Document text
1' kl '
FD-302 Rev. 10-6-95!
-1-
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
ALL IIJFl3RIUaTICIN IIITIIIJTAIIID '
HEHEIIII I5 T_TIaI-ILASEIFIED
IIEJE 1.2-L*':'~-EIIIUB BE E9324 TJC E£LItT_.-DE,- TH Date of transcription O3/16/2 OQ4 bg
197$On 3/16/O4J H born onI Isocialsecurit number residing at I
home telephone numberI I
work telephone numberd I, mobileFtglgphgne numbe was interviewed at theI After being
advised of the identity of the interviewing gents and the
nature of the interview,[:::] provided the following:
mailin addressI IisI I
address is
Itelephone number
ss' ned toI Iat
rom to
obtaine egree inI IfromI IinI th n wor ing full time at
USAMRIID.I I worked at the DivisionI Iand
[::;;:1exp1ained that while at USAMRIID[;::ldid not workdirectly W1 bench top Bacillus anthracis" Ba , owever[:::]
did have access to rooms where research and experiments with Ba
Investigation on 3 / 1 6 / O4 at I I
File # 2 7 9AWF 2 2 2 93 6 ~ 92>$*92 °-11' - W?» Date dictated 3 / 1 6 / 04
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;
.v !
FD-302a Rev. 10-6-95!
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[::::] never worked with Ba on living organisms or DNA.| did not have any knowledge of any Ba distribution, but[::::]
was around individuals who worked with Ba on a daily basis.
[:::::]advised that most of the people at USAMRIID who dealt with
Ba would be able to easily dry Ba, and if someone was curiousthey can learn how to dry Ba by conducting minimal open mediaresearch. SinceE:::]never dealt with Ba directly had no
need to learn any techniques on how to dry Ba.
[::::] stated[:::] d with Eruce Ivins on many
ions, however none of work with Ivins involved Ba.Efififcould not recall working with[::::::::::::] but[:::]name
sounded very familiar. f
has no expertise in Ba weaponization techniques.
It was opinion that any person who worked with Ba, could
learn ow to weaponize Ba if they wanted to[::::::]could not
identify anyone specifically who might be involved in Baweaponizationggggégj remembered that after the Anthrax letters
were sent, US decided to increase safety procedures at the
facility. Safety personnel conducted swabbing inside and
outside of suites and determined that there was contaminationoutside certain suites, however[::::] could not recall whichsuite had been identified as being contaminatedE:::;::]further
advised that one of the buildings on USAMRIID groun s 1S boarded
up and is not being used as it was contaminated from a
laboratory accident dating back almost 30 years ago. Every once
in a while safety personnel conduct tests and swabs on this
building, but to date the contamination rate still at a high
level and the building remains vacant. _
be
explained that had full access to buildings b7
and Buildin was referred to as| I
as it containedamong other thingq Ioffice was also
" O O
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Continuation of FD-302 of _| i , On 3 / 1 6 / O4 , Page 36
TL
located in this building. Looking a
advised that[:::]often frequented th as
|also visited theH lany timer-1:needed to check with the technician
the| | th f t fl officers.| yvisite o e irs or ntime was ca led to? on| |
or to exami explained that when
nee e to visit the entered the buildin
c anged into| Ilab out it in t e changing area| |and then accessed the |visited the] lof the first floor on a daily basis as a l
advised that[:::]used to store[:::::::::::::::]in
a walkin coo er, however this cooler was not located in room
E:::] it was located in the|
doe recall seeing anyone entering Ehe cooler in room] |andi:7?Tdoe know what was stored in this cooler. Looking
at the map, advised that the location of the cooler in room[:::]would pOSSl:ly contain non-food items..
[::::]eXplained that "Piggy Backing" is a ainst the
rules at USAMRIID, however it was being done| |advised that
each person should swipe his ID prior to entering a| I
[::::]could no y instance where let anyone "Piggy
a with stated that visiting
were a owe access o however priorBack" into
scientists
was to be obtained. a vise at no "Piggy
Backing" took place with visiting scientists.permission
[::¥;]explained that if any employee with the right
wante to, it would not have been difficult to takeout of the [:::::::;:g] at USAMRIID[:::::] explained thathad the intention o oinq harm, all he/she would have tTaccess
agents
if one
do is]
Iexplained that
after the mailing of the laced letters, more security procedures
were being implemented.
[:::::]did not know of anyone who had access to dangerous
agents with hostile attitudes towards the overnment or anypolitical organizations.[:::::]expressedE:?:]concern regarding a.o 6
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hireI ILast name unknown LNULJ
recalls to have the same access lareas of th ' ' as did. E:::::] spent most oftf:fftime
in buildin also spent a lot _ time using theinternet. a a discussion withIQf I
I after was removed fro for
harassment. was unhappy with his removal and
stated thatI Iwould know more details about as knewIE::]for a long
time.
[;::::]did not recall any employees[:::]associated with
who were ax in handling dangerous items or interested inmaterials that could be turned into harmful agents. [;:::;
advised tha Iwas at USAMRIID during the time the aceletters were being sent.[::::] stated that[:::]never handled anof the laced letters for evidentiary or testing purposes.[:::::§
advised that after the incident, USAMRIID was working 24 hourshifts dut call! but duringtggjshift no letters werereceived.[:E;::]was not aware t at the letters were sent in pre-
stamped enve opes.[::::] further explained that never
purchased any pre stamped envelops, however once did
purchase some stamps from a post office near.USAMRIID. didnot recall prestamped envelopes being kept at USAMRIIE:;;%;%::]
remembers being handed stamps when mailing business letters.
[:::::]never traveled to Trenton NJ and did not know anyof[:::]associates to have traveled there.[:i::;; explained that
there is an SOP in place for decontamination, ut it wassafetys responsibility'to conduct decontaminations and[::] was
never involved.[::::] recognized paraformaldehyde and
glutaraldehyde as decontaminates.[::::]eXplained that they were
used by caretakers ontaminate large cages or equipmentleaving the suites.tf:fij did not remember smelling any of theabove listed decontaminates as[::]explained the decontamination
took place at n3 h in a "lock air space. The onlydecontaminateE:i¬:jremember smelling in the virology suites were
table decontaminate such as Ethanol.I
J
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[::::] used plastic containers for stora e and[::]nmsnot aware of any plastic containers missing. [::ii] was not
familiar with the term Sterilite boxes.
[:::%L§3alained that[:;g"never met andnever saw in person anyw ere. After
heard from several USAMRIID employees, that if| |
was ' it won't be asurprise.E:::::]knew from colleagues
that worked with Ba while at USAMRIID. advised
that civilian workers would robabl know p y etter then
military personnel as military emplo ees rotate out of USAMRIID
facilities every two to three yea suggested that the
following as individuals who knew the most:| |
E:::] never hosted any foreign visiting scientists while
working at USAMRIID.
[:::::]stated would like to assist the FBI in
its investigation and would be available for furtherEjnfsjionin if needed. further advised that between[::::], E::will be visiting at the aforementioned address in
I |and| |will be available to answer any further
questions we might have. -F6
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FD-302 Rev. 10-6-95!
ALI. IIiIFClI1!l~T_z3tTIlIiI1I CCIIIITAII-IED
1-: I-1"I'T.EI'TTI~] T3 TTl'tTIT§.t'1ti-if-iTFI?TrTJ
1 -1- DATE lElt'-2EElE$ BY 6313251 UIZ EitTLtT_.-DlI;TH
1 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Date of transcription O 3 Z 2 1 [ 2 O O 4
Divisi n date of birth social securit account I ticnumberE:::::::::::]was interviewed on at| Iplace
of employment at the United States Army e ica ns itute of
Infectious Diseases USAMRIID!. After being advised ofidentity of the agent and the purpose of the interview,[i??::::::::]
provided the following information:
stated that was incorrect in telling the biinterviewing agent on that some of the post §;c
challen e lates used by BRUCE IVINS were made with blood agar. big[::::::::%::i said that the plates used by IVINS were made of Tryptic ASoy Agar TSA! made by the Cell Culture rou at USAMRIID, and [:::] beblood agar plates were not used. [::::::¬:::fjnoted that the water C§> b1C
used in the all glass impingers AGI! was purchased commerciall .stated that blood a ar lates were used by[::::::::fw o had worked in roomi:::%]
I Istated that there was a lyophilizer located
in room] |of Building| Iat USAMRIID. The unit was older,large, and o els The ly ' 'zer in romn[:::|was someti esused in room of Buildin The unit was used by[:::fi;:::]
as_part of studies on
E;:;g:::::;::gsaid that the dilutions, that were prepared
as part o e pos c allenge plates were stored in the walkin
cooler on the first of Building was not enough
room in the refrigerator in room noted that the
El Tjfbyfifteen 5! milliliter ml! AGI conica s an e dilutions were
disposed of after the postchallenge pl had been re ost of
the AGI samples were autoclaved in room of Building
IVINS prior to disposal.
[::::::::::::]stated that IVINS brought over a large flask
containing the liquid preparation of Bacillus racis B.a.! tobe used in the aerosol challenges to Building[i2fj from Building
E::::]the day before a challenge was to occur. The flask would bestored in romnE::]of Building[::::] The material that was not
bf»
b7
mwmwwnwl 03/18/2004 M Frederick, MD
Pie # 2 7 9A-WF2 22 93 6USAMRI ID _ tote. Dare dictated N /A
by SA
.wpd
This document contains neither recommengiations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;
it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.C
t. , , 1 .
FD-302a Rev. 10-6-95!
» PX
279AWF222936USAMRIID
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b7CContinuation of FD-302 of | , On O 3 / 1 8 / 2 O O 4 , Page -2-
, used in the challenge would be stored in the refrigerator in room b6|:| of Building|:| . bffgj
b2
stated that the trash bags of material b7F
removed from room of Building[::::]and taken to the basement of
Building[:::] would remain their for several days if not over a
week before being autoclaved by the animal caretakers.
stated that did not know Qj any bf association that had in| I hM
was unaware of any travel o Ito _jor any personal
or business contacts there. stated that |may have
heard of a connection between and following theinvestigation of[::::::] by t e Amerithrax Task Force. _
[:::::::::::] provided writer with a previously handwritten
page of notes re ardin information[::]wanted to convey during theinterview.[:::::§:::::§:] note will be maintained in the 1A along
with the notes taken during this interview.
D I Q
FD-302 Rev. 10-6-95!
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
_itLL IIJFDPILETEUIJ EDIIITAILEIII ~
HEFCEIIII IS 'jl~]CL£a55IFIEII*
DATE lr_62UUE BY @0324 UC BAUEDEITH Dmeofuamcmwn O3 :17
!O4
A I b6' it i Lgsocial security account number was interviewed
telephonically. After being adv 'dentity of the agentsand the purpose of the interview1ff?:if:iEi:j provided the
following information:
b6[::::;::::::lstated that the conicals used by BRUCE IVINS E2to trans ort t e Bac lus anth ' B f 'ld' [:::] o 4 i racis .a.! rom Bui ing t be
Building at the United States Army Medical Institute of '
Infectious iseases USAMRIID!, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland,
were fifty 0! mililiter ml! in size The conicals used in the
all glass impingers AGI! were fifteen 5! ml The B.a. Ames tha
was used in the postchallenge plates came from the fifteen 5! m
AGI conicals Following the aerosol challenges, the fifteen 5!
ml AGI conicals would be stored in racks, in the refrigerator for
one l! or two ! days, in room 115 The AGI conicals were
disposed of in the same bags that contained the discarded post b@
challenge plates Sometimes, but not always, prior to disposing b7C
the liquid contained in the AGI conicals, IVINS would pour the
material into a water and bleach solutionOn_Ma.rch ii. 2nn4_J
f b t
stated that it was impression that the
, described inl hnterview,
were i ed b as well as by others. This took
[::;:::::;;:] stated that the diameter of the hole in the
plexiglass p ates ocated in the exposure boxes that were used for
the aerosol challenges was at least six ! to eight 8! inches.
[:::::::::::]described the plexiglass plate as being rectangular and
having dimensions of six ! inches by eight 8! inches. The plate
has four ! holes which were used to insert screws to fasten the
plate to the box. bf
C92.r/£:;::::;%::::;said thad;:;Jhad seen the postchallenge ?iFplates o .a. es a ter they a been sitting in room[::]<of QBuilding[:::] at USAMRIID for an extended amount of time in the
mwmmmiw 03/17/2004 M Washington, DC Telephonically! kg
r,c
PM 279A~WF-222936USAMRIID -tog Dawdicmed N/Aby SA? i I040fTl.wpd
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your ag ,
it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.
n » "
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Continuation of FD-302 of ___I I ,On O3/O9/2004 ,Page ._.2_
trash bags. [::::::::::] described the plates as being completely
covered with growth.
[:::::::::::]stated that some of the postchallenge plates
were made of blood agar and a lot of the times they were made of
Tryptic Soy Agar TSA!. The plates were either purchased by IVINS
from a commercial source or they were made by the Cell Culture
group at USAMRIID.
I Isaid that fromI ItoI Iw ' ' 92workin fod Tiif:ffiij g had worked on some bg
immunqlogical studies in roomI of Building at USAMRIID with kC
I Iandl n room was turned over
to of the Division a I I ' ' ' eroom was use as a old laboratory sed to work onI II T Room| Ihad a hood,
centrifuge, and water bath in it. t
s ' at| Ihad a lyophilizer
in room of Building at USAMRIID.
, did not seeI IorI Iin roonL[:::]of Building at USAMRIID.
[::::;:::::::]stated thitgzzidoes not remember seein asterilite con ainer in Building at USAMRIID.[:::::::;::%:]didn . . . .ot see£::::::] carrying or using a sterilite container a
USAMRII .
I
i
/!FD-302 Rev. 10-6-95!
~
w '1'
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
ALL II-IFDPIILTIJI-I EDIJTELIIED
HEPEIIC IS U1ICL£aSSIFEE[I92
DATE 12-16-2835 BY 653211 UC BE1.iII!'DK.-"THDate of transcription O 1 Z 2 2 Z 2 O Q4
I date of birth
tele hone number
I was interviewe tI Iplace o business, the United
States Armv Medical R h ' ' l" l _ esearc Ins itute of Infectious Diseasesl_ifffRIID!, Fort Detrick, Marvlan telephone numberI IAfter being advised the iden it of the interview ing agents
and the nature of the interview, provided the following
information: _
worked at USAMRII from
works forI ,M untilI I 11' Icamg back to USAMRIID alts a
i I
| I Ihas aI I IDegreeI
rimary work areas are Suit and[:::::::::] b6also works in ui e and building[::::] Rooms b7
I IBacill sAanthracistrain I Ithese stocks for BRUCE I ' and[iffi:::ii: These are uwilized ii aerosolization es thatthe Inv stigators conduct. has not had to any Ames be
in approximatel I bF
92.-
'7
r
Iwwwwnw l/22/O4 at Frederick, MDI ussmeiw W59
Fii¢# 2'79AWF222936 / 2'79ABAClO1392~924=?.S Dmediciaied 1/22/04
SA
by Pos a ¬'925-92 ~
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;
it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.|:iu>92<>¢=i
~
FD-302a Rev. 10-6-95!
279AWF222936 / 27 9ABAClOl392
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Continuation of FD-302 of ' i,on 1/22/04 wage
The process for harvesting is as follows:[::::::::::::::]t tt - b6
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I el it and place it into the refrigerator| I
The label would list the strain, date, purified and
initials.
i IVINS and| Ishared a lot of stock, therefore
USAMRIID does notdoes not know how to dry Ba and was told that
have the capabilities to dry Ba.10713
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b2
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assumed both used| |had prepared. The b7c
ori ' ion of the Ames strain was in a bottle in the refrigeratorandii2ff:::]did not know beyond that how it entered USAMRIID orI where it came from. H
Inu
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b7CContinuation of FD-302 of I , On 1 / 2 2 / O 4 , Page 3
There were occasions that BRUCE IVINS,| Ior
would autoclave Iitems if they saw them u er e
oo . |
T y lyophilized |knew of was in the hallway
of building outsid In found out that the
' ' IVINS .
rdoes not know how to operate a lyophilizer
and| Idid not know how long it had been in the hallway.
Individuals tha identified as persons who have
expertise in weaponization e sppre production and
lyophilizing are BRUCE IVINS, I
ators in the Division. and most of the investig ' I
Shortl after USAMRIID handled the anthrax letters FBI
evidence!, was told that the hallway between[::]and the
change room in and| |had all been contaminate with
anthrax spores. wabbings were conducted in all of these areas.[:;::;;;; does not have knowledge of what actually,took placeow , there are several rumors regarding this incident. L;;;:::::]
heard that[::::::::::::::] brought the spores through a pas
e letters prior to locks being placed on the pass box.Effifgfj also heard that BRUCE IVINS brought the s ores throu h thepass ox. Another rumor[:::::::lheard was thad[::¬::::::::::§] whowas helping handle the letters id not wash properly upon leaving
the suite therefore, contaminating the areas.
from the hot
possessionIf someone wanted to remove a Select Agent
areas covertly, they could walk out with it in their
prior to September 11, 2001 explained[:::::::::]
I
come out of a hot suite dry indicating that they had Isomeone I not s owered.136
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Continuation of FD-302 of __I , On 1 / 2 2 / O 4 , Page A_
In 1999, soldiers were arrested and discharged for
stealing Ketmine out of the laboratories. Ketmine is a drug used
to tranquilize the animals prior to them being bled out. The
soldiers were placing vials of the liquid into their coat jackets
and walking off base. The Army found o o t this when aroommate of one of the soldiers told on1f:f?:%:::::::]believed that
only Army CID was notified about this.
traveled through New Jer verstopped. I I an were traveling fromTif:EiEj?j to[::::]
and missed a detour thus winding up in New Jersey byaccident.| ldoes not have any connections to New Jersey.
E:::::::]has bou ht stamps from the vending machine at the7th street post office inE_ || i EAcould notrecall if he ever purchased pre-stamped envelopes and elieved[:::]
had not.[::::::::%;;;;;;;;Fagreed to be polygraphed which is scheduled for
~ '-
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FD-302 Rev. 10-6-95! '
-1-
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
ALL IIIIFDFI-IIIITIDN CJNTAIIIIED
HEREIN IS UIIIIILESHIFIED
bbD'TE l"l'ZUUi3 BY 5U°E-=1 UE BAH.-=DK TH MA I U _ kl I Date of transcription O4 Z O1 i 2 Q04 I3 /C
I II II I date of birthl _ I social securit account
numberI Iwork telephone number was
interviewed telephonically on April 1, 2004 while a place of
employment at the United States Army Medical Institu e of
Infectious Diseases USAMRIID!. After being advised of the
identity of the agent and the purpose of the interview,provided the following information: [;;;;;;;;;;;;]
[;;::::::::::lstated that the seven ! milliliters ml! of
_material t at remaine at the end of an aerosol ex osure would be P
poured back in ' 0! ml conical provided by theinvestigator. Ef:E§f:fifff]confirmed that at the end of each day,
when thirty 0! animals were exposed 210 ml of material, or 105ml per hood, would be left over. [;::i:::::::]stated that the
nebulizers would not be cleaned be ween aerosol runs. Normally at
the end of the day the nebulizers would be autoclaved in
preparation for the next days challenges along with the trash.
Occasionally there would not be enough time to autoclave the
nebulizer and they would just be decontaminated and cleaned with a
bleach solution and then with a water solution.
There were three custom nebulizers in Buildin
USAMRIID.' The nebulizers were labeled| The
three custom nebulizers should still be in buifdlng
stated that the ialprovided Qy the investi ator would be b
units per ml. said that Iof material was h
added to th Icontainer.
Prior to _ _ _ I IVINS would
heat shock the material in a water bath at 45° Centigrade.
[:::::::::::] stated that it was rare that the lipid
emulsion was used in the anthrax studies. The emulsion was used
when the jets would et clo ed which sometimes would occur at theend of the day.[::::%::::;:%fbelieves that one ! out of ninety
90! runs would require t e use of the emulsion.
hWMmmm1w O4/01/2004 at[::::::::::::] Virginia Telephonically!
h# 279A-WF-222936USAMRIID -hko 1%@dkmwd N/A
SA
by SA
.wpdat b2
b7 F
»O
'74
I26
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This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agenc
it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.
i L I4- 1». p 0
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27 9AWF222 936USAMRIID be
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Continuation of FD-302 of I i , CH 0 4 / O 1 / 2 O O 4 , Page -2-
[::::::::::]stated that all of the material in the hoods
would be placed into the same garbage bags, including the tubes,
markers, pipettes, towels, animal hairs, any containers, as well as
the all glass impingers AGI!. Sometimes the garbage was placed
into one ! or two ! gallon bio hazard bags, however, most of
the time full sized bags were used. Through one of the hoods, the
garbage was bagged up and set under the UV light and then sprayed
with bleach prior to being removed from the hood. Through the
other hood, the garbage was autoclaved out of the hood. All of the
garbage was eventually autoclaved in the basement of Building 1412.
After the material had been autoclaved, it was placed into the
dumpster in the back of Building 1412.
[:::::::;::::]said that the air passing through the bottom
of the exposure ox would go into the house vacuum system. The
vacuum attached to the AGI was also connected to the house system.
Both vacuum supplies would pass through a control unit located
within the hood. Within the control unit is a ball 0.2 micron HEPA
filter. The filters would be replaced approximately every six
months. The lab technicians would change the filters inside of the
hoods. The house vacuum system also had a series of different
filters, located in the penthouse of Building 1412. When the hoods
were decontaminated with the paraformaldehyde, the vacuums would be
run. The vacuums would draw the paraformaldehyde into the system,
thus decontaminating the HEPA filter in the control panel. Some of
the paraformaldehyde would also be drawn into the rest of the house
vacuum system.
FD-302 REV. 10-6-95!ALL IICFEIFIDLTIIIIJ EE|I1ITEtII~1'EI3
HEIREIIC IS T_ll1IlILAS5IFIED
_ _1_ DE-ITE 12-15-EH18 BY EUEEQ LIE EAI|I,.-"DI¬f'IH~
I
»
1 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Date of transcription Q 3 I 2 9 I 2 O Q4
92 .I date o _birth: gsocial security adgunt number] I, - bidPlace, Frederick, ryland 21702, home phone; was b'°interviewed at[;:;]place of employment, the United States Army
Medical Researc nstitute for Infectious Diseases USAMRIID!, Fort
Detrick, Maryland. After being advised of the identit of theinterviewing agents and the purpose of the interview,E:::::]
provided the following information:
de ree in from SI | <3 I I
CollegeI I }!
fist worked at USAMRIIDI *3
' Iand wasl. is aI Iin the Divi '
USAMRIID. works primari y in room 0 ul din as a
works on projects related'to the' |
Iis not
orI I certified.
[:::::] has not participated in an hot suite work and has
never been around live Ames str ' ' aware of. has b6
been involved in the growing of and ut b7C
not in a "hot suite" environment. does not haveI
did not know where strains of Ames mi ht be storedand is not sure where Ames stock may come from. [::::i understands
that BRUCE IVINS probably had control over the Ames stock.
did not ever know of any undocumented projects to
be performe -has never known anyone to attempt to dry Ba.
bb
in room of uilding[::::] b
did not know of anyone who might have any knowledge b5
in the weaponization of biological agents. A biological agent b7C
Investigation on 3 /24/04¢ at Frederick , Maryland, 92l$I>t92492Q'!-LB - G15 y J
File 9A-WF2ZZ935 2'79A-BA- T101392 -92L'5% Date dictated N/A ' _ " Postal Inspector I Iby SA /I/zI:I,,,',@c[
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;
it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.an
did not have any knowledge of there being a cooler b7C
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Continuation of FD-302 of _| , On 3 / 24 / O4 , Page _2_
might be removed secretly by showering out with it or stashing it
on one's person and leaving with it.
did not suspect anyone of being involved in the
mailing of the anthraxlaced letters.
did not have any interaction with foreign visiting
scientists at USAMRIID.
has no personal or professional relationships with
anyone in the state of New Jersey.
did not purchase nor use any prestamped postal
envelopes.
ad no recollection of any plastic "Sterilite"
containers ever eing used at USAMRIID.
had never met and only knew of him
from the media coverage of the anthra case.
was not involved in the mailings of the anthrax-
laced letters and is willing to take a polygraph examination if
deemed necessary. '
.
FD-3 02 Rev. 10-6-95!
ALL IIJFUIUIATIUIII CCIIIITAII-TED
FTERETFI TS IlTtIl'II.J1f-ii? -TFTFII'J
. FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION -
3 a
On March 9, 2004
D d I I ivision ate of birthI I Isocial security account number[:::::::::] was interviewe at is
place of employment, the United States Army Medical Research
b Su ervisory Special AgentTfff:i§ff%§i2Ej and Special Agent' [:f:::f] After bein advised of the identity of g y the agents and thepurpose of the interview,[::::::::::] provided the following
information:
- did not recognize the name of
I orI did
recognize the name of uEdoes not recall from where.
[::::::::::::]did not have an foreign visitors as part ohis employment at USAMRIID. [;::::::ii:]recalled visitors from
Porton Down and from Canada o serving aerosol challenges from the"cold" side of Building[;::] at USAMRIID. The challenges observed
were of Ricin and Sta h ococcu ' ' 'stfnferfhaftffia toxin SEB! in aBio Safety E::::::::iEfjsuite. never observed anyforeign visitors on the "hot" side of Building [::::]
I I left thd IinI IwhenI dj InI IUSAMRIID beganusing rabits in Anthrax studies instea of mice. The quantities
used were between three hundred 00! and four hundred 00!rabbits per study. [::::::::%::]stated that rabbits were used more
often than primates were use in Anthrax challenges. Challenges
were run three ! days per week with thirty 0! rabbits per day.
Two ! dilutions of Anthrax were prepared per rabbit for each
challenge, and three ! Tr tic So Agar TSA! plates werecultured per dilution. £:;:f¬::::::Inoted that a total of
approximately 180 TSA p a es were cultured per day when animal
challenges were being conducted. The TSA plates were obtained from
the[::::::::::::] group at USAMRIID.
' b6
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hwemmlm 03/09/2004 at Fort Detrick, Maryland
nw# 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID-uge, Dmenwmd N/A
SSA
by /SA
-Wu
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;
it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. '
|Date of transcription O 3 Z O 9 f 2 O O 4
' I I Q
Institute of Infectious Dise , Fort Detrick, Maryland,_ _1_ DATE lElF52ElUB BY 6032-11 UE BAH.-DKxTH
in
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The rooms in Buildin at USAMRIID that were used for 23FAnthrax challenge work were andIUUUUU Roo was used '
_to prepare the Anthrax for the challenges. Room was used asC
F
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Continuation of FD-302 of J I , On O 3 / O 9 / 2 0 0 4 , Page 2be
b'T'"' 92/
the aerosol preparation laboratory where the nebulizers and allglass impingers AGI! were prepared. Room[;:g contained the
aerosol hood line. No other rooms were use or aerosol work with
Anthrax in Building| Inoted that the door betweenrooms d[::] WF_lQ£Kd_n closed by screws put into place on
the room side. said that in 1995, Ames work was
done in suite] |of Buildingl Iat USAMRIID while renovations
were being done to Building recalled Ames
aerosol challenges being conducted there during that period in
suite[:::]
The Bacillus anthracis B.a. Ames used in the challengeswas grown in suiE§£::]of Buildin at USAMRIID. The
investigators wp ore
solution lS used per aerosol
Ilenge. The conical tubes were kept in the refrigerator in room
of_Building| Inoted that if any conical tubes
were missing from room| Isomeone would notice, however, no one
would notice if liquid was taken out of the tubes. BRUCE IVINS
would place tape on top of the conical tubes, however, the tape
could be easily replaced. No agents for the aerosol challenges[ffif:Fept in the walkin cooler on the first floor of Building
At the end of the aerosol challenge approximately six !
or seven ! ml of B.a. would remain. The B.a. that was not used
in the challenges was normally autoclaved prior to being removed
from the hood. The remaining material, except for the AGIs, that
was used in the challenge would be placed into a bag and autoclaved
at the end of the day. The AGIs were sprayed with bleac or tobeing removed from the hood line, and then taken to roomT:ffjfor
plating. After the plates had been left in the incubator
overnight, they would be completely covered with growth. The
plates were then read in the morning following a challenge. After
the plates were read, they were placed into a bag and clearly
marked with what pathogen was in the bag, what strain the pathogen
was, and who the investigator was. The bags would remain in room
until nea l fl t 1 h [:::] ' r y over owing, or un i t e number of bags in the
room became an obstruction. The bags often sat in room for
several days or weeks prior to being removed. notedthatE::]was fascinated with how much growth appeare on t e plates
after several days or weeks. The bags were then taken to the
basement to be autoclaved. The bags were placed into metal garbage
cans in the basement, next to the autoclave, in case there was a
leak in the bag. The animal caretakers at USAMRIID would autoclaveb6
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FD-302a Rev. 10-6-95!
279AWF222936USAMRIID
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the bags which contained the TSA plates of Ames and the tubes of
Ames solutions. *
E::::::::::] believes that[::::::::::::::::]would know
the process for latin out the B.a. samples after an aerosolchallenge.[;;::ii::::fjrecalls[::::::]observing the entirerocess of t e B.a. aerosol es from the beginning to end.%:::::::::]is not aware ofE?E§2fffhaving been present during thereading of the lates after the plates were left En:fhf:ircubator' ht I I d h overnig . state t at by deduction, would
know where the postchallen e material would go to be destroyed in
the basement of Building would have used the same
autoclave in the basemen rk and would have noticed
the ba s from the Am b dt for own woes challenges. [::::::::;:] never o serve[::::::: holding any of the bags containin t e ostchallengematerial or carrying them out of Buildingi:::::i
[:::::::::::]stated that there were parkin s ots near the' s in the basement and rear of Building%:i%:][i2iii?i:i2jTsaid that the parking spots were close enough to the
docks that bags could be removed from the building without looking
suspicious. The dumpster used for trash, includin autoclaved
trash, was located beside the parking area. recalled
removing empty boxes through the rear of Bui ing without
being inspected by security.I Isaid that t ere were
vide l t d o cameras oca e I
Oweven, thev were not maniirzreii. I
as aware thatI Iwould drive aI I or
something similar I I and pro a y par ed in
the spots in the rear of Buildin since they were very closeto the laboratory space that[:::%:::]uLed.
had observed in the of
Building AMRIID. While in the
mostly saw in the area of the animal holding rooms.
The sterilized water used in the aerosol challenges was
provided from the Cell Culture Department at USAMRIID.
Occasionally IVINS would provide the sterile water to be used in
the challenge. The sterile water used was purchased from a
commercial source. The water was stored in suite[::]of Building
1425. Occasionally, IVINS may have autoclaved the water to make
sterile water for the challenge.b6
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Continuation of FD-302 of __| I , On O 3 / 0 9 / 2 O 0 4 , PS¢ 4
Located in room[:::]was a tabletop centrifuge and a
su erspeed floor model centrifuge as well as an incubator. Room[::ji had a tabletop centrifuge and two ! incubators located in
it. Room[::]<did not have any centrifuge or incubators. One !
area l1'1b6
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b2speed vacuum was located in room[::::] There was a lyophilizer in b7F
was previously used for work onl |bT
from|The material used byl l was stored in the ultra low
freezer in roomE:::] Upon completion of work, the
remaining samples were taken back to
The animals used in different agent studies were always
kept separate.
Room.[::]in Building[:;:;1was used to house the animals,mostl mice, to be used in Pox c a enges. The a?imals_hgused_in__1room[§:] were used in the challenges conducted by
had watched the aerosol challenges of many different a ents. TheMonkey Pox studies were done in room[:::1of Building[:%:]. The
Monkey Pox challenges were either aeroso or intramuscular, butboth types were conducted in suite[:::]
in room| |to beused'as part of stateht at b"/C
| |believed that | |
was the type of person to for work outsi e 0
USAMRIID even though it was against regulation.
I |recalled| I asking ifl II
The post challenge platin was cond ' '
located in room| Ibv IVINS or| i but never plated B.a. Ames.Hoods one. T! and two ! in room were mainly used for B.a.work and were kept "hot" most of the time. IVINS and[::::::] were
FD-302a Rev. 10-6-95!
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Continuation of FD-302 of __l i , On O 3 / O 9 / 2 O 0 4 , Page 5
the only scientists doing aerosol c .a.[::::]was
the lead for a lot of work on B.a. would assist in
the challenges by holdin the rabbi s urin gesE;:;::;;;:;;;noted that[:%::::;:;;:::]was an working onhave done some c a enges There would sometimes be
eight 8! or ten 0! people working in the laboratory during a
challenge.
| |stated that[:::] never did any of the aerosolchallenges forl lwas very "hands on" in 1992 before
the department grew, however, became more of[::::::::::::::::]as
staff were added.
I |saw| |and in front of the
change room on the "hot" side of Buildin outside of theaerosol exposure laboratory. I 3 did not see and b6to ether in roomlj I or in room| Iof Buildin b7c
saw] at a| Ithat
or anized. recalled that was at the rtg pa1 iwell. remembered that he was surprised to see
at the party.| Idescribedl Ias having interestingstories regardingLanever knew what Sl e| L was working forH
remembered talking about I
lnever mentioned workin on biowarfare.
" never mentioned the Anthrax outbreak in however,| !recalled reading about it. ' d anyscenarios t at| |used as part of the training
| |never mentioned making any simulants for training|exercises.| Iwas aware thjt| |was involved with
| |remembered a rumor thatl land| here
[:::::::::::]stated that it would have been known if
someone was growing B.a. in ro of Building[::::] In the mid-
1980's to the late 1990's room was used as a storage room.
From 1997 through 1999 room was being renovated to be usedb6
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Continuation of FD-302 of I I , On 0 3 / O 9 / 2 0 Q 4 , Page 6
again as laboratory space. There was no incubator or lyophilizer
in room[::] during that time. .
[::::::::::] is unaware of[::::::]p@rforming any
' on animals which had been exposed to B a Ames[fffffffifi] stated that[::::;;;might have been present during some
primate necrops' ere were not many primates that wereexposed to B.a.Ef::Eifffffi]noted that there were only a few
necropsies performed on rabbits exposed to B.a. After any
necropsies were performed, the remains would be bagged laced
into boxes, and autoclaved in the basement of Buildin The
same procedure was done for necro sies in Building The work1 done in suite[::] of Building[:::f]would be autoclaved in suite
I Inever mentioned an im rovised hood or glove box
to| |recalled| Itakinq a hood fromBuiiaing|:| at USAMRIID in the late 1990's,] |
A | Everybody was taking items out of]BufBing_|:| at USAMRIID. | |
V _ FJ is unaware ofl |takinq any other '
equipment from USAMRIID.92_/
_ _ koted that during theperiod whe Iwas employed at USAMRIID an ex osure box wasfound to be i sing and was never located.| I would know
d t 'l b more e ai s a out the missing exposure box.| |
' [:::::::::::]has no contacts in the state of New
with anyone associated to the Princeton, New Jersey .never mentioned New Jersey to| iis nob6
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279AWF222936USAMRIID
Continuation of FD-302 of I I , On O 3 / 0 9 / 2 O O 4 , Page I 7
aware of any researchers or studies associated with New Jersey or
the Princeton, New Jersey area.
[:::::::]11ever mentioned to [::::::::::] an envelope
permeability study.
has been toI1 in Frederick,
Maryland. never mentioned to
and[:::::::::::]never sawI Iat the
I Inever mentioned anything about B.a. simulants to
recall d ' g to the Department of Ener ,facilit in for trainin in [:%%:] "y' "miller
I I saw an old screwt e device that was shaving a block
of soap to make a powder.I Idid not attend the training,however,I Iand [:::]did attend the sessions.
| I I I never mentioned being at the University of[::::]
toI I
I Iis current on all of his vaccinations.
I Iis vaccinated for entry into theE::] suites at
USAMRIID.
[:::::::::::]is not aware of[:::::::]having accessed any
classified documents at USAMRIID.
[::::::::::]has never been into the area where classified
documents are stored at USAMRIID. [:::::::::::]is aware that only a
pencil and paper are allowed to be taken into the room and no other
material is allowed to be taken out of the room.
I Inever sa I Iat USAMRIID after[::::;::::]employment ended.I ris not aware of havin een
in the challen e areas after de arture. ' <5 I I Drecalled seeing] I Ihas never seenI Iagain following this
incident.
U A O
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Continuation of FD-302 of 4 , On O 3 / O 9 / 2 0 O 4 , Page _8_
E::::;::;g:;]recalled[::::]stating tFat_wen[:::::::]was around, t ev s ou o things "bv the book". felt that
I I ~
i [::::::::::::kxpressed willingness to rovide additionalPinformation to agents including any documentation that[::]could
find regarding his whereabouts during the anthrax letter mailings
in September and October 2001. [::]also agreed to meet with the
Assistant United States Attorney in Washington, DC.
-e 0
FD-302 Rev. 10-6-95!
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIG ION
beALL I]?-IFI]FtlL!lTIEIE-I EDICfT.iiII~1'EI.I
HEREIN IS T_THCLASSIFIE[1
III.${JI'EI J.E;J.5-ZICJEJEI I53? 60324 TJC ]5i£s.[iT_.-"1';92E¬x"'I'l'1
AT
b 1C
Date of transcription O 4 Z Q 1 Z 2 O Q 4
I I date of bir¬E| | soc ' ccount
number| |work telephone number was
interviewed on March 31, 2004, at[::]pace of employment at the
United States Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases
USAMRIID! After being advi ' entity of the agents andthe purpose of the interview,Tff:ff:i?f:iTprovided the following
information:
Io 6
17chwmwmiw O3/31/2004 at Frederick, MD O
File # 27 9AWF222936USAMRIID ~92,,Ag Date dictated N/A
SA
by SA
4l.WpU
'_This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;
it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.b6
7C
b7E
~ Q .
PH-302a Ocv.10-6-95!
279AWF222936USAMRIID 136
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Continuation nfFD-302 of ___l I , On O 3 / 3 1 / 2 O O 4 , P386 -1-O-
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| Iwas advised by the interviewing agents
regarding t e sensitivity of the information ueried during the b5interview. It was requested thaC:::::::::::not discuss the b7C
subject matter of the interview with anyone else.
Q I
FD-302 Rev. 10-6-95!
I
-1-
, 0
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
ALL II92IFEiRI*LiTIEl1J IIIIII-1TE1.I]11ED
HIEPEIIJ I5 TJIJCLASEIFIED
DATE l2-lt'~~2UCl3 BY SEIEE4 UC EIAIJ.-"I3KfT'fI
. Date of transcription O4/12/2 O O4
b6
b"*
security numbe , Cf -» ~,=_ __ we-<~,=.1~..-;.<l~r 92e.s swat :.l~r1&*:*"1r~"*Z.» a-§~ 4!- '* "§'}"'l -;~p;-;-_~_-3L______;l phone ngber mntiwas interviewed at
§1 §?:"é' Bf ' é'Tf>?T1?'>":/%§,;1l2l-M§y1§i?;;Ei1§e ie§.1A.; IBM For?-.n.Detri,¢1<,
Erggerickaugaryland, QhQne;n@§ber K _ _ "7§§§F;BeTng
advisedof tE§Jid§htityW6f ?hé%it¬ VTwing agents and the
nature of the interview,[:::::::] pr vided the following
information:
I [::::::::]is employed at USAMRIID as and bfhas'worked in the same position since being hired in bL
or has and received training from
I Iis vaccinated for
entr into the] | of Buildingand[E:::]of USAMRIID and has received the standard trainin re arding
proper safety precautions when working in th eas. doenot have the training or access to enter anyTii:ij sui£;;%?;;;%;E:]
has received no formal training in handling any specific select
biological or chemical a ent beyond what USAMRIID requires for
worked redominantlv in Building lfrom
approximately t ' mostly works in
suite of Building occasiona y works in
also occasionally works in suites] Iand] |ofBui ing has worked in almost every| |at USAMRIID during the course of[::] employment.
[:::::::]has no knowledge of any research of Bacillus
anthracis being conducted at USAMRIID and does not know wherestocks of any strain of anthrax are stored. I Ihas wfrked be' b7C
b6
has not autoclaved anything in Buildin b7@
has done all of| Iautoclavinq in Buildin
would autoclave
Invgggalion Q11 O 4 I O 2 O O 4 at Frederick, Mary]. and 21/3'5 ;
/92o92oO l92M.?. b7C
Fm# 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279ABA-Cl01392Dmemwd
ASA
by S
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agenc
~e
Q O
FD-302a Rev. 10-6-95! '
~
I
2'79AWF222936USAMRIID, 279ABAClOl392 b6
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®mMmmndHM2M __j | ,OnO4/O7/2004 ,Pge 2
suites, but had no knowledge of what was inside them. [:::::::::]
>
L;;;§;;;;:]did not recall any specific individuals who
violated security protocol by improper use of their
access bad es or " iggy backing" into laboratory areas ofUSAMRIID. E:::::::E]was sure that this practice occurred, but
had no first hand knowledge.
[:::::::]does not associate with[:::::::::::::]at b6
USAMRIID and has n e of any activities surrounding any
laboratory areas. does not know what select agents are
used at USAMRIID or w ere t ey are stored unless specifically b/F
indicated on the entry door of a particular hot suite.E;::::::]believes thatE:] of Bui1din_ contains anthraxecause it is listed on the -| land
stated that BRUCE IVINS and in that
laboratory. thought that worked with
anthrax and but[:::::::::]
had no specific information.
II llhas never removed an item from a hot suite
nor has ever been asked to d . has no knowledge F' ' ' g rom any hot" suite. I ifb7C
b2
o so
removing biological a ents
I This occurred about
and was working on a weekend.
hadbeen asked to do this on a couple of occasions whenE:;Lworked
over the weekend. had no knowledge of wha y have
been on the cultures andled.C
FD-302a Rev. 10-6-95! S
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279AWF222936USAMRIID, 272ABAC1Ol392
Qmmmmnandwza | I ,onO4/07/2004 ,Pge _3_b5
10713
[::::::::]did not know Ion a personal
level, but reco nized in the haIlway.| I was usuallvseen in Suite| | of Building| Ihad no knowledge of| |work at USAMRIID.
[::::::::] has never worked with and has never had any
contact with the letters containing anthrax which were mailed to
the NEW YORK POST, TOM BROKAW and UNITED STATES SENATORS TOM
DASCHLE and PATRICK LEAHY, and does not know anyone who has.
[::::::::ldoes not know anyone who has expressed anti
American views r o tile attitudes toward any individual ororganization. [i::::i::]does not know of anyone who expressed
interest in gaining access to anthrax or any other biological or
chemical a ents without a specific need or responsibility to doso.[::::::i:]has no knowledge of anyone who would be capable of
being invo ved in the anthrax attacks.
[:::::::]was not aware of any visiting scientists who
may have worked at USAMRIID. T
[::::::::]has never used prestamped envelopes like the
ones used in the anthrax mailings and has no knowledge of anyone
who does. -
[::::::::]was working at USAMRIID during the time of
both anthrax mailings in September and October of 2001 and did
not visit New Jersey during that timeframe.
»b6
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in 1
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FD-302 Rev. 10-6-95!
_ 1 _
__ b6
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
ALL IIJFURILATIUIJ CIIIITFAIIJED '
HEREIN IS Ub]CLA5'.§ -IFIEI3
DATE 12-15-2003 EFL" 60324 ITC E}UJi'[1[{,.*THDate of transcription Z 15 [2 Q Q4 .
II ate f irth;I social security acdount number: home
. address , homeLphone:r___________g was interviewed at the FBI offsite office in
Frederick, Marylan . After being advised of the identit of theinterviewing agents and the purpose of the interview,[:i%::::::] '
provided the following information:
h degree from the University of
and is employed at the United
States Army Medical Research Institute for infectious Diseases, USAMRIID! at Fort Detrick Mar land.I I is| I
[::::::::::::]in the Division. . _[::;;;;]felt very strongly that the Bio-Port ébrporationof Michigan a something to do with the mailings of thé92anthrax-
laced letters. Thirty to forty years ago the Anthrax Vaccine
Absorbed AVA! went to the Food and Drug Administration FDA! for
licensure. A Michigan Senator had ear-marked funds for the
creation of a production contract for Dim ort or Bioport inMichigan. Bio-Port began production of A35 in large quantities for
its sole customer, the United States govern ent. The United States
also shares its vaccine with other countries. Bio-Port eventually
amassed several FDA production quality violations known as 483's!
and in 1999 or 2000 Bio-Port's license was suspended and they were
ordered to stop production of AVA. Shortly after the anthraxlaced
letters were mailed, Congress ordered the FDA to lift BioPort's
suspension and reissue Bio-port's production license.
II I knew that BRUCE92IVINS andI nI Iat USAMRIID, were told to help get Bio-Port
back online for vaccine production.
[:::::::]believed that someone closely involved with Bio-
Port's financial interests may have hired someone to produce the
anthrax-laced letters to specific targets in order to create a
scare and the need for increased production of the AVA anthrax
vaccine. This would also slow the development of a new vaccine
called Recombinant Protective Antigen RPA! which would eventually
render AVA obsolete.
Imm%mmnm 4/15/O4 m Frederick, Maryland
,umww1mo~b13File# 2'79AWFZ22936, 2'79ABAClOl392 - 924¢,$Z Date dictated n/a I _ _ ! 73/I IPostal Inspector * 1 °7
by SAI |
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agen
it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.
I I In the Fall of
edFD-3'02 Rev. 10~6-95!
-1-
b <5
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION b7 C
ALL ILIFCIPI-LLTIE-1J CCIHTAII-IEI3
I-IEPE I111 I5 LII-IEI.Af-ii-JIFIEEI .92
DEE l2lI':'-2I3E=3 B? 602124 UIZ BM1I.-"D1-UTE
Date of transcription O 3 I 3 1 Z 2 O
I lat fhirthl Is'1+ =1 ae o__ OCl<'3.Securitv Aécount Numbezq I home address II rI home tele hone numbe Icellular telifhone number EIwas interviewed atI Ilace
L t t F! 'of employment
work te ephone number After
elng advised or Ehe na ure of t Wiinterview an Ehe iden 1 y of
the interviewing agents, provided the followinginformation: [:::::::]
I I Iqraduated fromI IHigh School ,in I
ll'l enrofled inI rUn1versity and graduatwith a I '
From Januaryl ItoI Iwas employed wit
Enm
FromI ItoI Elwas employedwith the United States Army Medical Research insti ute of
Infectious Diseases USAMRIID!, Bacteriology Division. was
Imemmmnm O3/26/2004 m Fort Detrick, Maryland
Ans ,92A.s4<File# 2'79AWF222936USAMRIID 2'79ABAClO1392 Datedictated O3/31/2004
Sby $1 I
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. Lii_7
q7
FD302a Rev. 10-6-95!
_ 279A-WF222936USAMRIID 279ABAC1Ol392
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Continuation of FD-302 of I I , On O 3 / 2 6 / 2 O O4 , Page 2
l and reported to
| in Buildingwas al land was responsible io
92
| Lalsb on the |_Rr0"iecLt '
worked with the Ames strain of B.a. | |never
never worke on an ro'ects with B.a. however was awareINS,E:::::E::;:%;::::]and worked with B.a.[§§Ef?:iwas responsi elstrain which is used inor growing and harvesting
the antrhax vaccine.|
I |did not do any92wor§ involving7the drying of B.a;and has never used a lyopHIlizerA9292/ / 1 » l yfz
~ stated that BRUCE IVINS, AND
ay have had expertise in weaponization techniques,
spore production and lyophilizing of B.a.
[:::::::] was not aware of any areas at USAMRIID that had
problems with bacterial contamination.
' ' ' g areas
Tin_Bnflding and[:::]
stated that[::]never used the hot areas in
Building an does not recall ever going into the cold
storage
[:;:;;;g;Lwas not aware of anybody piggybacking throughdoorways a ID, however[::]stated that it probably occurred.
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[::::::::] stated that it would be easy to remove select
agents from the hot areas because security was lax. Also,[:::::]
stated that it would be easy to conceal select agents on a persons
body without anyone detecting it.
E;::::::]was not aware of anyone that stated they might
make a se ect agent for use in an improper fashion.
[::::::;]is not aware of any persons, with hostile
attitudes agains the United States of America or any of its
interest, that had the ability and willingness to use biological
a ents against the United States of America or its interest[:%:::::]is not aware of any persons that may bea suspect or may be
associated with the mailings of the anthrax letters.
[;::::::gis not aware of any people who[::]has worked with
that were ax in andling dangerous items or inappropriately
interested in agents that could be turned into harmful agents.
[:::::::]was not aware of anyone at USAMRIID who was
rumored to be interested in gaining access to anthrax or any other
biological or chemical agents or the means to roduce them withouta specific need or responsibility to do so. [:E:::::]is not aware
of anyone who expressed a special interest in eing able to get
around forensic techniques.
[:::::::]does not have.any connection with Trenton, New
r an -other areas in New Jersey was in
i i tely at aconference being held byE;?%¬f%j%i The eme 0 e conference
was l[::;:::::]is not aware of any work being conducted with B.a
or its simu ants which were unofficial or not recorded.
[:::::;:;:gwork was recorded in laboratory notebooks and[:;:Lbelieves sai a oratory noteboks are maintained in the USAMRIID
1 rary.
[:::;::::Lnever purchased prestamped envelopes similar to
the type use in he anthrax mailings.
L;;;;:;;:ldid not personally handle any of the anthrax- -
laced le nvelopes and[::]did not do any analytical work on
the evidence in this case.
. Q O
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with
is responsible for production of
I
Enclosed in the 1A envelope is | Icurriculum vitaeand a disk containing a power point presentation onl l
L LL L IIIIFDPEIIEITI U11] EDI-I'"I'ELIlTEDI-D-302 Rev. 10-6-95!
I-E.'I3!EII1I IS UBIIILASSIFIEIII
DATE l2l6ZI]El BY C-U3E;¢1 UC DEUUDH.-"T11
-1-
! FEDERAL BUREAU OFINVESTHEATHDN
Date of transcription Q 3 f 3 O f 2 Q
I date of birth;
I p Lsocial securitv éccount number: L home
address ome HT b/Cphone: was interviewed atI Iplace of employment, the
TEEEE edical Research Ins i ute for Infectious
Diseases USAMRIID!. After being advised of the identit of theinterviewing agents and the purpose of the interview,[::f::::]
provided the following information: .
is a at USAMRIID in theI IDivision, building _5has been employed at
USAMRIID sinceI I previously worked at the
is at:::::::] and has aI I degree inI dIfrom[;;;::::]University ofI I rhas worke primarily in
has worked with studies involving[;:g::::;::;;J
has not wor e in ui ing
h l 92accessed to Ias on y
ill and
[::::] certified.
as not worked with Bacillus anthracis Ba!is not Icertified but is
directlv. hasl I
animal free media is used.[%:::]nmy grow Delta strain Ba for
characterization sfudie§*_1
I Imay have Ames strain Ba in[:::]freezer.
E:::::] has seen a lyophilizer in[::::::::]but has never
known anyone to dry Ba.has never rown a culture but understands that
[::::::]kmew that[::::::::::] and BRUCE IVINS would have
grown Ames spores for research. A contractor,
Investigation on 3 /26/O4 at Frederick , Maryland Y
92 usmnmnm¢%1uI Iwas involved in spore research. I I
Fm# 279A-222936 279ABAC1O1392-92435 Dmemwmd N/A
al Inspectorby Sg I ' ¢3§* u¢Q£
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and '
it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.I06
"7
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has never seen anyone "piggyback" at USAMRIID.
knew that before security was tightened at
USAMRIID, it would be easy to remove a select agent from the hot
suites via the passbox and airlock or by showering out with it.
did not know of anyone who had hostile attitudes
towards the government, political organizations, or the media.
did not know anyone with specific knowledge of the
weaponization process for biological agents.
felt that the mailings may have been committed by
someone c ose y associated with BioPort formally Dimeport! of
Michigan. BioPort had a contract to produce the anthrax vaccine
for the United States Government and other countries. Bioport's
production was suspended in 1999 or 2000 by the United States Food
and Drug Administration FDA! for quality control issues. Bioport
risked losing the government contract. After the anthrax mailings,
the United States Congress ordered the FDA to withdraw the Bio-
ports suspension so that Bioport could again continue producing
the anthrax vaccine.
felt that the anthrax-laced letters could have
been produced in a home made glovebox if properly sealed.
thought that to prepare the spores one might need
to use acetone extraction and good filtration to get rid of any
cellular debris or it would not work.
did not see any Sterilitetype containers at
USAMRIID. _
recalled that an old glove box sat outside of
building 1412 for awhile buqE::]did not know what happened to it.
did not know of any research being conducted "off
the books '
has not ever purchase prestamped envelopes from
the Post Office or vending machines. .
did not know| 7 knew of the
name and understood thaq:::::::]had a_record of
*
I-92
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Cmmmmmo®8Mof I I ,0n3/25/04 ,Hy
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did not host any foreign visiting scientists.
has not worked with the Aeromedical Isolation
strongly believes Dimeggrt orBié;Port had someinvolvement in the mailings of the anth xlaced 1 tters.
relative to 1Sis willing to take a polygraph examination
case.
*' Q Q
FD-302 Rev. 10-6-95! -
ALL II-IFDRILELTIIJI-I CDIJTAIIIED
HEREIN IS UI~IIL2'a5LiIFIED
-1- DATE ].2.I.62IlI]Ei BY I5lIl32¢l UC EAT.|.T,.-DH.~"'TH
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION j
Date of transcription Q4 Z O6 Z 2 O
hbornI Iwith socia secur y account numbe
was interviewed at the United"State Attornev's Offi , f
Columbia in the presence ofI I telephoneE::::;E;;;;;;2i::;%§:interview was conducted by Supervisory Special
Agen of the Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI!
and Assistant United States Attorney Kenneth C. Kohl of the
District of Columbia. After being advised of t ' 'ty of theinterviewers and the purpose of the interview, Ef:i?f?frprovided
the following information:
InI Icurrent employment ad' é IandI
official title is4On April 6, 2004,L
II is aI I
I
[::::::::] worked at the United States Army Medi
Research Institute of Infectious Diseases USAMRIID!fromuntill Ilefd IonI L1 When
I Iwent direct toUSAMRIID where was assigned to the Division.I:::]
worked in for the duration o assignment at
USAMRI ID .
USAMRIID offered greater opportunities for research in
the genetics field than some of the other placesI I
I Iconducted research on
I liked
Investigation on O 4 / O 6/2 0 O 4 at Washington , DC
File # 2'79AWF-222936USA192/[RI ID - I583 Date dictated N/A
by |:|
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;
it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.I $¢.920.c,.tw92,,,t,niw,,OiZb6
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92 the science atmosphere and the budget situation at USAMRIID.
| perspective on| |work at USAMRIID beqan to
chanqe afte I
After the anthrax attacks in 2001] |realized that working
in biodefense had lots of liability in addition to health risks. A
researcher who was mentoring someone else would have to worry about
whether they were training the next "anthrax bomber".
Ihg rgseagrchl conducted a_t
It was in this project thatl worked with Bacillus
anthracis Ba! at USAMRIID.|
asked BRUCE IVINS to provide a collection of
geograp verse Ba strains for the anthrax part of the
study. spotted the Ba strains on the media and destroyed
the cultures IVINS had provided does not recall the exactnumber of strains used in the studyi I
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|Ian _assisted Ln Ehe project
[:::::::::::]work area was in buildin suite[::] Room
but most Qf the ork was conducted on th side. Suitesand wkuring the time worked at
and it was common for people toI
[::::::]. The researchers and technicians who worked in the two
suites were organized as teams, and the research problems were
specific to those teams. I
[:::::::::] does not know where IVINS' ction of Ba was
stored. There were| Ifreezers in SuiteI I and freezer inI I|The freezers were not inI Iand | I
I I movedI Iinterests on to[::::::::::::] when Ba
was found not to ave roperties. The aerosol studies[::] conducted were with not Ba.
In order toJget access to buildingI I the smallpoxIqgccine was required I Ib7C
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in the aerosol challenge labs and never entered the hot side ofbuilding|:|
Imfzyed the Qlllhllrei 1n|:| ' SuiteL_J to buildiLg called ahead toiand was met at the airlock door to| | The
tec nician changed clothes and entered the hot suite. Mice were
used_exclusively for the aerosol challenges, and hamsters for IP.b6
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never saw lat USAMRIID. Thework at USAMRIID was very comgartmentalized, and Iwould not have
had a reason to interact with is not aware of
any coworkers who have claimed to have know l _
Immediately after the DASCHLE letter was o ened in the
4 Senate office building,| Igot a call from
calls that call wasl
asked| anI Iasked if meant forl
replied with some the effect of,|
Inever handled any of the anthrax-laced letters
in the case and was never in the same room as any of the letters.
After lookin at a co f th USAMRIID fl l ' g py o e oor ans,thought the letters were taken to[::::]anq[::: because office
was in Room| |
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believes the room was in Suite Rooms I:I and I:Ibut the
I maintained the area. It was the
same room where initia ly 0think learnid_EHi§_iEEg;ma;iQn f;QmI I
also had another The
employees were not told much during the letter investigation.
I Idid not handle anv of the powder from any of the
l I I b6 enve opes.
I _ Ihad givenI Ia nearly
impossible turn~around time for the testing o e swa s. Each
swab was solubilized in a "special juice" to lift the spores, then
the juice was subsampled. Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR!, was
conducted, followed by gamma phage confirmation and radioimmuno
assays RIA!.
Was aI I IItoldI Ithat USAMRIID had toI
Ihas not thought of an one else, since thefirst interview in whic |mentionad[::::fE::] who might have
been involved in the mailings of the anthrax-laced letters.
[::;::;;;glwas asked about several foreign visitinqscientists o IID for who I
E:::::::] in the USAMRIID records. provided the following
information about each listed individual:
I Iwas aI
Icame to USAMRIID
Iand was vaccinated bv USAMRIID.I
may never have actually come to
USAMRIID. USAMRIID was in negotiations with a British company to
develop a way to use si nature tag mutagenesis to knock out
bacterial genes. ognized the name as the
British company f came to USAMRIID would onl have - Y
given a seminar and would not have been granted access to any hot
suites.
wasIvisited USAMRIID, but IsoI Idid notb6
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have access to the hot suites. [:::]did attend the annual glanders
meeting.
did not recognize the names of I
thought might en
for . was proba v 1S ed forland simply because mighj have|
I lfrom was in charge of the whole
section of] |was never in a hot suite
w1 but does not kn ' | l ow 1f[::]ever had access to
any hot suites.
I |was| Iwithl |on the
was never in Ehe suites unescorted.| [used
own bad e swipe card! and Personal Identification Number PIN!to getE:::iE]into suites[:]and[:::]
Visiting scientists were given swipe cards which would
only allow them into the administrative areas of USAMRIID.
Different badge access was needed for the hot suites. The[:::]
hallway had its own coding.
| I ldid not recognize the names of[:::::::::::::]and
thought they may have attended the glanders
meeting at USAMRIID.| Idescribed-glanders as an obligate
pathogen of horses which had been eliminated from the United States
through quarantine procedures. Veterinarians sometimes died from
it. Glanders is considered a biological weapon pathogen. [::::::::]
saw an article about a clandestine lab in Bethesda which was to
infect horses being sent overseas during World War I.
During the time period encompassing September 17 and 18,
2001 Jilwas in USAMRI IDI I
Idoes not recall traveling throu h or inNew Jersey during September or October 2001. and[::::%:::::]
have no connections to New Jersey. For the "normal work
day starts when you get there and ends when you leave".b6
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279AWF222936USAMRIID
[::::::::] does not recall specific instances in which[:;:]
r followed someone else through a door after they swiped their ca .E::%Poes not recall anyone else in particular following[:::]througha oor afterE:] swipedIUUUUcard. But, it was common practice for
enlisted soldiers to stand aside and let officers key in. They may
have piggybacked. Officers who went into the hot suites at
USAMRIID included
and
I I. While was at USAMRIIDJ Iwas the
Commander, and was the Deputy Commander.
To[:::::::::]knowledge, there was never any
stabilization of powdered Ba at USAMRIID. '
There could have been large numbers of agar plates in
labs at a given time without sending up a red flag. Serial b6
sacrifice experiments were frequently conducted and would require b7@
large numbers of plates. In serial sacrifice experiments, a group b2
of animals was exposed to a pathogen. A few animals were removed b7F
and sacrificed on a time table to determine the bacterial load over
time. I I
I I I TenfoIddilutions were prepared for each organ. Five to seven plates were
prepared per organ. They would sacrifice three to five animals per
time point, so there were hundreds of plates per serial sacrifice
experiment.
[::::::::]was not aware of any large volumes of spore
r arations of Ames in suite Ther was a lyophilizer in suiteE%j?i non-containment suite, bu was not aware of any hot
suites which contained a lyophi lzer. as the most
common user of the lyophilizer in the area. F asks of organisms
were only left sitting out alone if they were steril were
no "live bugs" out in the suit s
worked in were[:::::::]IVINS, and
- may I1Ot have ever SGGII. l1'1 _¬ S111 G.
I Iis not aware of any visitorshaving hand-carried any samples into USAMRIID "under the radar". FfcD 1'
I Iis still in touch withI Iof USAMRIID
II I They did experiments together..0 6Continuation of FD-302 of I I , On O 4 / 0 6 / 2 O O 4 , Page 7 C
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employees have been polygraphed by the
FBI, ut oes not receive any real updates from anyone.
did not work closely withI IadvisedI[;:::g::]not to work with anthrax at USAMRIID
because there was a ars political environment about anthrax.
There was a feeling of "civilians against the military" because of
Lleaderslp style is Iike a wagon wheel - "teIl them only what they I
need to know". It does not encourage networking within the
workplace. The civilian scientists thought the military
scientists "intelligence was proportional to their hair len th"[::::::::]<iid not talk with or interact withI Ibecause[?:]had
been told about this sentiment.
never dried Ba or produced spores from Ba. [::]
was trained as a I
recalled working an a1lnighter early in the
Iworked all night, and
nder supervision For a while [::]was glad to
Th 1 t I Ie work was done u . ' ,
have night shifts. e on y imes can remember being atUSAMRIID at 1:00 am occurred during theg TheIonly other allnightersE::]worked were urifg
' [;;:g:::::]~work was documented in laboratory notebooks
which shou e in the USAMRIID library archive or in the
ossession ofI I
Iwas shown a printoutofI Ikey card access records from USAMRIID which showed an entr
at approximately 1:00 am into the hot suite change room. I I
[:::::::%:]does not remember specifically where[::]was orwhat[:] did on t e Columbus Day holiday weekend, October 6-9, 2001.
~ ~ i i I I
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n October 1, 2001, there were several swipes of
card to which the system replied "invalid card".
thinks this may have been| I
The level of sophistication used in the anthraxlaced
letter mailings would have required experiments, and E::::::::]
believes someone would have been caught during such experiments.
k th t D re d d d B ll l b l b nows a ugway p pare rie aci us g o igii simu ant, ut
does not know of any other people with the knowledge of
how to weaponize anthrax.
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[::::::::] will discuss with[::;;::::;;:] the request for[:::]to subTE:Ef:i:iolygraph regarding e an raxlaced letter
mailings. is willing to provide additional information inI the futpre if requegtid to do so, but agents should contact[::::]
I lis further described as follows:
Race:
Sex:
Date of Birth:
SSN: _
t
Home telephone:
Ne Duplieatien Fees are eharged fer Deleted Page Infenatien Sheet s
Tetal Deleted ! ~
Page 4'?
Page 43
Page -49
Page 5|]
Page 51
Page 52
Page 53
Page 54
Page 56FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
DELETED PAGE INFORI-.-'I.ATION SHEET
Page
ETC,
brj, ETC,
brj, IJTC,
b, hT"C,
b, hT"C,
b, ETC,
b, hT"C,
b, 1:|T"C,
b, hT"C,h, IJTF
IJTF
IJTF
hp.-"F
hp.-"F
IJTF
IJTF
IJTF
hp.-"F