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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
HIGHLANDER FOLK T
SCHOOL
PART 1 OF 7
FILE NUMBER: 617511
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To; Mr.John Edgar noovez,nasn.ngton Tenn. 5 ee' -~- f
$9 :gg;@§ -subject;Highlander Folk School,Monteagle Tenn. 3 A.- ___, ,,_ _ , ' . 92-_- , '_i ssvi i
-§§§¥§§ Your attention is respectfully called to the ccmmunistic activities
11: ? of The Highlander Folk School of Ronteagle Tenn. In a letter of March 8,193
4;1;;§ »you instructed the writer that since92there is no Federal statute in regard
, ,~_ ~to such activities that the Bureau was unable to investigate. This is very,Xi il Junfortunate indeed. This school is a hot-bed of communism and anarchy._Thi£-¢,__ . 15 is proven'by the part taken by its members in the strikes at Harriman lean.
-._ Laisy Tenn. and at the present at Rockwood Tenn. It is the_opinion of the
~' "I triter that this school should be investigated..If it were possible an * f
Z agent of the Dept-should be sent there if as a student. He would find that
f a statute was being violated-possibly TREASOE. .
' The writer has no axe to grind,and is asking for nothing. He does
not know a single member of the faculty nor the name of a student in this
Highlander Folk School. But he knows enough about this institution to know
¢" that there is something radically wrong. Also he is a great admirer of Theg:.- Director of The Federal Bureau of Investigation. He is proud of the records
si - § of The Dept.of Justice since J.EQgar Hoover became its head. He approves, -
5? of the action Of The President in not permitting politicians to remove Hr. f
Foover as the Director. While Mr.hcKellar is an-admired friend;the writer '
is apposed to his attitude in regard to cutting the_app nsptiations for.
* .his Dept. Therefore this letter is written in the spir t of s loyal
feloved East Tenn. is being "Honey-combed" wi em and anarchy. And
' the Highlander Folk School is the hot-bed.
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November 19, 1939, and in the Chapel, Doctor's Building, _Nashville, November 20, 1939, which nimeographed copy hefurnished to Agent. The na'mes of persons mentioned in the Uaddress have been checked, and it i noted that the £01101-A ' -ing persons were mentioned on whom Nationalistio Tendencycards have not previously prepared: - 7
both oi whom are mentioned as officers of the Alumni Aeso- .ciation of the Highland Folit 5choo1 and who are mentionedas persons in possession of the Thanksgiving weekend reportscovering the activities of the alumni who were present atthe Homecoming at the Highland Folk School. All others are 'listed as composing the Advisory Comittee of the HighlandFolk School, namely: If _, _ ' _
nu. nsnmo nmsurm, Chairman, ; . -'Union Theological Seminary; - ' '
Y XMISS NARI VAN KLEECK, Director of Industrial Studies,
Russell Sage Foundation; '
DR. GEGKGE S.> COUN'I'S of the Teachers College and
President of the American Federation oi Teachers;X LI; '
American Civil Liberties Union; ' '
UR. SHERWOOD EDDY; ' _ u
MR. FRANh1NIEL, Amal amated Clothing 92-"or!-cers of
America;
The Reverend WILLILH FFORD, Director, Church
League of Industrial Democracy.
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: _1 __ ' Nationalietic Tendency cards on all persons listed
' above are being submitted to the Bureau.
ENCLOSURES! TO THE BUELU
Mimecgraphed copy of a summary of a speech byN vemberJAMES DOMBROWSKI, delivered at Nashville, Tennessee 0
' 19 and 20, 1939
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The Droblem
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The Yhilosophy and Program of the Highlander Folk School.
P summary of a discussion by James Dombrowski. hairman,
ighlander Folk School, at the Hillsboro resbyterien
Church, November 19th, and in the *hepe1, Doctor! Build-
ing. Nashville, Tennessee, ovember 2th, 1939.
_l. Qne_importamt_motivation of the majority of those who
have been responsible for the Highlander Folk School has
been the attempt to relate religious idealism to the
social problems of to-day, particularly to relate the
social aspirations of religion and of the labor movement.
2. Thi§_ooncern for social justice stands at the heart of
the prophetic Hebrew Christian religion as set forth by
such men as Bishop Grundwig, the spiritual father of the
Danish Folk Schools, Walter Reuschenbusch, Harry F; Ward-
Peinhold Niebuhr,_and Bishop Francis J, McConnell.
3. The Social Gospel is the term used to designate the
type of religious thought expounded by these thinkers. _
They emphasize the importance of the social factor in the
development of character. The salvation of the individual,
according to this school of theology, is impossible apart
from the salvation of the whole of society.
§._{_definjtion of religion Un1V6YsP11v acceptable would
be most difficult to formulate, said Dr. John Benton in
his recent inaugural address as Dean of the Qchool of Re-
ligion of Vanderbilt University. Put it is agreed gener-
ally that religion is present whenever we confront the
In + 'nr92+n nf Pa 1'92+.r 92|u1+h A innl. nu» HF! HE I'|l!'['-ru.e ._co. c. .-e.-.3 "-. an .--_-, -. __ H- ,_a
whenever we are aware of the eension_between_nhat;;s and
what ourht to be.
5. The "as is:-Southern workers that includes most of us
number thirteen million, k2% on farms. 19% in factories,
with an income averaging a half of that of the rest of the
nation. Yith a fourth of the population, the south has
two-thirds of the tenants. A tenant earns 173 a year per
person, s sharecropper from ¬3E to $73 her P@?59= In l935
59 of all the women in industry in Tennessee made less
than 912 a week. A survey of the families removed to make
way for the Worris dam area showed an average annual cash
income per family of $50. There are five million forgotten
people in the southern mountains. living standards are
commensurate with that income. The average annual expendi-
ture per family for meat and veset Ples is @231. in the
south it is less that $150, and in Vississinpi it is $73.
One out of five houses in the rural south has no toilet of
any kind. The average annual expenditure for the education
4 /, 7.5//- 2
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of a southern child is only one-half of the average for
the nation; for a Negro child it is only one-ninth. Be-
cause of the p011 tax political democracy is denied to
two-thirds of the population. Economic democracy coll-
ective bargaining! is restricted even more stringently.
6, The wo;ld_that[9gght to be?-These conditions must be
examined in the light of government research as to poten-
tial living standards if all the idle capital, plants and
manpower were put to work. Conservative estimates place
the potential income at $h.$OO for every family in the
United States. We may now be sure of one disturbing fact-
pggerty is now entigely voluntary. This fact should haunt
every Christian concerned with establishing a just society.
every citizen interested in a rational society. and all of
us seeking to safeguard democracy. Democracy means free-
dvm . and we are not free until we liberate all of the
potential material and spiritual resources of our nation.
]§Wjhe_laborWmg1ement, with its labor press, nine million
members of unions, and cooperatives, and affiliated bodies
4- LL- L-@ng-__ _n an- _-_a__n4 g _h_-_n-L _4@bI _ +-.'LD l-11!: Uli.blLl.UI1U UL UUU P1 U51 CDDLVL II-IUVUIJHC-lib DQ951115 92.|U
change the present order and to establish a more just and
ethical society. Organized labor brings immediate practi-
crl gains to those who need it most. These benefits may be
summarized:
a. By raising wages and living strndn~ds.
b. Initiating and enforcing social legislation.
c. Giving dignity to workers; no longer regarded as mere
'hands'.
d. Makes democracy work in the economic field through
collective bargaining.
e. Bringing educational and cultural services to workers.
f. Giving concrete expression to the religious ideals of
service and brotherhood which otherwise find but littl
practical outlet in the hurly-burly competitive world.
Thus for rational as well as ethical reasons religion needs
labor. And a vital concern by religion for the interests of
labor would be the best safeguard against a complacent. com-
fortable middle class dissipating its ethical interests in
mere generalities, We need to apply the Social Creed to the
Churches.
7
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The Program
of PPS.F. Pesident Program-
fo! °uroose- To provide a cultural and eduationcl center
for the tr ining of c native leadership for the southern
labor movement.
bl PrQgrLm- 1QNresidentWterms_o vecr, each lasting six
weeks. In the past these hzve co"e in the summer and
winter. In 19h" the resident terms will be held in the
Spring and Fall. This will lezve the Bummer free for
week-end institutes for local and international unions.
The students are carefully selected by the educational
committees of their unions or co-operatives. There are
no formal educotienul requirements other than the ability
to reed und write and a desire to serve the lubor move-
ment. One or two college students are accepted each term
but such students must plum to work full time in the lcbor
movement or in socidl work. In the Winter Term of 1939
2? students cums from ton southern states, from San Antonio
to Richmond and represented 9 international unions.
The courses are grouped in two categories: first, the prac-
tieol tool courses in the work of the union, e.g. public
speaking, and parliamentary low, trcde union probloms, jour-
nalism, mimeogriphing, poster making; and secondly, the
background and cultural courses such as dramatics, economics
folk duncinv and group singing, history and recreational pro
grams.
The methods are o combination of lectures, discussion and
work-shoe. The mctcrinl as fcr s possible is based on
the exuerience of the students. lesses ere informcl. Tn
the work-shop class students experiment with visual mater~
isls, reducing materials from their clrsscs rnd experience
to grrphic form in charts, posters, etc. Qwmrles of this
materiel will be seen in the Vcrious nublications of the
cless in English and Journclism- see the publication list
of HFSl. There is an attempt to relate the.mnteri;1 from
the various classes. for example, the dramctics group wrote
published end produced five plays this summer. The dremutic
material w-s drawn from the students experience and from
their discussions in union problems, economics end work~shop
clisses.
Sgeciul lecturers augment tho regular touching stuff during
c resident term. About twenty-five or thirty prominent pro-
gressive loaders of tho south drawn from labor, governmental
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and civic groups discuss vurious aspects of community and
lcbor problems. These discussions with many of the south:
loading progressive figures is in itself u liberal educa-
tion. A complete list of the visiting lecturers during
the Summer Term of l939 was published in the Fell number
of the Highlander Fling. " _
B. Community Program-
cl °urposo- To preserve end enrich the indigenous cul-
turcl traditions of the southern mountains; through de-
mocratic and co-operative procedure to seek actively the
solution of bzsic community problems.
b92 The program~is of an informrl nature following the
procedures of settlement houses -nd of the Dunish Folk
Schools. The activities nrc suggested by the community.
limited only by the intcrests of the group and the skills
of the staff. Those activities for the most pert consist
of cultural and rocrentionnl groups. e.g.. piano lessons.
voice culture, group singing. drcmntics. mcrionetto and
puppet making, librury sorvie, hikes and athletics, commu-
nity nowspupor, folk d_ncing. discussion groups. co-opcru-
tive projects, nursery school. Not all of those interest
groups ure muintcinod simultuncously. but vary according
to the resources of tho staff.
The §oQBcrntiVQ;l§3nl is stressed ns the best instrument
through which to develop community ConsPiousness, self-
reliunco. training in democratic methods, and through which
the resources of tho community mry be made to yield the
best returns. The nursery school, for example, is o co-
operative community project. Eighteen children are enrolled
Parents have c0ntYiL1tcd through their own initiative and
solicitation smoll sums for the fuel supplies, although ell
are on relief; young men made the benches Pnd equipment;
young girls helped with supervision until YA oid was secured
A community discussion group has been meeting continuously
for over r year. The problems grow cut cf the experience
of the gv0u 92 In discussing their own situation they grad-
ually got some understanding rnd insights into the larger
problems of the nntion. After on extend d study of the
philosophy and methods of the C0-Op0TRtlVC movement, the
group is now attempting to raise some working capitol for
e co-oporctivu. Pumngo soles of old clothes ore held once
o month. The lest sclc was nttondcd by 50 families from
the volley, the surrounding coves and the mountnin. In this
way clothes are distributed to the needy ct slight cost, and
grcdunlly the basis for u co-operative is being established»
?
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end ersonnel
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This discussion group is experimenting with book-making.
Simple pamphlets have been made from materials furnished
by the Eioup, newspaper clippings, cartoons, etc., which
ore mounted in pamphlet form and circulated among the
membership. The subjects cover Surplus Commodities.
Socirl Security Lows, Wage and Hour Fct,the ?oll'Tax,etc.
C. Pxtension Prognsm-
2 _ rpose-To assist lalor groups within the area served
h
§b} ProgrsmThe services to unions
consisting of occisionul lectures..ool to develop cultural and educstionol programs.
are of a varied nature,
to e six weeks insti-
tute. Library services are extended to neighboring indi-
vidunls und groups. Help is given
grams; mnteriuls uro furnished for
discussion groups.with recreetional pro-
drometic programs and
The School nlont is used bv locsl and inturnutionnl unions
for week-end institutes, especially during the summer months
An effort is made to maintain n permanent relutionship with
our alumni and to assist them to develop within their groups
educational and cultural programs. At the Homecoming at
Highlnnder at Thanksgiving week-end reports were mode of the
activities of the alumni present. These reports ore in the
process of being mimeographed and may be hsd from the offi-
cers of the Alumni Association, Fr. Vnthcw Iynch. k17§ Churc
9treet, Nashville, and Hrs. Christine Benson, ilbertsville.
Kv., c0 T. V. A.!
field, two miles from Monteogle on
"ounty on the Cumberlend Plateau.Ioc.tion-Highlander is located in the community of Sumer-
the Trrcy Pity Highway.
It is 5 miles from Chott'noore, Q0 from Woshville, in Grundy
Property-The originul grant of property on which Highlunder
Tenn. Dr Johnson built the l.rgc house in 1919 and curried
on a progrim of community oduoution until 1932 when she mudwqs located was mode by Dr. Lillian S. Johnson, of Memphis, I _op
it sv..ilr..ble to Highlander.
Stuff The stuff consists of seven full time residents:
William Buttrick, Duke University,
Secretary;toicher of economics,
James Dombrowski, B.Ph.. Emory University. B.D., Union Theo-
logicnl Seminlry, Ph.D., Columbiu University, teacher of
history, Chuirmin;
Myles Horton, B.A., Cuborlond University, University of
Chicngo, Internetionnl Peoples College, tolchor of union
problems, Educational Director.h I
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iilphle Horton, B.A., H,Ai,_dol1cge of the Ozarks, teacher
of music and dremutics:
Claudio Lewis, B.A., Reid College, Director of Nursery.
Rchocl;
Mary Lowrance. B.A., Duke University, Community Worker;
Jane Lawson, B.A., V;ss;r College. Uffice Secretary.
Advisorv Committee 1 _
of Union Theological Seminary; other members ere Dr. Arthu
Swift Miss Mary Vln Kleeck, Director of Industrial Stud-ies, Pussell Sago Foundation; Dr. George S. Counts, of /
r I _', -J, Te'chors College and President of the American Federation
of Te'ch:rs, Roger Bnldwin, Dircctor.lmericun Civil Lib~
orties Union; Dr. Sherwood Eddy; Hr. Fr'nz Daniel. Amul-
g;mLted Clothing Workers of Amcvicr; the Reverend Wi11i'
Spofford. Director Church League of Industrial Democrnc .
Finances-The school is finunccd by contributions from
individuals, unions, church groups, student groups. Thu
budget in 1939 As $10,000. A few of the stronger unions
provide scholarships but for the most port the school
must provide seholurships of $100 cich for the six weeks
term. Students m.king $10 and $15 a woek'uro not in a
position to pay their own wuy.
Some support h¢S cone from the Williim C. Whitney Foun
detion and the Christian Social Justice Fund. but mot
of the money comes from voluntary contributions from
individuuls. There are 550 individunl contributors, most
LT whom nuke ennunl contributions. They inc1udo_teuchers.
nisters, business men and workers. '
Obiously the school could not nunago on such ; snill _
buget if the stuff received renunerntion commcnsurute.'
Wih the services rendered. Stuff_members serve on 0'
mntonnnce basis. o--F ~ I
W -é/ 75//._ 2
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, The Ch irmnn is Dr. Rofhhold N1obuhr,IJ
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H1 335831 Hbover,
We-Bhirlston, n.c.v
_ L ' ' _.-. EV It I -n V _ H I w V -I ..:A 5 _- l :. _;- . _ ;_&_<: -o + V _. *-Dear Hr Hoover , '
Rab out 1: heOHigh1a1ggg¥tl]:%l?¬ 882:3 oi 021120 If ° 1 3-PP inga39951118 F011 anoth3'1T2 " *---~__ 1-_-_ am herewith
It ~ ~investisateaiezigsao mestnt this G°th° ah° 1d beto return to Gem&n§§i_ that he might befaaked
. , Ec ' ' =in ham, ° 11 F° n°° °°°P9rB-to with Mr Dies::_W:_}_W W F L/Oampa? 8 acme trusted young people at tenc1| 1711539
Ie. .. . :_1 1- .. ... . _ .-,. -5;-1?; ' '; o <_~..- '- ' --.-'.'--'2'.- * " . ~_- .-.'-- -.' ' .1?-o - -'-:- +1 r Wu -:-M-- '__ _'-J-T" w£"" '7-* -._ _,.'~ -1, .-.._ .1, .; -. - :.-__.. u ;,_-_ --- 92.*92~_ ._:-_;:_-F -. -'-'92_§- ...,1..~.,-W. » 1...»-~ 92 -'rTy,In- ,--_|,,v;,h.|- , ..,_- I _ _1 . . ._ , ,4 _:,..__._V._ i._ _. -.__;-.. '31: . W _ 2g»._».;--.-w~.. ,>..~;:¢ _§:=;-~i*<-.'1*@-;?=!-r:_=."=e ° 11° 95 t ° 01-&8n out our 0 'i:;a,~= -._._l-_ Within HOYB tln W3 need tntt 0 untry Zf1QIl
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1 1 MAY / h E; H 1- mmmsn 2? Q40
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' V Best wishes to 1
J o , - .. . A F'92.v92l£p.¬!'92_'/;- I
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.' -ed £91 these summer camps,
I I =' *.rred ' ~re Soturday
. ~ Myles orton, edueag-Ql f& 92
,. . - ehool, here in attend? Rage 5
. ' ;----V -- . _92I" --4-. r
pomsronlnect
new TYPE cm
. AT momnnr
Youth Congress Leoderf' lttends Workers Edu-t
~ coti n Meet Here i92- , . - -
Rich iothe, one oi the leader!
pf the American Youth Congress,
hich' reated such a stir in Wash-
nglon, D. C., some months ago lh
denouncing certain phases of Boole-'
fveltk Adminiztration, is In Chatt-I
hooga attending the Conference oi2f>rk»er§', !_Iducltion to be held here
tu.rday"and Sunday.
5 -Gothe did his attendance at
erence ie_ more or lees 1 co
' euce, II his real purpose is_92o
".'in;e for establishment oi a work
r-' Highlander Folk School;' W»-reqrttei
..'"-l'- tr-.-n. he laid, will be pt hp
4- -P-" a~ = J in the month of Ani-
|, 1»-? uc r- weells, and 4wi11 be
it mu-1 by f25 young workers end
xer whmwill work. study end
_ 1" in thn period. He is expected
direct 92_.le~~school. ,-
--92¢ the said the -idea -of "work
;r=' " wt: énnceivecl last year wia
a . izp-lent oi first camp at Wed
; N X.,_lon the Hudson. He4- an now ve such camps
| 1 is country, one-near
O io; one In New York
Oregon. and the one to
Q here in Tennessee ab
-1' SUTLDN EXPLAINED
. 11. uiu? how student: ere le-
,1-aelierted that the sponsors
Mu talk: It different schools Indi35-1eees_ and invite studenta to par-92
Jpate these comps, which, he
are operated somewhat en'ne u'1mi|ar camps in Scen-eoup rie$- The idea 1| also
_ -U, he pointed out. to-I4 eeqlpe
-1 have been established by,-loan Friends Service Commi
92
92
i"G Q1.uk¢t.outl. - '
. --.-the ts e native of Germany. He
been in United States on his -
eht trip for two years. He aid
he knew Hitler, "but they-gt along so well together."
comment on the Em-open:
- uation, Gothe stated it in "too
vet to tell jult hut is then
'3-dfld it will obably take Q kn before _e can get~£ 6! the i ation j. ._ J._
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E. A. Tina. ._--»~92F?-
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Gllvil ..-__ , ,,
Nkkob.....--.
Mr. Reade; ____ _____
Hr.Renee ..... ___
Mr. Tree; ._-,_.
MilI Glob ........ ..
U51 '
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an INFORMATION cownmzo
HEREIN! u cmssmso
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-- __.__ 4 ___,...mg -,,,- :1 _92- .1 _K___wwt" 9:. A 1'14J1!
1 mn activities It 1'! years. wnen htMr.
Mr
Mr
Mr
It
Mr
Mr
Hr
MrlIan..-.- . ..
Nathan ._.......
E. ~Tl.l!3 .__.
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Be|a:'lI..-.-.
Raaen ________ __
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we
'_ Helen Woods Unit-ed Sta - '
partment of Labor, tn eh: '.4§
wage and hour division tn t.l..
§tion, was scheduled to address . wiconlerence, but It wag announce:,--.92~=;..*--_-$1,.-t~_!,n. Saturday um she will not be here
> "nr_ ' n - A n _ ._.. ..f I_- .l___ _..I_ _ _ I I .0 u . . .. __ - . . A I'92_.._-..I...._l_ -...J a.-- l._J _.. _-e:.-.llli ;- 411 U 39111;; U5 lgaugfs rno are n e to i i I ' -l'EUll8]lYIIllil IUD nil BI. I11 Iiibltliierence which opened a two-day Siiilfri ch:i::.ii:g;acs.?¢u.§,,. 3:-:re|:is,,gE"¥l|92cgI::e:?1::1°'! °"°°; ;"°' ;e"d?"" r ' ' . _ ' V111 CO1 B Q WOT H1 I-to right, John Harlin, Southern rector. International Ladies Garment Workers,Un.Patemo¬1. N. 3., dyeing plmt tronion; M|_ss_ hdnairpwn, chairman lo:-hf;-s Education Committee. of Chattanooga w}|};,lP£'! to 1933, when he became activs1§ P1'95ldllJg over conference; Lawrenée Begin, educational dii ector American Feder "ii *°""ins 31¢ DWI"! 98681150 . *firm: 0! Hosiery Workers, Philadelphia-Wits Louis eon dk I L di aw!" °t Unimd Tum wan"4,6 sum. _. . ' ' ' _ E. at C Pr nr f'ect°" U-1'aad had remained active in thl_,-. 1; s"h°°l- 5559* 1119. Ne C-1 Ind Edward F; allagha , vice-president, Ameri- T, W. U. A..?fdClqEa0 of Rosier},-wqrkers, Ind'TenncSS¬¢ cl ector, T. W,.U_ A" thaanooga Q _] l . .E . _ .é{.}.I _ Qght at the Park 110-Tali His i6,_ -- 5 " 5' 2'];-ess will be broadcast. over WDOD. | = : John Martin. aouthern directo.1 . . .- a _ ;__ ___.--11 -* " ' uernauonai Ladle: Garulvlle 1'" -." 5* K £1 '1 Baldanze ls looked upon as ow.- , _ 1. .' _ __92_f 92'....;:"' :13,- " 3.;; "'_,~92 , _r ... j ;;=,__ "53:? - ".j%',{; ;__.-1 - '_ -.,E§;?. ' __- of the youngerl union executive» .. . .. , .~..2-=. . .5? gr". . **-." #1 the '=<.> "*=Y- I" b==== M H- ' '-=1-* --.i"5~ . -"-=:»'>.'1-#=""" :*"??-5&1 J6 - . 2 91;] "I 1: :4-"'.'_ ' ed U tied ll W k; ' " . ' " ' - . join n ine or en n
:2 ? ¢0nte1-once expected t_q_'di5Te into discussion group; follow-,iH=1fUn's tall: at the 5-!t'l_!.f'-v '1'hOOn session. Repo 91 ' -ltteea will be made at ti-mgbusiti. - _-.
:.'.92'.'Q_.é L -- D
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July B, 1980
¢
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I uinh to aaknovludgo r1081? 93 7°"? 1""' -
y y 30, 19450, and its unclean:-0
'hmroam%nqraui1nuu92rL1nbUWR ¢ltion to 1,7 attmtion are indeed IPP¢"1""1 "1::?br:l ,»_u1¢ your lottor to him, undo n utter of official
VII: W Nu!
John ldglr I00!!!
Di1'92O1'Dl'
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COMMUNICAHUNS SECTION
~ M A I L E D
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TEDERM IL*nE»u| 0! 1~_>'|",92,_
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92 .
noega, enneeeee
'°" . ~
' It Ie 0 pleasure indeed to have
your letter of Hay 14, 1940, together utththe encloeed clfping and to have your
comments conoerntnp ny oddreee before theDaughter» of the American Reuoluiton.
I want to thank you for eendtngat ypur observations and euggeetlone, and .you nay be aeeured that this Bureau will - ;endeavor to perform its duties as effectivelyanJ efjiciently ae poeetble. O
Itth beet utehea and itnd regards,
Sincerely ycure,
92 ____________...----:---"'1 -_MWuA1|uns :~,-mloubk
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ND /cRECORDED E7511--5 1/ ""3-T 3°! 19 ! W
Special Agent in Charge
Knoxville, Tunnealce
3° am. , ncunnonsn
Dear Sir: !sPi°HAG5
For your information, I am transmitting herewith
copies of an anonymous communication dated
received at the Bureau in an envelope poetmarkedlhu,2L, lsho
at ill; TIIMIKCQ '
Very truly yours,
92d.n.e-1....-v.... 7
p ~ John Edgar Hoover
Directore~ ' u W Y Q - g92=_GT920NN§g92:l i:Ps92i9§§ -3 . GU 92 g!; 92 -1 3 MA ir,
-AttlNFORMATl0N CONTAINED ~"- "~2§¥&';>S~y::§$'z@D P_1%9~r _ ; pgg _éggf ea , _ $340 .. - 'r ! M 3 ~I 5 l k M null '' P- 51ml .' §i.DUJ9292 aug£92U:g921 c9211£lU5 r'£ 9/]u.s.D*-"21-? i p .-- -
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,..-.-.. - - - ,_- -! ' -l =4-' /T. _ T 'L{:.' c*¢§1s1sA: tnhonteasle 1'=p. may 24th. I940
Washington D. C. AIIONYMO is 001. -.-.rL11v'1ua'1101*4 e _ "
Gent1emen:- Y§E.t~ KY£¥¬mPCELOP> 'TrAonoo ~ ii
Notin in the never w ar¬"desirous o£- eqistration of Aliens to
prevent Sabotaze, I am addressing your attention to thd:*Highlander_EolkSchool" located here, which has been reported to the F.B.I. for investisat*¢-
slreadv;snd was info ed of this investigation through an item in our Jbcf
Contv Paper just s hort time back, and to forestall suspicion, the J "al
manager, A Mr. Mile Horton, collected up a few children of his local patron:
and went to Chattano ea the evening of Hrs. Roosevelt's visit there, making
it avvear that the school was devoted to the education of children. '
The actual head of this school is a Ur. "DOMBRDNSK1", which name in it-
self sounds susnicious; Believeing any one h ving something to hide_from the
oublis, is not worthv of bublic consideration, and a menace to'the public an
communitv, I wish to state that I have been in the school on several occasio
and I never saw a child there ss s student, and I have seen and know of adul
being there for what they claim to educate them for holding better positions
but the general consensus of opinion is that they are taught-how to better
control their unions and how to cause an carry on strikes. " - -
Believing this to be a starting nest of Communists, and believing it to
be due for a thorough investigation, and knowing that this Mr. Dombronski is
now traveling throughout the States especially where there is hopes of causi
strife or strikes, thought it to be worthy of note to you. " 'Should you wish any further information or if I can be of any service i
this or any other capacity, serve you, address me as s Member of GeneralKirby-Smith Post, I883,[Veterans of Foreign wars, of the U.b_ Cowan Tenn.
RespectfullyDepartment of Justice MsY<>Z194S E Li _. - _ 4%ft 1
1|
RECORDALL mronmanou commmzu T_92'1'!l?X an t
mznom u CLASSIFIED *5 c" * "'*"°" *:** -wDATEi,2§_u2BY I _ ' 4"!» ee@a:e.o ""T-'.~1s£f%
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ill-Wt 3; 19100
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Bpeoial Agent in Chargellenphie, Tennessee »
,i In In. H 4
-~ esrxom-ms _ .
- 92
-" , Dee:-81:: _ _
_ 1 There 1e forwarded hereeith e copy of
7 _ Bureau letter dated July 30, 191.0 Bureau tile
I61-7511!, which letter tranemitted en enonymue
oommmicetion dated I-by 21¢, 191.0, received at the i
/392 Bureau in en envelope postmarked et Conn, 'l'enn- T-
Qllue .
In view of the feet that Conn, Teoneeeee
-Q5 1e located in the Memphis territory, e eopy of the
'~ monymoue letter 1| being mrniehed your office3 for eppropriete attention. ' ~
.7, Very trek pure, _ _
x15}
92 I. A. IIJRPHI,
t Special Agent in Charge.
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,-92 F.B.I. Washington
92 92 D.C.Ir, J.Edger Hoover
92_92.August 30 1940
- Dear Mr. Hoover;:QL92 I have just learn of the existence
92in Tennessee or a school called Highlander's Falls
School", has been in operation for about l8 years,
~ and is reported to teach Communistic doctrine while
92endesvoring to influence the local elections; in fact
:-
". they have made themselves quite obnoxioueftf e_ * "/m::o1u>m> & znnaxsntyi, /r -1 .-"//
This information is pas§edT6n:t§T}ouT7""TH L|__-.__ _92, ,5 - -J
~
92. 92 only because of the report that certain well;ynown;p A
the school and are sending Boys to the school. £5 -
i t.,0 , i
people in Govenent circles are helping to support , " k
_ _ _ _ __~»,~
I am sorry not to be able to give youy
'92.
_ the exact location of
-f" ization will spot the
offer to you and your
of real appP601&t10ne
Respectfully submittedthe school but I know your organ-
plsce in a hurry 0
i; S~ Hay I as Just an ordinary American
grand organization a hearty wordI
92. .
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lllf li-Od l1Z921l'I'- n 191:0. -.
' Your court ; and tutu-at in bringing
this information to aw attmtion are Lndood appraciatod,
and you nag be um:-ad your letter will rennin uppmprztlt-0
conaidantlnm
Sims:-017 yours,
Jolmlidgu Boon:
D11-actor
1
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ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED
HEREINI UNCLASSIEIEDIZ=A'E LL/24IBY5P&@v<éI¢Q
C;NII92'IUNiCl92IIONS SECTION I
M A 1 L E D A
P M' nwnaouFEDERM aunnu UI mvES Sun I
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET
Pagelsl withheld entirely at this location in the le. One or more of the following statements, where
indicated; explain this deletion,
Deleted under exemption s! l/6' 7 with no segregable
material available for release to you.
lnforrnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Uocurnentts! originating with the following government agencyes! _ _ _ _,__ _
__ ___ , ___ , ,1: , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you.
Pagets! referred for consultation to the following government agencyliesl; l_i__._.____?
_________w__,___ 7 o_o o _ as the information originated with them. You will
he arlvised of availability upon retum of the material to the FBI.
Pngets! withheld for the following reason s!:
ff»-i 1;-~
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ll/ll The followingaurnber is to be used for reference regarding these pages:
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informant toimuyonnh nfcnaon, I lhouldbl plnaodtg
haw bin inturriond concerning tho lnbjoet utter if your
littlra
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Hold Offico llnltod at .-
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Bureau lcttur of lonnb-or '19l»0 61-751.1 "
dz-cued to __Qluhvinc, Tenn: 0, together tit ti;one aura. Ibis 10 u-nin ad for coqalctid cg
IOIIP £11.; [D3 x-
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fury truly yours ,
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_ H With further reference to I7 letter of Iovenber 5, 191.0e transmitting a co of etter of the rec day 1-7511!A W -dd»----d ~» ~-»- 49¢»~i ville, I an hares t or of the &u'eau'e letter
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'|~,t~:Special Amt in cm-p_ A Memphis, Tennessee _,
Deer Bin N
one 3 he ginel
had edded e number of eomente. A copy et .
one are not being retained by this office nor
ter being acknowledged because it would eppesr that there
is nothing specific in her complaint e.nd it eeens that possibly .
she is a bit. on the erratic side and with very little eneouragenentOB
'- night engage in extensive pointless correspondence. The letter is
being forwarded for the completion of your files.
N Very truly yours,
- - .
cmrar - c. 1:. rmzsmn -N
I Special Agent in Charge
CC - Bureau
mcloeure
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:11.n1:mQ /¬:___[/ykf FEDERAL BUREAU Or"lNVEST1G;}TiO;.
EILL INFORMATION CONTAINED 6 NOV 12 1940
HEREIN I UNOLASSIFIED us, [j[?_'§,'_P;T['92'j_:____';' .=-3;;_r:= 1-9 ~ , ~ hr ATE A/1&4 BY ?%
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FOIPQ DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET
Pagetsi withheld entirely at this location in the le. One or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
Deleted under exemptiontsl ___ _,_ with no segregable
material available for release to you.
Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
T_.|1,.._...n 1.1.. U92l92 in -92 II I 'llirulnlutruu pertained onl, to a tlnrd party. Your nam the title only.
Do-curnent s! originating with the following government agencyliesi ' _ ,. __
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Page-At? refe ed for conylation to_the following government agencyes!; ____oi__________Q/ch -__ AR P"'l_7 N71 u;I_6jZ.J!~1§-,5 as the information originated with them. You will
he advised of avai ability upon return of the material to the FBI.
Pagetsl withheld for the following reason s!:
-For your information: _ _ .___________, ____,,____
ed for reference regarding these pages:
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FOIFA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEETXXXXXX
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XXXXXX
Pagetsl withheld entirely at this location in the le. One or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
;JIl' Deleted under exemptiontsl /4 _ 7 with no segregable
maierial available for release to you.
Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
intrinnation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
L!uQu;ilE![1I. S! originating with the following government agency,/ iesl ' _____ _ -_._
__g E _ _ , was/were forwardzid to them for direct response to you.
Piigols! referred for consultation to the following government agencytiesl; 4E_____.______i
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Ifrhrral Bureau of limlestigai
Hnitch tatrs irpartmnnt nf nstire
Knoxville, Tennessee
November 16, 1914.0
Director
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Tfashingon, D. C. _-- -
. - 4; -:1:
Dear Sir: ' L1-
92 " i _. 41
' Reference is made to Bureau letter of November L, 191.0 ;; ....a.-z....,-.-.a.-: +0 1/ _
- ,1 cl-u.92-L1 r;:>.:>=u v ,5;ashville, Tennessee. I , -.-. _ Q-U '
As will be noted from mgr letter of November 8, 191.0 to the
Memphis Office, _ added a number of extensive comments on
the original of the Bureau's letter to her and transmitted it to me.
, Because of the rambling nature of her communication, it was not ack- ' nowledged and no copy of it was retained at this office."1
-92
A , Today 1 an in receipt oi a long two-page communication from -
3 The conrnunication is on two sheets of paper and is _
fully covered on both sides. The first sheet is on the letter head
of Nashville while the second is on the
letter head of Nashville.
- Iihile parts of her communication are undecipherable, it ap-
pears that is dissatisfied with almost everything in the92 ~" world, and besides expressing her views on the present world situation,
~ . she gives an extensive genealogical outline of her own ancestry. En-
closed with the letter was a newspaper clipping pertaining to the High-
lander Folk School and the first couple pages of the September issue
of the Reader's Digest, all of which appear to be much ado about noth-
ing in particular.
It appears from the rambling context of _letter
that she is carrying the burdens of the world on her shoulders because
she touches generally on conrnunistic tendencies, religious proclivities,
her own genealogy, the recent election, etcetera, etcetera.-@'7<>
in.
No acknowledgment is being made to co::nunication
by thisoffice and it is suggested that in the event ;
Q I'Es EI§'F§6¥ ____
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Director - 2 - November 16, 19hO
writes the Bureau, that no reply be made because she evidently needs
very little encouragement to spend long hours in writing out her
worries.
By carbon copy of this letter, _letter is being .4
transmitted to the Memphis Office for inclusion in its files and no
copy of it is being retained in this office.
Very truly yours,
CKF:PBF C. K. FIERSTONE
Special Agent in Charge
cc - Memphis Enclosure!
_ 2 _
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LFEDERAL BIJIIEMI OF INVESTIGATION
FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEETXXXXXX
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SNEET
Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the le. One or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
U/Deleted under exemption s! 7 with no Sgregble
material available for release to you.
Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
L!ocument s! originating with the following government agencyes! P _
___ - _ ___ W , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you.
Prige s! refened for Consultation to the following government agencyes!; i_______i
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uurrco STATE: on-.-...-.'.'.-..r JUSTICE$3 December 6, 1940 p</J, 2
']92i',_ .with reference to thi attached , Icalled CongressnanIJone8 and informed
him that I was una le to find any
record of anyone in the FBI who
talked to the Congressman yesterdaywith Qaerence to the investigation
of th fichlander Folk School. The
Congressman stated he called yester-
day and tclhed with a yr. Holtzer
phonetic!. The Congressman advised
that this Hr. Holtzer he stated he
was not sure of the name but that it
sounded like Holtzer! called hin.bach
tifs morning and informed him that the
investigation were
I told the Congressman92
confidential.
no one in the
he called the
with the Department of Justice.
It is possible he was talking with Judge
I told the Congressman the FBI was not...,_,._ .1 ___ i
. THUS
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Bureau by that name. He then said
Department of Justice and
nected with someone; that he thought he
ing with the FBI but that he was probably talkinghas con-tias tal h-
? Holtzojf
ondactingan investigation of the Highlander Folk%School
j of Tennessee. _ rls-5 mac0P.1>m0./. e _._._i.-, . _ iced :1... J!" 2:/-/4
I HEREIN IS UNQLASSWIED so =>E»s=
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92I92l Jql-IN EDGAR HOOVER "__ DIRECTOR 1' I ' '
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It will be recalled _ telephoned the other dau
math reference to>-_, ,,_ . . _ . _,___________lv.!f. _'. vi-~~~°-vi11@- I =n.ro1-neaj at that time that the 1 1"" g
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4_,.-_--... Jul-can nf Investigation v- -- 92 l.-.1,»-3i._
ll-_ !_ .211- ;_|Il92_-9292,.._mteh Staten Brpartment at Justus .~
Washington, B. OI.Mr. C1!-"_'92 . -
M,-_ 1: -- »1a__... -LZ|:.E@_.'3: ..... .-
Decem be r 6_,*";1 '9-4-O.___Er. Hm .%ou....
. Hr. I...arn ---- --
Hr. 'I"rn-.y ..--.----
Y-ill v--'=I=d¥---- ----
g [EEUR lWE_DlRECTOR
_""_"i'_"i-"""i" to Congressman Jones of Ghio,called in personally this morning advising that the Congress-
ran had talked with someone in the Lrzreau yesterday afternoon
concerning the investigation of the Highlander Folk School in
Tennessee; that te Congressman desired that she,
personally review this file to ascertain what investigation
had been made. '
I in_jormed that all files in the Bureau
are confidential and that any request for files would of
necessity have to be made of the Attorney General 's Office;
h.o:.-ever, I informed her further that an inquiry had been made
recently with reference to the Highlander Folk School and that
a check of the files of this Bureau had failed to reveal that
-such an investioati had been rna':.?e= -_
_asked many questions concerning theBureau's jurisdiction in matters concerning schools allegedly I
communistic and from the questions asked and from her personal
appearance, I would judge that might be unduly
interested in radical activities, probably from a sympathetic
standpoint.
I have been unable to find any record of anyone
talking with Congressman Jones and there is no record of such
a call having been received in the Director's Office.
I will call the Congressman and inform him that this
Bureau has not made an investigation of the Highlander Folkno-1-ii-I-inll!-.-Q-nun
School at J.'ont Eagle, Tennessee. /I
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January 4, 1941
' GHLEHL§iFCLK SCHOOLhl
.,__ _ V
I 1- There appeared in The CIO News for December 2, 1940,on Page 8, the following item: "Supportchighlender Folk Schoolf -
"The program and aims of the Highlander
Folk School at Konteagle,_1ggn,, were
endorsed by the C10 convention, and
efforts to discredit and defame the
school were condemned as an attack on
the progressive labor movement of the
South.
Highlander conducts a year around program
of education, recreation and organization.
In addition to six weeks resident terms,
it holds institutes, conferences and co-
operates with unions in field work. These
activities the convention declared, have
made the school a target for attacks of
anti-labor forces.'"
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RECORDED __/_ 7 W 7,5"/i/L ff j
FEDERAL BUREAU BF INVESTIGATIU
MAT|0N CONTAIPED 6 MN 13 i931'*~' RLLINFOR * _ u.s.0EPARmL~11oF'Jus1|c5HEREINISU CLASS|g|'_g.D -7 - $19 ~l1 DATEJ/91255- 4 BY
4-750 -7-79! - XXXXXX
XXXXXX
XXXXXX
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET
Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
ghzleted under exemption s! é 7 _ _ . __ with no segregable
E]
El
[Iimaterial available for release to you.
Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
lnformation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Document s! originating with the following government agency ies! _
_r_ r _ 7 .__ 7 _ 777* , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you.
Page s! referred for consultation to the following government agency ies!; ___i____.___i
._. _____ _ _. as the information originated with them. You will
be advised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI.
Page s! withheld for the following reason s!:
{__l -For your infomiation: __g __
I-Exfl following number is tobe-mused for reference regarding these pages:
XI {I§_XI'{}§
XXXXXXg<gg_;___= 75/ r_gI_gg ___g_ WW H i _
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liniteh Staten Brpartmsnt of Justice
Knoxville, Tennessee ' '-
April 9, 191:1
-u
-92
Director
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Washington, D. C -
1%
Urusrmnnzn FOLK scnooz.
zmrsnmt sscmurz - c ~
Dear Sir: .
During the investigation presently being
made of the Highlander Folk School it was necessary
to photograph a large number of documents, part of
which had to be used immediately in the investigation.
Consequently, the photographs were developed and those
few needed for immediate investigation were enlarged.
. The fortytwo negatives which were not y
needed i.-n£die.tei~,' are being enclosed and the Bireeu
is requested to furnish this office with two enlarged
copies of each. It is not necessary that these be
enlarged to their natural size but only need to be
enlarged to a size which will permit them to be easily
read. when these enlargements are received, the Knox-
ville office will submit a supplementary report con-
cerning the infonmation on them.
Very truly yours,
1,7 OJ --8 éFl<}-~La<¢-
c. K. FIERSTONE,_ Il4__.!_92 .l.__._J. J_ f92l_nn-.-.-
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,.,» ' April 15, 191.1 7.
92 4
Special Agent in Clurge . 1 Q99!"Federal Bureau of Imreatigatinn -*~ 1!
United States Department of Juatioe
#107 Hamilton Ne-.1-:lona1 Bank
Knoxville, Tennessee
n .'
RSI RIG!-!Ll!921'DSR FOLKSCHOUI-' e
I!¬T3?J1hL83CURI'I"!-C
Dear Sir: -
; - ' -r' 1:, requested in your letter to the Bureau
dated April 9, 19b1, there I11 Iwloaed helwnrlth, {J0
enlargn-,1; photographic pripte of each and the forty» ,_two r{e'gat.ives of photographs taken in connection with
ebou entitled matter. -
92
' - Very truly yours, -_
_ 1v
John Edgar Hoover
- . - Director
rm INFORMATIOHCUNTAINED e
HEREIN! u cmsslrlinDATE vm¬:.3l@ ' _ 'BI3Gk
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I 3'-choral Eu:-ran nf fnuvstigann _
nitvh Etatrs Bvpartment of Justice
Knoxville, Tennessee
April 11¢. 19141
I Director
|:_/ Federal Bureau of Investigation
".':aShiI1gl.OIl, Du C3.
ns3~._§9s< .ssw<>L
'=»L-ionteagle, Tennessee
. INTERNAL SECURITY - C_,| 'rr ;; Vic
Dear Sir:
/letter from Knoxville to the Bureau
I / from the wrean to hienphiis, dated
_/' ' 50, 1939, Bureau file No. 61-7558,/ which concerned a report made b
1 n this school. It will be noted
that the hnomrille Office could not locate a copy of this report
at that t . and advised that the report appeared to have been madePlease refer to the
.- ' dated Gctoher 6, 1959; letter
October 15, 1959, and October
K v1>
for the/zrican Federation of Labor and to have been forwarded toI-"ILLIA1>'.¢6ff: .3N; its President. The Bureau in its letter dated October
50, referred to above, advised that no further effort should be made
to obtain copies of is report through the Amer-ica.n Federation of
Labor.
A copy of this report was located by special Agent _
in the possession of _ Assistant Postmaster atChattanooga, Tennessee, and another copy was also found by Special
As@I1@ in the possession of: .
Cne of these copies is being attached hereto forBQ.H_§ tge Bureau. It will be noted that this report is dated Hay B, 1935,
"t ,- - :
!_- and was made try92 Cc-pies of five affidavits,which were agtached to the original of this
92 report, are also being enclosed.
was located in Knoxville, Tennessee, where D
he is employed by the City, and the report was gone over with him
to determine if he had any additional information in his possession.
11, m:FORr-MON CONTAINED __QREIN |S U/qcq ASS|F|E[! RFICORDF:D a I1wn;.~u~:u _ .7 /' 3
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I 92 I .. 6 0 -
HIGHLANDER FOLK scnooz. h-11+-in c. K. FIERSTONE 61-12
He advised that the investigation had been made so long ago that he had
no recollection of the details of the report, but efter reading it ed-
vised that he had been very careful to report only facts in this inves-
tigation. Vvhen questioned regarding the reason for this investigation
having been made, advised that a grant of about $15,000 -
1 had been made by the United States Government to the Highlander FolkK ,lC> School for the installation of printing equipment, but that a report
had reached the Governor of the State of Temessee from some source
regarding the communist teaching of the school,and that the Governor
had personally requested that this investigation be made before the
1 M ghee}; nag gent. Lg the school, advised that he personal_1;r
*6 til» discussed this matter with the Governor of the State of Tennessee at -
the date his report was made a.nd that as a result of his belief that
the school was definitely communistic, the Governor had refused to t
grant the money to the school and had blocked the payment of the $15,000
which had been authorized. '
* advised that he knew of no connection of the
American Federation of Labor with this investigation and that so far
as he knew no copy had been forwarded to the President of the American
Federation of Labor, WIIJIAM GREEN, at Washington, D. C. This matter
is being further reported on in the case entitled above in a report
which is now in the process of dictation. 7
Very truly yours,
__@,e /m'u"$~', AA$1/to SPBF c. K. mzasrons _
_ Special Agent in Charge
61-12 -
Enclosures
- 0
-2-
4-75U -7-79! _ ' xxxxxx
xxxxxx
xxxxxx
FEDERAL BUllEhU OF lNVESTlGl92TlON
FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET
Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the le. One or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
Z ' P [E/l!eleted under exemption s! ,_ X __ _ with no segregable
material available for release to you.
Cl
E
{fllnfonnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Document s! originating with the following govemment agency ies! _ __
___ W , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you.
Pagelsl referred for consultation to the following government agencyes!; X_H.T_.._.__i
_ as the information originated with them. You will
be advised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI.
Pagetsl withheld for the following reason sl:
For your information: _ _ W _
Q/The ollowing number is to be used for reference regarding these pages:
XKFZXXFI
XX XXXX
XXXXXX_, *" 15/! "'/ 6/ £4JcLc;¢/IE6 ,
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Pg DELETED PAGE S! §X NO DUPLICATION FEE X
X FOR THIS PAGE X
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FBI/DOJ
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92 CON LNTIAL
FEDERAL BUREKU OF INVESTIGXTION
This 3359 Qriginfatd at mroxviiuz, TENNESSEE File N=>- 61-12
77 if _ in W __ __V_ AW _a_ ,_ ~ __-lg!________________.____r-i._._ _..--__---- - - - ---1_- --2 5" -5-"- " " " 92Epwt made at Date made./-I 235335 17-22 | Report ma e Y-670 .* KNOXVILLE, TENN. 92 1.1.-10'-I-I-}'J §Lh25y[,;; ' is*>
Title I Character of case
HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL INTERNJLL SECURITY -- C __1
i
1
1davits and correspondence gathered by C. H/KILBY <F _ 5YNOP5I5= Organization, location and directing personnei ' 1
Set, out. Lists of teachers and sponsors obtained.
. _ sources of income indicate Communist IN F IL Party support. O Informents Chattanooga show lyads
--r- .-",1-...-1 -.++.~,nAe.A Fm-mm-.n-i ::+. P.-n~+.v rn|=¢-:+.i1'1n5_ !Ul Q92J92-l¢ll92-CH1 92-l92-'1 -|ll92J-lint->J92i Q hag vi lii92I92w :1; J _v
copied and enclosed show Communist teachings at . - J _1a Se:
s col
I I"@ ALL INFORMATION c0m'.1x!r:.;o
~ HEREIN Its UNCLASSSE-IE5 » -P_
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Numerous complamts received in the Knoxville Oiiice Q ff _ _ _ _ . b Iconcerning Commimst activities at the Highlander Folk ' .School made it desirable to investigate the school and its
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HIOHIAIIDER 1-on. SCHOOL 61-12 Lt-10-Ln
The following information
lander F
was
The Highlander Folk C ool was organized during 19 on |
ground donated by Dr. LILLIAN W._ OHNSON, whose present mail dress is
12b East Michigan Avenue, The P lms, DeLand, Florida. MYLE ORTON andJAMES/OOMBROWSKI were believed to be the active organizers of the school.
The land was donated by Dr. JOHNSON because she believed that it would !
benefit the local inhabitants and would educate them and improve their
working conditions. .
A charter was issued to the Highlander Folk School on Jan- |
uary 51, l93h by the State of Tennessee and this charter is recorded with
the Tennessee Department of State in Volume 0-12, page lhe, in the office
of the Secretary of State at Nas ville, Tennessee. The school as chart-ered by MI S HORTON, ELIZABE¬}LWEB, JAMES DOMBROWSKI, RUPERTYHAMPTON,
and MALCOLM CHISHOLM.
The Highlander Folk School is located in Grundy County, _
Tennzssee, about two miles north of Monteagle, Tennessee, on State Road
56 going toward Tracy City, Tennessee. This section is mountainous and
heavily wooded.
Three persons are reported to have been associated with it
in a directing capacity almost from-the start of the school up to the
present time.
MILES HORTON, Director of Education, is the one whose name
is most often mentioned as being the leader of the school, and lives
the
s repor
MTTES HORTON teaches Communism and has solicited membership in.the Young
Communists League from various persons, locally. HORTON is also reported
to have been one of the founders of the Comonwealth College at Mena,
Arkansas. HORTON is reported to have spent two years in Russia, but it
has not been possible to determine even an approximate date.
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HIGHI.;.NDIJH FOLK scaoot 61-12 Lt-10-Lu
JAMES DOMBROVISKI, Secretary of the Highlander Folk School,
is the person who signs all of the mail sent out by the school requesting
contributions and designates himself on these letters as chairman, with-
out saying what he is chairman of. In :1 letter addressed by
thens, 1 nness 0
Sweetwater Tennessee dated November 16,:1 "C; ' Jto1lH!|||||||ii||i:|! . ~ '1 E0 DOIABRO-r KI is re orted to have si ned a bulletin issued b the 9 J P E Y
Revolutionary Policy Committee of the Socialist Party in l95h stating they
would "make every effort to promote the world revolution and to securé
Governmental power for the victorious revolution by arming the workers
and by preparing the working class to turn imperialist war into class war."
He is also reported to have solicited persons to join the Young CommunistsLeague at the school,
- 92ELIZABETH D.92.lji'{.'fES, better known as ZILL.-'92!iI.T;'92r~'EIS, has been '
active as a teacher in th school from its beginning and is reported to
have been especially strong in her teaching of Cormuristic princi les andhow they can be used in labor agitation. She is nnrriel to FRANZ?DiNIEL
and both are listed as being signers with DOMEROWSKI of the bulletin of
the Socialist Party's Revolutionary Policy Committee mentioned above under
J.-.1-ES DOHBROK-'SKI'S name.
A photograph of the above mentioned letter dated November 16,
1950 written by _ is being enclosed as Exhibit No. 1.. -
_ is in Florida at the present time, too ill to be interviewed, and
. . _ _ . _' t1S not expected to live. .. lead 15 being sot out to contact the S ate
Americanization Committee of the lmericzn Legion at Nashville to locate
the Socialist Party bulletin re rred to. The original of
letter is in possession of Tracy City, Tennessee.
Several other persons are presently living at the school and
appear to have some official connection with the school of a more perma
nent nature than those listed later as teachers.
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HIGHIANDEH FOLK SCHOOL _ >142 h~1o-la
e I .NKIING, w ose hom
nue, Signal Mountain, Tennessee, and whose
mother, Mrs. FRLNK G. , runs an antique shop in Red Bank, Tenn-
essee, is employed at the Highlander Folk School and lives there at the
present time. Postmaster at Monteagle, Tennessee, saysLOUISE CONKLIH9Pis secretary of the school and recently replaced Miss
LOUISE GRLTHAF DICHAN, who is presently residing at 235 West Henomonee
Street, Chicago, IllinoisAv
bliss J.d~1EfLLE1~I was reported by to have
arrived at the school on about March 15, 19hl and seems to be helping
carry on the business of the school, but her exact duties and position
are not known. She is believed to be from Flint, Michiga as lettersfrom the school are being addressed to Mr. and Hrs. W. R.?ALLEN, 1701
East Hamilton Avenue, Flint, Michigan. letters addressuftc Flint, Mach-
igan did not make their appearance until after Miss ALLEN arrived at the
school.
hr.'C. H. KIIBY, an employee of the iu"uessee Consolidated
Coal Company, whose office is at Tracy City, Tennessee, has been extremely
interested in getting the Highlander Folk School out of Grundy County
because of the trouble they have stirred up there among the WPA employees
and the bugwood cutters and this matter has almost reached the point of
being an obsession with him. He has organized a committee of local resi-
dents of the better class which call themselves the Grundy County Crusaders,
whose sole purpose is to combat the Highlander Folk School and its teach~
ings. The antagonism that each of these groups feels for the other has
reached such a point that there was danger of open conflict between them
during November of l9hD and it was feared for a time that local citizens
would burn the Highlander Folk School building. In all contacts in this
investigation, the persons interviewed were questioned regarding Er. KIIBY
and they were uniformly of the opinion that he is a reputable citizen
and that his feeling toward the school is a patriotic desire to rid the
county of a subversive influence. Those interviewed were also questioned
regarding the possibility of Mr. KILBY'S position with the coal company
and the labor troubles which coal companies occasionally have being
responsible for his feeling in the matter, but everyone advised they had
never heard Mr. KILBY make any remarks against organized labor and in fact
believed that he was entirely in favor with it. There was no evidence
that the Tennessee Consolidated Coal Ccmpany was furnishing any financial
aid to I-Ir, KTLPY or rem-osting +.h1t he r-arry on his activities against the
svhonl.
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montumss FOLK scnoot 61-12 LL-10-in
1 Mr. KILBY has amassed quite a large quantity of corres-
pondence, leaflets, printed matter and such which the school has dis-
tributed and has obtained numerous affidavits from persons who have been in
the sehzel as students and from natives who have had some connection with
the school. These signed affidavits are being set out as Exhibits Nos. 5
through 20. It will bo noted that in almost every instance these affi-
davits mention the Communist flag being displayed on the platform of the
soh:cl, teachings of a definite Communist nature, and attempts on the
part of several of those connected with the school to get others to join
the Young Communist League. Where the Young Communist league is mentioned
in these affidavits, the persons identifying the card were shown a
Young Communist League Membership Card which has been photographed and
is being included with this report to the Bureau as Exhibit No. 2h. It
was not possible to determine the origin of this card and the names on it
are not known in Grundy County. This card is presently in Hr. KILBY'S
possession.
Exhibitho. 21 and 22 are included with the affidavits
in tr. KILBY'S file but have not been signed as yet. Mr. KILBY reportsR-mi # is entirely cooperative so copies of these two
exhibits are being sent to the Birmingham Office so that they can get a
c;mplete statement from -regarding the teachings and the teachers
it the school at the time he attended.
Exhibit No. 25 is a proposed affidavit which covers the
details of the article written by JOHN MCDOUGAL BURNS, reporter for the
Nashville, Tennessean, during his attendance in the school in 1959. Copies
cf these newspaper articles have previously been furnished to the Bureau
and are not being set out again.
Exhibit No. 2 is a repo of made while he
"35 92' .. 92 .. i tn 1 tc -
at that time. -n
??§%f" his been interviewed in the Knoxville Field concerning this
*1-art and he advises that it was made at the request of the Governor of*~r
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T LL School by the United States Government to finance a printing plant
was objected to by .--.mericr1n Legion officials. said he was
definitely of the opinion that the school was Communistic and that as a
result of his recommendations, the grant of money to the school was not
mldé.
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HIGHLANDER FOLK sensor. _ 61-12 L;-1e-L41
TEACHERS
In :-rder te indicate the type of persons who have instructed
students at the Highlander Folk Schcel, this section of the repert will
set cut the names cf thcse known to have acted as teachers at the schccl
in the past. .. descriptive felder put cut by the Highlander Folk School
fer its scheel year 1936, lists the fellcwing teachers:
mtes HORTON,
JJJIE-S nomssowsxi,
ELIZLBETH DAY PLXWES,
RUPERT 11-marrow,
FThe phetestetic ccpy of the report i dated é/C3.1-ay e, 1955, which is Exhibit N0. 2, shows mwyesew to have been ens
cf the teachers at that time.
JOHN MQDOUGAL BURNS in his articles in the Elsshville,M-'*"1*1¬3S§E:E. in 1-35$, -.1 reps-rt sf which is /ent-aimed. :hibit.N:>. 25,--.*__.*-.~;@:1.¢1~.s1£ instructors as w1L1.I.a1surrR1c1~:, Dr. .sTmJaR.-tees,=.1":~.t'..".~.1111"~?l;'.Y-..*-.c}1"r:1.1, NLRB, and Fm-.m</coFFeE, of Secial Security.
V :11 the unsigned statement ef Exhibit Ne 21,
f;1l';wing are listed as teachers at the schcol:
FRANZ JIEL husband cf ZILI.-A HAWES!,'f-',;LTEH9;1E.92R5ON,/
J. vs rasaseoorveetes use and Siuther-n/ Conference for Human Welfare!,
nor» MEICE ,I-iERBE!'D{»1LLI.'d.S,_R. H s:.zI:L,
~ cLYee:s;1.LI.=.ms.
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A Ccpy cf the Highlander Fling, published by the Highlander;;»< Sehecl, dated February, 19141, is listed as Exhibit Na, 25 and shewsllzwing as instructors or workers in the schccl in addition to these1'24
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HIGHLILNDER FOLK SCHOOL 61-12 L;-10-bl
,/01..-'-.151}! Lewis,nan hm mes,
ZILPI{[.~. HORTON wife cf IHLES HORTON!.
This issue of the Highlander Fling alsc lists an Executive
Czuncil which had just been farmed to wcrk with directers sf the schecl,
fermule. ting
cember lhth
that all 21"
discussicns
encitici, inighlander Fclk Schccl, An Informal
where this article wasprograms and policies. This ccuncil met at th schcel De-
and 15th and arranged a prcgrum for l9hl. It shruld be noted
th:se listed have at some time in the past conducted panel
during resident terms of the Highlander Folk Schcel:
BERNiRDDORlH, S:uthern Directcr, Amalgamated Clcthing
Wsrkers of America,ROYIREYNOLDS, President, Printing Pressmens Unic-n,
Chattanccga, Tennessee,LUCY RANDOLPH/MASON, Public Relations Repesentative
| for the C.I.0.,
EDWARD SJ CALLAGHAN, VicePresident and $.uth:rn Director,
kmcrican Federation cf Hosiery Workers,PAUL R.CHRISTOPHER, Executive Secretary, Tennessee Industrialkn Unicn Ccuncil,GEORGE TLER, United Mine Wcrkers ;f America, District 50,
Dr. ALBERTBLRNETT, Prefesser of Theelcgy, Scerritt College,
Nashville, Tennessee,HATT92IXNCH, American Federntisn of Hcsiery Werkers and
_ Chairman zf the Highlander Fwlk Schccl
Alumni Association,lLTONh§§RENCE, Southern Representative, Labor's Non-Partisan
League,Dr. GEORGE92N@YHEW, Professor sf Religion, Vanderbilt University,
Nashville, Tennessee,JOE D0535, Plumbers Unit;-n, .A.F. cf L., Chattanooga, Tennessee.
LEON92TJILSON is presen sly cc.:neCte.1 with the Highlander Fclk
Scheal in sums capacity as a teacher and lives at the school. The High-
i;;T Fling, Exhibit Ne. 25, lists an article written by LEON WllSON
It docs not
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HIGI-[LANDER FOLK SCHOOL _ 61;12 u-10-La
Reverend JOHN B. THON!1SON A.P.h-. and Southern Conference
for Human Welfare!, is listed as a former instructor at the Highlander
Folk School in a letter written by LEELES HORTON dated November 5, 19140,which is quoted on page 150 of the report of S ecial AgentWashington, D. 0., February 17, 19b1, entit1ed?AMERICAN PEACE MOBI u ION.
Go page 151 of the same remrt a press release of the Highlander Folk
School dated October 29, l9hO lists the following instructors:
H VERTON,BOW§{ERD, Regional C.I.0. Director,A.'LHAR'l»'i§LL, National Representative, Labor Non-
Partisan League,
BERNARD 1?-0t°=.-XH, Southern Director of the Amalgamated
Clothing Workers,
PAUL C}L11"3fuPHIER, Secreta.ryTreasurer of the '"c'1"1essee
°t'*i¬ Industrial Union C-ouncil,ALTON_D§."C~i.E1-ICE, Southern Director of Labor S I.c.'1~
Pa tisan League,1-'.lLLIJ=I.J:'3AVl1S, Director of the --'.-_:ge and Hours Division.
Additional persons listed only as speakers are as follows:
LUCY RANDOLPH,!¢L'1.5ON, Public Relations Representative
for the C.I.O.,GEORGE.B.»l-SS, of the United Rubber "Ho?-ears,
EL1:ss92 saovm, Presic.e11t of the Netv lork Local ~;
the 'Iypcgraphical Union,VIRGIL£C0h'I'JER, Editor of the Southern News Alsmansc cfthern Communist newspaper!,
ORVI LIE MASTIN, Cooperative Expert,Dr. LILLI.mZJom¢sor:, Donor of the Highlander Folk School
P1'°P@I Y:JGEUI .°>C?~IU.T.'IJiI., Eouthern .".epresont:tiw. *1 the United
Retail and Zlholcz-=.1l:_ lira}-n;:ccs -vi .;me.'i-2:,
ROY E=.1;,92."l';4D3, '~ resid-ant of the f.>1;*ta1r»ooga Pr.=w»t3.ng
?re35m3n'S Union.JOB/GBIDTJRS, Secrfctary ox the f2fV'92.l Rights ,cwr:'L"tteeD o? the Southern Conference for Human 1-.'e1f;r-e,
psmsls ransom, and
PPESTOII/V.'.LIBN, both of Fislce Ur-iversity,LLXHGOTIGAYIE, of t}1e"-Hr-»mrn's~3o:rri_+tc on »§o<1"'L*.i0n.
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HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 61-'12 ' Lt-10-u1~ p
SPONSORS
The Highlander Folk School has been successful in obtainingthe permission of many important persons to use their names as sponsors 92
of the school, itself, or some of its activities. The most important name
from th standpoint of publicity which they have secured is that ofEL£iNOR1HO0SEVELT. Exhibit No. 26 is correspondence in the files of Mr.
C. H. K LBY. In this exhibit it will be noted there is a report from some
unknown person three paragraphs in length on an investigation conducted
concerning H1LES HORTON. Exhibit No. 25 also contains on the front page
a pi~i~i+-~* <5-zur of a letter Cl:1"eCb8d by ELEANOR ROOSEVELT tb the Highlander
P11 3°h00l- Exhibit No. 27 is a photograph of a mimeographed sheet
Put out by the Highlander Folk School publicizing Mrs. ROOSEVEI-TS support.
_ Exhibit No. 28 is a photograph taken from a newsyaner
article nhich published a photoetat of the check and letter which she sent
V? The F11-shlander Folk Suhool in 19h0. Exhibit NO. 27 is being forwarded
wlth all letters sent out by the Highlander Folk School asking for con-
tributions from other persons.
_ Exhibit No. 29 is a photograph of an announcement sent out
by thi F i i Et0n Committee of the Highlander Fblk School about 1 benefit
to bi straw in Washington, D. C. on December 6, 19hO. It will be noted
that ".LCb{i ROSS has signed the letter of January 2?_ 19hl which is at-
tachel to t;-5 some exhibit and his wife*s namc appears on the cormittee.
The list of sponsors on this exhibit contsins many notable nameS."FAtn£ndi-cative of the inagtivo nature oi at least 1 part of this 9pg 9U¢sL1 , {g7Exhibit-Hay pg wn ,h 15 an exchange of 0O[PQ3DOndQno¢ between and tiSecretary CORDElL7;ULL, is enclosed.
' Exhibit N0» 31 is a photograph of a circular put out by the
Highlander Folk School concerning the sponsorship of thc school by JOHN L.
{LE-"HIS .
I
Exhibit No 25, previously mentioned, whinh iQTttQwf"@ntgd copv
cf £a' H ohLsndcr Fling, under the headline "ighlinder Benefit," rportg
on tn'_Wisnington Benefit held December 6, l9hO and in addition ¬"v: that
a New lo-k Committee gave a theater benefit on Jqfgzy 32, 19h}. A list of
13* '~_T" 11-.f {.. ll bswh 1->34-0'-H is; g,;i.92.mn.
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FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION
FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET
L
92-
Pagetsl withheld entirely at this location in the le. One or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
i ~ '7 E . Deleted under exemption s! ,__, . _ With no Seg1egable
material available for release to you.
Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Document s! originating with the following government agencyes! _ , ___
__ , __ 7 , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you.
Page s! referred for consultation to the following government agencyes!; #a_:_____l_mr
t__ t,__ __H, 7' as the information originated with them. You will
be advised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI.
Pagetsl withheld for the following reason s!:
Q For your information: _ ___
lg/Th following number is to be used for reference garcling these pages
!C~'.XT92@XX
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4-750 -7-79! l xxxxxx
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET
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information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Documens! originating with the following government agency ies! -
__. _. H , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you.
Page s! referred for consultation to the following government agency/ ies!; e..ui__i_i
__ __y _, _ __ as the information originated with them. You will
be advised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI.
Pagelsl withheld for the following reason s!:
For your information: _____ __ __ _
"Phi followinigjnumber is to be used for reference reérrcgng these pages:
_ I 1! I _- '1 _ Y L1,3? J " /Q LL. ¢=-'- 5 rd?-3, I .2 ! i7. ,
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EISCELLANEOUS
University of
the South at Sewanee, Tennessee, when questioned regarding studentswho had own an interest in the Highlander Folk School, advised that a
who received his B.A. and Masters Degree from the University
of the South
- had been curious regarding e courses of ins ction at the Highlander
*- ii: School and was believed to have taken the u r course there in l9L|,O.
says he does not believe that is a Communist and would
in all probability give full details of his attendance at the Highlander
Folk School. A lead is being set out to interview him.
n
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I-Eiol-IL NDER on SCHOOL 614-2 14-10411
BERN RD BORIQ, Reglstered
IS DO1E3H0 {SKI
F- TU ,1 '1-'f".92-Edi
JILL hO'R'l N
ZELPHIA HORTON
nILLI.H BUTTRICY
HEY L. THE¢92|uE{
B c"usc MYLES HORTON was known to register at the
R nco :. a ch-ck of re"'1=tr tlons was mde Wlth the E1-SSl5uE.- ' nceé a.dv1sed um he knew all of thls group
tn ch*ck1ng through reglstmtlons he pomted out of h1s own volltlon
*"'11ow1ng p*r=acns whom he stated were connected vnth the Hlghlander
L lk School and who h_.d zeglstcred t the hotel at V'8.IlO|.1S tlmesz
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HIGHLANDEH FOLK scnoor. 61-12 h-10-bl
It will be noted that three registrations are shown for May
19, 19bO in the_names of MILES HORTON, ZELPHIA HORTON and WILLIAM BUTTRICK.
This is the day preceding the meeting of Communists mentioned above and
is probably the group from the school which _remembers as being
registered at the hotel at about that time. In connection with these
registrations it was noted that DOHBROWSKI called tele number
I
a box left at the Park Hztetl, Knoxville, by HORTON with the name or the
Highlander Folk School on it. This box was examined at the Park Hotel by
Special Agent and Knoxville ?e1ice Department,
and was found to contain a number of bcoks, most of which were child:-en's
stories, and fiction books of an innocuous nature. Included in the box
'.-:ere 2 fer: books of interest because cf their radical labor or political
ehrrrt-er, These are set out as fellows:
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"The Econorrgr of Abundance," by STEW§.RT CHASE. Mo]-Jillan Company,
"Eakers of Freedom, by SHERWCOJT! EEIIY and KIRBY PRGE. George Borne Co.,
"The 5:_cia1 Principals of Jesus," by WALTER RAUSCHENBUSCH,
"There is Confusion," by JESSE RED}-JONT FAUCET,
"The R-cad Ahead, :1 primer of Capitalism!," by HARRY W. LAIDIER,
Crowell Company,
"The Causes of War, by ARTHUR PIRROTT- Mchillan Company,
"History and Problems of Organized Labor," by FF..NK TRLCEY CARLTON, HKIE,
-Qu C. Heath Company, New York,
"F Cunpany " GENE RICHARD BLOC!-I Simon 5: Schuster.~ ~ : 1II05 92 on I v 1 Q 92 _ in u 1 ll -92 no an o92qI192I|-I-921r 1921_ '|92 n_'.__ I. ._._.._-..__ 1T&U8 UnlCnlSm ERG LQDCP FPODLBMS," DY Wm. L. lfLL1, f-U- Ul G ucmpany,
"Christianity and Labor Problems," KIRBY P.-.GE, etc. Associated Press.
_ 1.15 checking registrations Chattanooga,
it was noticed that a large group of perscns registered in from New York
and that the cards were marked Uphaus.
explained that this group came to Chattanooga about once a year and seemed
to be some sort of a traveling school. He produced a letter received from
this group making reservation at the hotel and it was noted that the name
was the/Re1ig'on and Labor Foundation, 106 Carmel Str et, New Haven, Connecti-cut, T»"ILLF.BD 'G'P1'LAUS, Executive Secretary, LEON ROSSER?LAND, Chairman,CHARLES F.l.!.-1cLENN!92N, Hid/West Secretary. The person who registered in for
the group was CHARLES Cw WEBBER, Group Leader, 551 West l22nd Street,
New York, New Ysrk. On July 17, l9hO while this group was registered at
ca11ed lens dist=m<=e to Menteasle,
Tennessee. The person called at Lionteagle could not be determined but
S stated he had heard some of the group mention going to the High-
lander Folk School when they left Chattanooga. Since Hr. WEBBER, who li5T-er
himself as Gr:-up Leader, gave a New York address, a lead is being set cut
fer New Ynrk to cheek him and the activities of the Founclation.
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For the benefit of the New Orleans Office, the following
excerpt from a form letter requesting funds dated Ehrch 8, 19b1, which was
sent :ut by the Highlander Folk School, is quoted: _
"Added to our community program is the activity of the staff in the labor
field. Our extension worker, MARY IAWHENCE, is expecting to leave soon
for educational work with unions in New Orleans, where a large orgqiizational
drive is in progress. A special two weeks' session for union members will
open here on May 12."
As an example of the type of literature distributed by the
Highlander Folk School, Exhibit No. 52 is being enclosed. It will be noted
that mention is made of 8,000 minors in Grundy County who will be affected
by an increase in salary of one dollar per day and that the local merchants
will benefit in a total amount of $8,000 per day as a result. The entire
popullion of Grundy County is only 9,717, according to the 1950 census.
L IL KILBY of the Tennessee Consolidated Coal Company at
Tracy City, Tennessee, which is in Grundy County, advises that there are
less than 1,000 miners in the entire county.
In Exhibits numbered 5 through 20, numerous references are
made to strike activities on the part of'MYLES HORTON, WILLIAM BUTTRICK,
JAMES DOMRGWSKI and ZILLA HiWEScamong the residents of Grundy County. There
are two specific instances mentioned in which the activities of these per-
sons from the Highlander Folk School caused strikes which definitely lowered
the income cf the persons striking.
One of the few industries of Grundy County is the cutting of
wood for pulp purposes,which is known as bugwcod cutting. Before these bug~
wood cutters were organized by persons from the Highlander Folk School
they were getting a price cf $1.50 per cord for the wood they cut. After
the strike the price was dropped to one dollar per cord and the quantities
purchase! were dropped to such an extent that only about half of those pre-
vicusly employed cutting this wood were again employed for the same purpose.
The other local strike organized by persons from the Highs
1:53;? Folk School was that of the W.P.i. workers. Approximately eight
hundred persons were employed by W.P.A. in Grundy County, working on farm-t0-
market roads but a definite slowdown of work and a subsequent strike in
which sitdown tactics were used so much delayed the work that the W,P.A. was
forced to curtail the program and after the strike only L00 persons were re-
employed on the road project.
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1 In Exhibit No. 2 a strike at the Richmond Hosiery Mills
at Daisy, Tennessee in 1955 is mentioned in which persons from the school
took e leading part in a riot which resulted in one of them being shot.
A lead is being set out to obtain more definite information regarding this
activity.
In about 19314 or 1955 an attempt was made to organize
textile mills in Knoxville, Tennessee, during which several raids were con-
ducted bv vigilante committees and a great deal of Communist literature
repo-rtedrtc have been destroyed. In discussing this matter with
of the hnowille Police Department and -§ new with aft Bo:1rdNo. 2 but. who was at that time Dr
Kncxville, Tennessee, it was determined that no official
action was taken at that time but that a strong vigilante committee com-
posed of legionnaires and other local citizens had raided several different
houses and had run the sccs1_led Cormrninists out of tm. No arrests were
made and no record was maintained of any of the literature found nor of the
persons concern-and in the agitation. However-, be-th 3-HEM;
- remember that FRANZ DANIEL and ZILL . PIAWES were the leaders in the
a;;itr.tion and that they were known to be connected with the Highlander
Folk School at that time.
Q has cme mention c! a
t 1936 and this is believed to strike at a hosiery mill at R
be the same strike mentioned in Exhibit No. 1. From
report is is believed that FRANZ DANIEL, ZILLA I~I.-XWES and MYLES HORTON were
the instigators of this strike and that the persoz picked up with the
Cormmmist literature in his possession while on the road to join the High-
lander Folk School was named 1-IILBURN. I". lead is being set out to check
this inforzratisn at Rockwood.
Due to the number of local contacts made by M. C. H. KIIBY
around Mcnteagle and Tracy City and the number of affidavits obtained by
him from local persons, no additional investigation is being conducted at
the present time to futher verify the information contained in these
affidavits. In the event that it later proves to be necessary, all of
these persons mentioned in the affidavits can be located as they are local
residents who are classed as natives of this mountainous section and seldom
leave their homes.
- PENDING
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HIGHIJ-.NDER FOLK SCHOOL 61-12 L;-10-L|.'J.
§Ji¢,LQ,5U1§E5=
TO B11?!-:!II92IGIi-KM:
TO
iwm
£11"Exhibit No. 21, photostatic copy of record of evidence thatcan be given by iii?Exhibit No. 22, photostatic gopy of unsigned statement of /UD '
THE BUREAU:
L1'l' dated November 23 l9hO'9',//.-/ rQ_Bx11ibit No. Lu Photostat of15 December 16, 191,0,
i,-1I
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92> F ~r92 *1Exhibit No. 1, photograph of a letter fromAthens, Tennessee, to # Pweetwater, -
Tennessee, dated 11-16-L0, _Exhibit No. 2, ' _tat of reportofb to& ated my B, 1955- cl5-I4 Exhibit No. 3, photostat of affidavit of *
affidavit of b dated
I .
affid-vit of
F.-iyibit No. 6, photostat of uzasigned %,._ dated December c, 19110, iExhibit No. 7, photostat of affidavit of .,dated January L1, 19141, ' Eaffidavit ob Exhibit N0. '8, photostat ofdated January 7, 19b1, i _
Exhibit No. 9, photostat of affidavit of
dated December 21, 19140, - _- Exhibit No. 10, photostat of affidavit of *
V dated February 12, 19141, "
Exhibit No. 11, photostat ofaffidavit of-
dated January 11¢, 19141, ' " '
Exhibit No. 12, photostat of affidavit of
dated January 3, 19141,
-Exhibit No. 15, photostat of letter from the National
Youth Administration, Nashville, Tennessee, dated August
174, 1959,Exhibit No. lL;,photostat of affidavit of
December 18, 191:0, _ '
Exhibit No. 15, photostat of affidavit of ated
February 2;Exhibit No. 5, Photostat of
dated December 16, 19240,
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Exhibit No. 17, photostat of affidavit of é
December 50, 19140,Exhibit No. 18, photostat of affidavit of b
dated Janus-.r}.' 2, 1.9141, /1Exhibit No. 19, photostat of affidavit h dated
December 28, 19b0, - 1 _,~,Exhibit No. 20, photostat of affidavit of i p
dated December 28, 19140, _
Exhibit No. 21, photostat oi evidence which can be given by
dated February 22, 191:1,
Exhibit No. 22, unsigned statement of dated
X February 214, 19111, _Exhibit No. 25, photostet of .e proposed aifida.vit covering
information given in newspaper articles written by JOHN
L URNS th Nashville TennesseanI}ZcDOU~J'.t in 6 ' , ,
Exhibit No. 2b, photog ph of Young Communist League card
bearing name
Exhibit No. 25, copy of the Highlander Fling, Vol. 3, No, 1, .February, 19b1, ¢4¬'Fv Exhibit No. 26, photograph of letters written_
by ELEANOR ROCSEVELT,
Exhibit No. 27, photograph of leaflets put out by the High-
lander Folk School concerning Mrs. RO0SEVELT'S report,
Exhibit No. 28, photograph of newspaper article showing check
<1 1 tt r Hrs P.oo:*"v="LT in who an e er rom t . o .. ,
Exhibit No. 29, photograph of program of benefit held !ay
Washington Committee for the Highlander i of a
- a d Januar 19141 si ed byI92 letter d te y 27, , gn
Exhibit No. 50, photograph of exchange of correspon ence be-
tween and Secretary CORDELL HULL,
Exhibit No. 231, photograph oi leaflet put out by the 1-gh-
lander Folk School concerning endorsement by JOHN L. LEWIS,
Exhibit No. 52, original mime-ographed leaflet put out by
Highlander Folk School concerning increased pay oi miners
union members.
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I-IIGHLRNDER FOLK SCHOOL - 61-12 L.-10-1.1
minsvsmesn IEADS:
At Birmingham, Alabama, will determine the reliability of
the DuBose PublishI§"C5555§-553: TT possible, determine what printing
has been done by them for the Highlander Folk School. It should be borne
in mind that this Duhose Publishing Company has also done printing for the
Southern Conference For Human Welfare and has at least quoted on work in
the rest for the Southern Worker, the Communist newspaper in the South.
ville T"h*~= will obtain all nossible informationfrom h.-;é*@stis%é&%'%£:>.£i~.>{:.sgss. 21 85¢ 22, enclosed. " '°
At -E1819-D-Q.*li_.1lE.h:2£D.Zi will interview who is
emplwed ' deterrrline if he
has attended a session of the Highlander Folk School and, if so, obtain all
possible information regarding the courses, teachers, and students. Will
"ls: reptrt all connections with the Communist Party of any activity or per-
sons at the school.
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THE DETROIT OFFICE: .
At Flint Mi will determine whether
recent arrival a is related any manner toH a
in
_ é .... d to be e fo '
resident o Flint, will determine her activities and reputation there.
TIT KNOXVILLE OFFICE:
At Tracy City, Tennessee, will re-contact Hr. C. H. KILBY
for such new infcrla't':i'on*as messy receive concerning the school.
{Lt Lion lo, Tennessee, will re-contact
for _ r
L»-
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At Norris, Tennessee, will re-contact
Q employed in the Forestry Division of the Tennessee Volletv
Authority for complete informati-on regarding a trip he made to the Highlander
Fclk School in ccnnection with his forestry work and also regarding an attempt
made by MYLES HORTON or JAMES DOIABROTISKI tc make :1 speech at Norris during
1955 or 1936- ,
it Chattanooga, Tennessee, will contact
for any new in.f_'~";rmation he
is able to obtain regarding LOUISE B. CONKLING, Secretary of the Highlander
Folk School.
-i-- er
At Daisy, Tennessee, will cont:-zct3 ills, for all information in his possession ' '
cmcerning a strike at his plant during 1955 when the strikers were led
by .1 delegation from the Highlander Folk School.
7 A F»
At Rockwcod, Tennessee, will re-contact '5' /Q-
the Highway Patrol and from him :-Stain the names oi those local citizens who
were on the vigilante committee during the hosiery mill strike in 1955 or in
1956 and from these local citizens will obtain complete details concerning the
participation oi persons from the Highlander Folk School with this strike
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I~I1GHL..NDER 1-"on< SCHOOL 61-12 L;-10-44,1
and in particular, will determine the name of the person, thought to be
HILBURN, who was f;und with ccnsideruble Conmmnist literature on his person
connecting him with the Highlander Fclk Schcol.
THE LOUISVILLE OFFICE: ,
ll. Pl.-....__ Y}'__..L_._1__ __ I _.L_.__._'___ 4_1__ _1__.___4____ _._J ____at ncrea, nunbucxy, W1 T¢BI'Hi.1.Il '3 I/HG CI1E!I:1C'D¬I EEO. TEPU.mun <>f --'h=» e==- {Z p,drrsed a check made rut by the Highlander Folk School to HYLES HORTON in the 7
amzunt cf $29.65 sbcut February 15, l9bl. This check was deposited in the
THE MEMPHIS OFFICE:
it Neshville, Tennessee, will get e certified copy of the
charter of the Highlendef FEIE"SEE¬¬I'Trcm the Secretary of State and will
obtain copies cf such cerrespcndence as may have been written or received
at any time concerning this Ch3%i1"-
and &pp&r@ntl} heed uf the Americanizaticn Committee
at one time. Particular search shruld be made for a bulletin of the Reve-
lutionary Policy Committee cf the Socialist Party issued in April, l95h
which was signed by JAMES DOMBROWSKI, FRANZ DANIEL and ELIZABETH HAWES.
will obtain any other pertinent infsrmetien from the Anerican Legion files
concerning the Highlander Folk Schcol.
TPIG l.E{.*-MI OFFICE:
,/" it Gainesville Fl;rida, will determine the present activity":
Station
9292' At the State American Legion Headquarters, will contact the
Amcrieenizaticn Committee to determine whether it has en of the reccrds :
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THE NEW YORK OFFICE:
will determine if an acccunt is main
High1ander'Folk School,
MYLE5 HORTON,
JAMES DOMBRUWSKI,
ELIZABETH HAWES.
Will check at 99 Claremont Lvenue to determine if a family
bearing the last name SCHULTZ lives there cr has lived there in the past.
Will determine the reputaticn and activities cf the SCHULTZ family which
might link them with the Communist Party. Will also determine
SHULTZ, cr E. B. SHUETZ, is related, it being noted that a bii
recently sent t: the Highlander Fclk School, one of which bore
ANNA L. SCHULTZ at the absve address.
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cf bszks was
the name of
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Will check the reputation and activities of _ ,2 ,,G who signed himself on the register Chattanooga, "'as Group Leader for the Religion and Labor F-und.at1o n, 551 west l22nd Street, j .-Isl!
New York. This gr.-up is also known as the Uphaus Group ani apparently c:n- ' -
ducts some kind of a labor school.
1.15m-zoron FIELD OFFICE:n, c. will determine the re utaticn and 7¬-
u»LlVltiCs cf
'2 '1.
4-750 <2,7-rm .
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xxxxxx
xxxxxx
FEIJEIML BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFDRMATIUN SHEET
/
indicated, explain this deletion.
E5/A-1 E $70__"-ll Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the le. One or more of the following statements, where
" with no segregable Deleted un er exemptionlsl /
material available for release to you.
I
'_lL__iinformation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
liifonnation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
L__- Uocumentls! originating with the following government agencylies! __ .... _._ _
_ 2 _ . . __ , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you.
e-. Parrots! referred for consultation to the following government agency iesl; __i___,e______
as the information originated with them. You will
in r! '~92 ised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI.
_ rz:.ut-* .~- 92192lLfll19ld for the following reas0n s!:
f"
r 1 or xuur inforrnation: B _ /WE-NW2 NED
Pelee/~'T n/.£> li§?2'-Q cu /9»-sees» 52//_;?éL..
it? The following nunlber is to he used for reference regarding these pages:
/- L-_7.é /I L-2 d £~¢» __g?S <./R E ___ _
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX DELETED PAGE S! §
§No DUPLICATION FEE X
X FOR THIS PAGE X
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
FBI-/DOJ
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4 .=.;*?.t*;:1.=cE:/ tliII.LlAI. T.92 .J'lI'R1CK, :12. entered tm1- ii
vet-"sity o Florida, Gainesville, Florida, i
February l, 1941 and is presently taking
course in Social Science. He is residing
in dormitory. No indication of subversiveactivities there. < ["75
P
Report or Special Agent _ '7-" '
Knoxville, Tennessee dated 4/10/41¢
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B5"aéhington Road, Aaheville. He gave his home address ear?
lfcnteagle, Tennessee when he filed his application on .Tenuary""~§
1:3, 1941 and Stated he ettended Asheville, North Carolina High *
School £11131 1924 to 1928, City College QLLshevi11e from 1928 to
1930 and Duke University from 1930 to 1931- He entered the
University on February-1, 1941 and is majoring in Social Scienceapparently with a view of getting a degree to work as a 'lZB8¢hB1aBe is single and e Methodist. ' o ' T
EU'!"IRICK stated in his application that he had been " =
1;-reviously employed selling magazines, radios, and real estatei
2.4-at he had done some writing for the IPA Writers Project in _ -
Irorth Caroline; that he had taught in the NYA Camps in ' ' ' '
ifennsylvenia and had tew;gt_-at the Highland folk School. _
advised that he hel ieves his college is
free oi any orqanized radical element; that he tries to keep a
close rs:-.tch on this situation and occasionally when s disturbing
element show: up he is eliminated. He stated that FU'I'I."{ICK is un-
kno-vn to him ant. he has never had any reports on him, and that no
confirmation was made by the school oi his teaching activities at
the Hirghlend Folk School. ' -
Agent interviewed Directors oi
Residence, _ He stated that he had never received
any unfavoratle reports on FUITRICEI; that he had conversed with
1T."'!'I.°.ICK on two occssiors, once -when he first entered the Uni-
versity and applied for the monitorship job for Section "3" where
he resides but was not successful "in obtaining the position. No
reason was given by BUl. i'-IICK in applying for this position, but
it carries e $24 fee per semester, which he believes was the motive.
Litre recently FUTTRICE bed contacted him and reserved s room until
ricrt Febraery. He stated that he would rake a discreet inquiry and
advise Agent further on the matter-
Sut;equently r.§t'i£r Agent hy telephone that
he Lad contacted Section *3. monitor and also 'fTL*'II'RICiZ'S rO0L'm:ate
14;.--3 they reported that he is not inclined to he very sociable;
that he has but little to any and is very studious; that he claims
to Le sauffering from a heart ailment and he has not by words or
acts indicated any eutve;--sive tendencies. e A
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lnfomiation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
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Page-! referred for consultation to the following government agencyes!; __i?___i___
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T 2ii,12,13,1J4 I!¢..This case originated at KNOXVILLE, ENE. p' File No. 61-12 -
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Report made at Date made Period Report made by
_. - ____ ,1 .!TT xi _ I as ll- -__----r.._.l.._
! TitleI Character of case
HIGHLANDQR FOl£ SCHOOL INTERNAL SECURITY - C
92
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RZFEREPCE;92,'{ '
1"14/ ?
of I1'hlander Folk School and members of its
faculty lnfAdditional information conce ning past activities -
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.8; 4".--F _ F -cate Communist'I5§nin s of school '
_ P- HEREINI U CLASSIFILDT F nrLH192fF6RMA¥|0N ClDN_TAIhED
DATE BY»Y%§I_£§
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M1-3=&;.a*-»15=4 1!. i HIGHLM-EDIE FOL}? SCHOOL >1-12
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Lonteagle Post Office and given the following list of students:
BI LLY cmrnrass,5, _ _- 3 92 SIDI'JE1' PITTE1-IPURT? '* ,-' JOEL MATTHEWS,
- PAUL vmm, M..- -
3 FELIX CAILLEI-YET,
omm nu; LEE,
'- mast EEHEIR-IA,
.a1.v1r: sc L2, ,__. . _ __.1f - ILCER,
111 LLIA1-' .1.VIS-.
were listed as:
PAUL GREEEQG:I
1
announced a summer
l9hl. Sponsors of the workshop
'~.fILLIAI.{ s. KNICKERBOCKERJULIA COLLIER;-LARJYIS, 5]
1:1 LLEN em-m, and
BABBTTE DEUTSCH.
Teachers were listed as
CHARLES WJ FERGUSON, Associate Editor of the Readers;
Digest;MARY92IAPSLEY, Former teacher of writing at Hood
College, Maryland;PHIIIPMMILHOUS, Student at the University of
North.Carolina.
¬ "
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W. _ H167-IL.»'-92.I'ID12."i FOLK SCHOOL 61-12 '
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'-;_ ,. 7'- :' 4r - ' '-_x.. , --_f'qv;_,,',.- 1 = - .-: .' - --.- J92; ' .exf Guest speakers were listed as J;lE;92STILL and HARRY HARRISON
I, LROHL.
1: ""£ 1 lhe cost of the session is given as thirty dollars and there are
no scholastic requirements. An invitation was given to trade union workers,
college students, "Y" members, church groups and farm organizations. Also
included in each of the 1,650 envelopes mentioned above was a press release
dated hay l, 19b1, announcing a two weeks session commencing may 12, l9hl.
The courses are listed as: "Singing, dramatics, discussion of labor problems
and history, speeches, reading and recreation." Speakers and special teachers
for this session are listed as:
JOHN T§92JONES, Director of Labor Non Partisan League;
HOLLIS V. REID, Chairman of the Tennessee Commonwealth
FRLNK OFFEE, So ial Security Board;
Reverend LSUURTL SKITH, Southern Cooperative Conference;
ROBERT L CRUDEN, Publicity Director, United Rubber Workers;
PAUL R§92CHRISTOPHER, Seeretary~Treasurer, Tennessee Industrial
Union Council. 'F deration;WILLSQQ M. EAVES, Regional Wage and Hour Division;
Also announced was a "Labor's Non Partisan league Institute,"
hay 17 to 18, under ALTON LLTRENCE, Southern Representative; the Annual
Tri State Hosiery Institute, June 7 and B, announced by EDTARD F. CALLITHAN,
Southern Director, American Federation of Hosiery Workers.
An issue of the Highlander Fling, published by the Highlander
Folk School, dated April, 19b1, contains the following articles of par-
ticular interest: '
" FURIER STUDEHTS ORGAHIZING
Here are the current organizing and negotiating activities of Highlander
students: '
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/°75'" HIGHL-.NDER FOLK scaoor. 61-12
1
.-
'Z~'w'L.Cecii92§egues, member of the mine, Mill and Smelter Workers, recently or-
ganize the Dixie Metal Products Company of Bessemer, Alabama, a touch job
to judge by previous attempts at unionization there. Currently he is
negotiating a contract for the new union. Cecil is also business agent for
the Wholesale Local of the Birmingham Retal Clerks.
An election was recently eld and non by the TWUA at the Lo 's ille Sani-tary Wipers Company. Liiqgadon, Highlander 19h, joined Hagxigbons in the
two week organizing that b ought on the victory. Lil Yadon is a board mem
ber of the TWUA, Local 2.
Ed >§lair, who attended Highlander on the Eleanor Roosevelt Scholarship, is
organizing for the Amalgamated. it the successful Cluett strike in Atlanta
he was in charge of the entertainment on the picket line and in the striketent. /J. 5}92¬radford is organizing for the International Cement, lime, and Gypsum
gerker L. F. of L.! in Knoxville.
hosiery organizer and President of the Highlander Alumni Association, Matt§:r; r"3 9292Lyn h is back in Tennessee after several months of activity in Mississippi.
f Q H John late, TWUA, was one of the contract negotiators at the Mansfield Mills,
<~
i?
HQ5:Lnmbe ton, N. 0., which brought wage increases ranging irom 5 per cent to
15% per cent. John's Union has acquired a new hall.
Other Alumni ActivityBilly:§§aileys local ILGWU, in Atlanta, new has a hall. Billye is
direct of the union's educ tional program, and sends the following details.
There are Classes for white members and for negro members in union procedure,
parliamentary law and public speaking, history of trade unions and the
IIGWU, and study of garment manufacture. In the recreation line there are
bingo games, bowling trams, and N. I. Q.'s, again for white members and
colored members. Plans are being made to extend the classes to Griffin,
Georgia, where there are other Highlander alumni.
1VirginiajSwann was elected recording secretary of her Nashville Hosiery
Local, lest her job, and is now working at Gastonia.
._1,..
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/ J6... _ HIGHLLNDER FOLK scnoot 61-12
TENNESSEE COM!.1ONTTEALTH FEDERI ION ORGANIZED
Accepting the challenge of John B. Thompson, chairman or the Southern Con-
ference For Human Welfare, that "a 1 men are to be judyad in their devotion
to real democracy by their willingness to defend and e tend it in times of
emergency," the Tennessee Conference on Democracy meeting in Nashville on
T%shington's birthday organized the Tennessee Commonwealth Federation.
The purpose of this organization is "to join in common cause all men and
*¢nen, including those who labor on the farm, in office, mine, mill, or
elsewhere, for CTC¬Tt¬d independent political action."
H. V!92eid, legislative representative of the Railroad Brotherhoods, was
made o airman anl an executive board was elected from the C.I.0., A.F. of L.,
the four Railroad Brotherhcods, d liberal groups who had jointly spon-sored the COnfC;unC8¢ Hrs. Ruthjgutler, 1018 Cotton Crates Bldg., Nash-
ville, is the Eeceration's Secretary.
1, ;_;;lution the Federation condemned the "Grundy County Crusaders," point-
ing out that the Crusaders attacks on labor people and labor institutions
constitute a throat to democracy and national unity.
RECENT EIIDORSEIIENTS
The United Mine Workers, local 7708 in Grundy County, and the International
Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers Union are among the organizations which
have recently endorsed Highlander.
_ scxmnumz FOR 19141
May 12-2h Two week term for union workers.
J;n; 7 and 8 Institute for American Federation of Hosiery Workers.
.222: 92l Junior Union Camp.
Tune 50-July 28 Work Camp for America.
*"ly 26~August 9 Writers Workshop.
""""+ 18-September Z? Six week term for union workers. "
_ 5 _
.. .w~II*I'-'%;*"i_~;~'..'Li 7.77 _ __ -._____._____,Y__ _ _,_.w._._____ is _-_--- ----- -
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lnfon-nation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Uocumentlsl originating with the following government agencyiiesl _ _ _,_ _ _
___ E, E em _ , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you.
Pagelsl referred for consultation to the following government agency ies!; *_.t....___i
__________,_v_,_ _____ ____. ___ -__ ._ ._ E as the information originated with them. You will
be advised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI.
Pagelsl withheld for the following reason s!:
For your information: _ _ i
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indicated, explain this deletion.
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Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Docuinent s! originating with the following government agencyes! ,
t _ _ _ t_ , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you.
Page s! referred for consultation to the following government agencyes!; w%
_,c_t _ We ___c as the information originated with them. You will
he ;id'.'isod of availability upon return of the material to the FBI.
Page sl withheld for the following reason s!:
For your information: _ _ __ _ __
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f . 9292
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"* ¢~*~ 2it*vu;h his company has had considerable labor troub
.-1-.;&
>F wr1"}V ...HIGLLAKDER FDIK SCHOOL 6l~12
Gager Lime hanufecturi
she-.= -wood, T resides at Sownnce,
lo during the pas
the trouble es1- -,i- has not been able to definitely trace cny oi
noting st the Highlrmdor Folk School.
hen alumnus oi the Iiighlander F011»: SchcoHe
Tennessee, stated that
t few
1,
.-S" lT_L5 been e constant troublem.-1?-:er at the Sager ljJ}l0 inn-" u1"z.cturing Company%m5Lw : * i z " * *
. , e _ sever-" years ego some persons from the Highlander
7 -
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92. -em
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_'.!KJChOO1 came to tho lime comoeny Mlth a motion picture camera and BX"
iinod that they more tcking pictures concerning workers in East Tennessee.
F.ttcjraphs were taken of employees of the lime company, using the lime
@-t.;;::_;:*.-. trash heap as :1 bdckgroxmd. J-felt that this wz-1s done
__"_.,,N J. ,1-is-r to give an untrue picture of ";rorkin,'_.; conditions ct the lime company.
.t _ <lCl, Tennessee, stated that Dr. 1{I-IICLZ-I.IiBC'C1t1;R and DI. FI..EI.1..IllC;- Jsi-J35,
1'-hers oi the iacult;-' at the University of the South previously mentioned in
_: report, have both agreed to give courses of instruction at the High-
. -3 ---. I -Z 92---..,-.~i Folk School this S1.l1T'.-.l=Jr
,
zthmeetings atteted by i'i92'eDix -.L.lc_'1;5 h-is recently held ct least
or six students of the University of t
T11-colog;-,r students waited on Dr. JLLJES . Recently :1 conmittee oi
*._1u-zstod that he discontinue his connection with the Highlander Folk
d his peace activities. Dr, Ji.1..ES mode d very anti-British address
...22...
_'._~_--i____-_ .. __r=_=.__,__ .-_-?__,_cA_;,_,.,*,_ _ _ w- ==-,_ '_*_ _ *_. s _<7_: 1 *7; :A_': _-three
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and
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..-, »'7c, t :ue1uir.'o:m Fonz SCHOOL 61'-12
f meeting of the Yemen's Auxiliary of the University of the South during the
Lenten Season. The University of the South is an Episcopal school and the
i majority of the persons connected with it are decidedly pro-British, and.-'51 4--_'
a-JQg therefore the members of the Womenis Auxiliary were very upset at the tenor
was -.--_-emai--aw-..
1.C..92 ,,
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heQ,.,-;s_ ' of Dr. JhhES' speech. l
-:-.-=- -~
is?» l ff? f? IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!FIIIIIS!IIIIIISII!IIIIIIISIIIII!IIII'stated that Professor THOnAS cow.-J, previously mentioned 111
this report as being sympathetic toward the Highlander Folk School, is a
iormer classmate of JALES DOMBROWSHI, Secretary of the Highlander Folk
i ::+:1+:>H
he has upon several occasions treated JALES DOHBROHSKI and other persons
residing permanently or temporarily at the Highlander Folk School. Although
Gmndy County is the source of many charity patients at the
Q DO1..'.=3ROZIS1-II or other persons at the Folk School have never brought
any local people to the hospital for treatment. Payment for treatment given
to persons at the Highlander Folk School isceliays made by JALES DOnBROWSKI.
The November 21, 19hO issue of the Sewanee Purple, official
the students of the University of the South, reported a speech
Dr. JAiES I£&BROSKI before the Pi Gamma u Social Science Fra~
A portion of this article is set out as follows:organ of
given by
terni tjj.
."At its meeting on
q.____ _,,a;_. :_ _ ___ 4 L _ L' .1rraoer.l..t_,, nae =15Thursday, November lh, Pi Gamma so, Social Science
its speaker Dr. JALES DOHBRGHSKI, Director of the High-
lander Folk School near Monteagle. Dr. DOUBHOESKI holds a Doctorate from
Columbia University, is a graduate of the Union Theological Seminary in
New York City, and is an author of some note. He has been prominent in
labor education for a number of years.
The speaker discussed the religious background of the school. he pointed
out that most of the early faculty members were graduates of Union
Theological Semdnary and that some of the most generous supporters of the
school are church organizations and clergymen. He said that he, himself,
Hi; on;-.-i the labor cause through the religious channel.
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él TRACY QllggWTENES§E§}
LumberCompany, Tracy City, stated Eth-3t he made a Eelivery of lumber to the High-
lander Folk School in 1939- -went into the main building of the school
in search of someone to take delivery of the lumber. He noticed charts on
the well of one of the downstairs rooms depicting how to organize a meeting
by parliamentary procedure and92 how to get control of a meeting. He saw no
evidence of mountain craft wor1:92.
I related that JALES 1101.53;-;o:':s1';1 took motion pictures of the
strikers during the TJ.P.1a. strike in Tracy City in January and February of
l"}L'9. For these motion-pictures, the strikers wore their oldest and most
tattered clothing. Girls from the Highlander Folk School made speeches to
the T..'.P.A. strikers as to their rights.
concerning the YI P A. strike in Grundy County in January and rebruary of 1959:
C}-h>.RLE§',§£iDAlLS, County Road Superintendent, was a former student
and sy.npathizer of the Highlander Folk School. He demanded to be allowed
to appoint all ':.'.P.it. foreman on road projects. This the .I.P.A. authorities
: refused to allow him to do. Immediately thereter, agitation commence-:1 1
for a strike of the W.P.A. workers. often saw JAJLS DOl";ZBRO"n'."i'rII and
LIILBS HORTON out on W.P.A. projects talking to the workers. DO;-JEZRCIVSKI and
HE-RTON would leave when -come within hearing distance. When the
- strike was called, the J-.P.A. workers tool: over the -5-'.P.A. office at Tracy
City and staged a sitdown strike. HORTON and D01-EHO".'-{SKI brought girls
Highlander Folk School to the W.P.A. office ||'.'h81"G the strike was in
_ progress. Those persons from the Highlander Folk School made speeches to the
strikers, advising them as to the proper method of conducting the strike, md
the girls from the I-iighlr-_nder Folk School danced the strikers in the
'.I.P.A. office. A great deal of liquor was in evidence at the {i.P.A. office
during the sitdown strike. S stated that it is his understanding
that some of the girls from the Highlander Folk School had sexual relations
with some of the strikers. He has no proof of this allegation. w
further stated that although at the time of the strike about seventyfivo
percent of the "-.!.P..',. xrorkers in Grundy County were associated with or
sympathizers of the Highlander Folk School, only two or three h'.P.A. workers
no-.: have anyth;ng to do with the Highlander Folk School.J" --, 're... the
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HIGHLAPIDER FOIJI SCHOOL 61-12
stated that about three years ago he was in
___ -1 J LU U.LU.
for thecemetery
date on___.__..___ .|.1-.~ _,_.-.-1 .l."__- Q. .l-1.... I!-1 ...'l.»'T re.-..-J,-_-Q D.-.1], CA1-.A»."l -.qn-n»92-.-'92-nr-u-{:1 UDD Lilla I ULJLJ J1 UJH LJIU AILSILLLJ-lLLlUL J-'UJ.£L IJHH-UL!-L, DUCL1 bill-Alb
a tombstone. A group of students at the Highlander Folk
School were having some sort of s drill in the Folk School ground. A
whistle would blow and they would shout and shove each other around, then
when the whistle blew again, they would cease their activity. It was
opinion that they were practicing picket-line activity. 1'-hen
the students had finished this drill, they sat down and sang songs. One
oi the songs was to the
to Be," and some of the
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time was "I.'hose afraid
of the Big Bad Wolf.tune oi "The Old Gray Idare She Ain't ifhat She Used
words which _overhes;:-d were: Old man
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of the big bad cop," sung to the tune of Whose Afraid
st.".ted that upon two occasions several years ago
he was shot at from ambush. He can think oi no reason for this other than
his active opposition to the Highlander Folk School.
_s_tated that the Chattanooga Times, a
'nI'92v92+i"'1 +0 +'Hn H4 Pv1'92_|!'92Y'92r..':92r LJ bdu-L U I-4-L U UJJW I-1--Lé&bL92--Lil-Au 1 J..lL 92-I92-11 ,
U. U} JONES, local correspondent of the Chattanoo;a Times, has
to_ that local circulation has fallen ofi because of
I.daily
that hrs.
complained
this.
s ated that when the bakery workers were out on
SoIl e in the summer of 1957, I'Lr1l.PH TEFFEIHELLER came down from the Folk
.',;_n ' i ' '- ' 3 _ ' _ ~' J; -School
TELLER c
strikers
existingi ', _'hg'_q
'1EFF"_-IRTIJLLER said that The contract was just a scrap of paper.
are members of an ,;.F. of L. Union, have
the I-Iighlander Folk School.stated that his employees, who
since gone on record as opposing
_ related that
blez; the roofs off of several houses a
County, _ who is the local
.'*n'nn.'._|or1 |'.n +11?! ptl f.-n.==~: P|"' .".if1 'fQT.-:..y-¢-~.._-.-.- -V . . . . .---.- ~.- -'--- --- ---- - -
resentative of the Jational Red Crossd agitated among the strikers ulln h.d meetings with them. T'FF13R--
ontaoted_ and purported to be a representative oi the
int-ed out that the strikers had violated their
contract with _ by walking out without giving him notice,
"i
several years ago a small cyclone
t Leager, Tenriessee, in Grundy
representative of the Red Cross,
the victims oi the cyclone. 11 rcp-
camo to Tracy City and, in company
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1- and two others refused to sign, whereupon the Red Cross represen-
tative became angry and tore up the papers. That night, came to
and stated that he had reconsidered and wished to accept the
amount allotted to him. , stated that the reason he had refused to
Sign was that J.".I.ES DOl.EI.U1£'SKI and IJILES HORTOII had come to Laager and had
advised hirn to refuse to accept the amount proffered by the Red Cross inas-
much as it was insufficient. ______advised that the Red Cross later
paid - and the two others the original amount.
l stated th=@@
is a friend of DOI.3RO'.-'IS:'ZI and HORTON and a supporter of the Highlander
F011: School At e recent county Imzericcn Legion convention, _ opposed
a notion condemning subversive activities. These facts should be borne in
mind it connection nith any investigation at the Tracy City Post Office.
r. C. H.92KlLBI_, an employee of the Tennessee Consolidated
Coal Company, gave the f¢iLlo'.:ing additional information concerning past
activities of the Highlander Fell: School:
- In 1958, DOLP%§AUGHIJ, then business
the county and told
at Tracy City on the
out a system xrherebyFolk School, made :1 trip aroun
to come to relief headquzzrters
relief headquarters had workedagent of Highlander
ell persons on relief
following day. The
those on relief were
assigned £1 particular day of the week on which to come to the office, thus
simplifying distribution of supplies. The arrival of all persons on relief
on the some day created a jam at the relief headquarters. DOLPH VAUGHN was
there in the crowd and when questioned by the relief agent as to why he
had told all the persons on relief to come to the office on the some day,
he stated loudly, "The supplies are here, give them to them."
RILEY stated that 1}. H. 1.;sRLO.'-IE, at local man who has been
associated closely with the Highlander Folk School, ran as an elector for
E..I JiL BRO'.}DER, Communist canclidate f or President,
IQILEY stated that the United Liine
City, Local 5881, went on record sometime ago as
Folk School for its activities. LATT BUNCH, Intin the 1956 elections.
Workers Union at Tracy
condemning the Highlander
ernctional Representative
of the Uili, demanded upon several. occasions that Local 5881 rescind their
cor.d.-zrnetion of the Iii{_.-',h1z.:nder Folk School. This the union refused to do.
0:1 January 51, 19141 LLATT BURCH appeared before Local 5881 and stated t-hot
he 1:-as instructed by the International to inform Local 5881 that they must
endorse the Iiighlender Fell: School or BUNCH would be forced to take up
their charter. On that date Local 5881 endorsed the Highlander rolk School.
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KILBY stated that IJLES I-IORTOI-I returned from a trip to New
York City on liay 10, 1914.1 and at that time was driving 2. 19141 black Chev-
rolet Sedan, l9!_;l New Yorl: license #7-'av'-71165. KILB-I sta: -d that several
months ago he met a man in .2. tavern at honteeglc who r.-as some-".rhz.t under the
influence of liquor. This man stated that he was the son of Dr. FLELLJING
J.».J..1.S, Donn of the lheo,log;; School at the University of the South, Sewanee,
Tennessee. According to this man, Dr. J1-.l.lES was e regular contributor to
the Highlander Folk School beiore coming to S31-'¢'CJ1'-?| This man stated that
f...- is a teacher in ;; school in £.rkans.2s. He dsfcnclrd both Commonwealth
College in I-rltensas and the Highlander Folk School, st.-sting that they were
labor schools and not Cc;";u1u.11istic. '
1..'r. RILEY, [.5 head oi the Grundy Cosnty Crusaders, is con-
tinuing his efforts against the Highlander Fell: School. 31:: recently made a
t::_11~: before the State Convention oi the Junior Order of .lm.erican i-".'.JChL_niC3
s::'.;1:'ii11g the Iiigiencler Folk School as s Com:?1unist school, and presenting the
;.1"iid:;vits and evidence which he has in his possession to subst:.".nti;.te his
clam. }lIL3Y is conferring with state officials with s view: to initiating
proceedings to o:.nc::l tho charter oi the 11ig;n.lr_nder Fol}; School.
o.-1151', T;-znrssss
1 -~ = t -'vZ...- learned st Daisy, Tennessee that the Richmond Hosiery
111115 closed their plant 1.11:1--.» about 1956.
of the Richmond Hosiery hills, whom a lead was set out to interview, is n
located at the main plant oi the Richmond Hosiery 1-xills at Rossville, Georgia.
.»-. lead is being sot out to intcrvie92=r at Rossville.
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m.-G H1GHI.ANDER FOLK scuoot 61-12
during the strike, he sighted dIiving an automobile in
Ptoclr.-rood and took out after him in on attempt to arrest him.
1.-as driving a car with Virginia license plates on it and had been seen fre-
uentl" tith LYLES HOILTC-if for several days preceding this incident.&iollowecl_;;r out into the country ..1-ere he succeeded
in stoppi1'1{;z_:;-1 arresting him. The back seat cf_ca.r
completely fil..ed titlu literature. ._remer.-fsers that some oi
this literature contained the following statement: "Down with the American
flag, up with the had flag." Other ports of this literature advocated equal
rights for negroes, 1:1:-.".Iri:_;e between whites and negroes, the adoption of
Communism in this 1-unt:";*, and free love. sts."Led that he kept some
oi this literaturx. .'or a long time but believes that it has all been destroyed
Z{o1.:ever, he till s zerch lis records in an effort to find. some of this.
W stated at the time oi his arrest that h-'2 "nus fr his may to the
Eiighlander Folk Sc..ool to d.-.-liver a series of lectures. later
learned that upon his relc1se,went to the highlander Fol!-: School
and remained there 1" or about two weeks.
_ stated that persons from the Highlander Folk School
had been present at a large number of strikes in the nest Tennessee area.
._3 listed these places es: the strike at the Rayon Plant at Elizabethton,
T~;n.".cssce, e strike at Kingsport, Tennessee, :1 strike at the Richmond
..c,ic1",' ;..1lls at Rossville, Georgia, a strike at the Richmond Hosiery Lille
at iloddy, Tennessee, a strike at the Richmond Hosiery hills at helville,
1-;:n:.essee, the abevementioned strike at the Rock-wood Hosiery hills at
1.:ci:-t:ood, Tennessee, and a strike at the Harriman Hosiery hills at Harriman,
;:1.1cssee.
- shoe-, T?-I~Tr1TI3,5¬»§§=
stated that he has been misuccessful in an effort
92- obtain additional information concerning LOUISE B. COI-IICLING, presently
ecretary of the Highlander Fol}: School. - stated that although he
;_- . ll acquainted with and that she has no radical
".;..a'_:;';c;:s, he cannot vouch for IOLJISIJ COHKLIIJG because she has been away
i_.~;:.. home attending schools throughout the country for .1 number of years.
Estated that he uould contact the resident agents office in Chattanooga
' ' learns anything additional on the subject, Iio undeveloped lead is
Q . act out to re-inter*.~'ie92.'_ -1
an.... 7;___ _ __ll____. __ --P-i W-- _ .. W_l__.t_4 1* 7 77
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Ii W?-3 léarmd f1°T"= " "
records of the Highlander Folk School which were kept at the home of L1.
I1G5.ZIiTh'.-';L at 821} Central Avenue, Chattanooga, have been removed from that
address, presumably back to the Highlander Folk School.
3°31 I-3O_I71RpIS ,m
I
stated that he was sent" to the Ilighlandor Folk School in connec!1on W15
ggli _,_/ '/C.. ~ 1-Jctttrmsn FOLK scsoot
ft./ t
wit I/JD_ K. . {._
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6ll2_ stated that DO1.J3£3OI}'.SKI came to Norris in the spring of l9hO and stayed at the Lone of E. B. SHULTZ. DO1':~LBROi.'SKI showed motion pictures to the Young Pet-vies I-ieeting at the Norris Religious Fellowship community church at Norris!. Reirarend COIDLIJ, the pastor of the Norris Religious F-ellowship, and E. B. SHULTZ worked hard to get the Norris Religious Fellowship to give fifty dollars to the Hivhland r '" This was done in l9hO but be "
.1n - e rolk School. ' =..csuse of the opposition ofhi.-rs and others no do
American Le ion 1nem-8, ' nation 1.111 be made to the F, ;,, ship this "ear "~
olk School by the Fellow- , , _ n..d no other firsthand information concerning the Highlander Folk School
- PENDING -
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" Hm ~ -,--'a;~_<;> I-'~::' ' '-..;. ..._ I _~_ .-QUNDEVELOPED LEADS:
names }3rs0ns within their field division against their
files and report briefly any Communist or subversive activities on the part
of such persons.
THE BIRKINGHAM OFFICE:
*At Iirmingham, Alabama, will determine the reliability of
the Duose PublishiEE_TEE§kE7EEd:_iT'possible, determine what printing
has been done by them for the Highlander Folk School. It should be borne
in mind that this Duose Publishing Company has also done printing for the
Southern Conference for Human Welfare and has at least quoted on work in
the past for the Southern horker, the Communist newspaper in the South.
=~-At Florence Alabama, will intervie-w whois @mp1@>v=1 toif he has at en ed a session of the ig. an or =olk School, and, if so,
obtain all possible information regarding the courses, teachers, and
students. hill also report all connections with the Communist Party of
any activity or persons at the school. .
*At Huntsville, Alabama, will obtain all possible information
from 0utl111ed lIl reference report of Agent-
-_ ,._-..4._.__..-_____ i__-.-_-n------'-"""- ' ' : ll:-_: _ "By 7 _
L ii.
Q 51¢; _ rnsnmrmna FOLK SCHOOL <51-12
::%~¬
snib THE CHICAGO OFFICE:
_ *At Chicago; Illinois, will check on the occupation and
activities of IOUISZ GRATKAM DICHAAN, former secretary of the Hivhlander
C Folk School, tho recently moved to hicago,
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92.4-'THE DETROIT OFFICE:
' "v-ill determine whether _ a
School, is reliteo in any manner to
i is determined to be a
her activities and reputationrecent arrival at
ormer r
there,
sis In-Jomiiis OFFI CE:
. . .At Tracy Cit Tennessee will re~contact er. C. H. KILBY~% 1
cor such new information as he moy receive concerning the school.
At Monteaglo, Tennessee will re-contact
for in new information he obtains school
' it Chattanooga, Tennessee. will cont:1ct *Y¢ichnond_'Rosier§- fl-'ills, Rossville, Georgia, for 0.11
information in his possession concerning c strike ct the Daisy, Tennessee
plant of the Richmond Hosiery mills in 1955, when the strikers were led by
a delegation from the Highlander Folk School.
---| 1- Y1 -
- , I A-~ ' ~ <t ; at J92 .
_/"_1;'_ ; mernarmzn rent sceoor. 61-12
_ e _' . THE LEEQPIIIS OFFICE:
._-.u- -__,¢..,ee.;.~.¢.p.; -=1-At }I_a.sh~rille, Tennessee, will get a certified copy of the- charter of the Highlander ro School Tram the Secretary oi State and will
- ~ obtain copies of such correspondence as may have been written or receivedr at any time concerning this charter.
;_____ __ Americanizetion Committee to determine uh-ether it has any of the records
-J 1 1! Particular search should be made for e bulle tin
Policy Committee of the Socialist Party issued in
April, 195!.; which was signed by JAILBS DOI.3R0'S:'SKI, FR.-RNZ DANIEL and
FLIZIJBETH 1{£.1.ES. Jill obtain any other pertinent irxformction from the
American Legion files concerning the Highlander Folk School.*At the State American Legion headquarters, will contact the
'-.'?l" .
'-"3 THE LIIALII OFFICE:
Wat Gain " ' "'
e.
; "FIE IFS?-' YORK OFFIE:
"F?-At Net: New will determine whether
For Amcricon iiritcrs conne
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92r~
Will determine the oi the- I.L:.rshall
_.-.,.
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- HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 61-12
Highlander Folk School,
rmas HORTON,
J MES DOMBRO-TSKI ,
ELIZABETH HAWES.
and activity of
ewill check at 99 Claremont Avenue to determine if a
F;mi1y bearing the last name SCHULTZ lives there or has lived there in
the past. Will determine the reputation and activities of the SCHULTZ
f"?'7* which might link them with the Commnist party. Will also deter~
nine if C. B. SHULTZ, or E. B. SHULTZ, is related, it being noted that a
1?? of books was recently sent to the Highlander Folk School, one of
~hich bore the name of ANNA L. SCHULTZ at the above address.
+'-*-fill check the reputation and activities of
who signed himself on the register hattanooga,has Group leader for the Religion and Labor Foungation, !!! West l22nd
street, New York. This group is also known as the Uphaus Group and
sgyarently conducts some kind of a labor school.
Will determine the tation and activity of
operative istributors and of
Will determine the reputation and activity of the 2hl East
"and qtreet n1
-31-
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- anHlGHL£HDLR FOLK SCHOOL 61-12
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THE HASIINSTOT rlEL§ OFFICE:
-t D. will determine the eputation an?
Hill, from ¬!!'Lur;au of Imligration and Hzturalization,
dctcrmine tha date and port sf entry, th: ddtc and place of naturalization,
the dgta pnd place of birth, bd the nationalistic origin of JAMLS
UOHILCJSEI. IL.BROISKI was r¢pcrtedly born in Russia, but nothlnb d flnl
in tLis ragard has been learned. It may be noted that DOLBkOU$KI k&S a
resident of new York City b3f0Tu coming to the Highlandlr Eblk School.
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If Slncoralq you-|,
John Edgar Bourn-
Director
ALL INFORMATION CUNTAITIED -
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Highlander Folk School
Editors Note:This year the Highlander Folk School was made a beneciary of the Vassar
Drive. The interest of Vassar in Highlander dates from I893. when Dr. William
Wgrkof Johnson. Instructor of History at the college, encouraged the schoolls founders
and gave them the original building. Many Vassar graduates have been connected withHighlander. including among others Elizabeth Day Hawer. Z9 Mrs. F. Daniel!, Mrs.
Ruby T. Norris, '29. and Rosanne G. Walker, '33. Jane Lawson, '39, author of the
article, is at present a secretary at the school.
Hlxrotut, inspire, and demonstrate"
. -here is a platform for an edu-
cational institution, l-lighlanrler Folk
School, situated in the Cumberland
Motintaitts in a rural community that
has the dubious distinction of being
the poorest in the South, does all three
in its complex, varied, and exciting
wot-I-:. During two resident sessions of
six weeks each, workers and farmers
from southern unions and coopera-
tives gain new insight into the world
in which they make their living.
Through an extension program, thou-
sands of rural and industrial workers
within a radius of two hundred miles
43receive the educational services of
classes, meetings, and recreational ac-
tivities. Highlanrk-r's own homework
is its service to the community, the
circulation of its library, its nursery
school and its friendship for the neigh-
bor folk. Informing, inspiring, and
demonstrating are continuous and
ever-growing processes in one or an-
other oi these elds of usefulness.
Highlander isnt much -to look at.
We call ourselves a school, but there
are no school buildings: only a simple
frame farm building with a vine-cov~
cred stone porch, a gate that closes
with a rock weight looped on a chain,
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oaks and dogwoods and one hazelnut
tree in the yard, and a corneld at our
back, beyond the well-noose and the
blacksmith shed. There are I-Iobol-ten,
the cow, whose bell keeps track of no
time at all, and chickens, and two
sturdy dogs. The surrounding coun-
try is beautiful. The Tennessee moun-
tains are all the campus there is, and
the curriculum is likely to include
picnics at Eagles cliff, swimming at
Dec-rlick Falls, and bonres and sun-
sets on the blutt. One might wonder
what sort of a school there could be in
this quiet spot. t
Highlanders work is exciting, in
the same way that the idea of our
own country and our people, still
growing into democratic ways, is ex-
citing. Highlander is a part oi that
growth. The labor movement is no
place for movie emotions; its excite-
ment tloesn't mean mountain moon-
shiners holding shotguns over quaint
little vine-covered stills, with corn-
cobs about, and other literary acces-
sories. There is an excitement that
comes from seeing hope in the very
strongest part of our country, its
great mass of working people. It is
their strength that may yet see us
safely through a period of such crises
as face us in today's headlines. If
their strength is not to be warped to
work for an -hysterical Coughlin or
any other Fijhrer, they must be equip-
ped with knowledge of their world.
There is hope in the people who
pass through Highlander-not that
they would put it in such general
terms. They come to learn specic,
immediate things concerned with
building their organizations. Men and
women here nd out about the world
they have been working too hard to
investigate, working too long hours
for too low pay. Some of the students
have not gone past the second grade;.a-aid- y. n¢i II.-15,-!---ii.-.L': ~~- -9---I924-&ue.: -to-.|----i .. 92 n
the average have had seven years
…[truncated]