this award. 5-57449-584, pages 52 and 33!
The following paragraphs set forth the chronological order of Gold's
association with various persons in Soviet intelligence activities. It should
be noted that his associations with Thomas L. Black, Abraham Brothmsn, Alfred
Dean Slack, and David Greegless have been referred to very briefly in this
memorandum, inasmuch as separate summary briefs are being prepared concerning
these individuals and their Soviet espionage activities.!
fl-_ . .92_ :
228 - '
. , ! I
- .-,,-'r_ L: 72"»v :Q/.11,-,£1
Although Gold, in his signed statement dated Hay 22, 1950,
stated that he was activated as a Russian espionage agent by "Paul Smith"
in the Fall of 1936, he subseqpsntly admitted that his recruitment was
actually brought about by Thomas L. Black in 1935, He stated that
Black was the individual who had introduced him to "Paul Smith" and
that this introduction took place in the latter part of 1935 in New
York City and was for the purpose of starting Gold's working for
the Soviets. ~A. Thomas 1';essing,_Blap+k___-L Introduceri 1935
Black has been identified as a chemist, presently residing
in Piladelphia, and employed at the Charles W; Berg Laboratories,
1827 North 5th Street, Philadelphia. Thoas L. Black was interviewed
on Jue 15, and subseqpent dates and he has admitted espionage
activity on behalf of the Russians, beginning in the early 1930s
in association with Ferdinand P. Heller and Vera Kane. Gold
originally met Black through Heller wo, in 1933, was instrumental
in obtaining for Gold, a position vacated by Black at the Holbrook
Lbnufacturing Company, Jersey City, New Jersey. Heller was also
interviewed on June 16 and 26, 1950, and he has advised that Gold's
name was first mentioned in connection with furnishing information
to Soviet representatives at a meeting between Black, himself, and
Gaik Ovakimian, known Soviet Agent, at Leon's Restaurant, 239 West
48th Street, New York City, on October 21, 1934. Heller stated that
at this meeting, he mentioned Gold's name as an individual interested
in going to Russia and as having knowledge of the distillation of
alcohol. He believed that Black got in touch with Gold, who was in
Philadelphia at the time, but admitted that it was possible he
himself may have written a letter to Gold requesting the latter to
come to New York. In this regard, Black has stated that Heller
contacted Gold in Philadelphia and that Gold showed an interest.
Black further aditted that he introduced Gold to Paul Petersen,
who is the same as Paul Smith, in 1933 or 1934. On June 19, 1950,
Vera Kane denied that she had ever met Gold. Report of SA Harold A.
Searl, Philadelphia, 7-6-50, re "Frederick P. Heller; 65-59181-85!
A separate brief is being prepared setting forth information
concerning Black, his association with Harry Gold, and his espionage
activities for the Soviets, For that reason, the details in this regard
r-92r
2;lO
P
1 _ ,
n
4»,
are not being set forth in this brief -' It should be noted, however,
that according to Gold, subsequent to the arrest of Klaus Fuchs in
England, Gold advised Black that he was the individual to whom Fuchs
furnished information while in the United States. It should also be
noted that Gold does not admit that he furnished any information to
Black which was intended for the Soviets. He does aldmit that Black
initially recruited him to work with the 3oviets and that he, Gold,
was cognizant of some of Black's espionage activity.
1":/92/92
1 I...-.'92_.
O 0.,j 11 I
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I
B- UIIKIIOWN SUBQEQT, was-_'Pnul Smith," "Paul Peterson - Supericr,,l93§5-1937
Although Gold in his signed statement of May 22, 1950, declared
that he was originally introduced into Soviet intelligence work by Paul
Smith," he has since admitted that Thomas Leseing Black was, in fact,
responsible for his becoming involved in espionage. Since his original
signed statement, Gold has declared that in the latter part of 1935 he
made e. trip to New York City with Black and not Paul Bmith in downtown
New York City on this occasion. Thereafter, Gold began turning over to
Paul Smith" reports on certain chemical processes being worked upon by
the Pennsylvania Sugar company, by whom Gold was then employed. Gold
said that these reports were as complete and factual as it was possible
for him to make them. He also has stated that he wrote these reports
on plain, white, unlined paper and that, although he believes the
information he supplied to this contact was important and useful to the
Soviet Union, he nevertheless feels that this association with "Paul
smith might have been a build up for later and more important work
which the Russians had in mind for Gold to perform.
Gold said he had a total of six or eight meetings with "Smith"
and that the last contact was sometime in the Summer of 3.937, when Gold
was turned over to Steve Swartz," who succeeded "Paul Smith." Gold
declared a few of these meetings occurred in Philadelphia, but it is
his impression that the majority of them took place in New York. Gold
stated he remembers meeting "Paul Smith" once or twice in the vicinity
of Columbus Circle, New York City, and one through apparent error
directly in front of Tammany Hall on Fourth Avenue, New York City.
Gold said that shortly after his first meeting with Paul
Smith, the latter offered to buy Gold a set of books entitled "The
Chemistry and Tockmolog of Soaps, Fats, and Oils. Gold contends
that he refused to accept these volumes because he felt that it would
be very difficult to explain possession of them to his family and
friends who would wonder whore he secured the money to buy the books.
3%? ' J
om;
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. .-tvvx' 9' l
,
Gold explained that after his initial meeting with "Paul
Smithy they made arrangements for futue meetings and also provided
for alternate meetings in the event the original plans could not be
followed. This contact gave Gold the impression that he was very
well acquainted with New York City, particdhny'the uptown Manhattan
area, and Gold also said that he has the definite impression that this
contact was a very experienced agent, and Gold rated him second only
to "Sam" Semenov! in ability. He described "Paul Smith" as an extremely
neat person who dressed immaculately and said that it was his impression
that "Paul Smith" was not married, or that if he were married his wife
was not in this country with him. Gold also has the impression that
this contact resided in a bacielor apartment or establishment of some
sort.
In addition to meeting with this contact near Columbus Circle and
in front of Tammany Hall in New York City, Gold also recalls meetings him
somewhere between 83rd and 86th Street, probably on ue west side of
Central Park. Gold said that on the occasion of his various meetings
with this contact, he transmitted handwritten reports to "Paul Smith"
and said the actual transfer was usually accomplished by means of his
concealing such reports in a newspaper and then he and the contact would
exchange newspapers. Gold has declared that he has the definite
impression that this contact may have been a Dane, or at least Gold
recalls some statements on the part of this individual which would
indicate that the latter was familiar with Danish life. Gold has
the further impression that this contact night have mentioned something
about going back to Germany. On the OCcuSi0n of his last meeting with
"Paul Smith," the latter informed him, while they were walking along
the street in how York City, either Broadway or a parallel street, that
they would shortly meet an individual walking toward them and that this
individual would thereafter handle Gold. This new contact was introduced
to Gold as "Steve" and after a short conversatima among Gold and the
two Russian contacts, "Paul Smith" walked away and Gold contends that
he has never seen him again. He reiterated int this meeting Occurred
in the early Summer of 1937.
Gold described "?aul Smith" as from 30 to E5 years of age in
1936, 5' 3" to 5' 9" in height, weight ~ approximately l65 pounds,
eves - light grar, light, ahnost blond hair, stocky build, and said
he had a pleasant,ingratiating manner. Numerous photographs have
been exhibited to Gold in order to effect an identification of this
LY
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J
contact but he has been unable to recognize any of the individuals.
Gold has also stated that this contact gave him the impression oi
having had military training, although he could give no definite
information on this point. Philadelphia tdletype dated 6-l-50!
In an interview with Thomas L. Black on June 21, 1950,
he fumished information conoerrdng his knowledge oi, andriesociation
uith, his $oviet superior "Paul Petersen" who was known to HarryGold
as "Paul Smith." The information supplied by Black is being reported
in the individual brief dd Thomas L. Black. Philadelphia teletype é»2l-50!
On June 2'7 , 1950, Harry Gold chose the photograph of Nikolai
Nikhailovich Akinfiev as being very possibly identical with "Paul
Smith." 5-57449~536!//*
Nikolai Idildiailovich Akinfiev was born at Moscow on November 5,
1916, and entered the United States at Miami, Florida, on May ll, 1948.
He and his wife, Valentina Gueorgivna Alcinfieva, departed from the
United States on the Ii.i.S. Batory on May 16, 1950, at New York City.
In the United States he assumed the duties of code clerk at 680 Park
Avenue, New York City, on May 16, 1948. Prior to May ll, 1948, when
he entered the United States, he had been employed as attache at the
Soviet Iegation, Bogota, Colombia. 5-5741.~9-528! /'
An examination of the Iimnigration and Naturalization Service
records failed to reflect any prior entry of Akinfiev into the United
States. NFC teletype 7-10-50!
Thomas L. Black, who is mentioned above, knew "Paul Smith" as
"Paul Petersen". He was shown photographs oi Akinfiev and he advised
that Akinfiev was not identical with "Paul Smith - Paul Petersen."
Philadelphia teletype 6-28-50, 11:50 i.m.!
A separate investigation is being conducted in an effort to
identify the Soviet espionage agent known to Gold and Black as "Paul
Smith" and "Paul Petersen." 5-59191! 1
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1'92,'92_I92
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C. Unknown Gubjéct, with alias, fdteve Swartz" - Superior, l9§7,7 8!
In a signed statement dated May 22, 1950, Gold declared that
after terminating his espionage connection with WPaul Smith," he was
next contacted by an individual who identified himself as "Steve Swartz."
In additio to the informatio set out in the foregoing paragraphs
under the caption, "Unknown Subject, with alias, Paul Smith'," which
sets out the circumstances uder which Gold claims to have met "Steve
Swartzf Gold has stated that this individual was the most nondescript
of all his contacts while he was engaged in Russian espionage and that
as a result, he recalls less concerning him than he does regarding the
others.
Gold had declared that all of his meetings with this individual
occurred in New York City, and that it is his impression that this
contact resided in Brooklyn, New York, and that he probably was married.
Gold continued that during the period he was transmitting information
to "Steve Swartz" which he gained through his employment with the
Pennsylvania Sugar Company, he had virtually exhausted the amount of
data available from this source, and as a result turned over information
to this contact only On a very few occasions. Gold has said that he
is quite sure this contact was a Russian and that he had not been in
the United States for a very long time prior to 1937. Gold also
described him as having a very heavy Russian accent and has said that
one of the reasons for his relatively short period of assocation with
this contact was that the latter was not in good health and probably
had stomach trouble. Gold also declared that on the occasion of a
meeting with this contact in late 1937 or early 1938 in a restaurant
on Broadway in the 8O's in New York City, the contact temporarily
excused himself and when he returned shortly thereafter, he motioned
to Gold to notice an unknown man enter the restaurant. The contact
then informed Gold that this man was to begin working with him and
instructed Gold to make the sign of recognition to dais individual who
later turned out to be 'Tred." This new contact then joined Gold and
"Steve Swartz" at the table and an introduction was made.
Gold has described "Steve" as approximately 35 years of
age in 1937 or 1938, approximately 5 9" tall, with light brown,
straggly hair, which was not well combed, bushy eyebrows, pale
complexion, usually needed a shave, stocky build and gave a generally
unkempt appearance. Philadelphia letter dated 6-1-50!
gig? in
r-e34.__.__,¢w
' '3 :1
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Photographs of numerous suspects were exhibited to Gold but heI
was unable to effect an identification of any of them as "Steve Swartz"
until June 13, 1950, when Gold informed agents, upon being shown a
photograph of Joseph Katz, that this individual could very well be
identical with "Steve Swartz." Gold recalled on that date that the
person he knew as "Steve Swartz" limped slightly on his left leg,
and he said the photograph of Kstz most closely resembles this contact
than any that had been previously shown to him. He cotended, however,
that this contact always appeared mch more ukempt than the photograph
of Kata reflects the latter to be. It is to be noted, however, that
Elizabeth T. Bentley, who was closely associated with Kata in espionage
work during 19A4 and 1945, declared he was extremely careless in his
dress and not at all meticulous about his appearance. Philadelphia
teletype dated 6»l35O!
Joseph Katz, who was known to Bentley as "Jack," is a
very important Soviet espionage agent whose activities have been the
subject of intensive Bureau investigation since Bentley made her
allegations concerning him in November, 1945. Katz departed from the
United States in the Sumner of 1946 and has resided in Europe since
that date, ostensibly operating as a representative in Paris, France,
of an American business firm. 5-57913! /
On June 29, l95O, Harry Gold advised that he wished to make
a correction in some previous information he had given. At this time,
he stated that the description set out above! which he had given
of the individual called "Steve Swartz" was actually not the des-
cription of "Swartz" but the description of an uknown Russian who
substituted for "Sam" Semen Semenov! in Buffalo, New York, in the
latter part of 1940. Gold stated that he did not make this correction
sooner because on the day of his original confession, Hay 22, 1950,
he tried to give too much information about too many individuals
at a time when he was under e great emotional strain. Gold stated
that since that time he had been questioned almost constantly. At
this time, he stated he could think of no further statements which
he had made since Hay 22, 1950, which were grossly incorrect, though
he may have made some error in placing a particular happening at a
given time.
92
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Regarding "Steve Swartzy Gold stated that he actually had
a contact by that name. This individual was his second Russian contact.
He said that a correct physical description of "Steve" is as follows:
age; about 28 in 1936; height, approximately 6'2"; weight, approximately
226 pounds; hair, sandy, straight; build, athletic, with long torso, long
arms, broad shoulders, large feet, large well kept hands, high cheek
bones, white even teeth, medium size mouth, thin lips, fairly large,
straight nose, small scars on forehead, possibly scar tissue; general
appearance, athletic and that of a prize fighter.
On this occasion, Gold stated that it was because of the
size of "Steve Swartz" that "Fred" was substituted for "Swartz" because
"Fred" was more nearly Gold's size. Gold said that it was his impression
that "Swartz" had attended social functions on a consular or diplomatic
level although Gold also believed that "Swartz" may have been attached
to Amtorg. Gold said that when the interviewing agents were displaying
pictures to him earlier- that week, he saw a photograph of an individual
named Rugs whom he said looked very much like "Steve Swartz." 5-59190-7!
Subsequently, Harry Gold was again shown the photograph of
Semen Lhfodievich Ruga and he stated that he was positive that Rugs
was identical with the individual whom he knew as Steve Swartz."
Gold said that he was positive about this identification and that there
was no doubt whatsoever in his mind. 559l9O-9! ,~/
Semn M. Ruga was notified to the State Department, November 29
1943, as an engineer, Division of Iachinoexport. He was born February 15
1905: at
at Great
with the
NovemberArchangelskoye, USSR. He arrived in the United States by plane
Falls, Ebntana, on November 15, l943. He assumed his duties
Soviet Government Purchasing Commission, Washington, D. C. on
22, l9&3. His office address was 3355 16th Street, U.W} and
his residence was 3541 l3th Street, H.h! He was described as the former
Chief of Locomotive Service, North Caucasus Railway, Moscow. In 1944,
he was joined by his wife, Zoya Dmitrievna Ruga, who arrived at Seattle,
Washington, January 21, 1944. While she was notified to the 5tate
Department as a housewife, she was also employed at the Soviet Government
Purchasing Comission. Payroll checks indicatethe possibility that
Ruga was transferred to New York in Noveuker or December, 1946. He
and his wife departed New York for Odessa, nussia, aboard the 5.8. Rossia
on March 16, 1947. es-59190-1o! /a
,1-: vs.' '7.
.-~»~.,92| A- . '../3
3
1 I, l.192
I I
II -
A separate investigation concerning Unknown Su'o,1ect,92rith '
alias "Steve Swartz is being conducted, it being noted that there is no
available information indicating Rugs: presence in the United States in
1937 and 1938, the period when Gold van in touch with 'B1a.'rtz."
On August 7, 1950, Harry Gold advised that Raga drove a car
to Philadelphia on the occasion oi his contact: with Gold. Re further
recalled that Raga once said aonething about being stopped, in either
Iev York or liew Jersey, vhile en mute to lee Gold one tine. The date,
place, time, and circumstances or this incident were not recalled more
clearly by Gold. _ _,5-571I#9-5'1-5! '
Gold also advised on August 7, 1950, that while Raga was his
superior, he had received from $25 to $30 expense money from Bugs.
5-5T*W9-610+! ""
In December 1950 an additional photo of Semen M. Rouge,
located through investigatiorgwas displayed to Harry Gold and he
failed to recognize it. At that time it was pointed out to him that
Rouge had been determined to be 5' 5" tall whereas he had described
"Steve Swertz" as 6' 2". Gold stated than that he was positive that
Rouge was not identical with Swartz."
A separate investagation to identify "Steve Swartz" is being
conducted.
-337-
._92 pt. 1 '
11- Subsect_s¢e "5151_"§ P?IE"9?!»l97.! + 38»
In a signed statement dated May 22, 1950, Gold named one of
his contacts as "Fred." The circumstances under which he claims to
have met this individual are set out in the preceding section concerning
"Unknown Subject, with alias, "Steve Swartz." Gold has said that after
he began his espionage association with this new contact, he came to
the conclusion that the reason he had been turned over to a new man
was that Gold was not producing very much information, and since "Fred"
was what Gold has described as a "tough guy" Gold speculated that
perhaps the Russians were of the opinion that he could get more results
fro Gold.
Cmwewmmofwemlmamgmwwnwmm
"Fred," arrangements for a subsequent meeting, as well as alternate
arrangements, were made. Gold has stated that "Fred" was more insistent
upon Gold's being careful when meeting him than any of his other Russian
contacts and that "Fred" gave him advice on how to determine if he were
under surveillance. When Gold informed this contact that the
possibility of obtaining more data from the Pennsylvania Sugar Company
was remote, "Fred" insisted that Gold obtain a Government position
and suggested that Gold should secure employment at the Philadelphia
Navy Yard. Gold has claimd that he never followed that suggestion,
and that during his entire association with this contact, Gold merely
supplied him with "odds and ends" relative to chemdcal processes
obtained from the Pennsylvania Sugar Company. Written data were
usually transmitted to this contact by Gold in the manner that had
been utilized by fonner contacts, namely wrapping longhand reports
in a newspaper and then exchanging newspapers in contact.
Gold said that on one occasion "Fred" offered him 550.00
which he refused, and that at a subsequent meeting the offer was
again made but Gold said he never accepted it. He pointed out that
he had never accepted money from his previous cotacts and diinot
desire to start the practice. Gold recalls one meeting with "Fred"
on 5th Avenue in the '9O's in New York City, and from "Fred's" actions
when they'had meetings, Gold gained the impression that "Fred" was
handling other espionage agents-
.1._,_.
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Gold stated that his last meeting with this contact was in
the late Summer or early Fall of 1938 in New York City. On this
occasion, Gold informed "Fred" that he had decided to enroll in
Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio. when Gold initially described
his association with this contact, he declared that the latter made
no mention about any possible future contacts after the New York
meeting when Gold proclaimed his intention of going to Xavier University.
Cm subsequent interview, Gold however, has retracted his statement
that he engaged in no espionage activity from the Fall of 1938 until
1940, and has given considerable information concerning his activities
while enrolled at that institution. He said that his espionage work
during that period was under the direction of "Fred." Details concerning
Gold's activities during that period are set out in connection with
Benjann Smilg.
,'92 - f9292-. i._!
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92f,.r'- iv 3
Gold has described "Fred" as 30 to 33 years of age in 1938,
5' 4" to 5' 6" tall, weight - approximately 140 pounds, dark hair and
eyes, swarthy complexion, black medium sized mustache, large nose,
stocky build and with a Russian accent. Although numerous photographs
of suspects have been exhibited to Gold he has not been able to effect
an identification of this contact. Philadelphia letter dated 6-1-50!
Dr. Paul Wilhelm Messing, Hede Messing, and Louis F. Budenz
advised confidentially that hey had no information concerning "Fred."
New York teletype dated 6-7-50!
On June 18, 1950, Harry Gold was questioned concerning written
material found in the search of his residence. He identified numerous
rough draft reports which he said were presumably made into final report
form and submitted to "Fred" and/or "Steve Swertz." These reports
concerned the efforts of Gold to obtain admittance to Massachusetts
Institute of Technology and the University of Cincinnati. Gold stated
that "Fred" tried to persuade him to go to the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology and offered to pay Gc1d*s expenses there. Gold said
1at he declined, however, because he would have been unable to explain
to his family how he had obtained the large sum of money which would
have been necessary for him to go to azhool like the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology. Gold said that another report was concerned
with his efforts to obtain infonnation on the amylo process which was
used in the manufacture of amyi alcohol. This process was known to
Dr. Gustav Reich of the Pennsylvania Sugar Company. Gold said he had
been unable to obtain this process for the Soviets. Other reports
dealt with lanolin, the Clayton Process, which was a continuous soap
making process, and information on carbon dioxide recovery. These
were all keing prepared by Gold for the Soviets. He stated that
additional reports he was preparing for the Soviets concerned the
identification of periodicals in the Philadelphia Public Library
which dealt with Army and Navy matters. Gold stated that the purpose
of this was not only for the information and possible subscription
by the Soviets but in order to locate Army men and Naval architects
who might be used in legitimate transactions. 5-57449-396! ~
On June 15, 1950, Gold was questioned concerning a rough
draft report located in the search of his residence, a paragraph
of which was captioned "C B" and which reported that Gold was making
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pretext calls to "B's" apartment. Gold advised that he believed
this referred to a legitimate espionage assignment which he further
believed was given to him by "Fred." Gold said that from reading
the paragraph he was of the opinion that his assignment was merely
to establish the residence of an individual whose initials were
"C.B." at a certain address and report that to "Fred." Gold said
he could not recall the initials "C.B." but believed that possibly
"C.B." might have been connected with Trotskyites. He said that
his opinion that this assignment dealt with Trotskyites was based
on the fact that the following paragraph in this report dealt with Gold's
unsuccessful efforts to locate a man whom he had previously heard
speaking in favor of Trotskyism. Gold said that on one occasion
"Fred" told him to submit any names of individuals in his circle
of acquaintances who mght lean toward the Trotskyite movement.
es-57449-419! ~»~"
On June 17, 1950, further reports obtained in the search
of Golds residence were discussed with Gold. One of these reports
identified ~c.s." as Carl Buchman. 5-57449-430! »»
There is a possibility that Carl Bushman, mentioned above,
may be identical with Carl Buchman, 284 West End Avenue, New York,
brother of Alexander Hassler Buchman, an alleged Trotskyite and
subject of a report by Special Agent Philip J. Reilly, Los Angeles,
dated nay s, 1950. cs-57449-52¢!-'
On July lé, 1950, Harry Gold advised that he had never seen
Carl Bushman and hence would not he able to identify a photograph
of him. es-57449-572!.»
On June 17, 1950, Harry Gold viewed a photograph of Gaik
Ovakimian and he stated that it was possible that Ovakimian could be
"Fred He said, however, that "Fred's" face was much fuller and that
if Ovakimians eyes were not dark, he could not be "Fred." he said,
however, that there was a possibility Ovakimian could be "Fred."
es-57449-430! W.
In December 1950 Gold was reinterviewed concerning "Fred"
and at this time he eliminated Gaik B. Qvakimian as a suspect.
5-59199-8! ,
O O__
41
- ;
E. Semen Markoyich Semenov, was,, "Sam" j Superior, 1938154
In his signed statement dated May 22, 1950, Gold declared that
he met his contact "Sam" near the end of 1940. Gold stated he believes
"Sam" was a Russian, although he did not have e Russian accent. He
said that he met "Sam" almost invariably in New York City on street
corners, although on rare occasions "Sam" traveled to Philadelphia to
see Gold.
Gold continued that shortly after he met "Sam," the latter
told him that there was not much purpose in continuing the type of
work intelligence! which Gold was doing, and that the best thing
Gold could do would be to forget about it. Gold declared that there
was a period of inactivity then from late 1940 until the Fall of
1941, after Russia was attacked by Gennany. Pursuant to a telephone
call from "Sam" sometime in the Fall of 1941, Gold met him and was
told that it was necessary to begin an intensive campaign for
obtaining information for the Soviet Union. Gold stated further in
his signed statement that subsequent to this conversation, he made
approxhnately a half dozen tips to the cities of Syracuse, Rochester,
and Buffalo, all in New York, acting as a gobetween for "Sam." It
is to be noted, as set out elsewhere in this memorandum, that Gold
subsequently retracted his story of caving contacted three unknown
Americans in the upstate New Yerk area, and new states that, in fact,
his only contact in that area was Alfred Dean Slack, whose association
with Gold is described elsewhere in this memorandum.
Gold has also advised that sometime in 1942, he mentioned
something about Abraham Brothman to "Sam" informing the latter that
Brothman desired to obtain consultant work with the Soviet Union.
At this tine, according to Gold, "Sam" laughed and mentioned that
Russia had consultant engineers and did not need the services of
Erothman. Gold has recalled that he was told by both "Sam and "John"
to forget about Brothman. {Philadelphia teletype 5-27-50!
In the very earlv part of 1944, Gold was informed by "Sam"
that he was to undertake an extremely important assignent. Gold
was cautioned not to speak to anyone about it, and "Sam" then gave
him the details of an arrangement whereby he met Klaus Fuchs in
New York City. Gold has declared that "Sam" did not elaborate on the
details of tdis assignment but did stress its great importance.
Gold's signed statement 5-22-50!
Gold furnished to interviewing agents a physical description
of "San," and numerous photographs of all individuals whose respective
backgrounds were similar to those of "Sam" were exhibited to Gold.
A.§ I
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During the interview on May 28, 1950, when a photograph of Semen
Markovich Semenov was displayed to him,Gold remarked that he "would
hang Sam on his picture." Philadelphia teletype 5-28-50!
On June 1, 1950, Gold definitely identified e photograph
of Semenov as identical with "Sam." Philadelphia teletype 6-l~5O!
On movie film la]
D
943! and 116
1 identical "Sam." Gold declared this was a positive
identification. Philadelphia teletype 6-3-so!
On interview June 6, 1950, Gold stated that his next Russian
contact after "Fred" was actually "Sam" and not Jacob Golos whom Gold
then admitted he had never met. Further, that he had in fact been
contacted by "Sam" under the same circumstances as he originally claimed
he met Golos. Gold also recalled that in late 1942 or early 1943, when
he was having considerable difficulty handling Abraham Brothmen and
mentioned his troubles in this regard to "Sam," the latter suggested
that he personally give Brothman a pep talk. The details of "Sam's "
subsequent meeting with Brothman are set out in this memorandum
under the caption, "Abraham Brothman, at al." Philadelphia teletype 6-6-50!
Gold has also declared that "Sam" was responsible for his
attempts to reactivate Benjamin Smilg as a source of information for
the Russians. The details of this phase of "Sam's" activities are
set out in this memorandum under the caption, "Benjamin Smilg."
Philadelphia teletype 6-6-50!
Gold has stated that he believes "Sam" had mentioned to him
that he had visited the offices of the Sun Oil Company, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. Records o£~the Sun Oil Company, Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania,
reflect that on Nay 15, 1942, one Semenov, shown as a representative
of Antorg, was authorized to visit Plant No. 10 of the Sun Oil Company
in the company of three other representatives of the USSR and
two representatives of the E. P. Badger Company. The records reflecting
the above information were not maintained in such a manner as to
establish definitely that Semenov visited the above-described plant.
Philadelphia teletype 6-2-50!
Investigation disclosed that authorization for such a visit
would have been made by the 3rd Service Gommaniand a large qnantity
of the records maintained by the 3rd Service Command containing
information pertaining to clearance to visit industrial facilities
have been destroyed. Kansas City teletype 6-7-50!
5':
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On June 24, 1950, Harry Gold identified a folder found in
his residence, labeled "Miscellaneous" as cont-aim'.ng an article
entitled "Houdry Process dated April 5, 1941. Gold said that this
article, which concerned petroleum production, was written for delivery
to "Sam" and was based on information obtained in the Public Library.
Gold said that it was possible that he may never have delivered this
report to "Sam" as this was about the time that "Sam" discontinued
contacting Gold until late in 1941. 5-57449-496! e~
On June 26, 1950, Gold advised that "Sam" had been at Ben
Marden's "lviera," a cafe close to the George Washington Bridge
Fort Lee, New Jersey!. Gold said that incident occurred in late
1942 or early 1943- He said that "Sam" told him that the Manager
of the "Riviera" had stated that he would do anything to help
the Soviet Union because the Soviets were actually fighting anti-
Sendtism. Gold said that it was his imPression that the Manager's
assistance was to be of a monetary nature. 5-57449-537! ,_
Investigation at Fort Lee, New Jersey, disclosed that the
"Riviera" night club had been operated by, and presumably owned by,
Ben Harden prior to 1942, at which time it closed until its reopening
in 1946 under new management. It was ascertained that Joe Silvers,
Sam Salvin and Jack W. A1-kin all performed in supervisory capacities
in the "Riviera" in 1942 and anyone of them could be regarded as a
manager since they were next in line to Marden. Silvers is known
to have conmitted suicide and Salvin and Arkin, who have not associated
with the "Riviera" since its closing in 1942, are presently residing
in New York City. 5~57449-512!
The New York files do not reflect any security information
concerning Silvers, Salvin and Arkirx, however, all three of these
individuals are prominently mentioned in the For Dressing Investigation
of 1939, as gamblers associated with I2-Larden in his various enterprises.
es-57449-sea! ~"
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Records of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology reflect
Semen Merck Semionov enrolled in that institution on September 19, 193
and was graduated in June, 1940. His application" reflects that he
was born on March 1, 1911, in Odessa, Russia, was a citizen of the
USSR, and was then employed by the Amtorg Trading Corporation,
New York City. His application reflected further that he was
graduated from the Moscow Textile Institute in 1936 with a degree
in engineering and also had graduate studies there in 1936 and
1937. Boston teletype 6-7-50!
Investigation of the activities of Semenov was instituted
by this Bureau in 1941 after he arrived in the United States as an
official representative of the Amtorg Trading Corporation. He was
notified to the United States Department of State as a foreign
official on February 24, 1941. [On the notification £orm, his birth
date was shown as March 1, 193.1, in Odessa, Russia, and it was
reflected that he had previously entered the United States on
January 19, 1938, under an American visa, issued by the American
Embassy in Moscow. He listed his home address as 805 St. Mark's '
A B kl N Y k 1-53s1~331 t 3- 100-4708 1!» venue, roo yn, ew or ._!u. M_>13aI m» ha 'u__%-Pain
Confidential Informant ' Mactive informant of the New YoI1:
advised on Augxst 16, 1940, that one Semenov was e ead oi the
Electrical Department of the Amtorg Trading Corporation and wasone oi the most active GPU agents in the United Stateg K K!
00-2-1623! -~
An anonymous letter addressed to this Bureau under date of
August '7, 1943, advised that Semen Semenov was one of the close
associates of Vassili M. Zubilin, former Second Secretary of the
Soviet Embassy in Wa.shing,'-ton, D. 6., and reportedly the head of t
nxvn in the United States. 0o-47o83-5;1o0-203581-532!~he
It was reported in 1941 that Semenov had replaced B. Li.
Chubin as a Vice President of Antorg in July, 1941.
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Mr. John Pritchard, chief Engineer for E. P. Badger and Sons
Company, advised that under Lend-Lease ,.Progra.m that firm was supervising
a training program for Russian engineers, and that the Soviet Government
Purchasing commission was headed by Semenov. Mr. Pritchard declared
that under this program the Russian engineers received approximately
two weeks training in the New York office of the company or in the
Ammrg office in New York, and thereafter, visited various petroleum
facilities in the United states. 00-47083-5!
on March 2, 194.4, while under surveillance by Bureau Agents,
semenov was observed to make a surreptitious contact with Gregori M.Kheifets, Vice Consul of the U,s,s.R. consulate in San F1-ancisco.® ;|!
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$1 B76n June, 1948, Confidential Informant * ;5i n active informant oi the San Francisco Divisionadvised that contacted by Semenov in the early part bqcboi 1941+ at which time Semenov *w approach Iietropolitan
Theophilus of the Holy Trinity urch or e purpose oi securing
a letter oi recommendation for a young Russian engineer. refused to comply with semenows request. Informant
sai la. the letter of recommendation was to be used to place this
Russian engineer on a project under the pervision of ProfessorLawrence at the University of California? It is to be noted thatProfessor Lawrence is a. well known atomic scientist. m Lu!
00-470o3l8!
This sam formant advised in June, 1948, that he was '6 7 Qagain contacted byigegenov ' d lovember, 19¢/7. The informantadvised that Senenov came informed Q he was D
back in the United States with the United Nations, an requested that
reconsider the requestrpreviously made by semenov.
Informant was unable to supply the name which Semenov was allegedly
I" Y en Old usiné in his Lnited nations émploym- ug= - .!
Eric L. Pridonofi", 708 v»est*ninis ce1" Street, Alhambre,
California, was interviewed by Bureau Agents on February l, 3.949,
and advised that between 1943 and l9£.5 he was employed by the Aerojet
Engineering Company, Pasadena, California. He identified a photograph
oi Semenov as an individual whom he knew to have been in the United
states in January, 1944, for the purpose of purchasing oil refining
equipment for the soviet Union. Vfnile in I-Zen York City on business
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for his employer,'Pridonoff related that he received a telephone call
from Semenov, who said he understood Pridonoff was an engineer and that
he was of Russian descent. Pridonoff professed to be uable to explain
how Semsnov knew he was in New York or how Semenov even knew his
identity. Pridonoff met with Semenov and after a discussion of
engineering matters, Semenov asked Pridonoff several days later to
act as a "consulting engineer" for him and asked him to do some research
work on the type of fuel to be used in jet propulsion engines. According
to Pridonoff, he was offered $5,000 by Semenov to undertake this
assignent. According to Pridonoff, this proposition was obviously
an attempt to secure information from him since no research work
would be involved and he told Semenov he could not udertake the task
because the information was secret. On his suggestion to Semenov
that the latter might secure the desired information through the usual
liaison channels with the Army and Navy, Semenov replied that there
was too much red tape involved. lOO~47083~24!
Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service reflect
that Semenov departed from the United States on Eeptember 26, 1944, at
Ka1ama,'Nashington. There is no indication that he has re~entered this
country since that time. New York teletype G-2-50!
Information was received on April l9, 1949, indicating that
Semenov was then in Paris, France, as.a commercial representative of
Sovexportfilm. He held Passport de Service No. 26931. This
' P @~ v T d ' th B1 b P fd ta1 Inf rmant HlOTm»blOH sas supp me to e zreau y Jon 1 en i o ta reliable and active informant of the Nev
ork Division . TFO letter 4-l949, captioned e al
NY teletype 68~5O! Espioxege F!;!
The State Department advised that in July, 1948, Semen K.
Senenov was attached to the USSR Diplomatic Mission, Paris, France.The State Departnentmhaggno further rT2p;i3f:?ma;i2n;°§l§?4703336!'
A stop notice on Senenov has been placed with the Central
Office of the Immigration and Naturalization Service in order that the
Bureau may be advised of any reentry of Semenov into the United States.
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A I .5-,1-4 --'-£."7.v11.;e"~'' ""*'*n-i»¢ieseibnét*nba+e; -in '"é5nséét1'sn= with Steve 8wa.rt_z," Harry Gold
advised that on one occasion in late 19100, he had been contacted in Buffalo,
Iew York, hy an unknown Russian who was substituting for Semen Benenov. Gold
has advised further that the initial description he had given or Steve Swartz"
was actually the description of the unknownusian he net in Buffalo. This
description, it will he recalled, resembles that oi Joseph Kata, known Soviet
agent. In tact, Gold had already positively identified thepotograph of Kat:
as being hat or "Starts," prior to the tine that he advised that the description
applied h the unknown Russian rather than "S92rartz."
It is to be noted that Gold claims only to have net the unknown
Russian in Buffalo on one occasion for approximately twenty to thirty minutes,
during which time they walked around the streets. lever-theless, the description
Gold now attributes to the unknown Russian includes such details as poor health,
probably had stonach trouble, and always appeared unkempt.
On August 7, 195°, Gold siwised that he wished to correct some mis-
information he had given concerning the person he had reportedly net in Buffalo,
new York, when he had identified as Joseph Kati. he stated that he never net
Kat: in Buftalo as he previously had said. On the contrary, he stated that he
met Katz upon instructions from Fred, who called Gold in Cincinnati, and asked
him to cone to low York City. Gold said he went to Iew York City to the Hotel
New Yorker, where he was approached in the lobby by Joseph Kata. Kat: said that
Fred had sent him to meet Gold. Katz apparently had been given a good description
of Gold, who stated he had no recollection of a password or any knowledge that
he would not meet "Fred" at the hotel. Gold said that he registered at the Hotel
New Yorker under his own none. This meeting occurred in late April or early Hay
of 19110. According to Gold, Kat: was interested in Gold's plans for the future
and in Gold's contacts with Benjamin Snilg. Gold told Kat: that he was returning
to Philadelphia. and could not stay in Cincinnati. Kat: was disappointed but
offered no assistance in securing work for Gold in Cincinnati, Ohio. On this
occasion, Kat: gave Gold about $100 to $150 for completion of the latter's
schooling at Xavier University. Gold said that his reason for not placing Kat:
in the iqggl liew Yorker where he actually met him when first identifying Kat:
to the interviewing agents, was s. deliberate falsehood to cover up his receiving
money from the Soviets. Gold said that this was his only meeting with Kata.
5-svhhs-6#¥!.
A On August l7, 1950, Gold positively identified a 19101 photograph
of Katz as being the individual he net in the ew Yorker Hotel lohhy in 19110.
dew York teletype Aug. 17, 1950,
entitled "Joseph Kata, was , Espionage-R"!
Joseph Kata, who was one of Elizabeth T. Bentley's espionage
superiors, is the subject of an extensive separate investigatio .
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Although in hie signed statement dated May 22, 1950, Gold
declared that he engaged in no espionage activity from the early
Summer of l938 to Jy, 1940, when he originally claimed he met
Jacob Golos, he admitted when interviewed June I, 1950, that shortly
after he arrived in Cincinnati to ecsme hie studies at Xavier Univer-
sity, he was residing with Hrs. Alye Brooks on Glendale street. On
Thanksgiving morning, 1958, he received e telephone call from "Fred"
who told Gold to meet him immediately in the downtown section of
Cincinnati. Gold appeared at the designated time and place and "Fred"
instructed him to establish contact with s man named Ben Bmilg. FRED
merely said that Smilg lived in Dayton, Ohio, and was e high government
official. Fred gave Gold e amall gift, the nature oi which Gold
cannot remember, to give to Smilg when fold contacted him, and it was
intimated to Gold. that Smilg would have information for Gold. "Fred"
supplied a password to use on meeting smilg and Gold recalls it as
your old school mats Stan sends you his regards."
Gold was instructed by "Fred" to go to Dayton immediately
to meet Smilg but, unknown to "Fred," Gold went to Dayton about two
days later and called on smilg at his home. Gold declared that on
this occasion he met 3mi1g's father and mother and that 3m.1lg,&d.mitt6d
him to his home rather reluctantly and treated him in a cool and "nary
manner throughout the evening. Gold has the impression that Smilg
had a brother whose name was Dave and who was employed by the lhtional
Cash Register Company in Dayton. Gold learned from Smilg the letter
was employed as en aeronautical engineer at Wright Field at Dayton,
and when $mi.lg was driving Gold to the trolley stop, Gold, who had
used his correct name when being introduced at the Smilg home,
furnished Smilg with his Philadelphia address and told Smilg to contact
him there if he happened to be in the Est.
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PuIsua.n'b, to arrangement, Gold met "Fred" in Liiddletown,
Ohio, two weeks later and said he wanted to know if Smilg gave Gold
anything. Gold reported to him that there must be some mistake because
oi the manner in which Smilg acted. Gold has stated that he and "Fred"
argued about the matter and finally "Fred" threatened to writ eIa letter
to Xavier University reporting that Gold had been a Communist. Gold
continued that following this occasion, he made approximately two visits
in 1939, and two in 19./.0, to see Smilg in Day-ton prior to the time Gold
was graduated from Xavier University. After each oi these visits,
Gold became more certain that some mistake had been made because Smilg
was obviously trying to keep from meeting him and when Gold would so
report to "Fred" the latter would insist that Gold go back and see Smilg
again.
Gold further related that in the latter part of 1940, or
possibly in early 1941, his Russian contact "Sam" Semenov! mentioned
Smilg to him and instructed Gold to go to Dayton and contact Smilg after
which Gold was supposed to meet "Sam" in Cincinnati. Gold claimed that
he is not sure that he, in fact, did see Srrdlg as he was instructed to
do but he did report subsequently to "Sam" in Cincinnati that Snilg was
still not receptive, at which time "Sam" said "we will have to warm him
up" and give him "a little reminder." In late January or early February,
1941, "Sam" gave Gold three or four photostats of receipts for sums
ranging from 11540.00 to $200.00, all oi them being dated in 1936 or 1937,
such receipts evidencing the receipt of a specified sum of money for a
specific period 0: time and each was signed by Ben Smilg. At the same
time , "Sam" gave Gold photostats of two pages which appeared to deal
with aeronautical desigga and contained description oi mathezzlatical equations.
Gold received the im ression that these mig-1t have been class notes. "Sam"instructed Gold merely to furnish the receipts to Smilg.
Gold immediately thereafter went to Dayton and exhibited the
photostats to Srrilg in the livirgrcsn on the latter's residence. According
to Gold, Smilg tumed white and asked Gold if he knew what he was doing
and Gold replied that "this is just e. reminder, you seem to have forgotten
about Stan." Ehnilg told Gold that the photostats were receipts for
instructing Stan in the I-"Fassachusetts Institute of Technology. Gold
informed interviewing agents that he had previously learned that Smilg
had attended I»'Z[T and that Stan was a fellow student when Smilg tutored there.
2 56
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Smilg then told Gold be did not know that a mesa something like this
could cause, and told Gold to get out of the house and ldi that fromthe very first time Gold visited him he wanted to report eld but did
not because of the terrible mess it would cause. Gold left the 5mi1S
residence and pursuant to previous instructions from "Sam" he burned
the photcstats. _
- Approximately a week later, Gold reported to Sam during th
How York meeting that had transpired between himself and Smilg and ame
told Gold not to worry in that they'Iou1d give 3nilg n liifle time $0
think it over. 8am also nmaarked, according to Gold, the sums re-
ferred by the receipts Iere too large in amount for tutoring, and
furthenmore, Stan could tutor Ben in mathematics. In.April, 1941,
"Sam" told Gold that apparently a mistake bad bee made in connection
with the Smilg matter-
It is to be noted that "Sam" is identical with Semen Harkovich
Semenov, a Russian national who, in fact, did attend the Massachusetts
Institute er Technology. Philadelphia teletype dated June 7, 1950!
An Atomic Energy Actqapplicant investigation of Benjamin Smilg
was conducted by this Bureau and disclosed that he was born on June ll,
1913, at Boston, Massachusetts, the son of Harry and Rsbecca Smilg, both
of whom were born in Russia. In his PSQ Smilg indicated that from 1931
to 1935 e had been a part-time tutor of miscellaneous students at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Investigation disclosed that Smilg
has been employed as an aeronautical engineer at the Wright-Patterson
Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, from August 10, 1936, to the present time,
except for the period from February l9, 1942, to October 25, 1946, when
he was on furlough fro military service. He served as a Lieutenant
Colonel in the United States Army and the Base Provost Marshal's Office at
the above base cleared him for access to secret and confidential material»
Smilg's co-workers described him as an extremely capable, industrious,
honest and reputable individual who has no sympathies with foreign ideologies.
llothing whatsoever of a derogatory nature concerning Smilg, during the
course of the investigation, was ascertained. 16-163359-3, 4!
Bureau files contain no additional identifiable references to
Benjamin Smilge
0 June 19, l950, Benjamin milg was interviewed and he identified
a photograph of Harry Gold as an individual who first contacted him at his
residence, 307 Oxford Avenue, Dayton, Ohio, in the Fall of 1938. Smilg was
vague as to the exact date of this and subsequent contacts with Gold, but
he expressed the belief that all contacts were made while Gold was a student
251 '
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at Xavier University. Bmilg stated that the first contact by Gold was
purely social and on the basis of mutual acquaintance with Stan, whom
he identified as Stanislaus Shumonsky Shunovsky!, a formr fellow
student at th Massachusetts Institute of Technology. On this contact,
Gold advised Snilg that he was s student at Xavier University and he
furnished Bmilg with his Cincinnati address. Smilg recalled that Gold
encouraged him to visit Gold. -
Smilg advised that his second Oontact with Gold occurred about
two months later, probably in the early part of 1939. This was again at
the Smilg residence, and again was social in nature,'with the exception
that on this occasion Gold made inquiry of Smilg as to the nature of his
work at Wright Field. smilg stated that he did not divulge this inform-
ation to Gold. He believed it took place while driving Gold to the railroad
depot in Dayton, Ohio.
Smilg's third contact with Gold occurred two or three months
after the second meeting, probably in the late Spring of 1939. On this
occasion Gold told Smilg that he was interested in securing general in-
formation on aircraft and he solicited 3milg's cooperation in furnishing
such information. Smilg stated that when he told Gold that Gold had no
business receiving such information Gold still insisted. Smilg, who was
vague as to the exact date, stated that Gold attmpted to convert him by
arguing generally that the Russians were fighting our war, that it was due
to shortsightedness of our political leaders that we were not in the war,
and that therefore it was the duty of everyone to help Russia. Smilg
characterized Gold's talk as anti-Hitler rather than pro-Russian or
Communist. Smilg stated that he refused to cooperate and attempted to
talk Gold out of his objectives, pointing out to Gold that if he were
exposed it would reflect adversely on the Jewish people. Smilg said that
at the time he merely considered Gold an overzealous, enthusiastio,"pink"
student. He recalled that this conversation took place while he was
again driving Gold to the railroad depot.
Smilg advised that the fourth, and to th beet of his recol-
lection, last contact with Gold was about three months after the third
meeting. On this occasion Gold ezibited to Smilg a photostat of what
appeared to be a receipt to Shumowsky, written on a piece of paper bearing
Smilg's signature. He said he recognized this receipt as being one
previously given Shumowsky in payment for tutoring while at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology. Smilg could not recall the date of the receipt, but
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stated that it must have been not later than 1935, the year he left
to Messachusetts Institute of Technology, as he never received any
money from Shuewsky after that time. so stated he tutored Sbumowsky
from 1931 to 1935 and received a total of approximately two thousand
dollars in payment therefor. He said payments were in average amounts
of one hudrcd dollars or more. He stated that Shumowsky was sponsored
at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology by the Russian Government
and also was connected with Amtcrg, and he therefore demanded receipts
to justify expenses. After being shown the receipt, Smilg stated, he
then realized for the first time that Gold was a Russian agent as he
assued that Gold secured this receipt frn Russia or through Amtcrg
for the purpose of exerting pressure on him to gain his cooperation.
Smilg stated he still refused and has bed no contact with Gold since
that e .
Smilg advised that he did not report Gold's contacts with him
to the authorities as he was fearful of his job, and furthermore, because
he had not cooperated with Gold. He denied receiving any gift or offer
of money from Gold. He also denied that he ever drove Gold to Cincinnati.
He stated he disliked Gold as an individual from the first contact.
with respect to Stanislaus shumonsky, Smilg advised that during
1955 and 1936, while he was employed by the E. G. Budd Company; Phila-
delphia, Pennsylvania, he was contacted twice on a social basis by
Shuewsky. so also stated he was again visited by Shuowsky at Wright
Field in the latter part of 1942, at which time Shumowsky was a Colonel
in the Russian Army, attached to the Russian Purchasing Commission,
Ihyton, Ohio. He said that he saw Shumowsky on several occasions and
entertained him in his hem until $humowsky left Dayton in the early part
of 1945- He recalled that on one occasion he told Shumoweky about Gold
contacting him and Shucwsky did not seem surprised and merely laughed
off the incident.- Smilg stated he never considered Shwmuwsky to be an
espionage agent, but now believes that his nsme was furnished to Gold or
to contacts of Gold because of his close friendly relationship with
Shumcwsky. He denied ever furnishing information to Shumcwsky, Gold, or
an other person. Cincinnati teletype s/19/to!
Stanislaus Anton Shumovsky has been named by an admitted Soviet
espionage agent as the person who first recruited him in about the latter
pert of 1935. Shumovsky reportedly was born on May 9, 1902, at Karkov;
Russia. He entered the United States as an alien student on September 27,
1931, and enrolled at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He
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received his BS Degree in Aeronautical Engineering on June 5, 1934.
He reregistered as a graduate student in that year, but withdrew from
the school March 9, 1935. He reentered later, however, and received
his MS Degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology on June 9, 1936. It has been noted that his
academic record reflects that in those courses in aeronautical engin-
eering in which mathematics was e prime requisite, Shumovsky was a fair
or a poor student. After several extensions of stay Shumnveky departed
from the United States on January 14, 1939. He reentered the United
States in January, 1942, and it appears that he assumed duties at Dayton,
Ohio, as a representative of the Soviet Government Purchasing Commission.
He reportedly left Dayton, Ohio, for Moscow, Russia, in March, 1943.
5-2954!
by letter dated July 20, 1950, the infonnation furnished by
Harry Gold concerning Smilg and the results of the interview of Smilg
were made available to the Atomic Energy Commission and the United
States Air Force. With respect to Smi1g'e explanation that Gold had
attempted to convert him by stating that the Russians were fighting our
war, and that it was the duty of everyone to help Russia since it was due
to shortsightedness of our leaders that we were not in the war, it will be
noted that the non-aggression pact bet-ween Germany and Russia was in force
between August, 1939, to June 22, 1941. The argument that Russia was
fighting our war would only apply, therefore, during the period from June
22 to December 7, 1941. In this regard Gold has stated that his last
contact with Smilg was in late January or early February, 1941, and
Smilg himself had stated that he believed all oi his contacts with G-old
occurred while Gold was at Xavier University, which was until about
June, 1940.
In the light of the information in the above paragraph, Harry
Gold was again interviewed on July 19, 1950, and at that time stated his
last contact with Smilg was definitely late January or early February,1940- He said that he did not use the argument with Smilg that Russia.
was "fighting our war" and recalls that the only war he talked to Smilg
about was the Finnish-Russian war and that several times Smilg had joked
with him about the way the Russian army had bogged down in the snow.
Gold further recalled that several times he made excuses for Russian set-
backs in the Fimxish-Russian war, but that he never used this war as an
arguing point with Smilg. In this connection it will be noted that Gold
has admitted using such an argument with Alfred Dean Slack. Philadelphia
teletype July 19, 1950.!
_ 92
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By letter um July 2'2, 1950, the Ltolic mug Gosmiesion
advised that Smiig had been granted a "Q" clearance on February 16,
1950, but that on the basis of the intonation in the Bureau letter
of July 20, 1950, mentioned above, 8:11.13: "Q" clearance use suspended
Jul; 24, 1950, P0ndi.ng clarication of the information. The Atomic
Energy Gomdssion letter further stated that eppopriate military
authorities were being contacted with the request that Snilg not be
permitted to have any further access to restricted data or other
classified into:-notion pertaining to the atomic energ yr-ogre: untilthis matter is resolved.
L-
By Bureau letter dated July 31, 1950, e toll eld loyalty
investigation of Benjamin Snilg wee instituted.
Ch August 21,, 1950, Harry Qold was interviewed further concern-
ing his dealings with Benjamin M113. Gold stated that his rst meeting
with Smilg was as he had lrevionsly described. He added, however, that
on this occasion he gave &d.1g a leather wallet. He recalled that &:ilge
father {raised the quality oi the leather in this wallet. A second
meeting with ailg was attempted in early Febmsry 1939, but Sidlg was
not home. Gold said he telephoned the Snilg residence while in Dqton
and was advised that Benjamin, ilg was not hone. The third meeting
happened in Harsh 1939, and Gold believes on this occasion he met a
"beefy," Jewish male, who was an amateur ham radio operator. This
occurred at the Snilg hone. He stated that he, Snilg and this other
individual attended e lecturer given by Ludwig Lewieohn, e proninent
Zionist. After this lecturer they went to the outskirts of Dayton, Ohio,
and had hamburgers and "mslteds."
Gold believed that he had one meeting with $1115 in the summer
ot 1939, and was also of the opinion that he sew Smlg shortly prior
Christmas vacation in 1939. He said that at that time Sndlg spoke of s
planned trip to the East, either Boston or New York City. Gold was of
the opinion that a short, tat Jewish aeronautical engineer, with e degree
it-om New Io:-k University and who was also employed at Wright Field, was
at the Smilg home this tine. Gold said he node denite overtures to
Snilg but was rebuffed.
Gold stated that he had 3 sixth meeting with S111; in the
spring or 19/*0, possibly larch. This time Smilg told Gold of an automobile
accident that Smilg had when he made his trip East. Gold was of the
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opinion that the accident was serious and'had happened in Ohio or
Pennsylvania. At this meeting he asked Smilg point blank to assist the
Soviet Union and was again rebuffed. Gold said that he showed Smilg a
letter which he had received from "Fred" for the purpose of showing
to Smilg, and which was purportedly from "Stan." He expressed the
belief that Smilg kept this letter and destroyed it. Gold said he
then wrote a letter to "Fred" in New York advising that he had no luck
with Smilg. He said that he wrote that he was "unable to sell the car
along with other little personal things which indcated to Fred that
Smilg was uncooperative. Gold was unable to recall the address and name
to which he directed the letter for Fred and believed the address was in
Brooklyn, New York. Gold's next meeting with Smilg occurred after
examinations in June 1940. Gold had received specific directions from
Joseph Kata at the Hotel New Yorker to get Smilg to cooperate. Gold told
Smilg meetings could be arranged at his convenience any time or any place.
He said he also gave an offer of financial help and that there was also
some talk of sending Smilg's brother to college. Smilg, however, was
still uncooperative.
At the direction of Semenov, Gold had two meetings with
Smilg in late January and early February 1941. The details of these meetings
at which the phctostatic copies of receipts were shown to Smilg remained
the same as first related by Gold. Gold definitely stated that one of
the receipts was dated in 1934 and one in 1935. He said that there was
possibly one dated in 1936. He said there were three or four receipts in
number. '
On the occasion of this interview Gold identified a photograph
of Benjamin Smilg as being the Smilg he contacted in Dayton, Ohio. He was
unable to identiy the photograph of Stanislaus Shumovsky but said that he
had seen a photograph of Shunovsky before. 5-57449-657! ,
During further interviews with Gold in November, 1950, he furnished
some additional information concerning Smilg, recounting a total of thirteen
meetings. The additional pertinent information was that he had presented
Smilg with two letters from "Stan the first of which was a letter of intro-
duction and was delivered to Smilg on the occasion of their first mating on
Thanksgiving Day, 1938. The other letter, according to Gold, was delivered
to Smilg in March or April, l9hO. Gold stated that he reed this letter, which
was from "Stan," and that it was in s friendly tone, and in effect requested
Smilg to give Gold information as he bed previously given it to "Stan"
Stanislaus Shumovsky!.
- 255A
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Gold further stated that in April, i939, his Soviet superior
"Fred" told him to talk to Smilg about "Stan" inasmuch as Smilg owed a
greet debt of gratitude to "Stan." Gold said that in early June, 19ho,
he definitely propositioned Smilg, telling him that if it had not been
for the USSR Smilg would not have completed his schooling at MET.
In January, 19h1, according to Gold, Semen Semenov told Gold
that "Stan" had given numerous gifts to Smilg and had even paid medical
or hotel expenses for Smilgs father in Boston. Gold specifically recalled
that Semenov had stated that if it had not been for "Stan" Smilg would be
a janitor in a department store.
Of interest in connection with the statements of Gold indicating
that the Russians may have subsidized Smilg's education, Smilgs father,
Harry Smilg, stated on interview that he had paid his son's tuition at MIT
for the first year and that thereafter Ben Smilg vent through MIT on
scholarships and loans. He stated his son had tutored several students while
at MET, one of whom was Stanislaus Shumovsky, but he did not know how much
money Shumovsky paid for tutoring. Harry Smilg also advised that after his
son began tutoring he paid some money toward the expenses of the Smilg
household. He denied that either he or his sons had received money from
Shumovsky to pay hospital or medical expenses. ll6-163359-66 and 68!
On January l6, 1951, Harry Gold advised he now felt quite certain
that his Soviet superiors had made certain references to Smilgs former
involvement in Soviet espionage. Gold advised that shortly after his first
visit with Smilg in 1938 he believes that his superior "Fred" commented that
Smilg had given things to the Soviets in the pest. Gold believed that this
comment was made by "Fred" to reassure Gold, who had not been successful with
Smilg, that Smilg was merely being cautious insofar as this was their first
meeting. .
Gold said that his belief that Smilg had for sometime been associated
in espionage was further substantiated at the time he was designated to make
the contact with Smilg. He explained that in 1938 he was having difficulties
with "Fred" principally because he, Gold, was anxious to enter e university and
secure his baccalaureate degree and because he had not been too productive for
some four or five months. In August, 1938, in a meeting with "Fred," the latter
told him that"al1 was forgiven," and that he was to proceed to Cincinnati
where he would enter a university and be put in contact with "s very important
government official." Gold said that st no time was there any indication that
this individual was to be recruited.
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Gold further advised on this occasion that in either late l9hO
or early l9hl his then superior, Semenov, had also commented about Smilg's
prior cooperation with Stanislaus Shumovsky. Gold, however, could not re-
call the specific comment of Semenov, nor the circustences surounding
sem.
A separate espionage investigation is presently being conducted
on Smilg; during which time the Loyalty of Government Employee case is bei
held.in ebeyance. All efforts are being made to determine whether Smilg's
education was, in fact, financed by the Soviets, in view of the recent in-
formetion from Gold.
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H. Alfred Dean _Sleok -, Source, 1,2150-l9_4_;,3;
During the interview with Harry Gold on May 26, 1950, he
related that during the period from late 1941 later changed to 1940!
to the Winter of 1945, he had espionage meetings with four individuals
in ugatate New York, specifically in the Cities Of Buffalo, Rochester,
and *yreeuse- He said that all four of these individuals appeared to
be Americans and, although he was vague on the physical characteristics
of these contacts, he furnished some descriptive data concerning them.
He aeid that one of these men, whom he met once in Buffalo and once in
Rochester in late 1941 and early 1942, was an employee of the Eastman
Kodak Company, Rochester, New York.
Photographs of numerous suspects were exhibited to Gold with-
out effecting an identification. However, during interview on June 4,
1950, Gold stated that three of the four alleged American contacts,
described in the foregoing paragraph, were non-existent people and were
simply figments of his imagination. Gold stated that he originally told
the story of meeting these individuals in order to avoid telling the
Agents about Al Slack, who he said was the individual who previously had
been desoribed as the employee of the Eastman Kodak Company and whom
Gold had implicated in espionage activities during interview on June l,
1950. He stated that when he did name Slack, he was ashamed to admit
that he had lied about the three other "contacts."
On June 1, 1950, Gold stated that the individual, who had
previously been described by him as an American employed at the Eastman
Kodak Company who was known to Gold as "h!e.rtin" and from whom Gold had
obtained infonnation, was actually an individual named Al Slack. He
stated that he had met filack over a period of years during 1942, 1943,
and 1944, and that he, Gold, was known to Slack as "1:brtin and that,
in fact, Slack never had been known to Gold as "Martin."
On June 1, 1950, and in subsequent interviews, Gold furnished
considerable information concerning his oontacts with Slack during the
Period 1941 to 1944. He related that he obtained from Slack information
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on processes dealing with kodachrume, including samples of chemicals,
and while Slack was employed at the Eolston Ordnance Works in Kingsport,
Tennessee, he obtained information from him on explosives.1
Slack was identified as a chemist employed at the Sundure
Paint Company, 619 West Fayette Street, Syracuse, New York. He was
placed under investigation and was subsequently' qmrehended, on e charge
of violating Section 3%, Title 50, U. S. Code.
In connection with contacts Gold had with Alfred Dean Slack at
Kingeport, Tennessee, investigation has located two registration cards at the
Kingsport Inn, Kingeport, Tennessee, Ho. 4206 dated September 30, l9k3, and
No. H807, dated October 23, 19b3, both in the name of Harry Gold. On June 27,
1950, the FBI Laboratory advised that these two registration cards were in the
known handwriting of subject Harry Gold.
Report of SA Robert E. Msrgison, dated
August 28, 1950, at Knoxville, Tennessee,
re Harry Gold!.
Detailed information relating to Slack and his espionage activities
is set forth in a separate brief which is being prepared.
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I. §breh5d_Bro§bman - Source, 1941
As indicated above, on Jbne 6, 1950, Harry Gold stated that he
did not Imam Jacob G01» and that his etatements to amt effect to
Bueau Agents in 1947, and in testimony before the Grand Jury in 1947,
were made at the insistence of Brothan inasmuch an the letter had
stated to Bureau Agents in May, 1947, that Gold was put in contact with
Brothman by Jeoob Golos. -
Considerable information relating to Brothmen has been set
forth in this brief and in interviews subsequent to June 6, 1950, Gold
has furnished considerable additional infonnetion oonoerning Brothan
and the association between them.
A separate brief is being prepared concerning Brothman and
the additional infonmation obtained from Gold is not being set forth
in this brief. His background activities and association with Gold
are discussed in detail in the brief pertaining to him.
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J. Anatoli ,Ant_onovioh Yekoylev, wa_."John" -Superior, l944_-1946 * ** ' " ii "i " ' '7 /*7. ' 7 '7" *7 7
Gold has f,92u-nished some data concerning "John" in addition to
those set out in his signed statement dated May 22, 1950, and £11089
appearing in this memorandum in the section dealing with the interview
of Gold on Hey 23, 1950.
Gold furnished a fairly complete physical description of "John,"
and said that this contact appeared to be of Georgian extraction and had
a distinctly European walk. It was Gold's impression that "John's" wife
was probably with him in the United States during the period Gold was in
contact with him. Philadelphia teletype dated 5/26/so!
During a subsequent interview Gold said he recalled that in 1944
"John" spoke of a daughter named Victoria, whom he called Vicki. It was
Gold's impression that this ohild bad been named after a grand Soviet
military victory, and it is Gold's belief that Victoria was born either at
the time the Germans were repulsed outside of Moscow, or at the time of
the Battle of Stalingrad. C-old said "John" may have had other ohildren,
possibly e boy older than Victoria. Philadelphia teletype 5/26/50!
In a later interview Gold stated that he reoalled that "John"
mentioned his daughter, Victoria, one time while they were walking on
Riverside Drive in New York City. Gold is of the impression that Victoria
was with her father in the United States at that time, which he estimated
to be either late 1944 or early 1945. Philadelphia teletype 5/27/50!
identical '
with "John
On June 2, 1950, Gold positively identified e. photograph of
Yakovlev as being identical with "John." Philadelphia teletype e/2/so!
w Two different photographs of Yakovlev which were obtained from
effect an identification .H.Clegg cable #501, dated 6/l/50! EDI-ignore exhibited to Julius Klaus Fuohe but he was unable to
Yakovlev entered the United States at San Pedro, California, on
February 4, 1941, and was assigned as a clerk at the Soviet Consulate,
New York City, from February 8, 1941, until December 27, 1946, when he
departed from the United States, destined for Paris, France. In June,
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1946, Yakovlev made.a trip to Moscow on a mission for Andrei Gromyko,
who was then soviet Ambassador to the United States, and upon
Yakcvlev-s retum, he was promoted to the position of Vice-Consul in
New York City. He was born on May 31., 1911, in Doreioglebsk, Russia. RY
teletype dated 6/g/50!
Records of the Deperiment of Health, King's County, New York,
reflect birth certificates No. 21884 and N0. 21885, recording the birth
cf Victoria and Pavel Yakovleff, twins, on June 25, 1941, in the Israel
Zion Hospital, Brooklyn, New York. The father was listed as Anetoli, born
in_Russia, age 30, employed as e. clerk in the Russian Consulate, and the
mother was listed as Anastasia Demin, also born in Russia. KY teletype
dated s/kl/to!
Bureau investigation of Yekcvlev was instituted in June, 1.946,
after it had been determined that he had been contacted by Ialter Carl
Neunson, a suspected NKVD Agent. In the light of Gold's identification
of Yakovlev as "John," authority has been requested to interview Neunsonconcerning, his knowledge of Yakovlev'a activities 13,0-346193! - ' b
Prhcse i entity should be protected has advised Bureau Agents D
at NKVD Agents were not known officially at the Consulate or Flnbassy;
he pointed out, however, that they would soon became known unofficially
to other personnel and would be shown great respect. He advised tint
these Agents would go out socially with the Consul General on many
occasions and that the NKVD Representative in a particular diplomatic
establishment would be the only person there having a personally owned
automobile. further pointed out that usually the NKV1! Resident
Agent in a particular diplomatic establishment would have the title of
Vice-Consul, and would usually keep irregular hours. Bureau investigation
of Yakovlev established that he fitted all of the characteristics of an
agent of the NKVD as enumerated by Ibid.! /"Qih > G.
Investigation also established that Yekovlev had infrequent and
unexplained contact with one Len Adomian, a music composer who resided at
55 West 72nd Street, New York City. Adomien is Russian born and c. natur-
alized llnited States citizen. The contacts between Yakovlev and Adcunian
appeared to be under suspicious circumstances and specific reasons for
their frequent and apparently clandestine meetings were never completelyestablished.®lOO-346195-ll, 18! ,-> .
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Photographs of snatoli A. Yakovlev and Lnn Adcmian were dis-
played to Whittaker Ghambers on Juno 16, 1950, without effecting an
identification. 00-546195~8l!
On Juno 2, 1950, Walter Carl Reunson was reintcrviewed. Eb
claimed that he first met Yakovlev at the Hotel Savoy, Moscow, Russia,
in 1950, at which time this acquaintance was very casual. He believed
Yskovlev was possibly mployed as a Russian.Lnny clerk at the tine.
Neunson was than employed by Zernotrust of Moscow and was attending an
interpreter'a school in Moscow.
Neunson advised that he next met Yakovlev sometime in 1936
and again in 1937 in Moscow. Neunson stated during those years Yakovlev
addressed at least two or possibly more semi-annual conferences of
technicians who attended the Engineering and Technical Institute in
Moscow. He recalled that Yekovlev92s addresses dealt with problems of
industrial production and were only partly political.
Neunson stated that he believed that at that time Yekovlev was
employed by the GPU and claims that he met Yakovlev on at least one
occasion in the corridors of the GPU Building in Moscow, in which Neunson
was visiting in an effort to expedite his passport and visa for.a return
to the United States. Neunscn advised that Yakovlev never actually told
him that he represented the GPU.
Neunson stated that he had no official dealings with Yskovlev
or the GPU and does not have any knowledge as to Yakovlev's duties or
scope of authority.
Neunson stated that he met Yakcvlev on several occasions in
1936 and 1937 at social meetings, and that Yakovlev's friends generally
addressed him under the nioknsme'Kolya."
Neunson advised that he did not see or hear of Yakovlev again
until they met at the kussian Consulate, New York City, in July, 1944.
He stated that he called on Yakovlev on several occasions at the
Consulate socially during 1946, and Yakcvlsv restricted their conversations
to innocuous comments about old times in Russia.
Neunson also advised that Yakcvlev never discussed the scope
of his activities with Neunson except to complain about being continually
overworked and homsick. Neunscn stated that he never mot Yakovlevs
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family, either in the United States or Moscow, and has no details es
to his personal or official life. '
Neunson advised, during an interview in 1947, when he saw
Yalcovlev at the Russian Consulate in New York City, he asked him questions
concerning his occupation, and that when Neunson stated he was employed by
the Baldwin locomotive Company he asked Nsnson if he knew Ivanov, the
head of s group of Russian inspectors stationed at that company. Neunson
also stated that he asked general questions concerning the attitude of
Americans toward Russia,
Neunson also stated that when he left Yakovlev, Yalcovlev told
him ii anything went Wmng at the Baldwin Incomotive Company, Neunson was
t in touch with Yakovlev and advise him.
Neunson advised that following this interview with Yakovlev he
was visited by an mm! agent in August, l94J., and that this agent drove
him around the Eddystone Plant of the Baldwin locomotive Works and
questioned him concerning the handling oi locomotives being built for
Russia.
Neunson advised that in his next conversation with Yakovlev in
November, l944, Ialcovlev asked him whether anyone had visited him, and
Nsunson told him that he had been visited but he could not recall the manls
name. Yakovlev told Neunson to forget the man. 90-345193-3'?!
By letter dated June 20, 1950, the Central Intelligence Agency
was advised of Yakovlews identification as Harry Gold's superior. It
was also advised that Yakovlev was last known to be in Paris, France, and
the Central Intelligence Agency was requested to determine if Yakovlev
was still in Paris, and to furnish information concerning Yalcovle-We
activities . 00-346193-33! J-
A stop notice on Yakovlev has been placed with the Central office
oi the Immigration and Naturalization Service in order that the Bureau will
be advised of any reentry of iakovlev into the United States. 00--346193-45!
A nationwide stop against Yakovlevls reentry into the United
states has also been placed with the U. 5. Customs service. 00-345193-49!
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