Klaus Fuchs Part 35

FBI Vault

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Klaus Fuchs

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35

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it 1:20 P.M. on Ila-Y 9; 1950, Hr. Cimperman called from
London to advise that the London papers -state today that the
Fuchs case will finally hit Parliament; that next Thursday &#39;b_oth_
the Home Secretary and Foreign Secretary will be asked &#39;
questions re the proposed interrogation of Fuchs by Bureau
Agents. _ . - -
 A Labor member of Parliament will ask "What are the
- regulations governing the questioning of prisoners in British &#39; 
jails by police of other countries and to what countries are the 7
facilities granted? . &#39; &#39; " -
_ 0 _ 1 ,_> _
. " - Another Labor member of Parliament will ask ilhat conditions *
will govern the interrogation of Fuchs and what precedents are there
for the interrogation of prisoners in England by officials of a &#39;
_ foreign power? &#39; &#39; . 
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and circumstances permission is being granted for the interview or .Fuchs?&#39; l
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Secretary this coming Thursday and the discussion will carry over
until the i&#39;ollo1Iing Monday, if necessary, at which time the For-ei
Secretary will be asked by a Conservative member of Parliament
"What are the principles and precedents involved in the inte V1 on?
Hr. Cimpeman adrisedthat he was rumishing this i
mation telephonically inasmuch as the Bureau would want to lmoiv 4
that this matter was reaching the discussion stage in Parliament. &#39; 
He advised that ins answers that will be gven to these questions
Iill not be known until the Home Secretary and the Foreign Secretary"ell
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OH: _ connection betwe n FUCHS and JOSE!e _ __,_1;,.9g;, List of 9.11 people riiitermg
- at Albuquerque Hotela in June, 19145, -
&#39; furnished Bureau Surveillance photographof JORDAN CARSOIy@M.BK obtained and copiel 92
forwarded Burea , Boston, and New York. -1 3 " Photograph made oi available hotel registrar
92  - _ tions Santa Fe and Albuquerque, N. M. for; - periods 7/13-23/1+5 and 8/25-9/1+/ks and
 forwerdedhureau for comparison with known
handwriting specimens of JOSEPH mom  1 _1 - ao1aBIII§. - n "*"--"="&#39;"&#39;"W .. mnmmsms cns,m. .-  EsP:omnos-e r
Ta  . , 1
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. 92DETAILS: ~- -  - &#39;  r &#39; l
. f  By letter dated March 9, 1950, the Bureau advised that the
tiles at the Beet of Government contained little information concern- &#39;
ing JOSEF ROTBLAI&#39;iand msemeoamw not let out in report of Special
_ V _ Agent J. JEROLE MAXWELL dated January 23, 195°; at ubuquerque in t I _
. - - 
§ &#39; l In April, 19110, a committee of qcientiatl was set up 1_.|:| - -  -
i _ and  work on the Atomic Bomb and a  B_Q£II_BL:L&#39;E worked on the  _-$5.,  it L, Lg, e 8&5?-fLtL;2:" l " ¢_e&#39;°r9"*&#39;*=&#39;""*=&#39; t fl -"Y L&#39;92 do - - -- f-  Ya Q51 6 é?&#39;;3/919&#39; - I -< as §0P|I.Q*1&#39;H|I IIPQIT - r .7 N 7 7 I Wyiwi 7 7"   t -  _ &#39; » » R207nov 1e ww |_._.. .-- Fm 91- Bureau &#39; 195G  &#39; &#39; &#39; &#39;. ». - 1 g-Boston 5-3301+!, - &#39; Mgv __ 92 . _- A 2-Chicago &#39; . - ---- &#39; . ~ It  u. X 3-Ne Y 1: 5-15136 i   ~ ~  t - .,1-J _ V Fa:-nc1aco1§g¬-1!a1l£!_ 92 I  I if  92 . _,P E§?7Bl§5_,§.  reportand its conints are Ioanednto y3g7l¥,the ;_ -- H .a &#39; FBI and are not to be distributed outside of agen to whichnloagsélby V-	  ~33 _|     .~   §X.:925t;romGD cmeymh

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pro,1ect. It is likely that this is the RO1&#39;B_LAT in question. The same , .
committee also utilized FUCHS.  -_;    &#39;
 ELSBETH GRANT is said to be a graduate of the University of
Oxford. in England and ,to have received a Dr. of Laws Degree from the &#39;
University of Liverpool _in_ England and to have known BQTBLAT in Liver-
pool.    ;.,.-1 . 1  _j &#39;  = -
ROTBLAI apparently arrived in the United Stateson February16, 1910+. -He stayed et the Ho Roosevelt in Washington, n. 0., until .
February 28, l91+1+, when he was transferred to Los Alamos. He apparently
remained there until December B, 19-I-B, and returned to England on December l2!», l9l1J+. L  -  &#39; &#39; . l. _ _ &#39;4"_ ._, -..&#39; a-:~ - -
y &#39;:".>" v
The Bureau -instructed that since it is -likely that somsnu
knew FUCHS in England and because ROTBLAT favored giving "Atomic informs; .&#39;
Hon to Russia, ROTBLAT nay have been aware of FUCHS espionage activities"
and it is therefore desired that ELSBETH GRANT and Mrs. 0BRIAN be located &#39;
and interviewed along this line. - M - &#39;
_&#39; p Mrs. MARY AILEEN O&#39;BRYAN, hostess at the Monastery of tbs
Cistercian Order of Monks, Valley Ranch, Pecos, New Mexico, advised
011  35; .1959, that 1191&#39; 5911 DERRIO O&#39;BRIEN was a Rhodes scholar in
England and. met one m.orried_ his present wife, PAMELA MILLIGAN &#39;
O&#39;BRIEN England. - PAMELA h-G attended 8611001 w11.&#39;|l1EI.SBETH GRANT
and they were close friends ELSBETH GRANT had had scarlet fever n _ . _ whe/e child which had affected her hearing. During the early part of World "*War II, GRANT had been in an air raid which had further dnmagedher
hearing and. caused her to be very nervous. _IBecause&#39;.of Miss GRANT:
physical condition, PAMELA O&#39;BRIEN had suggested that Miss GRANT cometo Santa Fe, New Mexico. Mrs. O&#39;BRIEN stated that sometime about the _ --
early part of 191$, EISBETH GRANT had come to Santa Fe New Mexico and because of her friendship with Mrs O&#39;BRYAH&#39;s daughter in-la be , . - w came aclose associate of Mrs. O&#39;BRIAN. She stated that GRANT was financially &#39;
ind de &#39;epen nt but because of her nervousness, she had suggested that
GRANT obtain employment. mt. o&#39;ssmu helped cams get a position R &#39;
at the AVERY BOWMAN Real Estate Agency in Santa Fe, New Mexico, where
Mrs. 0_&#39;BRYAN was also employed. . .
_ Mrs. o&#39;snr.-my stated that he acted more or less as a motherto ELSBETH GRANT  was only about twenty years old at the time "
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and that GRANT stopped by her home almost every day. She stated that
several months after GR;.HThad been in Santa Fe, she cane to her home
one day and said that the most wonderful thing had happened; that she _
had met a scientist from Los Alamos; and that he had letters from
people in Liverpool who told him to look her up. After that time ,
ELSBETH GERANT mentioned seeing ROTBLAT often and Mrs. O&#39;BBYAN thought
that he came to Santa Fe to see her about two or three times each week.
On several occasions EISBETH GRANT stopped by Mrs. 0&#39;BRYAN&#39;s home which
was near the Post Office and said that ROTBLAT was very forgetful;
that he had spent too much time at her apartment; had forgotten to mail
his letters and that ROTBL.~.T had asked her, GRANT to mail these letters
for him. Mrs. 0BBYAN continued that she had been contacted by an
Army Intelligence Agent who told her that they felt there was a &#39;lea.k
at Los Alamos and that this leek might be through ROTBLAT. Mrs. 
O&#39;BRYAN _was asked by this agent to pump ELSBETH GRANT for all infome-
tion she could get concerning ROTE-LAT. Mrs. O&#39;BRIEN stated that she
had agreed to cooperate with the Arzzqr Intelligence Agent and that she _
had furnished him at that time all oi the information that she could
get from GRANT concerning ROTBLAT. She advised that because of the
length of time that had elapsed she could not recall any details but
that she did remember that GRANT had told her that ROTBLAT was com-
pletely in sympathy with the Russians; that he had no use for re-
ligion; and that he had marvelous ideas about the brotherhood of man.
C-RANT stated ROB&#39;ILAT has stated that he was going to stay at Los
Alamos until he got a little more information and that he would then
return to England. In England he intended to get a plane and bail
out over Russia and furnish the Russians sith all of the informa-
tion that he had concerning the Atomic Energy Program in England
and the United States .- -. » - &#39;
_ . 92 &#39;
Mrs. OBR!AII stated that she did not believe that  ,
had any sympathies for COmmun1Bm. She added that during the time
GRANT was associating with ROTBLAT, she has shown some interest
in Commmism but Mrs. O&#39;BRYAN attributed this to Rotblat&#39;s in-
fluence over her. She denounced any knowledge that GRANT has had &#39;
any desire to go to Russia after the war. She stated that to her
knowledge, GRANT has never heard from ROTBLAT after he left the -
hos Alanos Project. She stated that she had asked GRAN1 on several
occasions whether she had heard from R0&#39;I&#39;DI.AT and GRAB! always replied &#39;
in the negative. -O
Mrs. OBRY.".N continued that a short time after ROTBLAT
left the Los Alamos Project, ELSBETH GRANT had started running around
_. &#39;. -3.-_ _. TW.: . /&#39;~ 90 no 3I ° F &#39; 1
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with the artist group in Santa Fe and soon afterwards, met and marriedwneLLn¢__n_om.n%bo1?_§_1;_. She stated that c-mm and noesr now have three
ehiiai-en eied" e living at Route #1, Box 120-A, Carmel, California. .
She described WILLIAM HOWARD BOPST as a. "would be artist" and as _ -&#39;
"not much good." She added, however, that she hed no reason to question
BOPS.l?&#39;s loyalty to the United States. She explained that ELSBE&#39;1&#39;H 
GRANT had inherited a. large amount of money at about the time she _ &#39;,
married BOPST and it wee Mrs. O&#39;BRYAN&#39;s opinion that BOPB1 had married .
her merely for her money. . &#39; _. _ " 
Mrs. 0&#39;BRYAN advised that ELS]3ETH&#39;s mother had returned to
England to live with her son and that she bod heard recently that ._ 1- -
ELSBETH had gone or intendedto go to England to visit her mother tor _
several months. Mrs. -0BRIAN did not know the mother&#39;s address in England.
She stated that ELSBETH is now totally dent. . ,
_ -i-. *  L
By teletype dated March 22, 1950, the Boston,011ice advised 1
that s. photograph of JORDAN CARSON MARK had been exhibited to &#39; .&#39; - QR9??? as being possibly identical with unknown subject with q _&#39; el and etc. BEINEMAN stated that MARK looked "vaguely _   ;famil er. e noted that the Photograph of MARK which had been y &#39; ,
previously furnished by the Albuquerque Office showed MARK with a - . q-5mustache. He requested that a photograph of MARK reecting the &#39; &#39; "
lat-.ters_ profile, and if possible, a. tull view, surveillance type &#39; ~=
photograph be obtained. He further requested that if any photograph; _ n &#39; qexisted of mam: without a mustache, that such be exhibited to him. Illfiii-T
- Confidential Informant I!-3., of known reliability, advised _
that his office had no photograph of MAB! other than that previously &#39;
furnished to the Albuquerque Office. He stated that to his knowledge, &#39;
MARK has worn a mustache during-all oi the. time that _he he has been
employed at Los Alamose &#39; A &#39; &#39;  . -
» . I  ,. 92 &#39; &#39; 
. Two su:rvei1.1a.née photographs oi MARK were taken by the
writer on April 29, 1950, copies of- which were forwarded to the &#39;
Bureau and the New York and Boston Offices by letter dated May
2, 1950. . . . v &#39; - &#39; 4
V _ as
. Dy letter dated April 18, 19 the _Bureeu advised 1; . &#39; oConfidential Informant T-2 had advised hat in reference to FUCHS J &#39;
- - 1&#39; Us &#39;n < &#39;
eh-&#39; e bTOP£iT

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no 65-6 .
with hi8.I
According.to
Soviet contact in June, 19k
River. Later, on reference to a map} he stated this meeting occuyred
on Alameda Street on the north banhlcf the river between Castillo and
Delgado Streets. With reference to the meeting in the Fall of 19h5,
FUCHS first stated
a country road outsT SECRET
spionage
first stated that he met his
, on a quiet street along the Santa Fe
he picked up his contact in his  FUCHS&#39;! car on
id town and that he thereafter drove to a
lonely road and talked. er checking a map of Santa Fe, FUCHS
indicated he picked u s contact on Washington Avenue_Just below
e . Kearney Street and proceeded out Bishop&#39;s Lcdg
On the
Albuquerque Hrtels
forwarded to the Bureau
* Copies of the hotel registrotions for the following hotelsRoad
registering at
Omonth f June, l9h5, was obtained and
were made by the Agents indicated below: -
-Hotels &#39;
Alvarado Hotel
Hilton Hotel
El Fidel Hotel -
Courtesy Hotel
Elms Hotel _
Marion Hotel &#39;
Grand Central Hotel
Down Town Hotel
Sandie Hotel
Sturgess HotelChecked bl
SA PAUL L. UURRIS, end
SA GORDON-JECKSON
. SA&#39;B FINIS I. PARRISH and
THDMAS L. BRLNNICK
A&#39;s EDRR!.¬. PALMR and
THDMAS E. O&#39;CONNOR
SA DARWIN B. DARE
SA CARL W. SPIILEBS
1 SA CECIL E» JORDAN
u SA CARL W. SPILLERS
SA CECIL E. JORDAN
en WILTER c. ROGERS
SA HNBY L. MGCONNELL
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&#39; The following hotelsadvised that their records for June,
1915, had been destroyed or could not belocated. &#39;
&#39; &#39; Hotels &#39;- &#39;Che cked bl:
sA JOSEPH P. nosnnrr
_ sA In-:Nmr.L. McCONNELI.
Silva Hotel A- - . SA HENRY L. McCONNELL
Rowland Hotel - 9 . SA CARI. J. SPILLERS
Henrietta Hotel _ - SA CARL W, sP1LLERs
Cass. Grande Lodge  Open .Iu1y,19l+6! - ALLISON w. srmzm
Alamo Hotel sA ALLISON w. STABRINE
Angelus Hotel sA-AI.LIson w. STAHRINE
Chicago Hotel 92 &#39; sA ALLISON w. srnnnnm
Rio Grande Hotel  Formerly Vendone! sA WALTER c. noozms
Ranger Hotel _ &#39; SA WALTER C. HCGGERS
Occidental Hotel - . sA cncn. E. JORDAN
New Mexican Hotel SA CECIL E. JORDAN
Craig Hotel _ _ SA nmwm B. BARE
Elgin Hotel A sA n:-mwm B. BARE
Manhattan Hotel JAMES M. sum!
Liberty Hotel SA JAMES M. SMI_&#39;-I
Hudson Hotel SA JAMES M. SMITH
Kings Hotel . _ - S11 JAMES M. SMITH.Franciscan Hotel
Vera Hotel
By teletype dated Aparil 21+, _l950, the New York Office
advised that the employee&#39;s time cards of JA OBSON and Company,New York, New York, refl.ected that JOSEPH A§;RDHBINS, in addition to
other absences, startsd_ the first part of his vacation vith&#39;the
close of business Friday, July 13, 19|+5, and returned to work Monday
July 23, l9l+5. ROBBINS began the second part of his vacation with the
close of business Friday, August 21+, 1915, and returned to work on
the morning of Tuesday, September Y3, 1916." ___ &#39;- &#39;
- _ A It is pointed out that FUCHS stated that he had met his
contact in Santa Fe, New Mexico, in June of l9!-+5 and&#39;agai_n &#39;in the 
Fall 0119!!-5. Assuming that FUCHS may have been in error in stating
that he had met his contact in June, 19!-I-5, ROBBINS was on leave for
a sufficiently long period ottime to have traveled to Santa Fe, New
Mexico, from New York City in mid July, 1915 and again in the latter
part of August and the first part of September, 19145.
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~ Available hotel registration records in Santa Fe and_ Albuquerque, New Mexico, had previous y been checked tor a registra-. tioa £01-&#39;J&#39;0SEPE A. noanms on JOSEP%IOENS&#39;I&#39;RICH without locating _Q _re8_1ltration card under either of bless names." &#39; =  - &#39;; " 71*;
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_ _ On the theory that ROBBINS may have stayed at.,a hotel in -Santa Ia or Albuquerque, New Mexico, and registered under another- name, photographic copies or all available hotel registrations inAlbuquerque and Santa Fe, Heir Mexico, for the periods July 13, through, July 23, 1916, and August 25, through September h, 1915, were obtainedand forwarded to the Bureau r comparison irith known handwriting
. specimens of JOSEPH ARNOLD ROBBINS". &#39;= L A - - --.  _ 3 - . . 92,» . - . _ . . -. ,- 5 , _ ..,, &#39; _&#39;. .- -.. , &#39; - _" J - n
.., &#39;1 ra-. 1:. A. mama, ticket agent, Atchison, Topeka, and Santa- Fe Railroad, advied that there is no rail passenger service directly-_ to Santa Fe, New Mexico, but that rail passengers usually leave the V; p __trai.n at Lamy, New Mexico, and travel to Santa Fe hy_ special Santa Fe l- Bus.""He stated that his office had no record oi passengers to Santa&#39;_l&#39;ebu&#39;t suggested that such records or passengers to Law, Rev l_4exico,eon the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad might he maintained at. Chicago, Illinois. He suggeated that Mr. J. H. MATHIAS, Manager, "" Reservation and Information Bureau, Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe -Railroad," 180 East Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois, he contacted.He also advised that the Pu1.I.man Company in Chicago, might havesome
_&#39; &#39; information, concerning passengers__ to Lanny,-, New Mexico. . C
_ , _&#39; _   letter dated April 26, 1950, the Chicago Office was re-
, quested to-contact _MA&#39;1&#39;BIAS and the PUlJ.ma.n. Company, and that itpossible, a list-o&#39;£_-passengers to Santa Fe. or Lamy, Heir. Mexico, duringthe month of June, _191l§,be __obtained, _on the theory that-subject GOOSE may have taken a train to Lamp, New Merico,_- and a bus "from Lanny to Santa Fe, New Mexico, and may hev_&#39;e left the same way on  the same date without havi_ng_ registered at any hotel. in" Santa Fe, _ &#39;C " New Mexico, or vicinityg-&#39; -._.; &#39;_ _.   _ _.&#39;_ 1,,-&#39;= &#39;__ _ .. _ i . _ . . . .- ..5.
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BY t@l@t¥Pe date May 1, 1950, it was suggested that the
_ l Chicago Office check available Santa Fe Railway and Pullman Company -&#39;
.. recordé for travel by JOSEPH ARNOLD ROBBINS to Albuquerque, Lamy,
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LEADS
ms sm mmcxsco ormcn:
At Carmel, California - 
Will interview Mira. ELSBETH BOPST, nee C-BART, also known
as Mtg. HHLIAM HOWARD BOPST, -Route 1, Box 120-A, concerning her
association with JOSEPH R0&#39;I&#39;BLA&#39;1; will determine whether she had any
knowledge of the activities; of subject FUCHS. It will be noted
that Mrs. BOPST is totally deaf. " t
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aaandists tearlnl their hair at the
moment, the one because he or-.
t dered the hydren bomb built;
the other because it spearheaded
&#39; the inquiry Q11-eh led to the arrest
oiDr.KlauaI*uchs._~ .255;  _." _
i The Ruasian radio teed o on.11 the President and the 1&#39;-.__n. 1. as
&#39;1 the world awaited the answers to
the following questions yet to be
_&#39; answered in the Fuchs ease; ;&#39; --
&#39; Where om the 1". 11.1. at uh
lntormation which nut it on Dr.
 I"ueh.sn trail?  The I". 3.1. isn&#39;t
lie! that some one in the Canadian
r any case oi tour years ago supplied
theatip.!  ~ 1  .» &#39;_  -i -
 Exactly what information per-
tainin: to the atomic and hydro-
Ian bombs did Dr. rucha turn over
 to the Russians? &#39;_  British and
American aourees are mum on
that. Presumably America: atomic
scientists will be mronned so they
jean determine. ll to the hydrogen
_,- blm&#39;t1=111192ri¥..whether &#39;ihe-4
4
92tlhetween who carried the in1orma- F
tn
into lea1&#39;n_over_wh&#39;at&#39; the Amerlcani
scientists _tnow.9_.-,- i_r&#39;=  1
_ Did Dr. Fuchs operate al a lone;
wolf, care tor the help oi a go-.
tion to Russia?  Some Benatorij
think he did One oi them said:
_Ha_ was not the 1799 oi thief who
_ ad totateai the Pill! With inior-*
ation on it out 6! a&#39;la!e. "fie had
the knowledie to write the infor-
mation on  paper in the sate.!
If Dr. .l"ucha hid accomplices
among Arnerican. British and Ca-
nadian aeientiats, will that be dia-
cioaed?  The beat betia that it will
ii au1ci_ent.evidenee can be oh-
talned to-nail them.! §&#39;- J. 1 -
MmNWHH..E.i the _Ruaa1a_n. gropagamia drive an-inst the
I".B.I. aroused some amusement in
the bureau because it was ciearlyi
launched as a resultiot the bu-
reau: work in the Fuchs
and heeauae the
never once mentioned the arrest
or nr.   ,-5" &#39;1,;.< Z.
 me American aim in thaetreet
jwmu interested to leamwhat he
is au1iferinz" under the F.B.I., for
the R92l88ill1l&#39;llli1O declares: ~1--5; .1..I ¢
r-.--46&#39;
an oraanization tor. intimldatlrll
the&#39;U.B.,man in the street bi
means of all .101-ms oi Violence,
blackmail. terror and
meuurqfll _  ,_,-_ N I .2  ..._-:2:
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leoia slander oi the U.B.B.R.-," but
with no mention of Russia: action
in hirinl Britiah_arli_CI.l§l-d.il.h&#39;
scientists to steal atom.ie.leeI&#39;eiI,7
the radio reports: - ".- ,. ¬ .{,., . ."..-.$..i_ 1. _. .._>
the l".B.I.  the iailor of the;
population. flfhe head of thin or:
nnization is reeponaibie to the
;U.B. Preaidentand keel?! him iri-
itormed oi iuture plans and results
oi past activity. The hue boaaes
oi the I.&#39;B.I..Ahowevea&#39;, are the sixty
&#39;Aato Mr.&#39;rnr.man.theR.umim-
radio save that "broad uoctiona"_
of the American public felt indiir-_
nant upon leamind of the Presi
denta order to create a hldrolen
mum; the "broad muons, £116
Russian hroadcast.n_amee&#39;."&#39;1he
Daily Worker}: &#39;_&#39;the chairman oi_
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Name Ammn xomncmcx
Sex Mala
Race White
Birth 1/18/11 or 2/15/11
Height 5&#39;9"
Weight 20
Eyes Light Brown
Hair Blackwreceding
hairline, very thin
bald in spots1&#39; U.I
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Hhme JAMES LOUIS GINQEURG
S81 M518 _ _ 1Race White A
Born 3/29/04,Poatova,
Russia
Height 5&#39;8"
Weight 180 i
Eyes Brown
Hair Brown
C0mp1eI:L1ght .
Picture taken June I44
if"&#39;r;I92&#39; .
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ENCLOSL-R:Name= DR. ALBERT V| BLUMBEI-1G T 
Sexi MaleRae : White
Birth= B/10/06, Baltimore,
Md.
Heighti 5&#39; T
Height: 155-170#
Build: Mediumerect carriag
3yee= Brown
Hair: Dark Brown
complex: Medium
Taken in early 140.
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U. s. ATOMIC ENERGY_COMMISSIdN
.. _. aw 9, -195o_ - .s P  -   i-Ht:%£a;i-=.;".;.%  _.;=_;J92 - as. .
F. . as ~1zvwT. Preseng      r   S-1__ _,;91-st -.-92 _
&#39; &#39;_ Atomic Energy Comission: K ~- &#39; =+
Sumner T. Pike; Acting Chairman j
Gordon Dean, Commissioner .
Henry D. Smyth, Commissioner &#39;
I Thomas E. Murray, Commissioner -
. Atomic Energy-Staff:,   &#39;- P 1. T_&#39;;
A 92 Carroll L. Wilson, General Manager _ ;
C "L. R. Hafstad, Director, Division of Reactor _,&#39; _DeVelopment &#39; ., &#39; " &#39; ; C -
5- Joseph Volpe, Jr., General Counsel &#39; &#39;
Y Colonel Richard T. Coiner, Jr., Division of
% __Mi1itary Application A =&#39; 
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COMMSSIONER PIKE: I suppose our biggest news, the .
one that won&#39;t have to be dragged out of us, is that we
have our new Comissioner, Mr. Tom Murray, who arrived this&#39; morning. He is not completely and thoroughly legal yet, but
we have had him at work for about a half hour. _
Possibly he would like to tell you how Rome looks in
the spring time. - -
COMMISSIONER MURRAY: I don&#39;t think I have anythingparticular to say. As you well appreciate I am not familiarwith the problems and the projects that are confronting theCommission and I wonit have much to say until I have had
a chance to examine and look into the situation a little
more thoroughly. .
Rome in the spring time, however, in parentheses,
looks pretty good.= .
QUESTION: Did you-see any of the atomic installations
in Europe? 1 
commssxomsn MURRAY:&#39; No, sir. My one and only ob-
ect was to make a pilgrimage to Rome. That was the pri-
ary objective.
QUESTION: You mean in connection with the Holy Year?
: COMMISSIONER MURRAY: That-is right.
_ - COMISSIONER PIKE: I guess we are open for business,1 ""
_n boys. ,
ff; Qirssrxom What about the other sew Commissioner?
"&#39; wt commrsszonsn PIKE: Mr. "x": I
QUESTION: Dr. Bundesen by name. Has he been men-
ioned at all? _ .
" oomnssxomss 1=1rc1=:= 1 think he makes No. 1+3, as I -
remember. We have had a sort of running list of prominently
mentioned possibilities. I think he is in the early forties .
on that list. - - p A " &#39;. _
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QUESTION: You hear of these after they are published?
COMMISSIONER PIKE: Usually, or over the phone, some-
body says so and so over the radio. - - &#39;
&#39; QUESTION: Mr. Pike heard about this one before.
QUESTION: Mr. Pike, I understand that you have said
something, published in some of the papers, that you are
now receptive to reappointment. _
comnsszowsn PIKE: 1 don&#39;t&#39; remember that. I may
have talked in my sleep. _ _ .
QUESTION: This was at the chamber of commerce dinner,
as I got it. &#39;" I
COMISSIONER PIKE: I don&#39;t remember." &#39;
l
QUESTION: whet is your position new, as far as re-
appointment is concerned? e _
COMMISSIONER PIKE: I guess I had better wait until
I have been asked. I haven&#39;t any position.
QUESTION: Mr. Chairman, would you care to tell us
anything about the effect that this rider would have on 
the Atomic Energy Commission, the rider which would limit"
contractors fees? &#39;_
COMMISSIONER PIKE: We take this very seriously. I
can tell you about our feeling on the matter.
place, these contracts were entered into
at arms length in good faith with competent people. In my
own book, I speak with some emotion on this because I don&#39;t
want to be put in the position of repudiating a contract
which still has some time to run, while the contract has been
well carried out. " -In the first
- QUESTION: would that be one of the effects of the-
rider? - - I 1
COMMISSIONER PIKE: Yes. _When you say you are paying
a fellow so much and then you out his pay in half during therug of the contract I would say that would be an important
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QUESTION: Gould you break a contract by legislative
action?
COMISSIONER DEAN: They would probably recover in
a court of claims.
QUESTION: I should think they would.
COMISSIONER PIKE: This is the kind of thing that
could easily cause trouble in our typical method of doing
business with our contractors. As you know, most of our
large operating contracts are the sort of thing that you
absolutely can not describe in detail in advance. You can
not put it out for lump-sum bidding on the basis of detailed
specifications at Oak Ridge itself, which the Union Carbide
operates at an annual fee above cost. 2 .2 . .. 7 . ,  . &#39; -_&#39;.~,
After having vorked~out a contract, if the committee
can come up and by_legislation, in effect, repudiate that .
contract, it certainly is going to lead to trouble in nego-
tiations. I really think this particular group of contracts
goes to a misunderstanding on the part of the Appropriations.
Committee. They seem to relate this to municipal operation.
If you look at last Friday&#39;s set-to in the House you
will note that they feel that this is too_mch to pay for
a "city manager." ,Apparently what we failed to explain
to them is that this is a great deal more than a&#39;bity manager
contract. &#39; .
" The municipal functions are included at both Oak
Ridge and_Los Alamos. But at Oak Ridge we also have a real
estate management job which is much larger than the muni-
cipal job. A great many million dollars worth of homes
are there, all of which have to be maintained and serviced,
plus the collection of rent. ..&#39;~~ &#39;Q»~f -It -
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responsible for their repair and general up-keep. -
This is a function that you are all familiar with in" *
most cities where real estate companies charge a proportion
of the rents collected or a proportion of the capital amount
managed. gThey get a fee for it. The same thing goes for
the comercial buildings. &#39;_
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At Los Alamos it is even more troublesome in that
besides handling the living and shopping areas the group
&#39; there is charged with complete servicing of our technical
and laboratory areas which, of course, are intimately con- &#39;
nected with weapon research and experimentation.
Apparently, despite some really terrific effort, we
have been unable to explain that situation. The effect
could be extremely serious. . _ "
&#39; If I thought these fellows were being over-paid
the first sign that I would expect would be to have willing
contractors hanging around the building knowing that these
contracts run out, some at the end of this year and some
about June l95l, saying, "we want to be in line for the
next one." To the best of my knowledge no contractor has =
ever shown up saying that he wanted to be considered for7 the contracts as they are now, let alone at a cut fee.
I am afraid of what
into effect. The presentrefuse to serve or they will serve out their time and sue
in the Court of Claims for their deficiency in payment. &#39;
At the end of that time those communities have got
to run. They are set up as auxiliaries of perhaps the
most important plants in this country, and they have got
to be considered as plant facilities. The towns wouldn&#39;t
be there unless the plants were there._ If the plants were
taken away tomorrow it is reasonably probable that the towns
» would disappear in a fairly short time. -will happen if this rider goes
contractors, of course, will either _.
I
It is part of the arrangement to get good people, to
keep them there, under reasonably good circumstances, so
that they can bring up their families in surroundings as -
similar as possible to university and metropolitan towns
where they ordinarily live. .. -
QUESTION: Mr. Pike, just to help us: would any of
your staff have the wording of that rider here? _
1 comnzssxomsn PIKE: I am sure it can be made available
in two or three minutes. _
QUESTION: What have you to say as to the criticism&#39;_
of the transportation company payments at Oak Ridge?
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COMISSIONER PIKE: Frankly, I believe, when you ask
a fellow to do a piece of business, he is going to expect
to ask a profit on that. It may be a profit on capital
in a lump sum, or a saving in operation. -
This sort of thing, you can&#39;t describe it or specify
it well enough to make it a lump sum job. I think a man
is entitled to a profit,to payment for his management.
Remember, these people who operate for us, while the
corporations are set up particularly for the job, are .
people who -- in the case of R0aneAnders0n, which operates
at Oak Ridge, a subsidiary of Turner Construction Company,
of New York -- have some of their best men on this Job,
some full-time, some part-time. That company claims -- and
I see no reason to doubt their claim -- that they could put¬hese_peop1e on other jobs and make more money on their e
In the case bf the transportation company, as I
remember it, that fee is not_entire1y gross profit. I
remember that out of $90,000 paid to them for their fee,
about $45,000 is taken up by salaries which the company
itself peys._ In the other contracts I believe they are
completely reimbursed, so that the fees are net.
QUESTION: I don&#39;t understand what you mean when you
say the company pays $H5,000. Am I right that that is
money the government pays the company and the company pays it
on to their employees? _ - . »
92
COMMSSIONER PIKE: It is paying several people out&#39; e
of the fees, whereas in other cases the whole salaries are
reimbursed and the fee is in addition. However, I had-
better not talk off the cuff on that. This is a matter
where you would have to go into the details of the appro-
priations hearing to make absolutely sure. _
QUESTION: &#39;As I remember the debate up there Friday,$90,000 -- , ¢ ~ _ &#39; .
COMMISSIONER PIKE: $90,000 was the gross fee. As I
remember, in the case of the transportation company, out
of its fee it pays several of the people who are on the
Job, and I think that takes up about half of it. I believephat the profit part of the fee is about half of the total
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I will read from page 265 of House Resolution 7786,Report No. 1797, on union calendar 696, 81st Congress, 2ndSession, 21 March 1950: 4 &#39;
"Provided further that no part of the -
foregoing appropriations of contract authori-
zation shall be used in connection with the
payment of any contractor or firm of contractors
engaged under a cost-plusfixed-fee contract or
- contracts at any installation of the Commission
where the fee for community management is at a
rate in excess of $90,000 per annum, or for the
operation of the transportation system where the
fee is in excess of $45,000 per annum."
In effect, the fee for management -- and remember _
this - I think here is where the misunderstanding is: 1
They say "community management". I think they must stillthink that this is almost entirely municipal function.
But let&#39;s pass that.
- I The present fee is $180,000 at Oak Ridge.- At Los .
Alamos it is 170-some thousand dollars, I believe.
MB. TRAPNELL: $154,000 at L05 Alamos.
. COMESSIONER PIKE: -Those are both limited to $90,000.
QUESTION: While we are on that, is my memory right
that at Hanford it is $1 a year? ..
ACOMISSIONER PIKE:
tracts for operation of
in the same one. It is
overhead allowance which
- at the expiration of the
- QUESTION: I thinkI don&#39;t believe so. All the con-
the plant and the municipality are
a no-net-profit contract with_an
will be worked out by auditors
contract. r g ~f 7 .e
that was stated in the House Friday.-
COMISSIONER PIKE!That is practically it, but the
. comunity end is part of the whole operation. There is noseparate community contract at Hanford. . &#39; - |5:- I
We are afraid this will run into government operation
which, as near as we could estimate, would cost at least a 1
million dollars more than operation through private contractors.~
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QUESTION: Is that a million dollars a year total or
a million for each?
COMISSIONER PIKE: I can&#39;t say exactly. I would say
it is conservative to say it would cost a million dollars 
total, plus -# the thing that always worries me -- the almost
certain empire building bureaucracy that could go on under
that kind of thing in direct government Operation. Once _
you get into government operation then you have the pension
schemes, the whole business of leave provisions, and you
_ would have the matter of the clearances, which would be
a tremendous initial expense. -- Some of the people at
Oak Ridge never get within 8 or 10 miles of the plant.
The clearance procedure would be required
direct Commission employees, which is not
tractors employees, not having
It would be pretty expensive.
, &#39; QUESTION: A couldn&#39;t &#39;11: be
corporation? :
COMMISSIONER PIKE: Maybe
me how that would be any better
tion I will eat it. I think itaccess to
done by a
it could.if they became
required as con-
restricted data.
separate government
If you could tell
than separate private 0pera&#39;
_ could, probably, but remem-
ber this: Those communities are plant auxiliaries. Unless
those communities are so considered, as auxiliary and second-
ary to the operation of those plants, which are extremely
important to the welfare of this country, you miss the point
completely: that everything in those communities must be
subordinate and tied into the proper operation of those
plants. That is the only reason for the communities exist-
ence, so to consider them off by themselves, it seems to- . me, is a cardinal error, and it may be the error that the
House Appropriations Comittee has made;
QOESTION: Mr. Pike, in view of some recent announce-
ments on the reshuffling of the program, I don&#39;t understand
what the state of the reactor development program is, or what
the current plans are, and how they have been changed. -
I wonder if someone could give me-a brief review of
in what ways it_has been changed. . what it is now_and
COMMISSIONER
can give it to you
e date. I have been
92PIKE: Dr. Hafstad is here. I think he
more accurately and probably more up to
awayffor a day.
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DR. HAFSTAD:_ The only one that has been changed
appreciably since you last heard about it is the Schenectady
operation. There has been a news release on that, as you
know. Naming the reasons for the shift given, there are =
the increased work load for the Commission as a whole, and &#39;
the fact that we needed additional help from the G.E. Company
to carry on their heavy responsibilities at Hanford. That
has already been released. I think there is nothing to add .
to that particular_statement. If you could ask a few more
specific questions, maybe I can find out what is bothering
you.. . I _- i
QUESTION: As regards this ship or submarine reactor,
I take it it is not contemplated that that would be a .
breeder type -é that is; it will be a consumer?
DR. HAFSTAD: I believe it has been released before, -
but the G.E. Company was carrying on, simultaneously withthe intermediate power breeder, a study on a naval ship re-
ac or. . 
QUESTION: Is there any less emphasis now.-- or is_
there any less emphasis foreseen -- on the development of
industrial power from atomic energy than was the case nine
months ago, before the Russian announcement?
DR. HAFSTaD:_ I would say not. Any power reactor is
a step in the direction of useful civilian power as well
as military power. One could argue that a submarine reactor,
specifically designed to produce really large amounts of _
power, would be at least as large a step in the direction
of civilian power as the breeder. ; .&#39;".; -. r .
We have always said that the breeding was a long-term
effort, looking far into the future and touching upon the
long-term supply of fissionable material. So we are still
interested in breeding; we are still interested in the long-
term application of atomic energy to civilian power.
. 3,  &#39; 
QUESTION: Will there be as mch research emphasis on
that, say in the next two years, as you planned to put onit one.year ago? I 1 _ - ~_ -
DR. HAFSTAD: I think the important point here is that
the nation as a whole is short of the kind of manpower that
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 we need in these atomic energy developments. we just _
haven&#39;t got the manpower to do all of these things simul-
taneously. - - . N . *-
&#39; What the Commission has done is to look over the needs
" _and the priorities, and the assignments are made essentially
in accord and with the priorities as they appear to the .
Commission. The answer to your question is No: you can&#39;t ;
do all of these_things simultaneously. 
- QUESTION: Therefore, do I correctly infer that there _-
is less manpower and effort currently in your projected
plans going into industrial development than you foresaw
a year ago? I _ "
DR. HAFSTAD: It depends on just how you interpret
industrial development. I would say the intermediate power
breeder -- which I have referred to many times as being
-our direct attack pn that particular job, since it is
used for power and breeding -- has been delayed for various
reasons, and in this sense I think your statement is .
correct: there is less effort on that particular result. <
QUESTION: What are these various reasons -- the ones
- you outlined previously? You.say intermediate power has
. been delayed for various reasons. g _ &#39;_.
. - - , .
DR. HAFSTAD: I refer to the news release of April 14.
hi QUESTION: Is there a target date on the development of
as p-Q _;&#39;-kl: _  - &#39; _ --
&#39; DR. HAFSTAD: No. That schedule has not yet been
worked out. - -
&#39;11_____13T______1____._L----&#39;?"&#39;"7""&#39;"&#39;7f"f&#39;""""""f:-ff" I f ESTION Mr. Pike, it has been suggested, in connec
tion with the Fuchs case, that some pressure was brought to-
bear on the British authorities to permit the F.B.I. to
interrogate Fuchs in prison, and if such permission were
not given the exchange of information would be jeopardized.
&#39; would you say anything about that? -
 COMISSIONER PIKE: I have never heard it put quite _
that way. As a matter of fact, what I know about it largely
comes from.the newspapers, and a good deal of that is self-
contradictory. _As I catch it, it is pretty obvious that aH  more! l A &#39;
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man, say in a continuous course of treason running over
6, 7, or maybe 8 or 9. Fears -- it is probable that a &#39;
fellow couldn&#39;t, even with the best will in the world, con-
fess it all in an interview or two. I suppose it is equally.
obvious that, with the fellow having apparently some little
time on his hands in the future, he might be in a position
to think of things that he hadn&#39;t brought up before. &#39;
I would suggest that it would be perfectly normal
that we would like to know any additional thoughts that
might come to him under those circumstances. I don&#39;t know
of any such rough and tumble argument as that. As I catch -
it, we hare recently been 4- I say "we": we are not in
the investigating business, thank goodness. I think there
was a piece in the paper last week that the F.B.I. was to
be allowed to talk to him. It sounds a little unusual to me,
as though it may be off-brand of any kind of jurisprudence.
to let representatives of another country go into a man&#39;s
cell and talk to him. I would suppose it took some doing.
I don&#39;t know. I am speculating, as you would.
QUESTION: The main point was whether or not any - Q
pressure had been brought to bear on the British authorities
in connection with the supply of atomic information if they
refused permission to permit interrogation.
COMMSSIONER PIKE: I don&#39;t think so. I would think
not. That sounds pretty far-fetched to_me.&#39; j - _ l _ in H W _, 7_¥___;.:-_ in no-1, __ |,__,-|-u|wlIl~_ _
QUESTION: Mr. Pike, in the recent semi-annual report
of the Defense Department it was indicated that there are
new types of atomic weapons and that those weapons are being
applied in new ways. Can you describe or tell us something
about the tactical use of atomic weapons? , -
&#39; COMMISSIONER PIKE: I think that is a thing
should be commented on by the boys who brought it out.
We are manufacturers, not users. &#39; _ -that -
QUESTION: The AEC is the primary source of information
of that sort. . . ~ s
COMISSIONER PIKE: It didn&#39;t seem so recently. You
didnt read that in our reports.
" QUESTION: was that report cleared with the AEG before
it was released? . .
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OOMISSIONER PIKE: I don&#39;t think they have to do that
QUESTION: They give us the impression over there that
any time we ask questions about atomic energy we are always
referred to the Atomic Energy Commission. And they tell
us that everything they do must first come or be approved
over here.  &#39; &#39;
, .
OOMISSIONER PIKE: I don&#39;t know. Maybe somebody
else can answer that. I&#39;m left completely blank. But I
really think that obviously, as you know, the way the.law
sets it DP. we dream up some of these gadgets and do research,
and experimentation work, and work very closely with the
military. Under the.Act on Presidential authorization it .
can be turned over to them. But they are the users. They
are the tactical and strategic end. They are the_boys who
made this announcement. As to whether it is cleared with "
us, I haven&#39;t the slightest idea. I don&#39;t know what thetechnique is. 5 - -
QUESTION: Could we find out about that? e
COMMISSIONER PIKE:. I guess so. But you really ought
to go to the fellows who made the announcement. It seems
to me if they made the announcement public they might say,"
"That is all we care to say." They may be the fellows,
it seems to me, who should elaborate their own statement.
QUESTION: Did they overstep their authority in making
such announcements? &#39;
:COMMISSIONER PIKE: I&#39;m no authority on that, either.
QUESTION: By your own words you imply that you knew
nothing about it, and that you were somewhat surprised to
see the material that appeared in print. ~ .
OOMISSIONER PIKE: I don!t know whether you are right
in drawing that implication or not. . _ _ -
QUESTION: Are they not bound by the same restrictions
under the Act in releasing information regarding atomic. &#39;
. weapons? _ e  .
COMMISSIONER PIKE: I suppose so. Now you are getting
me into a lawyer&#39;s function. Joe Volpe maybe can help on
that. I&#39;m not a lawyer. - . » y92 .
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MB. VOLPE: The Act applies to everyone.
COMMISSIONER PIKE: Including you. _ _
&#39; ouEsr1on=&#39; Mr. Volpe, did they, in your opinion,
overstep their authority in that regard? _.
&#39; MR. VOLPE: Whether they overstepped their authoritydepends on what information could be released or should bereleased on weapons._ I just don&#39;t know anything about that-
QUESTION: Who does? I &#39; .
M..VOLPE: 1 really don&#39;t know whether they clearedthis with the Comission. There is a representative here
from the Division of Military Application who might be able
to answer that. &#39; ._ _ ___ H I
&#39; COLONEL cornea: I eshft answer that.
QUESTION: Isn&#39;t this the first time that any informa-
tion on atomic weapons has come from a source other than _
the Commission? _ _.
COMMISSIONER PIKE: Oh, no.- I have a vague memory of
previous annual reports -- maybe semiannual reports ofDefense -- which have said somthing. I would have to get.
them out to refresh my memory on that. It does seem to me
that we not being the users, aren&#39;t the proper fellows to &#39;
comment on that kind of statement which definitely spoke
of methods of use. _., -_, _, __q,, _ _»_yr. &#39; *0.-..--. . .~ .. ._ A,
QUESTION: Mr. Pike; can you or anyone comment onAdmiral Sherman&#39;s testimony before the House Armed Services
Committee which indicated; according to Harold Hintonfsstory, that he expected an atomic-powered submarine in -&#39;-1952? It seems to me that that is somthing that is within
your purview. _
COMMISSIONER PIKE: I would guess he sounded to me
like a little bit of an optimist. y ,
QUESTION: &#39;How much Of an Optimist? &#39; &#39;
_OOMISSIONER PIKE: That I don&#39;t hnow.
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QUESTION: Mr. Pike, I would like to go back to the
Dr. Fuchs thing for a moment. At the time that Dave -
Lilienthal left the Commission, one of your own security _
officers expressed the very warmest interest in questioning
Dr. Fuchs, and rather warm resentment that American represents
tives had not been permitted to_question him. Was he talking
out of turn? We have two impressions here, one of legal ,-
. arms-length business and then privately a situation of -
considerable anxiety to, as I get the expression, to beat _
it out of him. a _~ -- . _
COMMISSIONER PIKE: Was this made in a press conference?
I.take it not. - . &#39; . -
QUESTION: No, it wasn&#39;t. -
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OOMISSIONER PIKE: I can understand both attitudes.
~W The bird-dog, the investigator, the man who really wants
I to tie a case up -L I don&#39;t know if you have ever worked
A a police beat, but you are pretty familiar with the tendency
* in some of the investigative groups to sort of take short _
w cuts and not touch second and third possibly when they want
V to get some dope. I would say that that would be almost 
J, a normal attitude, a little over-stressed, the way you;
,* quoted it. _ .
QUESTION:&#39; Also on a police beat you note certain 
l differences between the official and actual attitudes. I
 am wondering whether there weren&#39;t two attitudes in this
case. - _ &#39;
- - &#39; . A . 1
* _, COMMISSIONER PIKE: That is what I am trying to get
 I at. Normally a fellow who wants to do a job is inclined
to be ahlittle impatient with the legal and customary
restrictions, whereas the fellows, let&#39;s saygwho perhaps ,
think ahead of the_particular job to be done are more-apt
s to be willing to go through channels and recognize diffi-
culties and let&#39;s say protocol to be observed. I would-
think it would be perfectly normal. I don&#39;t know what in
. stance you are referring to. But this seems to me to re-
» flect the difference in jobs&#39;that people hare_to do." I &#39;
I t remember we had on the SEC, in hunting around on security
violations, some of the boys over there who were a little
impatient about the necessity for going up and getting warrants and so forth. I remember one case where a fellow ~
Just went in and visited an office, one of our clients,k
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l t and he was just going in there as anybody had a e s sayright to do to inquire about a security investment. One
of the partners saw him coming and wasn&#39;t quite sure what
k t ilet window he came for. He_went out through the bac o _
and went down three stories,_tc the considerable detriment
of all concerned. "
I personally was quite impatient with that investigative
group. I think that is very likely Vh&t_h&pp6n8d here.
QUESTION£ Is the Atomic Energy Commission interested _ g
in participating in the questioning of Fuchs? _ _ i
I commrsszounn PIKE: I don&#39;t think so. We are certainly
interested in the results. V _
_ QUESTION: You are not interested in having anyone
attached to the Commission participate in the questioning?
commxssxonnn PIKE: I don&#39;t think that is our function.
By statute investigation matters are handled by the FBI,
where you have an investigative unit already set up. _ _
QUESTION: _I§ the FBI competent ti get thg_full meaningrqut&#39;of whatgyer testim6nyjFuchs might g ve them
7 COMISSIONER PIKE: I would think they would realize
any place where they were not completely competent, and &#39;
would probably get briefed on it.
&#39; QUESTION: Do you have anybody over there now with the
FBI people?! ._ - - &#39; . . -¢ .: -»- , ..;- - zn-
COMMISSIONER PIKE: I don&#39;t know; frankly. If I did,.
&#39; I probably should not want to say. If there was a fellow &#39;
there I wouldn&#39;t like to say-that. " -- - . V
k H : to nail down def e y thisQUESTION I would like g
weapons thing. Are we to understand that the Commission does
not know whether or not the military have overstepped their
authority in making these announcements regarding atomic
weapons? i .
u COMISSIONER PIKE: Frankly, I wasn&#39;t prepared; I had
not looked into this, really. I don&#39;t suppose he did. Cer-
tainly we would be the_first ones to holler here. I don&#39;t
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believe we have done any hollering. All I am saying is -
that what they are talking about there is use, and use is
their business, and they are the ones who could legitimately
comment on it. I don&#39;t believe they overstepped their bounds
QUESTION: Aren&#39;t you fully aware of the use for which
you are making these weapons? -
COMISBIONER PIKE: In general, yes, but in complete
detail, probably not. I could think, for instance, of manu--
facturers of shells. They might know, in general. whether
they are doing something for complete armor-piercing or for &#39;
personnel, or for certain kinds of - pt it this way: ,the
man who makes shells might not know exactly the kind of fuse
to be put into the nose of the thing, which might be for a
different purpose. You would certainly have an idea, in
general, but you wouldn&#39;t have the competence of comment that
the fellow who was going to use them and who put in the order
for them would hams.
&#39; QUESTION: You mean that you can make atomic weapons
and they can apply some other gadget to it -5,  -
COMMISSIONER PIKE: I don&#39;t know. That carries a sort
of over-inference. But certainly I would not say that here
is this atomic weapon, and we have orders.to turn it over,
and that we would then know exactly what it was going to be .
used for and why. I would think our province stopped right
there. " .
QUESTION: Mr. Pike, can you tell us whether any atomic
weapons have been turned over to_the military? 
COMMISSIONER PIKE: I can&#39;t, I am sorry. -, A
QUESTION:&#39; The military spoke of a variety of atomic
weapons. Are you making a variety of atomic weapons?
OOMISSIONER PIKE: If you will let me stop right there
I will say Yes. I can&#39;t comment any further. -
QUESTION: This has been going on for some time, and
nobody has yet mentioned the hydrogen bomb. l. .5
&#39; COMMISSIONER PIKE: This is a record of some kind.
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- QUESTION: Ever since Dr. Bacher made his famous speech
there has been a new kind of speculation going on. One is that
we are not making any determined effort to develop the thing, .
&#39; _ that it is still research and drawing~board stuff. Would you
say we are making adetermined effort to develop it?I &#39;  -
. COMMISSIONER PIKE: This is one of the most difficult _
things, I think you will appreciate, to comment on in such .-
a way that it will be informative to us and not informative
to somebody else. I do think that comments on scale and rate
of effort are completely off the reservation.. .
QUESTION: Can you answer this question, Mr. Pike, in
connection with the hydrogen bomb: Do you have any rough -
estimates as to how much of that work is going to be done
directly by the Commission, or Commission installations, and
how much will be farmed out to industry? would it be a v
50-50 proposition, or 90-10? .
~ COMMISSIONER=PIKE: or course, as you know, in one way
this is all farmed out, in the sense that it is contracted. &#39;
_ , 1
QUESTION: I am exempting the contractors like G. E. Y
and the universities, and that sort of thing. What about the
little machine tool outfit in Hartford, Connecticut? will -
they make any special screws_for it? That is what I amB-to &#39; _. - &#39; - - &#39;
COMMISSIONER PIKE:_ I don&#39;t believe I had better go _
into that. In the first place, I probably don&#39;t know very I
much at this point. _ _ N , . &#39; _
" QUESTION: Mr. Pike, you say that cements on rate and
scale are completely off the reservation. Could you say, tn
general, whether or not progress is being made toward thedevelopment of the hydrogen bomb? " "  " ;
&#39; COMMISSIONER PIKE: I think that is right in the laps
of the gods. If you had said "efforts" I could answer Yes, _
but the answer to the question about progress will probably
_o be given when one goes bang or doesn&#39;t. _ - E
QUESTION: Mr. Pike, can you tell us whether the tests
on Eniwetok have been held yet, or when they will be?_ Y _ J E,_ COMMISSIONER PIKE: NO, sir. _ &#39;k E
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&#39; QUESTION: They have not been held yet?
= COMISSIONER PIKE: I answered your question exact1y.&#39;,
I can&#39;t tell you about either of them. &#39; .
I QUESTION: Mr. Pike, will the ousting of Joliot Curie
in France, as far as you people are concerned, have any
effect on our atomic relations with the French?
COMMISSIONER PIKE: We are not a State Department. I
am afraid I would have to go off the record here. Let me "
take one sentence off the record with you. I don&#39;t think
it will bother you any. _ &#39; . _
QUESTION: Mr. Pike, could you say whether or not any-
British scientists have been consulted about the development
of the hydrogen bomb?.¢ _ &#39; ." &#39;
_ .GOMISSIONER;PIKE: I dOn&#39;t believe I could, really.
QUESTION: Is there any comment from the Commission on &#39;
this -¢ what I think is the most recently proposed amendment" ." ,
to the atomic energy act, the one which takes care of Mr.
Wilson&#39;s term, the patent section, salaries? I assume you
are for the salary provision;
COMMISSIONER PIKE: I look favorably on any salary
increase that involves me, of course. We did not dream that
one up. We did bring up the item on the patent thing, be;
cause it is a sort of technicality there that everybody
realizes ought to be cleared. &#39; , . .. . - ~. . .. ._~< . . -- -. :
QUESTION: You have already testified on that, I under- - _ &#39;  . . &#39; "  &#39;. *
.  COMISSIONER PIKE: I think we have, yes. We brought &#39;7
it up and we are in favor of it. The other one: I don&#39;tknow whether it is fitting for me to comment on it or not.
&#39; QUESTION: I assume the Joint Committee, sometime or
other, will ask the Commission to appear and testify on that. -;
oomusszommz PIKE: One would hope so. &#39; &#39; -&#39; 5 &#39; -
QUESTION: I am trying to anticipate.O
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&#39; COMMISSIONER PIKE: There is one point: -- I guess I
will say it -- I don&#39;t like very much the ides of less than
60 days before the date of changing the term of the General .
Manager from an indefinite term to a out-off date at the end =
of June -- it may have been an oversight -- but it strikes
me as being definitely bad in theory, and very very bad
in practice. s
_ QUESTION: What is that?&#39; I missed it; I am sorry. .
COMMISSIONER PIKE: This p111 that was put in two or _
three weeks ago provides for three things: ! to clear
patent technicalities for people on the General Advisory Com-
mittee; the other one, to give us a lot more money -- gross
anager from a sort of indefinite to a three-year term, with
the present term ending June 3O of this year. This I think
is pretty bad. I &#39;Wt least ; and the other one to change the term of the General
COMMISSIONERLDEAN: They all end on June 30.
COMISSIONER PIKE: That is true, but we knew it 23 months
ago. This bill would mean a real change in the law. &#39;
- QUESTION: Has the Commission taken a vote on the issue _
of that particular part of the bill? &#39; s. -
COMMISSIONER PIKE: I don&#39;t think it has. This is just
a personal reaction of my own. I talked off the cuff there.
QUESTION: Mr. ?ike, I noticed the release here for
Friday, April 14, in connection with the submarine unit.
Your remarks about that earlier, I assume, can be released
now -- not this release but what you said about submarine
propulsion is for release now? I am.sorry; I am a month off.
COMMISSIONER PIKE: On the question of consulting on
the hydrogen bomb, obviously_ve haven&#39;t consulted with the
British on-this matter of the hydrogen bomb. Frankly, I was
probably being e little bit cagey on that. But you know &#39;
under this present Act we have not. &#39; I
QUESTION: Why do you say "obviously he haven&#39;t?"  -
COMMISSIONER PIKE: Because you will remember,the agree-I
ment last year between us, the State Department, Defense, the,
Joint Committee and so forth, that we would go no farther than
the existing arrangements in interchanging information withoutcomplete agreement. ~» = _ &#39; t -

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QUESTION: would it be considered interchanging in-
. formation if you tried to milk a British scientist of some-
thing that he might know
&#39; COMMISSIONER PIKE:that would help you?
I don&#39;t know. I am.not a member of
the scientific fraternity. I _
QUESTION: If you gave a cigarette in return or some- _-
thing like that? _ .  _
o COMMISSIONER PIKE: There was a time when you could say
that if you had three or
or four bottles of beer,
new bomb come out of the
and drink beer, I guess.
QUESTION: Getting
speech last night -- andfour scientists and you had three
you either had a new reactor or a_ .
evening. Scientists like to talk
back to ship reactors, you made a_
I read a news item which quoted you _
as saying that first land-based prototypes will be completed-
this year. I ;
COMISSIONER PIKE: That was bad reporting. I didn&#39;t
say that, although I hate to say I was misquoted. You mean _
when I was talking at Greensboro, North Carolina?
QUESTION: Yes . 
COMMISSIONER PIKE: What I did say is that we hoped
construction on one of them might start late this year or -
early next, and that the other one would probably be some-
what slower, and that construction on it would be completed
in a year to 18 months after we started. 3,. ;,_-H ;_ _s
QUESTION: I thought that was probably it.
; - COMMISSIONER PIKE:
a little bit. &#39; , .
QUESTION: Mr. Pike, is there
the Commission or on the Hill about
mission itself to eitheroperations? &#39; &#39;
&#39; . &#39; OOMISSIONER PIKE:<..._... .The boy who was reporting that had ._
a terribly tough deadline and ran out before I got through
with my line of mixed corn and ham, so perhaps he was hurried
._&#39; ,-A. . ._-_ .
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reorganizing the Com
it or simplify its _ streamline
I don&#39;t know. I think perhaps the._,
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is not in our hands. Then perhaps we ought to have some .
life to look forward to. We have seven weeks, I think, now,
before our terms run out. - ,
Certainly the boys may be dreaming up some overall
recomendationaa I don&#39;t know about them. I suggest that
no such thing as that is going on.
QUESTION: Mr. Pike, what will the Commission&#39;s atti-
tude be if the United Electrical Workers wins the bargaining
elections, that is, become bargaining agents at the GE plants
of the Commission. ~
COMISSIONER PIKE:&#39; Just what it has been. They can&#39;t
have any organization in the area where we operate, and they
can exercise no disciplinary action over our employees. That
doesn&#39;t mean, as you know, that a UE member can not work ~
there, after he has been investigated and has a thoroughciearence, but there can be no union organization within that
s op. &#39; &#39;
- QUESTION: You mean no union at all? _ - _
COMMISSIONER PIKE: I mean no UE. That was your ques-
tion, I believe. . I
QUESTION: Yes, 11: was. .&#39; &#39; &#39;
QUESTION: Mr. Pike, on the variety of weapons, you
asked to stop there. There is one question. Disregarding
the possible use of radio-active materials, could you say
whether there is any atomic weapon that is not correctly
described as a bomb? . ~ 92 .
-COMISSIONER PIKE: I don&#39;t think I can. The_minute we
get over in the other fellow&#39;s territory - no, I don&#39;t .
think I had better. -What worries me is that _in the last
several months, since the television leak, if you want to
describe it as that, there has been a great tendency to talk
more and more, of getting.closer to the techniques of weapons.
We have to remember that.the weapons use and so forth
range in the top-most of top secret just as the rate and H
scale and stockpile and so forth. So long as that is the
attitude, I had better not talk about it. _ .
QUESTION£ In view of the fact that just about a year
ego there was considerable talk in the Commission that a
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large part of its staff was tied up on the Hill instead of
making bombs, can you tell us whether the production is better
today than it was a year ago? _ -  _
GOMISSIONER PIKE: Frankly, I felt pretty proud of this
organization. After_two or three months of pulling the
staff hack and_forth from here to the Hill and from the out-
lying centers to Washington and back again, so that they were.obviously disturbed, I_see no tangible effort of a letdown. -
I think it is a surprisingly good organization. I used to have
to appraise corporate organizations for investment purposesand I have seen many a corporate organization that had 25 or 5°
years to build up that couldn&#39;t have stood up as well under a
series of troublesome incidents like that, as this one has.
I had better not do any measuring, but the effect, the
deleterious effects are nowhere near what a vivid imagination,
even my own limited imagination, would hare expected. I went .
around in the fall with the idea of sort of patting people
on.the back and lending my shoulder for a little crying spell
here and there in case anything like that would be going on."
I had only been out three or four days until I found that the
boys were needling me, trying to cheer me up. So I thought I
that I need not have taken the trip. It was very, very en-
couraging. This is a good operating organisation.
QUESTION: Do I gather from that that there was no im- -
portant or appreciable sag in your operations? &#39;
commsszonss PIKE: _ That is the way 11: seems to me. I &#39;
think it is very, very good. _- g &#39;
QUESTION: Mr. Pike, has it ever occurred to the
organization to make an estimate of what it would look like
or how much it would cost per year if we were not making .
atomic weapons? .=w¢:,i¢&#39; ~<;ag;;~w»-¢s~;a Ha<...w, Y -I. . is -- . .. - - 0
COMMISSIONER PIKE: No, I don&#39;t believe that would be
very fruitful. If you look at our budget figures, you will_
find that our principal expense is in making rissionsble 1&#39;
material. My own guess is that we would be making fissionable
material for future power use anyway. And as you know, the
swing from one to the other and back again is always perfectly
feasible. Obviously, there would be some things directly ap-
plied to weapon gadgetry that_would not be spent, but it
wouldn&#39;t be anywhere near the large proportion a fellow would
think. It is one of those iffy questions that would bother
. "1,&#39; . . . . "- mpre! _.s ,, . . &#39; l

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the deuce out of me. An almost completely different
atmosphere would have to obtain in order for that to be
a serious question. I have real trouble in putting myself -
in that frame of mind.
QUESTION: Since there seems to be no industrial in-
terest in the Production of atomic power, and --
COMSSIONER PIKE: I think that is a false premise.
You might be interested, for instance: Several of us were
with a group of industrial research people in Westchester .
County two or three weeks ago. I think there were about 120 i
representatives of our foremost American companies which have~
research laboratories from medium-sizeto very b18- , A
During one of the talks, one of the members of this _
group said, "Two years_ago, I think it was, we were together,
and of the 100 and some of-us here only three of us were
making any use of atomic energy. I would like to know how
many now are making any use of it." About 55 or 60 hands
went up. &#39; -
Of course, this referred more particularly to the use -
of radioactive isotopes, the elements, the atoms. But the
interest is there. But let&#39;s be clear on this. on this power
thing all previous advances, major advances of power, have &#39;
hit such inefficient competition that they have immediately _
gone to work and made a profit for their users. This went to
steam, to electricity, to automotive power_on the roads, and
perhaps in the air. "
Qo get the kind of power that we have been talking about,
which is the usual thing which sticks in the public mind, you
won&#39;t have anything that is of any practical use until you
have got something that is as good as or better than what is
already the most efficient and cheapest power producing - ~-
mechanism in the world, and I think, in general, we have the
cheapest power. Perhaps some people have a little better hydro
job here and there, but overall, we have the cheapest power
in the world. - 3- » &#39; - - . i &#39;
e So that no company, no matter how interested it is, can
afford to spend its own money -- especially when you are
thinking in volumes of 20 million dollars to 40 million dollars
for experiments - as investments at this time on these .experiments. &#39; &#39;  A &#39;
_ more!
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Obviously however, in the overall interest of the &#39;
American people it has got to be done. You have to go through
this period to see whether you can answer these questions or_not. I think it would be important to come out with a final
answer that you couldn&#39;t do it. It wouldn&#39;t be a very
pleasant thing. If we can&#39;t do it, probably nobody else can.
Let&#39;s say a man was going to put a power plant in St. Louis,_-
Missouri. .He can say, "I am looking at coal, oil, gas; I am -
looking at steam turbines, or some other thing, and~in there .I am.putting as a possible competitor atomic energy. Until
he can say that, "that necessarily or naturally falls in there,among the competitors that I am going to ask to get at this
thing," you haven&#39;t got what you could call investment, in .
the American sense, in a competitive profit-making job. Acorporation would be"a fool to do it, and a government would
be a fool not to do it, to get somehow over the hump and not
first to see if we can&#39;t get something that-is just fair, to .
make it stand up and_go around, but something that will stand
up with other methods of making power. &#39; _
- Here&#39;s where you are fortunate, as you often are, in |
having a special kind of use where the cost of the power isn&#39;t
a major factor, like this Navy thing. _ _
They can try it out in service and stand a high cost in
order to obtain other objectives that seem important to them.
QUESTION:. You don&#39;t suggest that you are going to get
a sort of economic test out of the ship reactor. p
1 COMMISSIONER PIKE: No., But I do say that you will have
something for actual use in the hands of a customer and you
might answer questions somewhat_earlier, whereas otherwise it.
would take a lot longer. As you know, the automobile companies
very naively thought for many, many years that they could . _:
subject new models to harder tests than their customers, and f
they find every year that they are wrong. The customer is
the final fellow who tells you whether you have a good design
or not. That is another reason I say we are lucky to have_a -
customer, to get one of these out, say in a submarine, and _
after four or five trips around I&#39;ll bet that they will come&#39;
up with some things that the_des1gners hadn&#39;t thought of and ,_
couldn&#39;t possibly have thought of until it had gone into
actual use. That is what I&#39;m driving at. .
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QUESTION: What I was trying to get to was that if
atomic bombs are outlawed, there would still be need, or an
apparent need, for a large atomic energy operation in this
country? - V
COMISSIONER PIKE: I would think so, yes. That would
be my belief. ;
QUESTION:. Do you have any comment at all on Dr. Bacher&#39;s
assertion in his well known speech that when manufacturerswere charged with making an H-Bomb, it called for a sacrifice
in the manufacture of fissionable material? *
COMMISSIONER PIKE: Dr. Bacher is a scientist. I would
hate to tangle on that ground. Maybe Harry Smyth can feel
more equal to the occasion.
I commxssxonsn sM!rs=. Let me see how I can put 1t._ I U
think Dr. Bacher, in his speech, outlines the basis for his
conclusion, doesn&#39;t he? - ,
QUESTION: That is right. He takes neutrons either way.
If you use them for tritium you haven&#39;t got them for fissionable
material. And you can&#39;t use the tritium for power. &#39;
commrssxonan sures: I would say Dr. Bacher&#39;s speech
was self-contained, so to speak, and I wouldn&#39;t want to improve,
on it. -
QUESTION: You mean you are not saying whether or not he
is correct or not?
- COMISSIONER SMITH: I think my comment was a sufficient
0116- - &#39; - _
QUESTION:, The mere fact that-one has priority over the
other one would indicate that one is suffering over the other.
" commzssionan PIKE: I&#39;m glad you are taking this one."
QUESTION: You say it is self-contained. That doesn&#39;tanswer the question as to whether or not he is correct or not.
COMMISSIONER SMITH: Mr. Pike-already suggested that

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COMMISSIONER sures} I am afraid that 1 can&#39;t. I had g
&#39; forgotten all about the hornets, to tell you the truth. I am
dealing with some other kind of hornets. _
COMMISSIONER PIKE: I guess they do concentrate the barium.
I don&#39;t know yet what it is to prove. c -&#39;
QUESTION: -I read your report, that is why I asked the
question.- _ , _: -
. oommrssromsn PIKE: It is an interesting fact. Whatever _
it means, I don&#39;t know. Maybe Gordon knows.
. &#39; .
COMISSIONER DEAN: I understand they are using them.
That is all I know. _ "&#39;
COMISSIONER SMITH: I havent been up to Brookhaven _
since the Joint Commission. .
_ " QUESTION: Mr. Pike, some time ago on a radio interview _
you used the word "probable" in connection with the hydrogen - _&#39; 1
bomb. Today you say it is in the lap of the gods. Does that .
represent a change in your ~-
O COMMISSIONER PIKE: No. "Probable" represents more sense,-
perhaps some greater sense_of responsibility, in my thinking. -
QUESTION: Is "probable" too strong a word now?
, .
" COMMSSIONER PIKE: &#39;Somewhere between "probable" and -
"possible."
" COMISSIONER DEAN: when you said it was in the
t the gods, you didn&#39;t try to deify the Commission, didlap of
you?
- _COMMISSIONER PIKE: No, sir, I certainly didn&#39;t want to
put us in that position. I was.trying really to interpret
to myself the reaction of various scientists of great eminence
who know something about this thing. I think you will remember

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possible is about what it seems to me. . .
&#39; QUESTION: _or what? _ _COMMISSIONER PIKE: Of success on the hydrogen bomb. _ 
QUESTION: Thank you very much. &#39; - _
 The:-eupozg at 11:08 a.m.&#39;  the press conference closed.!
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_ ,. ./ip.! To , Director, FBI ,   I oars: Mair 12, 1950 .
Baum g r SAC," New York &#39;
SUBJECT: %OGA5lI t - <192--&#39;*3=5:-7";-fir  R93BSPIOHAGE-B. nztu92$=~&#39;
-"&#39;/I 3" &#39; &#39; &#39;  &#39;. -0- % inform_tion,~, obtained as e. result of the P5391-¢B-1surveillance made on 0_S§__-"H,ARHOL 033133. Was. 5-B 991115 921bm1°d- _° 1" IBureau as a matter of interest. 
On 4/is/to, a sundav, nomsnts and his wife-inst an unidentified man -and woman on the southwest corner of Central Park West and Central Park South ,1 Columbus Circle, New York!. nosems and his wife chatted with this corqale _- for a few minutes after what appeared to be a casual meeting. The woman j
somewhat resembled Mrs, ROBBINS and may have been her sister or other relative.
&#39; A surveillance on the unidentified man revealed that he proceeded by.subway to the address 56-66 liockavay Parhray, Brooklyn, sneapartment building.L. discr_e§tQ;Sinquiry at that address revealed that ROBBINS contact probably was -
GDr. H. J. REEJFIEI.D, an optioian, with an office at 5 Sutter Avenue, Brooklyn.ihe New or indices are negative on GEEEITFIEI.D. I
92
t On 4/BB/50, a Triday, ROBBINS left work shortly after 5:30 P.M. at -101 Park Avenue and was observed to meet his wife outside the building. Theyproceeded directly by subway to the address 2550 Holland Avenue, Bronx, whichaddress they entered. In walking from the subway to that address, ROBBINS and _- &#39;his wife indicated that they might be unfamiliar with the neighborhood. and the -location of 2530 Holland Avenue. Since this is e. large apartment house, and &#39;in the interests of discretion, ROBBINS and hie wife were not followed intothe address and the identity of the person or persons with whom they viited &#39; -.- has not been determined to date. The New York Office will continue to he alert" &#39;
forany further personal contact by ROBBINS with that address or &#39; lett thim . any er ofrom that address which would identify the person with whom he was in touch.
on Saturday, s/e/so, while under surveillance, sossnzs and his wife _left their apartment at 5501 14th Avenue, Brooklyn, and proceeded by subway to _$116 Union Square area in Manhattan where they were observed to enter the address147 Fourth Avenue, an office building at about 2:00 P M . . . Inquiry of theelevator operator under suitable pretext resulted i F the determination that &#39; -ROBBINS and his wife had entered the offices of th , optical Se" *  ¢I552 which firm is the subject of Bufile 100-30104.2. I It is noted thatfirm is a Imown nail drop for the Gommuniet Party. Al t &#39;so no ed is the fa the elevator operator advised that after 303131113 <1
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hi of the Union square optical Sen! I an _ s wife entered ficee ._ _ , no. . the door was locked which he co - -   u In314°? fm19u9-1- 19B.P-#116 the fact that it was e. Satu afternoon, and he so
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stated that a few minutes after ROBBINS and hie wi&#39;fe_ had entered there, three
other individuals whom he neither deecribed nor identified, entered the office - 
after which the door wae again locked. After leaving this addreee RGBBIHS and
hie wife proceeded home and at the eubway etation near their home ROBBINS wae "
observed to buy a copy of the Worker. &#39; &#39; &#39;- &#39;
Ehe above information eonetitutee
ROBBINS not heretofore reported which has
physical surveillaneee. It is noted that
IHO, hie signing of the SGHAPPES petition
for OAOGHIOHE, ROBBINS was not known to engage directly in any Oomnnmiet 
activity. _It would now appear, however, that in addition to the afore-
mentioned activities. ROBBINS may now be engaged. in Party activitiee and .-
partic]-llarly hie aeeoci tio with th U the only additional activity of - d
been developed as e reeult oi i " -.
other than hie membership in the -
and hie obtaining of eigaturee -
a n he nion Square Optical Service, Inc., , 92 .
would at least etren en t bility of hie being identical with the -.unknown eubject, Wae o   -  a  ;_e  -&#39;  Iv
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FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION
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_____ Pagelsl withheld entirely at this location in the le. One or more of the following statements, where
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Cl Deleted under exemption s! ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ . with no segregable
material available for release to you.
l:l Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
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In connection with e. reviovof tho activities of JULLISKBDROHIH, Fae, &#39;92&#39;~._ "~!&#39; G 2 &#39; _ &#39; &#39; ,
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INTERNAL SECURITY O, it 1a noted a highly confi nt informan advised the
_ deacription, as furnished in Philadalphinlctter of 1/9/4&#39;? in c KORGHIEH &#39; - How York 02:1 U:-at mncmm val acquainted v12E§2g{&#39;i92Bn.nw1 fénwm uhoec
cane, 1e ae follow: -
180* 
Place of Birth:
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- Occupation: ..
Marital Btatuer
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&#39;    - It ie requeetad. that the Baltimore
attempt to obtain photographe oi EHDLEB. qt t ~   1-puglame to Bureau, Boeton and he York in order that they my be exhibitor! to  _ &#39;, ~_l&#39;UGH8 and the HEINIHAR8
cc - Baltimore 
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and. Iaehington 11514-orriaai &#39;. 1 - &#39;
he above employment; and to
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HM NINETEENQ ALL EBBBENT EEABI q APRIL TWENTVSEVEN BBL ndLLiBs K;
A - - &#39; - I-Ei<**"-f.;fEABLEv ADVISED KRISTEE!EINEMAN snows sxcns or RECUPERATION UNDER A&#39; - PERSONAL AND CONTINUED TREATMENT BY DR. EARL gafnir. HADLEY STATED
THAT IT wouLB_BE BENEFICIAL T0 oun EFFORTS AND HIS.IF WE DISCONTINUED
INTERVIEWS WITH KRISTEL HEINEMAN PRO TEN», HADLEY STATES IF -IMPROVEMENT
HOULD BE HAD on NAY ELEVEN NEXT. HABLEY STATED IF wE BEs1BEB INTER-
IEW EARLIER BECAUSE OF SOME SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES, IT COULD BE HAD-
&#39; WHILE PRESENT TREATMENT IS BEING GIVEN, SHE IS ALLOWED NO VISITORS-
HABLEY REITERATED PREVIOUS STATEMENT THAT BUREAU INTERVIEWS THUS F
…[truncated]