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amder Hamilton,,_ e nsil|ilitf'I|a by Constitution upon the ju-
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fdietary to insure that the
Q%@ does not
ab encroach upon an in-di:{dua.I's rum to prim! Mr
abridge his liberty cl apeecl
peas, religion at a-emhlyf.
On the vetyaame decisioniday. the Court placed addedemphasis on irst" Amend-
ment rights in the Sweezw
ase. - l
TAKE ANOTHER situation
in which the Vinson Court did
nothing to checl: trespasses
on civil iibertiesti'us time
the Executive Branch of the
Government. The Department
0! State had arrogsted to it-
self anbitrary authority to de-
termine, in its own absolute
discretion, who could go
abroad. Secretary 0f SW4!
Dulles, and Secretary Ache-
son before him, denied pass-
ports whenever they conclud-
ed-often on the basis of un-
disclosed information Irom;
anonymous soumes-thst it!
was not in the best interests,
oi the United States to allow
CHIEF JUSTICE WARREN .
. . . emphasis on iitdtvid1!l-freedom " '
,. Q I
an American citizen to travel.
This past sprins, however,
the Warren Court denounced
this practice as lnconshnant
with a clearly recognised 6011-
stitutional right to mm and
held that the Secretary" oi
Sta could no ionier ina-hoide passports whenever. 110
pleased_ in the absence - ll!
legislation xing standar-ls353-F'i"s';,"" ° i °é%i p a Circuit _ _ _
Q ppeals which uphe ,_
_cvernment loyalty p _ .-f'="}t'cann8t be said A 1J_,__arreu our-t ever '
upon the cons to on . p _ u Vinson u u ' 1 I Court aitt|n¢
the loyalty-I0¢u.rity pr .'
. iiNevertheless, in the _ terl
Case "and intlieSe'rvlc Case,
the Warren Court held dismis-
sal.a_under the program to he
invalid and restored dis-
missed employee to their
positions. And in the Cole
Case, it limited application
of the program to sensitive
positions actually atlectlng
national security. __
,1 THERE is one additional
area in -which the Warren
Court has tendered distin-
guished service as a chain
pion of civil liberties. It has
resolutely insisted upon po-
lice observance of those pro-
cedural protections of the Bill
of Rights which laymen are
Y-0.0 often disposed to dismiss
as mere legal technicalities.
The history oi liberty,
Justice Frankfurter once oh-
served, has largely been the
history of observance of pro-
cedural saieguards. And the
eiieetive administration o!
criminal justice hardly re-
quires disregard of lair proeo
dures imposed by law.
In a number or cases, the
Warren Court has upset con-
victions because police or
prosecutors have taken short
. cuts which involved trespass-
ing on the rights of defend-
ants. To some extent. it may
he said that these decisions
made law enforcement more
diilicult. They served, how-
ever, to keep police-power
from becoming oppressive
and to make the administra-
tion of justice in the United
States consonant with an.at-
mosphere ot freedom.
IT IS, of course, misleading
to speak of the W}:-ren Court
or the Vinson Court as though
these were distinct bodies gov-
erned by the personalities of
their Chief Justices. Three
Justices-Black, Frankfurter,
and Douglas - have served
continuously throughout the
decade, and the terms of
other Justices overlapped our
arbitary dividing line. And,
in addition, new faces have
appeared. ~
Obviously, there was a com-
plex interaction here. The
Court was, as it always is, re-
sponsive to the country as. -tea '
. what.' fwsrna
havadna a loo-salo_aaa.::aI|aerarlIlll-
ca;uaIaay*Iltl|dea-tahlr
:E¢|lO.lltdGI|Il|l'|IIG II
t 7 e has;;ip;ned the
ness of society to-accept new
1E! aftha llt deoada
would not have reached the
very results thatwere reached
by the Warren Court. The dif-
Ierenoa between . all W.
courts cannot tidrly he u-
eribed to diilerenees in per-
sonality and leadership alone.rho temperature 053: ena-tq in ,_a powe factor
d perhaps the dei-
ing Iactor. - T ..
t is an attribute of Ju
mans-hip to wait
directions in the law. The
panic atmosphere in which
the Vinson Court tunctioued
no longer prevailed with any-
thing iike the same intensity
when the Warren Court made
its great libertarian decisions.
And perhaps the real signin-
cance of the Warren Court:
championship oi individual
liberty lies in the reection
of a remiscence among Amer-
icans of condence in their
own institutions and of re-
spect tor the utility of tree-
dom. , .
NOW IT IS all very well toltake heart from the Warren
Court's championship of the
Bill oi Rights and to deduce
from this championship that
the country: high fever over
suhversion has subsided. I do
not think, however, that there
is any justification for con-
cluding that the Natiou has
completed its convalescence
or that all goes well in the
best oi all possible countries.
Let me point out some
.Ei'!l!@lst considerations in- L92 _ .
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Ifcnrsr msrrca vmson
V I security _- 5.. . . emphasis on national
sx- ' .
E dicating that the hangover is
still a very severe one. g
item One: Although the Su-
. preme Court has imposed a
check on some oi the extrava-
gances oi the Federal loyalty-
aecurlty program, that pro-
gram remains in iull iorce
and effect. It is immensely
' important, I think, to bear in
i -mind that although the pro-
, gram was undertaken on an
emergency basis and although
'-its incursions on traditional
. American civil liberties were
instiiied at its inception as
'=necessa.ry to meet a crucial
3 condition, it has remained in
-Home 11 years without under-
going any real or fundamental
1 modication whatsoever.
_- It is true, to be sure, that
~.-the loyalty-security program is
conducted today with more
orb nity and sophisticationEgg in the pas&_1L_1§_aj.r921ea in supercia _proce uralt haa undergonesome
provemerrh-Ibalvia
also true that the central vice
oi the security prom-amitarelipe on information 11-om
face eas accuserarcmaina al-
together unaltered. -
The inescapable truth is
that the procedures and
atandarda oi the loyalty-so
curiiy program are becoming
institutionalised. And the
country has, to a very large
extent, embracedras a per-
manent part oi its l1ie,,the
iudgment and punishment of
some oi its citiaena through
star-chamber hearings which
deny them any semblance oi
due process oi! law. .
Consider, for another ex-
ample, that, although Chief
Justice Warren said for the
Supreme Court in the Wat-
kins Case that "there is no
congressional power to ex-
pose for the sake of ex-
posure," the simple truth is
that the House Committee on
Un-American Activities and
the Senate internal Security
Subcommittee continue to go
up and down the country,
each of them functioning as
a kind of itinerant auto-do-fe,
intruding its inquisitorial
nose into almost every aspect
of American life; they con-
tinue to be unrestrained by
any jurisdictional limitations
imposed by Congress; and
they continue.to be wholly
unconcerned about constitu-
tional rights of privacy. 1
ITEM TWO: ' There haslbeen bitter reaction to the
Warren Court in Congress.
Attempts were made to cur-
tail the Courts jurisdiction.
Legislation was introduced-
and will no doubt be intro
duced again-to upset specic
Court decisions. Moreover,
there has been a tremendous
hue and cry in the country
against the Court's champion-
ship oi individual rights.
These are disquieting symp-
oms. They suggest that the
atlonal lever is still pretty
highindeed, that we are in
grave danger oi a relapse.
The Supreme Court's essen-
tial business, as Alexander
Hamilton said, is to declare
all acts contrary to the manl-fest tenor oi the Constitilition5 void." But int e last ana s s,ll'i'b?HT5ln be pres!W!'l"Eiy_in the hearts and __mlnds oii
l.-
P.
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4ll!-ile peoiile. .1'ha -Court can
age. But it cannot preserve,'that heritage for ua. C . v i
; freedom, ti wemiinh of |g 5|-
.a source oi denier rather
il-Ii of at-l'eI11l;ll'me elevate".
. protection oi the community. Q
1» _
IRE"!!! ,aa "a ' of"
. 3 1$5-peas .1. ins. ~%£ i
-It can remind ua-ofour herit-
Ilweheeo leflll
above the protection of tudi-,35:21 gah't:,r. we ahall end by.e Irarre,ouu.u.,r=p=1. °~"'- . 1
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/_4Se Pesto
Ernest Hollingsbecameene
arsmm __ _ dale!
executives atoolortultnaugurm
-Um utsessoWu
year-oldrarleitm law-
, admtntltraon by
1 Cal-olinaala"stnteI M A ticnaIiail
touchedby estlny."
U Inhlsinaugurala.dd.nesa,whlr:b
westa.kmt1p1argebrW'ltbaety
tddense oi states right: and e.
qtpledge to resist men integration,
Mr: I-Iozigs id. 'l"|"..e &ttie M
lthe Republic is truly at 1m|¢"_
l DYNAMIC OONSEBVATIBM
, He also lifted high the banner
oi! arnic conservatism", call-
ing nth Qmolina the Itllgbl
for e survival oi the tree en
terprise system . . . the nation:
hope tor the survival of consti-
ltutional government."
I His address. delivered Lroro e
lplatlorm declred tviul bunting,
lbristled with emna.tion of' edtheUnit mte forlts "ill al arnendmen o the es
basic law oi the land.
"B55199 Q! GLADE
Governor Hollings also tlcl-red
o other evidences oi a "period
oi chaos" marked by ignoring the
form and letter and spirit of the
Constitution and the American
concept of government by laws tn-
lstead oi men. Relerring to Pres-
ident Eisenhower, his attomey
general and both national politi-
ilcal es. be said:t - nd a United States -
;torn General pledging
blewt" Q.
see both political parties
mmpeting to hurl the greatest
insults and defamation at our
CALLS IKE 'E"
,"And worse, we nd a contus-
and petulant One! Executive
command of a march-
ermy, this time not against
rlin, but against Little Rock."
On the other band be plctmed
South as a oi
economic and political freedom
and he said the state: mlssim is
"to put Iorward a dynamic
tism as an asset, not a -
b-Hi 0|
I111 notion: businearnsn .... 7onus} to come South, Mr. Hill-J ._'l_A_l_i,I l___-AL l_D1 lllfllli-ii mougnt In Amen
. . . e nation's number oneI-no
,@m?=~,s.;=T"¢.,'I.il.s..
ti Holllngl ma. 92w1u'We are law-abiding people and
a.ndschoo.ll,"_. tenelylnantndlrectre!-gme to incidents which have
, ede nelaborh-lg states,
as well as some places to the
;North.
LIJGGE ADIlINI§TlIB8 OATH
it lhe oath qr orice was admin-
Tlstered to Governor I-tolling: by
it Asociste Justice Lionel K. Legge
oi the South Carolina Supreme
COl1r!,Ml'.Jl1SCQLegell@Il
luarleston.
Behind them on a broad plat-
lfom was assau-
jbta ot state endna lead-
Iers and persmal gu d the
P principals-
, vernor Holling-I is expected
P1easetu.rntnPage12A,CbL1!
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tdent pro ternpore ot the State,
presided over the inaugural cere-
mony, which was also a joint ses-
sion of the General Assembly.
The Citadel band played the
National Anthem at the outset of
the program, iollowed by the In-
vocation, led by Governor Hol-
lings pastor, the Rev. l-Ieywnrd
W. E ting oi St. John's Lutheran,Chu h, Charleston.
Se tor Brown administered the U
_oaih to the new lieutenant gov-;emoQ Burnet R. Maybank. Jr. 10 ER STATE OFFICERS I5 1 V
tvjty
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INAUGURAL ADDRESS .
llov. Hollings Assumes Office;
-F tcmlilld INTI Page One! lChester, formerly pastor ot Wad+t1_34-it 'l"l'_1'lt1"!'!Q!1_'1'l_LI'1i J11, gig Ln;
lngton Street Methodist Church of
Columbia.
IIODGFB, VANDIVER ATTEND
Just before delivering his ad-
dress, Governor l-lollings intro
duced C ;vernor and Mrs. Luther
Iiiodges oi North Cfarolina and said
GOV. Ernest Varldiver of Georgia
was on his way to the ceremonies
but had been delayed slightly
Governor Vandiver arrived in
time to review the parade which
followed the inaugural rites!.
The new governor also present-
ed the outgoit'lg'gWEl'H'or, George_/ 1 Z-..
1 JCT /"
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. - _ -
iPuts Emphasis on States Rights
'Iimrnerman to the Audience
said Mr. llimmerman "has realm
only for MPW memories be-
cause he has done such a splen-
did job for South Carolina.
Gov. Price Daniel was being
inaugurated [or a second term
term yesterday and could not bepresent, Hr. Hollings said, intthe Texas governor sent alon
his personal representative
former Sernter reeidett, Rel.-.e.Haynesworth, now I. huslnessaan
in El Paso. = -
4'-" '77,f7§ / 4-4QIQ.-L-I _.... / I was s'rATERH} 3 nor n_|:co71nvn Columbia S_ c_112 JAN 4&3 .958 6,, ,5 77
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YE u ho
" it '~-. , Awn Preducts
1 Clarence J. Brown
{Rn lo! believes thét Jus-
Jjces ugo L. Black andFelix r Iurter will resignfrom e e Court "In
ta relativei r mef7 92
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Rep. Brown made the state-"ment yesterday in 1 weeklyhis newsletter, .
Brown mentioned that :-euse _
ctrsons i__
' Rosen
Trette: ___
W-C. Sullivan
Tole. Roam _
newsletter to hls constitu-ents. He said it was basedon n whisper'.' he heardIrom- a source I thoughttlce Black ls 72 and Jus
Frankfurter 76 and that the
latter has recently been in
bad health." Justice Frank-furter suffered a mild h rt
92 .1 =-=5 l -=; -.:~ _ P. "' T; _ .' '-v . - -- - ' -
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William V: Shonnon=====
" ' ---"' £"._L W hington.t The routine denials by President Eisenhggygpagd ic}&amnhaveJ' shaken the widespread conviction ere that the story of the coolness tween em is I el
published in the Herald Tribune yesterday; is Riihert T. Donovan, who wrote the story-- ,-_ .~' -1.-" -.-
.-¢"'
_ it _ _highly regarded by all his colleagues for the ~ ~__.._..._i_4 ee l --.»tactusl accuracy ot his work and his scrupulous -
fairness. .Th fClI 13 that Wht h-BS 10l1I b6¬ll t3lkCd
about and occasionally glimpsed has now been
iarou ht out in the o n. The fundamental sour 2 _ pe we _ Vot friction between the two men is the Presi- - - i. . _{-!Q$1!_
dent's refusal to do anything in {co uct.iye,'iorehanded way to help carry out t
Warren was early disillusioned by Mr. Eisen-
hower's attitude on this problem. The President
has consistently re!u%_ Q ay he epgreva e! *
desegregation in principle; he has tllten no steps
to help make it work in prnctiee. As recently aslast gear, he expressed the wish that desegrega-
tion ight proceed more slowly.
_ Donovan wrote that Warren regardsthls atti-
tude as being too indecisive." Warren in Incl:
uses more vivid language to describe the Eisen-
hower positi0il._ He calls it wishy-washy. _
1 ' -'6 '4 I" . i . "
Here are additional instances ihni could be
cited to illustrate the 'gradiral" deterioration in
relations: l '- " - " '
Mr. Eisenhower was offended when the Chic! '
Justice accepted-an invitation toattend the dedts .
cation 0! the Truman Memorial Library. Mr.
ELserlhower'l feud with Harry Truman is very-"'
much alive and he regarded Warren: attendance
as2n not of disloyalty. =" ' 1* -- '-- '
_'1'he.Presldentlnapooll~penl|edWarrenh
conversations he has had with Southern
alien. These Southerners, going down to iii";
White House tuii of In and brimstoee to" * .plain about the lnlqulel oi the Supreme Court, 8] K!?have been sm'p!'L1e¢! to éleceva Mn .._.. ' - ' 92w
_ readily agreeing with them. _e .- - -
his shock at the Supreme Court; lilgeral deci-simtsi in. the civil libertine ell Chlel Justici--__,_ /U 1!
Warren and the nljeriy oil hi! colleagues Wei-C"on»-err popular in Justice Dept. _ p por in the reactl ' " q oi Congress < edecislon: ' ' ' 1 ¢-- -.3; - 4 ?92 "'
»92792 7§"cares 1 9 I959 ___-5:
- BUFIE -
/5Mr
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RE: "FACT AND FRICTION"i lie,
BY
WILLIAM V. SEANNOH¬
'{i:h.B-LUE FINALggffs school desegregation decision. _ Tm _ K
s 1/29/59e~ ~*¥
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i President Eisenhower has made no secret oi - Q, -I % :
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.. . ---- ~.- : W? iggtiieénétemp "1 Sbm Puma "W" __ . .glecis ns. . ma . mm]; Q1 sI fl ough Mr. Eiwlszlgiiihizwhwt awn; n"°' H °°mm'1aono¢beueveunmervw-i 1 Mum; ugh-nble tor 9 President toen-- "M °i..;"1§3$-1 »--»-»»~v-"1-"'="P".:';*.;press n _.hQ 11;; -no _Court decision. Ill F1~}°fQ i.-,5 the eve:-t-.:.'_'.ebionl about cnil1!=lI- m d ' .1 °' W Wu M nsked at! pm! '=° '-L__ _ Q Jilly 11' 1957' ysatiuan oppgged ]6t1'|I1" lerence why the Admm t material fromi defense attorney! 1*" ""1°" d,d,1°;,_ Mr
9292 ' :' . ' ' ' Em$§;e{h:§p?$e met; new-> ha? ggfsg 1 ' _ FB -.i. = *° "§T§pir§agi§ p§:'§i1 i-egf ween WP;nny 0113. _ rm monlyonccl-Ii. may be ° "°n¢ed' agmiign, :ecnu!!_ uomsP° Y
{-9 --'!YIf 1i¬'h n skunk, or worse, and it will beF i-dgiaw Lthere in the report submitted-by the indi-f -V ~' - -- rim could do incalculable damage. to myT mi , just by opening up the FBI iea. -It wouldi. rribie, he said. _ ' " '- " '
v - - 1- I I
. w"61lI's. President was pierfotinfthe views set Iort hece Clerk in his dis- seming opinion in the Jencks Ease-.. gtter such aperiormance Warren and his mejoritylioliéagues
naturally take with i zr-din of sait the President:
protestations on other days that he couid not pos-sibly comment on a Supreme Court decision." The President end the Chlet Justice wofe not
ever. of ooune, perlolinl intimntes. Whgt has-* oocurred In the poet live years is a eteadi diminu-
tion of warmth in their oilicinl relations. How
tor that dimlnution has gone we shall neveri know until the biographer: end writers oi main-olrs begin their work. - ' ..
v -Certainly we cannot expect Mi. Eiseniio if. nio admit even to himself that his nppointmen 2Eeri warren es Chie: Justice rank as on f. uhis Iew great constructive acts in the Presidegggr.
i 92.F31 les as required by U19 hacks _ . ..- ., -'-~
! in 1'5-Qt 'i°I-9-Q-n...n°ry 1,, n Iiftifitiiiege can s4"~
¬3O-19 Her. 1-25-59!
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5 7 I;-';EB 251959Hi h Court -o 8 _ - _ ,1
'A poop 0! some two dozen
men and women tiled a peti-
tion yesterday at the House
clerk: off to impeacl:'mern-hers of thuoreme Court. -
Q al e , Qp0 es-_
man or the P. said
petition was 1 feet tn length
and carried names trom all
over the Nation. -
-The petition contained foot-
long pages headed Impeach
Warren." They were glued to-
gether snd rolled on u-eel
rollers: on each page were in-
ian Nationalist Cru e, P. 0.
Box 27895. Loo Anelea 2'7,
Calif. tMrs. White described her-I
eel! es chairmen of the special
committee to -lmpeach the
Supreme Court and said her
group worked with individuals,
and many organlzationa to
clrculate the Petition. t
The petition charged that
certain members of the Su-
preme Court violated their
oath by substituting legisla-1
on decisions for legal prece-
dent." and that their decisions;
if entorced, will tend to de-
tray law enforcement agen-tstructions to mail the tlon,when completed, to th Christ-yr
920
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lea, congressional investiga-
-tion of treason and subver-'
alon . . . and destroy the sover-
eignty of the several atates.
in-i . I I
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REC-bolson ._.@elm0nt _DeI..ooch I, _.
McGuire __:_.__.
Mohr
Rosen
Tamm
" Trotter
LC. Su n .__
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To Irnpegch it /2/
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NOT nwionono
191 FEB 18 F959
j V ,_._.-_...-
I ' . The Wushinqton Post undgi
"' ' "ram" Herald
The Wczahlnqton Dally News _
The Eventnq Stcxr_.__....__._i
New York Herald Tribune __.._
New York Journal-American ._..
New York Mirror .___._..__..
New York Dally News ___i
New York Poet i.____.__.-
The New Yo!-I: Time: i_.._..
The Worker _.:_____i_._..__
The New Lauder
:1: Wall.Parsons _____._
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t -"P1Qle'-_°Pl§TK3!i*'. Hoe q . i
U db"USJdSupreme Court;Curbs 92
erge" _y . ._u ge-
A plea to help s rgfniont "to save our government by limit-'in; the power ot me U3. preme 1_.u_'t was sounded here yesterdayn. s. District Judge I§o'eT%2s.ne, now retired but still nmmi
from time to time on the tederal bench i.n_Fiorida. addressing theJacksonville Bar Assn. and many visiting members ot the FloridaBu',dec1areditwasnothispurpooetocritle1se the Supranetlourt
decisions relative to racial sesrelstion in 7
"But Tam here to criticize the
iudicial processes by which those
decisions were reached and to try
to impress upon you lull realiza-
honottheiaotthstitwedonotfind s was to stop it soon. this
nation will soon be governed. in-
soiar as its Constitution and its
laws are concerned. by s iudiclal
0118!-I'<=h$. And I am sure that
every one or you will agreegwith
me that this nation will not sur-
vive under the domination oi a
judicial ol.iga.rchy," he declared.
Only One Guess
It should be obvious. Judge De-
Vane said, that under s. written
constitution which provides __the
means for its amendment. "the
Supreme Court should have only
one guess as to the meaning oi
any provision in the Constitution.
It the people disagree with the
court on that suess, they and they
alone have the power to
change it."
Judge Devane called tor sup-
port oi a proposed amendment to
the Constitution which would pro-
hibit the high tribunai from over-
ruling, modifying or changing anyprior decision ot the SuprgneCourt construing the Constitu on
of the United States "or acts of
Congress promulgated under the
Constitution.
The judge noted a number oi
ent cases, involving issues o -
than segregation, in which e -
r rulings oi the Supreme Co
ve been reversed.
"The darnage our Constituti
I
-l is _ - i- -- it-.; %:..i1i%..i::*::.."..r.1AR 6 19:9 ,g§;u;;*g_.&hu===v=~ r=r=aiT$lhas suffered in
has taken place
the damage has
mess sornetmg is don 5
tobrin:|.uendtoit,itwiilnot;
be many generations betore this
government will cease to operate
under our written Constitution,"
he said. '*
Noting that the chief justices oi
the supreme courts of 36 other
states and many other state and
federal Judges "have moved out
in front in an eiiort to bring an
end to this danger which con-
ironts us." Judge Devane asked.
the assembled lawyers to Join in
the attempt "to set UP 8 1'0!-d-.
block to stop it." ~ *
The jurist cited recent supreme
Court interpretations oil the Con-
stitution, aside irom those having
to do strictly with segregation in
the schools. which. he said, in-
flicted a greet deal more harm,
upon the people oi the nation than
will the racial rulings.
Salute Flal
"When the Supreme Court held
that the children in our public
schools could not be required to
stand and salute the flag oi the
United States and pledge alle-
giance to the republic for which it
stands. when it condemned all
iorrns of religious instruction in
o public schools, it struck s
d th blow to the future well e
the republic. As s. nation
and will survive only un
." he said.
When the Supreme Court asserts
it-5 1"-sht not n be hourid he its
QWI1 Prior decisions whenever it
desires to construe the Constitu-
tion or an act of Consrms other-I
wise. then the Constitution and
"B 0! Cbnsress mean nothing,
-T116188 D-eVs.ne declared.
Recalling that an a.meodmentmtrloiins the power ot the so-] '
Dreme Court has been introduced
111 Cligiess by Florida's U. 3.
ep. Bob Bikes. Judge DevsneI
.1
0.3
-Cw:Mr. Tr; ,. I
iML'.II-,_- "1
.1 i
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Florida Times~Union
Jacksonville, Florida
Date 2 ~é ~;_I Z
/AM
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".'75:"
2.; ,492 ~ » -W L W
Judge Dozier DeirgneT ,*- J
Florida Times-Union
Jacksonvilte, Fiorida
Date 2--_§ ~,[_'Z____
/~4,.,.»-1
l1O-19 Rev. 1-23-59!
.-.. ., .,_ ..-.,_ I . _ __ _. -._ _. -R! ¢._'.,~_,:. ._ ._. . . p _ Q $1!
1.;._, - Tolsona Belmont
DeLooch - / ". n§"- ..¢. ' - fr e b "1 1'" . e 4;?-1 ,_ .¢..
-P. - ».L .' -"C-= ..~-'~..15».1 -'-.'sr<,v-;:.a - r » ' |- .»~ -
in Denying Race uqonny;. l*1 D3. i . . . ~ I @~sqf~¥%; = - . .- F!*$."!!?..'=+!¬R=1*¢==.- ax-+='*;§s4 i.' . .-~=- ----~=.-"-.'**- " I
.5 > 'wssm:uo-nos. loo. 11;-The nation is oletrlm
tietizlme mi-rose: o1i"Abrahaui Lincoln-,I1ocumHv1°¢1== I".§Q] spoken-and he deserves them.ail.B92rHfwhat Abraham}Lincoln said inst 100 sears aao were 1%-1'"""°4 W1!-7 ° "*7"
one else in imblic me. the we mrmw would be ieeevmsd
' as coming tram a "racist." or "ext:-emistx or.
92 wn "den "the Cons i r f"...;:*...:......"... l "no.3;
-
D
ll.
W
Lawrenceat Chicago:
cision, or that good lawyers tho
cision. have been made by that
very court before. It is the rst
or its kind: it is an astonisher
in legal historyit~ is a new
wonder of the world."
In speaking further of the
Dred Scott decision. Mr. Lincoln
said at Quincy, Illinois, on Oct.
13, -1858:
. . ..b-st we-nevertheless do
oppose that decision as a Politi-
cal rule which shall be binding
on the voter to vote for nobody
who thinks it wrons. which
shall be binding on the meni-bers or Congress or the Presi-J
dent to favor no measure that
does not actually concur with
the principles oi that decision»
We do not propose to be bound.
by it as o political rule in that
way. . . . We propose so resist-
ing it as to have it reversed itham Lincoln was Ilainltuorclna Co
deeldon mi how he
overturning of precedent in a ruling was not
"settled law."-It was just 100 years Bio whe
Abraham Lincoln was debating with Btephe p
Douglas in the State of Illinois. 01117 a re p
months ago the Library oi? Congress pub-
" lished a book containing facsimiles of the
printers copy oi the stenographic record oil
Lincoln-Ibuglas debates as edited and pre-.*
pared ice the press by Abraham Lincoln.
" Len! Astonisber _ "
. Following is a quotation from Min,
Lincoln: speech delivered on Jul! 18. 1858.
The sacredness that Judge Dougl .
throws around this decision at the Buiireiiae Court oi t
United States! is a decree oi saoredness that has never bee"before thrown around any other decision. I have never heard E
such i thing. Why, decisions apparently contrary to that d
1-llht were contrary to that de-.
we can. and a new judicial rule;
established upon this subject";
Jefferson Quoted '
In another speech delivered
in Chicago on July 17, 1858,
Mr. Lincoln quoted with Ip-
proval a letter iron: Thomas
Jeerson. written in 1820,
which declared thati! the
Judges ot the Supreme Court
are to be considered as the
liltimate arblters oi all Consti-
tutional questions," this could
be a very dangerous doctrine
indeed and one which wouldin a speech delivered at
ttawo. 111., on Aug. 21. 1 8,
. Lincoln took up the r e
uestion. He dounced slave .
ut then added: . .
"1 have no purpose to in -
duce political and social equal-
it!_ between the white and the
black races. There is a physical
ditterence between the two.
which in my iudsment win-
probably forever forbid their
living together upon the rooting
oi perfect equality. and inas-
much as it becomes a necessity
that there must be a dierence.
I. "as well as Judge Douglas.
"am in favor oi the race to
which I belong having the su-
perior position. I have never
said ahythint to the contrary,
but I hold that notwithstanding
all this. there is no reason in
the world why the Negro is not
entitled to all the natural
rights enumerated in the Dec-
]5;§g|;|_oi Indebcgli-theright to liie. libcr and_ the
I é/2.-1
it ""'
.-rd
mu 1 a _ _
hover Iqlalllr , What next? Free than and}
make them politically and so-v
ciallv ourcqll-I-1-Ii My own toe!-
ingawiilnotadmitofthis: and
ii mine would. we well know
that those of the great mass oi.
white people will not. Whether
this-feeling accords with lustioe;
and sound Judgment is not the
sole question, if. indeed it is
any part oi it. A universal feel-
ing whether well R ill-founded.
cannot be safely disregarded.
We cannot. then, rnabe them;
With tnrther reference to the.
equality or inequality or the
races. Mr. Lincoln said. on Sept.
ll. 1558. at Charleston Ill.:
. Iwii1say thenthatiamnot.
nor ever have been in favor 0!
in:-inging about inany way the
is-ocial and political equality oi
Lthe white and black racesthat
Iamnotnoreverhavebeenin
favor or making voters or jurors!
oi Negroes, nor of qualiiying
them to hold omce, nor to in-.
termsrry with white people; i
tend I will an in addition to
this um there is a physical dit-
Iference bet'ween' the white and
black races which I believe will
forever forbid the two races liv-
ing together on terms of social
and political equality. And inas-
imuch as they cannot so live.
iwhile they do remain together
=iihere must be the position of
:sunerior and interior, and I as
finuch as any other man am in
[favor of having the superior
position assigned to the white
lrace. . . . Iwilladdtothis
jnowledge a man. woman or
ducing a perfect equality. social
and political. between Negroesandvwhite men." '
|@T!'57.'iEY.Hero1di'li'iInoIInE
h
MOT IIIQRBIDthat I have never seen to mylMcGuire _.._-
Mohr
Parsons
Rosen
%'Q92'lomm Trotter
W.C. Su on _
To . com ...__
Hollomon __._
Gondy
bu b7
-a
c.-92
The Washington Post ond____,_
Time! Horoid
The Washington Dolly News _
The Evening Slur ii?NEW Ym-g Herold TlibunaL.
New York Journal-American __
New York M1l'f0l' i----ii
New York Dolly Now! -
Nevv York Poll
child who was in iavor oi pro-- ,-_1q,, N,w ~';'qri{%1mo- ___.i- . '. "" '
The Worker
The New Louder ....._:__---
Th, wqll siren! Journal __--
DotoE - -- ..
.--.. .
_ _ _ "Narii__!3 _
o-19' ten. i-RB-59! L pl 92 I
92
Auone c. w.1m..- r
J -o
H
' -gq-_-
V not like some of this week: news from
L ago. Neither will moat of his Supreme
Court colleagues. _ _._ -
- In the works is a plan which very likely
will put the American Bar Association on
against t.he U. S. Supreme Court-
The complaint, in layman: language,
would be aomething like this: __
That the court has actively, consistently and dangerously
weakened the defenses ol the United States and the several
states against the subversive activities of communism and
oommuniata. -'
There will be no suggestion, of course, that the court hasdone this deliberatelg. A special Bar Association committeehas prepared for su mission today or tomorrow to the ABAHouse of Delegates s report on communist tactlm, strategy
and objtiva in the llnitm States. The House of Delgates
meets in Chicago today and tomorrow. -
The ABA Board of Directors screens reports to the House
of Delegates and might prevent submission of this one. The
special committee, however, has voted to submit the report.
Bar Association spokesmen believe it will survive the screen-_ FQC
ITQCD
record with a carefully worded complailiI: De
Mc uir
Mohr
Parsons
L! eie Room
, I. It .. W _
inthe Aug.22,1958.Congnessional R.ecord.__ ..
The 1959 report will contain proposals for corrective
measures against a series of Su reme Court decisions whichbe% about three years ago. ghere .are,23 such decisiorw..0 _92.
The 1958 report contained 10 proposed corrective measuresEtiendedjn ecct. to reverse the Supreme Court by legis-
on. . .. - .
'Ihe House Judiciary Committee approved last week a bill
to counteract the court's decision on the anti-communist
Smith Act. In Yates vl. the United States, the SupremeCourt- . -
0 Reversed two Federal courts and ruled that the teaching
and advocacy of forcible overthrow of the U. S. Govemment,
even with evil intent, was not punishable under the Smith
Act so long as the advocacy was divorced trom any effort
actually to start a revolution going.
'Ihe Bar Association special committee said in 1958 the
No. 1 communist tactic at that time was nulliiication of theO59
' omm6 / ¢ Ttotte
W. 1 on _._.
_. .. ' Fit " / I-loll 42¢. . . .cl-IIEF JUS"l'ICE_-.EARL WARREN will "§1owever,_1avor adoption of the report. report on the same Esubject was drawn a year ago but was not sub =
consideration bythe House oi Deie atea. was b
. 1I
u-20 Rev. 1-2a-59! L,
I
__92
Y.1 1v-_92-.-' 92
§= " .'. .;.:~- yr.
sf?
Q,_
" K -2 , ,- A /a1/W:S ¢Jr' A7L ' Mt.I AegmméV VMr. Tolson /
Mr. Be -M1. Deg
Mr. McGuire _____
Mr Mohr
Parsons
Rosen
VG]-I .1
. Tale. Room ______
O1 m _ : lo an M1. H
Miss
59» y
_//'1 J I,4 -
S'S;S;g -Q. .é_V _.-...-_-_.--.--i- . ._._>-_..______ __VA .. ..V . _ _._ __ __ A0- , .
UPI '38 '
ccbuara . ma RIZVIEI sunBOSTON"'CHARL£S J. nnocu £3110: or tn4- 92LAs1 ntcur tn: NATION'S Lnwisns MUST sun:>Sw supnzc count's THREAT to n:s1nov~1u: ant¢u>- BLOCH tons surr0Lx LAI scuooL cnnbunwilscH0oL $£cR£cATION azcrslou 'DESTROYED TIEto THE srarrs rues: rouzns now SPECIFICALLYwant IE ¢AlL£n ta:
r l1cu1s-
COURT S 195 I
NDHI"J*|T" UIIICH LEAV S
D FOR Till FEDERAL
THE CQURT FELL INTO THE [RATING N01 INTERPRETING, TIE LII OF THE % GOVERN MINT Ill THE CWSTITUTINU - . ' ' @/ ' NR N IGNORIIG THE FICT TIIT ITS
1 ;u HER IS CONFINED to ADJUDIC *~" LAND ' nnocu sax». as snzn 11 ruisatzns to 0:51:01 THE IILL orRIGHTS or THE starts nun ta: xnnxvxnunn.@§§ n1cu%s wuxcu cuanaurzca THE;S;; S 2/1:--15101:; k
éi7;&TR'»
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4!] _
92 WASHINGTON CAPITAL NEWS SERVICE
92wf.-~ 4/Aé;
I tip '2
J-0'
- n.I"I'r': -;."I';". - - __ _, _, , .. .-. .... vi,._ Q. ---1---"-=7. 4 '.»k!f-P-"um - -_ 5 . , :_92P_ i "-tan - - _- "
- ms oovsnmuc soano oi the au-
gust American Bar Association has ap-
proved s recommendation that Congress.
by use._o! the legislative process, reverse
me recent decisions of the United StatesQ1 re urt The rulings in question __..E__i.IiLL.GiL.__-
didw rights against in-
fringement by state or Iederal laws de-
signed "ti: combat subversion and commu-
_nism. - . ~~'
'1'he.ABA is on controversial ground
and gives evidence that it>recognizes- this
by its cautious approach. The committee
report which the ABA governors endorsed
is careful to point out that the Supreme
Court is "the ultimate guardian oi! the
Bil] of Rights and the protector of our
freedom.
Nevertheless, says the ABA report now
lpproved for submission to the entire
, membership: , '
"Many cases have been decided in such
I manner as to encourage an increase in
Communist activities in the United States.
Our internal security has been weakened
by technicalities raised in judicial deci-
sions which too frequently in the public
mind have had the effect of putting on
trial the machinery ci the judicial process
and freeing the subversive to go iorth and
further undermine the nation."
O _ -
TI-IE SUPRPIIVIE COURT is under in-
creasing tire these days. Much of the at-
tack stems from its libertarian trend.
Some Southerners would undo its man-
date against segregated schools. by limit-
ing the court's powers or by constitutional
change giving states exclusive authority in
= the fieici oi education. But segregationistn
the FBI chiettain, lashed out at ruling 92l.I'G not the only critics. J. Edgar Hoove
which defeat the interests of justice." An
,-cl
§ .
for cugeiiii ._..,. ~-'_r.,i'-T '» - /" '17-r? . {T. .' of-.'."""""""_ - ,.s. rt;
- -":n MTIALED
Q{t
JP .|..t
as*,; ' The Before The Bar 7; r '
~_ 4 .- .
Rep. Kenneth R? Keeling. New York R.e- ; i
pubiican. said the Court had ."g'one alto-
gether too Iarin its teal to protlet the i
rights oi! the individual." .
The ABA leadership has joined the
sweiling chorus onr'ph_ilosophica1 rat.h-
er than emotional groiuids. Its inuence
will be great because _this'is a field inlrhich it isquaiified to speak. ~ ' ;
_...-i; Ti-TE GEN'ILEMEN_oi the -tni- are not i
asking tor" the creation oi. precedent. There _
is a_mpie=pI'lcede'nt for Congress and the 1
people! to say a_ final word alter the Su- fpneme Court has spoken. A most notabic i
case in point is the 16th Anilidrflent su'- .~
thorizing '1 Iederai income It specic-'
ally nullified an 1895 Supreme Court dee-
cision holding that such _s was un-
constitutional.
_ Precedent. however. is not involved it
here. A principle is at stake. '
The Supreme Court was devised to p1_'o- i;
tect the rights of the individual. regard-less of the iarges or the temper of the
times. Ant dependent judicial authority
above thh pOHC8i.,tl11'm0i1 has served ill "THE
well. Thou h sometimes it has lagged be-hind publicg opinionfit has as often been February 25 2 1959ahead of it. Our system of legislative. ju-h . ceorge Beebe,i
dicial and executive authority, no one su-m..,me_ is smhhe best way. _ Managing Editor
%;' '"""""""-""""'*"-"-'-'-;.*' " .
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iU. S. News World Report
FROM THE SUPREME COURT:
4| ii __ ,-- "hr-n__J iii min W; -
NEW RUUNG5, NEW PUZZI-E5
Supreme Court, and you find-
When it comes to rights of in-
dividuals as opposed to powers
of the state, the nine Justices are
divided into tvvo camps.
What is this new line-up? Who
are the "swing men ?
In five cases involving citizen-
ship rights and contempt of court,
the sharp division on the Court
is made clear.ll Look at recent decisions of the
The Supreme Court appears to be
dividing into two distinct wings in
cases that involve the constitutional
ri_ght_s o_l__individaa_ls.n the side 0f_tl;.-: individual as against
the state are Chief justice Earl 92'92/arren
and justices Hugo L. Black and William
O. Douglas. On the side of broad powers
for the Government are Justices Felix
Frankfurter, Harold H. Burton, Tom C.
Clark and john M. Harlan. The swing
men" who determine the majority are
justices William j. Brennan, jr., and
Charles E. 9292'hittaker.
This division was pointed up last
week in three cases that involved taking
citizenship away from native-born Amer-
icans and in two cases involving power
of lower courts to punish for contempt.
in one of the citizenship cases, a
Court majority held that citizens who
vote in foreign elections can lose their
citizenship. In the second, it held that
citizenship cannot be taken from a soldier
for wartime desertion. In the third, a
majority held that serving in an enemy
army during war could not lead to loss
of citizenship unless Government proves
clearly the service was willing.
line-u on citizenshi . These con-fiising_de:isioh th a majority
holding that Congress, because of its
authority over foreign relations. can pass
laws that take away citizenship for vot-
ing in foreign elections. _The case in-
Hilved a native of Texas who voted in
Mexico. This opinion was written by
justice Frankfurter, supported by jus-
tices Burton, Clark, Harlan and Brennan.
The Chief justice, joined by justices
Black and Douglas, _, l_l_s' §'§I_1tr;c_l__.*;_h_i1Vr]!l!/,
holding that citizenship stems from the
U. S. NEWS I WOILD IEPOIT, April ll, I95!Constitution and that Congiess l_1_a_§__n_o
pgngg to_ deprive amt native- A_m Anteri-
can of these ri hts. justice Whittakerdissented, too, dot on the ground that
voting in a foreign election, which may
be legal in that country, is not serious
enough to involve loss of citizenship.
Then. in the desertion case, the trio of
Vtarren, Black and Douglas was joined
by justice Whittaker in holding a law
depriving a deserter of citi-
zenship imposes cruel and
unusual punishment in vio-
lation of the Eighth Amend-
ment. The judgment to re-
store citizenship also was
supported by justice Bren-
nan, but on the ground that
Congress had no authority
under its war powers to deny
citizenship to deserters. Dis-
sents were recorded by jus-
tices Frankfurter, Burton,
Clark and Harlan, who denied
that loss of citizenship
amounts to cruel and un-
usual piinishment.
In the third case, involving
a U. S.-born japanese drafted
into the japanese Army in
World War ll, seven justices
held that the Government
must prove clearly that the
citizen served willingly. jus-
tices Harlan and Clark dis-
sented.
On contempt: cr similar
split. The contempt cases
involved people accused of
Communist connections, andthat the evidence of contempt was not
sufficient.
The other contempt case involved the
Fifth Amendment's protectig_n__;_1gainst
self-incrimination. T e overnment
charged that a woman falsely denied
Communist connections when she was
naturalized and should lose her naturali-
zation. She testified in her own behalf,
but refused to answer questions on cross-
lY~.92'l929292'R Photo
NEW LOOK AT THE _SlJPR_EME COURT
a majority in each case held
against these individuals. But,
in each case, the Warren-Black-Douglas
trio clissciitedjjchii-cl on other Tgtouidsby j1:stice"Brennan.w T
ne case c0nceme_d_two of the rst ll
Commun_i_s_§ who_vi;e_re fqi1T1dg1iilt_y of
M1sc1Ft.ii= 171'_5l§*rit_Q:;@1t[92r<@92i17flhé Cov-¬_I_'l]f'¬.Ilt._%-l'll5 pair jumped baiT anded
as they were about to be sentenced to
prison. They surrendered live years later
and were sentenced to an additional three
years for contempt of court. justice Har-
lan, writing for the majority, upheld the
power of courts to punish criminal con-
tempts without jury trials. justice Black.
for the dissenters, argued that it is time to
change this judicial practice and require
jury trials in criminal contempt cases.
justice Brennan dissented on the groundNow reveal ed; opposing vvinos on individual ria-his
examination, raising the Fifth Amend-
ment. The judge ruled the defendant
waived protection when she testified.
sentenced her to six months for contempt.
justice Whittaker joined the Frank-
furter-Burton-Clark-Harlan contingent to
uphold the lower court. The 9292'arren-
Blaclt-Douglas wing again dissented, 92vith
justice Black arguing that in civil cases
defendants need not waive the Fifth
Amendment protection to testify in their
own behalf. justice Brennan dissented on
the ground that other penalties should
have been used.
These ve cases provide strong indi-
cation that the Supreme Courtbittcrly
criticized in Congress and elsewhere-
is rather sharply divitlt- l itself. [H21
75
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page 108
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62 APR 1 19590'1 REcoRn""""-'; 199MAR 311959 .
11?
Wash. Post undi
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News _.._.._...._
Star -
N. Y. Herald i._
Tribune
N. Y. Journal-___
American
N. Y. Mirror ...i
N. Y. Daily News ._
N. Y. Times Y.-
Daily Worker ..___
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New Leudbr #-
Date
JAN 3 0 1959
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anintion teeis the 5:-
W931securi%by its rul-lnvol ' accused 1
_ _amt1-subversiveieil-
the same token, conservative,
"-moflerate spokesmen for the South
hove expressed alarm over the weak-
-ening at national unity caused by a
Jupreme Court decision 011 school
.!egregati0n_ba:, not upon the law
ztqui on vi¬"¢, controversiai. ,<'.-.
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'£erred to bythe ABA are oerhinlys
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Criticism of tlie Court
by Raymond Moley
IN rue discussion over the American
Bar Association's series of recom-
._.-92.-"-l'..L:-92.~- 1... fU._..-_-u... :an La-'.-|-an-A-92lllcIl92-l-Iulla LL, 92.JUll.5.lI7D3 LUI IE5-lalibl-"I
clarifying, limiting, and dening our
protections against intemal enemies
and subversion, it was intimated that
it isgmwise to criticize not only the
U.S. Supreme Court but any of its
interpretations of the law. There are
several good answers to this claim,
some of which have been supplied by
the Justices of that Court.
The statement adopted by the
House of Delegates of the ABA spe-
cically disclaimed any general criti-
cism of the Court itself or any effort
to limit the jurisdiction of that Court
as dened by the Constitution. The
recommendations of the House of
Delegates to have Congress clar-
ify its own laws and to assume the pow-
ers vested in it by the Constitution.
For the Constitution in Article II,
Section 3, states that "In all the other
cases before mentioned the Supreme
Court shall have jtirisdiciiun, with
such exceptions and regulations as
Congress shall make." The only cases
in which Congress may not regulate
are named in the same section and
are not pertinent to the cases which
were under consideration.
THE BAPCS RESPONSIBILITY
The bar in this instance is acting in
its most signicant role. A lawyer is
something more than a plain citizen.
He is by tradition and law an olcer
of the court and an agent of the gov-
ernment. To refrain from guidance
would be to shirk the bars responsi-
L.'l:>.. ...- f92 v-92~|-r92c1!r :r92r92r92 I!£'I'f92r92ir92|'1'| 92I'92 anLfl.llL,| J Q yd 92Jl92-'~!Jl924Ill92-J I-Ii,-"J92vl59292l92-ll 9292-7
the public and to government.
Among the recommendations which
the House of Delegates has made to
Congress, three are outstanding: The
states should be permitted to enact
and enforce laws to protect the nation
and its citizens against subversion, and
Congress should make clear that by
enacting its own security laws it is not
pre-empting the eld; the Smith Act
of 1940 should be amended and
strengthened to include not only par-
ticipation i.n organized subversive
groups, but the advocacy of over-
throwing the govemment, or to teach
the necessity, desirability, or duty of
seeking to bring about such over-
throw"; and Congress should continueits committees on internal security-
Thc ABA report points out the ne-
_._-...-... _.r .....,1. 'l....:..'l.-.1-4. . L... -ea AFUUDDILY Ul h92.lL.ll l.C5lBlGllUll LIGBIII-i-N-I Ill
the serious consequences of various
decisions of the Supreme Court.
These, in the holy name of freedom,
have seriously impeded efforts to in-
vestigate and legislate against sub-
versive activity.
In the debate in Chicago over the
ABA recommendations some perti-
nent evidence favoring the report was
presented by Alfred I. Schweppe, a
Seattle lawyer who has labored in-
defatigably for years to provide public
leadership through the bar. His evi-
dence consisted of statements made
by justices of the Supreme Court it-
self concerning the right and duty to
subiect the decisions of the courts to
merited criticism.
VIEWS OF IUSTICES
Back in 1893, Mr. ]ustice Brewer
stated in an auoress that many criti-
cisms may be "devoid of good taste,
but better all sorts of criticism than no
criticism at all."
In 1941, Mr. justice Black said in
writing for the majority concerning a
contempt case against The L05 An-
geles Times: "The assumption that
respect for the judiciary can be won
by shielding judges from published
criticism wrongly appraises the char-
acter of American public opinion . . .
an enforced silence, however limited.
solely in the name of preserving the
dignity of the bench, would probably
engender resentment. suspicion, andcoptempt much more than it wouldan .-i..,.., I'|;92I-'92£lr92|'* .............. .c..p-...
Dissenting in the same case, Mr.
justice Frankfurter nevertheless said:
Therefore judges must be kept mind-
ful of their limitations and of their
ultimate public responsibility by a vig-
orous siream oi criticism expressed
with candor however blunt."
The late Mr. justice Jackson wrote
in "The Supreme Court in the Ameri-
can System that "criticism by the pro-
fession is one of the important criteria
in appraising a decisions "real Weight
in subsequent cases."
The Court is a responsible, human
institution. To elevate it above criti-
cism would be to create a tyranny
above the law and 211-1-ve the govern-
ment of which it is a part.j .l Y
l
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2 C9:/i-".137 6 t'l :-1 Newsweek, March 16, 1959/1
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==1rt1<=1§t<4'W11ata State Chief Justice .~:
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- Says Abo"u_t the' Supreme Court"
' ' --.-...~.._ ;
U. S. News and World Report 12-12 58! . as-9s " '
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the quotations which I used In ca-So
hetore the House I! De1e£9-"=8 *1 '51"
Ameftca-n Bar Association during the de-
bate on,cr!t1cl_BII;_0i1he United States Bu-=
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C15l 7 Boston Traveler 92
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BE WON BY 8HIELD_ING" JUDGES
'3 Ill-OH PUBLISHED ,.C-ITIGISH
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1 an enforced silence, however limited,ale}; in the name U_P1_OIOI'VIII tho
pity of the bench, wenltluprobably
engender resentment, ensplclon, and
contempt much more than it would
'r_ a... -.-.-... ._...-... 92l'-, .-...- -Ill i-BU BILLLU In-35¢ W-l
.-1oW1-D8 wcrdazmz ' _ _,
.- - "Just because the holder-e'e! judi-I clal oice are ilcuttfgz with the in-
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' common human fraties and 11.11111!!!-
tlel. There have sometimes been
martinete upon the bench as there
have also been pompous wleldera cl
iuthari who have T1566 the i'raT;-iphei--
I - nalla of power in support of what they
_-,;.r_'._ _5l.1lQ their dignity. THEREFORE
JUDGES MUST BE KEPT MINDFUL
OF THEIR LIMITATIONS ANDOF.. ~
E s'rn1-zen or cnmcrsm. EK-
EVER BLUNT. ' - - - 7 1enhance respect.'!.-_ - "*'f;_j-'
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puma that criticism
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aquugi u, '1'-ghts, the Constitution: npm soon
bpmmé 1 any-¢1i¢ instead an legal ¢92iide_to
"3: as up imponmtm "rem-qm 1_11a:'t1:e l'6u.r-
iednth Amendment', h'|,ifl_upp1.ication to 'discrimination, an zmdergonb 1lno~oi
_ é wth"-111 1;h§_w0rd_| of LQBQ-dbI;f0t6n wsiezqoai :3:-emu t!nCqixt.- Follow-h'¢_ u» lino 9! in ii fbiolicitor
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u o_epuit¢-but-oqua1 d6ctrm6"o£ Plcny 0. F_¢r- But the Court nu a my. xc_§01l_4:thr
iamrn xmmumn ugumim the valldilipqt am
doct11n0 ln the light of later expq-iance._grg_atarand
D at cou-
tlie l'bur-
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to -put
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Now York Harald Tubman .1.
Now Yuri Journal-American _
Now York Mirror _.._..__
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view: within
whet its role ehould
Justice Felix I"n.nk-
the mnjoty, Jnloe
Bleak dissenting,hr many pen have
mww
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opinion etrmlng the Illinois
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eevingl and loan ueoelntlon
jhohe4l_prev'loul1ybeeneoquit-
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York Harald Tribunc i.-
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The Evening Bta
'92 Now York Herald Trlbunt _
New ark Journal-American _
Now York Ll1rror_....i_-.-" I 92 New York Dally Nun i.
Now York Poll ___i._.i
The Nlw York "ll|n0I i_
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